Abstract: An aqueous composition comprising: sulfuric acid; a modifying agent comprising an amine group; and a peroxide. The amine group can include triethanolamine, diethanolamine, monoethanolamine, pyrrolidine, ethylenediamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, DIPEA, cyclohexylamine, piperidine, morpholine, DBU, benzylamine, and combinations thereof. The composition is capable of delignifying biomass under milder conditions than conditions under which kraft pulping takes place. The composition can be used in processing and depolymerization of cellulose from a plant source.

Abstract: A method of treating a spent oxidizing acid is provided comprising the steps of contacting a spent acid containing peroxy acids of sulfur with a quantity of SO2 in excess of an equilibrium quantity required to convert the peroxy acids to sulfuric acid. The excess SO2 is catalytically converted to SO3, and the SO3 is absorbed into the sulfuric acid stream essentially free of H2SO5 and H2O2 to make product sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A process for preparing sulfuric acid may involve oxidizing sulfur to sulfur dioxide by way of dried air in a first oxidation stage. The sulfur dioxide may then be oxidized to sulfur trioxide in a second oxidation stage. The sulfur trioxide may be absorbed by sulfuric acid in at least one absorption stage. Further, heated sulfuric acid may be drawn off from the absorption stage and used for generating steam. Process gas from an intermediate absorption stage may be recycled to the second oxidation stage and, in some cases, a final absorption stage after the process gas flows through the second oxidation stage.

Abstract: A process plant for production of sulfuric acid from a process gas comprising SO2, including a process gas inlet, a first SO2 converter having an inlet and an outlet, a first condenser having a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a liquid outlet, a gas mixing device having a first inlet, a second inlet and an outlet, a process gas heater having an inlet and an outlet, a second SO2 converter having an inlet and an outlet, a second condenser having a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a liquid outlet, one or more means for cooling and storage of sulfuric acid and a purified process gas outlet.

Abstract: In a production mode a process for preparing sulfuric acid may involve oxidizing sulfur to sulfur dioxide in a first oxidation stage, and catalytically oxidizing the sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide in a second oxidation stage. The sulfur trioxide may be absorbed in at least one absorption stage. In the production mode, process gases from a last of the at least one absorption stage with respect to a flow direction are discharged. In a standby mode of the process, at least one heating stage for heating the process gases is connected. The process gases exiting from the at least one absorption stage are conveyed to the heating stage, and the process gases are circulated via the heating stage, the second oxidation stage, and the absorption stage.

Abstract: The invention is a method and a sulfuric acid plant design for reduction of start-up SO2, SO3 and H2SO4 emissions in sulfuric acid production, in which SO2 is converted to SO3 in n successive catalyst beds, where n is an integer >1. The final catalytic beds are used as absorbents for SO2 to SO3 during the start-up procedure, and one or more of the m beds downstream the first bed are purged, either separately or simultaneously, with hot gas, where m is an integer >1 and m<n, during the previous shut-down. Also, one separate purge with hot gas is used on the final bed.

Abstract: A plant for the production of sulfur trioxide from a feed stream containing sulfur-containing compounds and dissolved metals and alkali metals by a process, which involves gas quenching, comprises an incineration furnace, a mixing device and/or a dilution air heater, a dust removal device and an SO2 converter. The plant may further comprise a condenser for the purpose of producing sulfuric acid.

Abstract: The above mentioned invention describes a process for cooling a gas mixture of SO2 and/or SO3 and water, wherein the gas mixture is cooled by means of a first heat exchanger carrying a coolant. The temperature of the coolant lies above the dew point of the gas or gas mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to methyl methacrylate characterized in that at least one portion of the carbons thereof is biologically sourced and, more specifically, in that it contains between 0.2×10?10 and 1.2×10?10 wt.-% of 14C in relation to total carbon weight according to the ASTM D6866 standard. The preparation method uses acetone cyanohydrin as a raw material, the acetone cyanohydrin being obtained by condensing cyanohydric acid on acetone, and the methyl methacrylate is prepared using a process involving the addition of methanol. According to the invention, at least one from among the acetone, cyanohydric acid and methanol is obtained by a reaction or series of reactions involving the biomass.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a process for producing sulfuric acid with reduced levels of niter. The process involves (a) providing an absorption tower wherein sulfur trioxide is absorbed in a sulfuric acid feed having a first sulfuric acid solution to produce a sulfuric acid effluent having (i) a second sulfuric acid solution which has a higher concentration than the first sulfuric acid solution, (ii) a niter concentration greater than about 5 ppm (as NO3), and (iii) a temperature greater than 100° C.; and (b) contacting a first purifying agent comprising sulfamic acid and a second purifying agent comprising hydrogen peroxide with the sulfuric acid effluent to form a treated sulfuric acid effluent, the treated sulfuric acid effluent being maintained at a temperature of greater than 100° C. for a maintenance period of at least about 1 minute.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process plant for the oxidation of SO2 to SO3 in a process gas, said process plant comprising a heat exchanger configured for heating the process gas by heat exchange with an oxidized process gas and/or a further oxidized process gas by providing thermal contact between said process gas and said oxidized process gas and/or said further oxidized process gas, a first zone of material catalytically active in oxidation of SO2 to SO3, and a boiler configured for containing steam being heated by the oxidized process gas and/or the further oxidized process after said oxidized process gas has been cooled in the heat exchanger characterized in the cooled oxidized process gas in the boiler being non-condensing with the benefit of providing the possibility for a smaller heat exchanger which may be made with only moderate corrosion resistant materials, compared to a process plant according to the prior art, as well as a related process.

Abstract: A remedial pollution control system for treating volatile organic compounds that may include a vapor concentrator connected to a line that is laden with volatile organic compounds, the concentrator has an organic condensate output line and a vapor output line; a mixing chamber adapted to receive air provided from an air supply line, combustible fuel from an alternate fuel supply line, and a vapor stream from the vapor output line to produce a mixed fuel supplied to an internal combustion engine, a control mixing system with a controller for producing a proper air to fuel ratio in the mixed fuel supply, and power generated to operate other devices used to more efficiently abate volatile organic compounds and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Abstract: A contact process for manufacture of sulfuric acid in which the vapor phase heat of formation of sulfuric acid in the sulfur trioxide conversion gas and the heat of absorption of SO3 in sulfuric acid is recovered by transfer of heat from the absorption acid to high pressure boiler feed water that is fed to a waste heat boiler where steam is generated at a pressure of at least 40 bar by transfer of heat from sulfur dioxide combustion gas.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing sulfuric acid by using hydrogen sulfide. The method comprises the following steps: (1) performing a reduction-oxidation reaction between an H2S feed gas and oxygen to prepare SO2; (2) cooling the product acquired in step (1) to a temperature between 390° C. and 430° C., then performing a catalyzed oxidation reaction with oxygen; and (3) cooling the product acquired in step (2), then further cooling to a temperature between 60° C. and 120° C., collecting H2SO4 product. Also provided is a heat exchanger, comprising a housing and several glass pipes arranged within the housing along the direction of a long axis of the housing, arching between two lateral walls thereof; the adjacent glass pipes are connected head-to-tail. The method provides great hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency, simple process flow, and allows for economic efficiency of apparatus and reasonable utilization of energy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process plant for the oxidation of SO2 to SO3 in a process gas, said process plant comprising a heat exchanger configured for heating the process gas by heat exchange with an oxidized process gas and/or a further oxidized process gas by providing thermal contact between said process gas and said oxidized process gas and/or said further oxidized process gas, a first zone of material catalytically active in oxidation of SO2 to SO3, and a boiler configured for containing steam being heated by the oxidized process gas and/or the further oxidized process after said oxidized process gas has been cooled in the heat exchanger characterized in the cooled oxidized process gas in the boiler being non-condensing with the benefit of providing the possibility for a smaller heat exchanger which may be made with only moderate corrosion resistant materials, compared to a process plant according to the prior art, as well as a related process.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of sulphur dioxide contained in a feed gas to sulphur trioxide, comprising the steps of a) alternatingly providing a first feed gas containing a high concentration of sulphur dioxide and a second feed gas containing a low concentration of sulphur dioxide as a process gas, b) preheating the process gas by heat exchange with a heat exchange medium, c) reacting the process gas in the presence of a catalytically active material in a catalytic reaction zone, d) converting at least in part the sulphur dioxide of the process gas into sulphur trioxide contained in a product gas in the catalytic reaction zone, e) cooling the product gas by contact with a heat exchange medium, wherein a thermal buffer zone is provided in relation to one of said process steps, providing thermal energy produced during super-autothermal operation for heating the process gas during sub-autothermal operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a condenser, having a process gas side and a heat transfer medium side said condenser being configured for feeding a hot process gas containing a condensable component to an inlet of the condensing side, and being further configured for withdrawing a cooled process gas from an outlet of the condensing side, and being even further configured for withdrawing a condensate in a position proximate to one end of the condenser, and said condenser having the process gas side divided in a process gas cooling zone configured for having a cool heat transfer medium inlet and a heated heat transfer medium outlet, and a process gas re-heating zone downstream the process gas cooling section, configured for re-heating of the process gas, as well as a processes for condensation and production of sulphuric acid employing such a condenser.

Abstract: A method for making sulfuric acid comprises: providing solid sulfur, melting the solid sulfur into liquid sulfur in a sulfur melting tank, burning the sulfur to generate a sulfur product, recycling high order heat energy generated from burning the sulfur and providing the high order heat energy to a distillation tower, recycling low order heat energy generated from burning the sulfur and providing the low order heat energy to the sulfur melting tank, providing hydrogen peroxide or sulfuric acid containing hydrogen peroxide into an absorption-reaction tower for reacting to produce a sulfuric acid product, and concentrating or purifying the sulfuric acid product to improve its concentration or purity.

Abstract: A process for cooling an acid that is withdrawn from an absorption apparatus of a sulfuric acid plant includes pumping the acid to be cooled from an acid pump tank and supplying the acid to a shell space of a heat exchanger. Water is supplied as a heat transport medium to heat transfer elements disposed in the shell space so as to at least partially convert, by heat transfer from the acid, the water to steam. The acid which was cooled in the heat exchanger is supplied back to the absorption apparatus. The water is separated from the steam in a steam drum. The separated water is recirculated to the heat exchanger using a pump.

Abstract: This invention relates to the recovery of energy in the manufacture of sulfuric acid, and more particularly to enhanced recovery of energy from the absorption of wet SO3 in sulfuric acid. The invention is further directed to control of mist formation during SO3 absorption, and of the sulfuric acid mist content of the gas stream leaving the SO3 absorption step in a process wherein SO3 absorption energy is recovered from absorption acid in useful form.

Abstract: A contact process for manufacture of sulfuric acid is disclosed in which the vapor phase heat of formation of sulfuric acid in the sulfur trioxide conversion gas and the heat of absorption of SO3 in sulfuric acid is recovered by transfer of heat from the absorption acid to high pressure boiler feed water that is fed to a waste heat boiler where steam is generated by transfer of heat from sulfur dioxide combustion gas. Heat is transferred from the absorption acid to a boiler feed water stream in an array of heat exchangers that are in series with respect to the flow of both the boiler feed water stream and the absorption acid stream, and with respect to which array the absorption acid stream and the boiler feed water stream flow countercurrently. Boiler feed water is allowed to flash in a reduced pressure zone in the boiler feed water path, thus preserving a ?t throughout the array of heat exchangers for recovering heat from the absorption acid in water fed to the high pressure boiler.

Abstract: A process for producing sulfuric acid with reduced levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) within a typical sulfuric acid production line. A hydrazine source material can be mixed with a sulfuric acid effluent at a temperature of at least about 90° C. for a period of at least 1 minute to reduce the level of NOx is the sulfuric acid effluent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for oxidation of SO2 to SO3 comprising the steps of (a) directing a stream of feed gas comprising SO2 and O2 to a catalytically active material, (b) oxidizing an amount of said SO2 in said process gas to SO3 in the presence of the catalytically active material, providing a first oxidized process gas, (c) reacting SO3 with water, (d) condensing H2SO4, (e) withdrawing a first desulphurized process gas and a first stream of sulphuric acid, (f) from the desulphurized process gas withdrawing a recycle stream of desulphurized process gas, wherein the recycle stream is added to said stream of feed gas or said first oxidized process gas with the associated benefit of reducing the molar flow of process gas downstream withdrawal of the recycle stream and upstream the mixing point.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing sulfuric acid by using hydrogen sulfide. The method comprises the following steps: (1) performing a reduction-oxidation reaction between an H2S feed gas and oxygen comprised in an oxygen-rich air to prepare SO2, controlling residual oxygen after the reduction-oxidation reaction step at a molar percentage of ?2%; (2) cooling the product acquired in step (1) to a temperature between 390° C. and 430° C., and then performing a catalyzed oxidation reaction with oxygen, wherein the catalyzed oxidation reaction is performed in stages until the conversion rate of SO2 is ?98.7% or the outlet concentration of SO2 is ?550 mg/Nm3; and (3) cooling the product acquired in step (2) to a temperature ?10° C. over the dew point temperature of H2SO4, then further cooling to a temperature between 60° C. and 120° C., collecting H2SO4 product, and subjecting the gas acquired after cooling to a coalescent separation before discharging directly into the atmosphere.

Abstract: Improved catalysts for oxidation of sulfur dioxide which are alkali metal-promoted vanadium catalysts which are further promoted by gold. Improved methods employing such catalyst for oxidation of sulfur dioxide and for manufacture of sulfuric acid. Improved methods for multiple step oxidation of sulfur dioxide in which the last oxidation step is carried out employing improved catalysts of this invention at temperatures lower than 400° C.

Abstract: This invention relates to the recovery of energy in the manufacture of sulfuric acid, and more particularly to enhanced recovery of energy from the absorption of wet SO3 in sulfuric acid. The invention is further directed to control of mist formation during SO3 absorption, and of the sulfuric acid mist content of the gas stream leaving the SO3 absorption step in a process wherein SO3 absorption energy is recovered from absorption acid in useful form.

Abstract: A process for producing sulfuric acid with reduced levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) within a typical sulfuric acid production line. A hydrazine source material can be mixed with a sulfuric acid effluent at a temperature of at least about 90° C. for a period of at least 1 minute to reduce the level of NOx is the sulfuric acid effluent.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a concentration of an acid or lye includes charging a medium for adjusting the concentration of the acid or lye into a supply conduit of the acid or lye so as to provide a combined stream. The combined stream is supplied through an inlet to a mixing chamber such that the combined stream is deflected upon entering the mixing chamber. The combined stream is mixed in the mixing chamber. The combined stream is discharged through an outlet of the mixing chamber such that the combined stream is again deflected upon being discharged from the mixing chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a condenser, having a process gas side and a heat transfer medium side said condenser being configured for feeding a hot process gas containing a condensable component to an inlet of the condensing side, and being further configured for withdrawing a cooled process gas from an outlet of the condensing side, and being even further configured for with-drawing a condensate in a position proximate to one end of the condenser, and said condenser having the process gas side divided in a process gas cooling zone configured for having a cool heat transfer medium inlet and a heated heat transfer medium outlet, and a process gas re-heating zone downstream the process gas cooling section, configured for re-heating of the process gas, as well as a processes for condensation and production of sulphuric acid employing such a condenser.

Abstract: Provided is a process for directly producing sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid from gypsum. Sulfur trioxide is directly substituted with silicon dioxide by thermal or light-quantum activation, which is assisted with catalytic activation, while restraining reducing atmosphere and removing the resultant sulfur trioxide in time. The resultant sulfur trioxide is then used as raw material to produce sulfuric acid by a well-known method in prior art. The process has the advantages of simplified operational steps, little investment, low energy consumption and manufacturing cost, and low environmental pollution.

Abstract: Improved catalysts for oxidation of sulfur dioxide which are alkali metal-promoted vanadium catalysts which are further promoted by gold. Improved methods employing such catalyst for oxidation of sulfur dioxide and for manufacture of sulfuric acid. Improved methods for multiple step oxidation of sulfur dioxide in which the last oxidation step is carried out employing improved catalysts of this invention at temperatures lower than 400° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new method for decomposing and/or removing hazardous substances using a photocatalytic material. The method of the present invention is sufficiently useful in fields requiring quick decomposition and/or removal of hazardous substances in gas and/or liquid phases. The decomposition method of the present invention using a photocatalytic material enables significantly efficient and rapid decomposition of hazardous substances in gas and/or liquid phases by causing a photocatalytic material to coexist with a dilute hydrogen peroxide solution.

Abstract: This invention relates to the recovery of energy in the manufacture of sulfuric acid, and more particularly to enhanced recovery of energy from the absorption of wet SO3 in sulfuric acid. The invention is further directed to control of mist formation during SO3 absorption, and of the sulfuric acid mist content of the gas stream leaving the SO3 absorption step in a process wherein SO3 absorption energy is recovered from absorption acid in useful form.

Abstract: Described is a method of increasing the sulfuric acid concentration of a first aqueous sulfuric acid solution with a sulfuric acid concentration of 82-89% to a concentrated sulfuric acid solution with a sulfuric acid concentration of at least 90%, including evaporating water from the first aqueous sulfuric acid solution in an evaporator vessel to the concentrated sulfuric acid solution, pumping around a mixture of the first aqueous sulfuric acid solution, part of the concentrated sulfuric acid solution, a second aqueous sulfuric acid solution, and hydrogen peroxide through an enameled piping system comprising the evaporator vessel and one or more heaters and pumps, wherein the piping system is operating at a temperature of at least 180° C., and the sulfuric acid concentration of the second aqueous sulfuric acid solution is at least 90%.

Abstract: A process for making molecular hydrogen, elemental sulfur and sulfur dioxide from hydrogen sulfide. The process involves contacting a gas stream of hydrogen sulfide within a contacting zone with a contacting composition comprising metal sulfide in a lower sulfided state and yielding from the contacting zone a product gas stream comprising hydrogen and a recovered contacting composition comprising metal sulfide in a higher sulfided state. The higher metal sulfide is regenerated with oxygen to yield elemental sulfur and sulfur dioxide.

Abstract: Described is a method of increasing the sulfuric acid concentration of a first aqueous sulfuric acid solution with a sulfuric acid concentration of 82-89% to a concentrated sulfuric acid solution with a sulfuric acid concentration of at least 90%, including evaporating water from the first aqueous sulfuric acid solution in an evaporator vessel to the concentrated sulfuric acid solution, pumping around a mixture of the first aqueous sulfuric acid solution, part of the concentrated sulfuric acid solution, a second aqueous sulfuric acid solution, and hydrogen peroxide through an enameled piping system comprising the evaporator vessel and one or more heaters and pumps, wherein the piping system is operating at a temperature of at least 180° C., and the sulfuric acid concentration of the second aqueous sulfuric acid solution is at least 90%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an installation for producing sulfuric acid. First of all, a product gas flow (5) containing sulfur dioxide is produced. The product gas flow (5) is supplied to a reaction chamber (1). A catalyst (3) is located in the reaction chamber (1). In the presence of the catalyst sulfur dioxide reacts to form sulfur trioxide. In further parts of the installation the resulting sulfur trioxide is converted to sulfuric acid. According to the invention, an oxidizing gas flow (6) is supplied to the reaction chamber (1) alternately with the product gas flow (5).

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for managing sulfur are disclosed. In some embodiments, the method comprise the following: obtaining material containing sulfur; refining the material to develop a high sulfur content heavy fraction fuel oil and a low sulfur content light fraction fuel oil; burning the low sulfur content light fraction fuel oil in apparatus that emit to the atmosphere; burning the high sulfur content heavy fraction fuel oil to produce energy thereby generating flue gas containing sulfur oxide; and removing and disposing of sulfur in the flue gas using a sulfur sequestration system that includes utilizing sulfur removed from the flue gas to form a brine material.

Abstract: Activated carbon is rendered more thermally stable by exposure to a non-halogenated additive, and optionally to a halogen and/or a halogen-containing compound. Such treated carbon is suitable for use in mitigating the content of hazardous substances in flue gases, especially flue gases having a temperature within the range of from about 100° C. to about 420° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides for process for inhibiting the levels of nitrogen oxides in process gas streams from sulfuric acid regeneration and sulfuric acid production plants. Partial oxidation of the nitrogen oxides is achieved by feeding a sub stoichiometric amount of ozone as to nitrogen oxides to the process gas stream.

Abstract: This invention relates to the recovery of energy in the manufacture of sulfuric acid, and more particularly to enhanced recovery of energy from the absorption of wet SO3 in sulfuric acid. The invention is further directed to control of mist formation during SO3 absorption, and of the sulfuric acid mist content of the gas stream leaving the SO3 absorption step in a process wherein SO3 absorption energy is recovered from absorption acid in useful form.

Abstract: A process for making molecular hydrogen, elemental sulfur and sulfur dioxide from hydrogen sulfide. The process involves contacting a gas stream of hydrogen sulfide within a contacting zone with a contacting composition comprising metal sulfide in a lower sulfided state and yielding from the contacting zone a product gas stream comprising hydrogen and a recovered contacting composition comprising metal sulfide in a higher sulfided state. The higher metal sulfide is regenerated with oxygen to yield elemental sulfur and sulfur dioxide.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of sulphur dioxide contained in a feed gas to sulphur trioxide, comprising the steps of a) alternatingly providing a first feed gas containing a high concentration of sulphur dioxide and a second feed gas containing a low concentration of sulphur dioxide as a process gas, b) preheating the process gas by heat exchange with a heat exchange medium, c) reacting the process gas in the presence of a catalytically active material in a catalytic reaction zone, d) converting at least in part the sulphur dioxide of the process gas into sulphur trioxide contained in a product gas in the catalytic reaction zone, e) cooling the product gas by contact with a heat exchange medium, wherein a thermal buffer zone is provided in relation to one of said process steps, providing thermal energy produced during super-autothermal operation for heating the process gas during sub-autothermal operation.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a concentration of an acid or lye includes charging a medium for adjusting the concentration of the acid or lye into a supply conduit of the acid or lye so as to provide a combined stream. The combined stream is supplied through an inlet to a mixing chamber such that the combined stream is deflected upon entering the mixing chamber. The combined stream is mixed in the mixing chamber. The combined stream is discharged through an outlet of the mixing chamber such that the combined stream is again deflected upon being discharged from the mixing chamber.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for extracting a Staphylococcus aureus antigen which comprises using an extraction reagent with a pH of no higher than 5.0, containing one or more acids selected from among hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid, to extract a Staphylococcus aureus antigen comprising a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus antigen and/or a methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus antigen, from Staphylococcus aureus in a specimen. The invention further provides a method for assessing Staphylococcus aureus.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing ultra-pure sulfuric acid is described. Industrial sulfur trioxide is used as the raw material, gasifying it in a round gasifier, getting it gasified for the second time after condensation, sulfur trioxide gas has been purified. Absorbing the sulfur trioxide gas with the dilute sulfuric acid circularly, collect the target product of ultra-pure sulfuric acid. The main content of the ultra-pure sulfuric acid obtained by the method of the present invention can reach more than 96 wt %, the content of the impurities of metal ions, is in conformity with the SEMI C12 standard.

Abstract: Systems and methods of producing chemical compounds are disclosed. An example chemical production system includes a combustion chamber having intake ports for entry of a gas mixture. An igniter ignites the gas mixture in the intake chamber to facilitate a reaction at a high temperature and high pressure. A nozzle restricts exit of the ignited gas mixture from the combustion chamber. An expansion chamber cools the ignited gas. The expansion chamber has an exhaust where the cooled gas exits the expansion chamber. A chemical compound product is formed in the expansion chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an installation for producing sulfuric acid. First of all, a product gas flow (5) containing sulfur dioxide is produced. The product gas flow (5) is supplied to a reaction chamber (1). A catalyst (3) is located in the reaction chamber (1). In the presence of the catalyst sulfur dioxide reacts to form sulfur trioxide. In further parts of the installation the resulting sulfur trioxide is converted to sulfuric acid. According to the invention, an oxidizing gas flow (6) is supplied to the reaction chamber (1) alternately with the product gas flow (5).

Abstract: Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is removed from carbon dioxide feed gas comprising SO2 as a contaminant by maintaining the carbon dioxide feed gas at an elevated pressure in contact with an alkaline sorbent for a period of time sufficient to react said alkaline sorbent with SO2. Where NOx, oxygen (O2) and water are also present, not only is the rate of reaction with the sorbent increased, but also additional SO2 is removed by conversion to sulfuric acid, and NOx is removed as nitric acid. The method has particular application in the removal of SO2 and NOx from flue gas produced by oxyfuel combustion of a hydrocarbon or carbonaceous fuel.

Abstract: Configurations herein include a novel process and apparatus for generating and maintaining sulfur trioxide gas. The generation system and process operate to provide sulfur trioxide calibration gas for calibrating sulfur trioxide detection devices. The system and process provides a known, concentration of sulfur trioxide gas via a heated catalyst, which enables accurate calibration of measurement equipment. The system functions in part by controlling temperature, amount of moisture, residence time, catalyst selection, diluting generated sulfur trioxide and by locating the sulfur trioxide generator at a point of injection of a sulfur trioxide detection system.