Abstract: A multi-bed process of removing sulfur oxides and/or other combustible sulfur-containing compounds from a gas stream including combusting the other combustible sulfur-compounds when present in the gas stream with air or oxygen to convert such sulfur-containing compounds to sulfur oxide and form a sulfur oxide enriched gas stream. The sulfur oxide enriched gas stream is contacted with first and second serially connected solid adsorbent beds for adsorbing the sulfur oxides in the form of inorganic sulfates and/or sulfur oxides. A third adsorbent bed is contacted with a reducing gas stream to regenerate the bed by reducing the retained inorganic sulfates and/or sulfur oxides to hydrogen sulfide and/or sulfur dioxide, to thereby form a hydrogen sulfide and/or sulfur dioxide bearing stream. The feeds to each of the beds are realigned to place the second and third beds in series with the sulfur oxide and/or sulfur dioxide enriched stream being fed to the second bed and to place the first bed in a regenerative mode.

Abstract: A continuous process for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from a gas stream using a membrane comprising a metal oxide deposited on a porous support is disclosed.

Abstract: Highly crystalline substituted stannosilicates are formed by reacting a tin salt with a source of silica and a source of germanium, aluminum, zinc, gallium, and a hydroxide of a Group IA or Group IIA metal or an amine or alkylammonium compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of hydrogen sulfide by reacting sulfur and hydrogen which comprises two hydrogenation reactions. The first hydrogenation reaction of the present invention comprises the steps of supplying hydrogen gas in a reactor containing sulfur at least a part of which is in a liquid phase at a temperature of not lower than 250.degree. C., and reacting the liquid sulfur and the hydrogen gas to produce a crude hydrogen sulfide effluent gas in the reactor. The sulfur vapor contained in the effluent gas is further reacted with fleshly added hydrogen gas in the second hydrogenation reaction to further concentrate the resulting hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: Solid catalyst substrates based on zirconium dioxide and, optionally, titanium dioxide and/or cerium dioxide, e.g., honeycombs or monoliths, are well adapted for the desulfurization and catalytic conversion of industrial gases containing contaminating amounts of objectionable sulfur compounds.

Abstract: Multilobar shaped catalyst particulates, e.g., tri- or quadrilobar particulates, well adapted for the catalytic conversion of gases containing compounds of sulfur, e.g. SO.sub.2, H.sub.2 S, COS and/or CS.sub.2, by the Claus reaction and/or by hydrolysis, are comprised of a catalytically effective amount of values catalytically active in the Claus reaction and/or reactions entailing hydrolysis of organosulfur compounds.

Abstract: The invention is a catalytic process for removing H.sub.2 S and hydrogen polysulfides from liquid sulfur. The process comprises mixing a heterocyclic compound with the liquid sulfur and removing the hydrogen sulfide from the liquid sulfur by contact with a gas which is inert to the liquid sulfur at the treating temperature.

Abstract: Catalysts susceptible to deactivation by free oxygen or to reactions involving free oxygen are protected by scavenging the oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst, so as to remove commingled oxygen from the reactants to be converted in the presence of the catalyst suscepticle to oxygen attack.

Abstract: The invention is a catalytic process for removing H.sub.2 S and hydrogen polysulfides from liquid sulfur. The process comprises mixing a heterocyclic compound with the liquid sulfur and removing the hydrogen sulfide from the liquid sulfur by contact with a gas which is inert to the liquid sulfur at the treating temperature.

Abstract: A process for removing HCN from gases, which may also contain a hydrogen halide, by hydrolysis in the presence of a supported metal from Group 3b and/or 4b, use being made of a silica-containing carrier or support.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of hydrogen polysulfide to hydrogen sulfide in liquid sulfur and removal of hydrogen sulfide from said liquid sulfur comprising a multistage process in which the sulfur is supplied to a holding zone, passed to a treatment zone where it is given multiple contact with a solid catalyst adapted to convert hydrogen polysulfide to hydrogen sulfide and removed from a third zone after treatment for hydrogen sulfide removal.Apparatus for carrying out the method is disclosed and described.

Abstract: Process and catalyst for the selective catalytic hydrolysis of the inorganic sulfur compounds COS and/or CS.sub.2 being present in CO containing process gases. The process gas is passed over an alkalized chromium oxide-aluminum oxide catalyst in the presence of H.sub.2 O.

Abstract: H.sub.2 S-containing gases are desulfurized by direct catalytic oxidation of the H.sub.2 S to elemental sulfur with an oxygen-containing gas at elevated temperatures by a method in which the catalyst used is a supported titanium dioxide catalyst containing from 0.1 to 25% by weight of nickel oxide and from 0 to 10% by weight of aluminum oxide, the percentages being based on the supported catalyst.

Abstract: Industrial waste gases containing objectionable/polluting compounds of sulfur, e.g., H.sub.2 S, SO.sub.2 and such organosulfur derivatives as COS, CS.sub.2 and mercaptans, are catalytically desulfurized, e.g., by Claus process, employing an improved catalyst comprising titanium dioxide and calcium, barium, strontium or magnesium sulfate.

Abstract: Process for hydrodesulfurizing a gas comprising together methane, at least one organic sulfur compound and oxygen, characterized by the step of passing a mixture of said gas with a hydrogen containing gas on a palladium catalyst at a temperature of 300.degree. to 450.degree. C.The gas usually comprises at least 2 mg/Nm.sup.3 of sulfur as organic sulfur and 0.05 to 2% by volume of oxygen.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus adaptable to continuous production of hydrogen sulfide by chemical reaction of sulfur with a gaseous sulfur-reducing reactant selected from methane or other hydrocarbons, hydrogen, carbon-containing compounds such as carbon disulfide, gases with high CO contents, e.g. from gasification of coal, or mixtures of such gases are provided utilizing a separately-fired sulfur heater to vaporize liquid sulfur feedstock. Adding steam with the sulfur reduces the temperature level requirements of the sulfur vapors and provides H.sub.2 and O.sub.2 for the hydrolysis reactions. Control of the temperature of the sulfur vapors and steam delivered into the system through the sulfur vaporizer is used to modulate sulfiding reaction temperatures. A major portion of the steam is introduced with the sulfur vapors; a minor portion of the steam can be added with the feedstock reductant gas to assist in heat recovery from the reaction product gases and to facilitate standby conditions.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic incineration of residual gases containing a low content of H.sub.2 S and/or SO.sub.2, organic compounds of sulfur such as COS, CS.sub.2, mercaptans and possibly vapor and/or vesicular sulfur, comprising a hydrogenation stage which transforms all the sulfur compounds into H.sub.2 S followed by a catalytic oxidation stage to transform H.sub.2 S into SO.sub.2.The catalyst used in the oxidation stage consists in a porous support, having a surface area of at least 5 m.sup.2 /g and containing, by weight, 50 to 100% of a product selected from the group comprising titanium or zirconium oxides, silica and zeolites, and 50 to 0% alumina, to which is associated one or several compounds of metals belonging to the group formed by Cu, Ag, Zn, Cd, Y, Lanthanides, V, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Sn and Bi. The use of such an oxidation catalyst leads to a practically quantitative yield of conversion of H.sub.2 S into SO.sub.

Abstract: Shaped titanium oxide catalysts/carriers useful, e.g., for sulfur recovery via Claus catalysis, are prepared by (i) intimately admixing powdered, poorly crystalline and/or amorphous titanium oxide, said titanium oxide powder being characterized by a weight loss on ignition ranging from 1 to 50%, water and from 0 to about 15% by weight of a shaping additive, (ii) next shaping the intimate admixture which results, and (iii) thence, optionally after drying, calcining the product shaped article.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus adaptable to continuous production of hydrogen sulfide from chemical reaction of sulfur with various gaseous sulfur-reducing reactants selected from hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon-containing compounds such as carbon disulfide, hydrogen, of mixtures of such gases are provided utilizing a fired process sulfur heater to vaporize liquid sulfur feed stock.Control of the temperature of the sulfur vapors and the amount of liquid sulfur feed are used to modulate sulfiding reaction temperatures.Viscosity of the liquid sulfur feed stock is modified by contact with product gases in order to facilitate flow rate control as liquid sulfur is pumped into the sulfur vaporizer where its temperature increases above about 300.degree. F.Steam for hydrolysis purposes is introduced with the sulfur vapors, to augment temperature modulation of the sulfiding reactions, and/or with the reductant gas to assist in heat recovery from the reaction product gases.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide are removed from a gas stream in a staged procedure characterized by conversion of the hydrogen sulfide to produce sulfur in aqueous solution, hydrolysis of the carbonyl sulfide remaining in the gas stream to produce hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, and removal of the hydrogen sulfide from the gas stream.

Abstract: A process for treating sulfide ores to reduce the sulfur content or recover the metal content therefrom comprises the use of enzymatic action to solubilize the sulfur and metal content.A nutrient, such as a saccharide, is used along with yeast spores which feed on the sugar and produce enzymes which act on sulfur in the sulfide ore to cause the sulfur to go into solution and to dissolve those metals which are soluble in strongly acidic solution. Sulfuric acid can be formed from the sulfide ores or from free sulfur by reaction with water, with evolution of hydrogen sulfide gas. Oxidation of at least a portion of the hydrogen sulfide can be achieved to regenerate sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A process for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from a gas stream is described, the process being characterized by removal of organic sulfur compounds also present in the stream and by an improved solvent flow.

Abstract: A method is provided wherein nickel molybdenum and cobalt molybdenum catalysts can be used in large scale sulfur hydrogenation reactors without runaway methanation and resulting exotherms while converting organic sulfur compounds to hydrogen sulfide in gas streams which contain significant quantities of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the prevention of carbonaceous deposits from forming on the surfaces of catalytic materials employed in the reduction of sulfur dioxide in a gas stream with a gaseous reductant to produce elemental sulfur by a process consisting essentially of preheating separately the sulfur dioxide gas stream to a temperature above the initiation temperature of the reduction reaction and the gaseous reductant stream to a temperature below the initiation temperature of the reduction reaction, preferably mixed with elemental sulfur vapor, rapidly mixing the two preheated streams just prior to their introduction into a reaction zone, passing the resulting mixture through the reaction zone under reaction conditions, including an initiation temperature, sufficient to effect reaction of said gaseous reductant with the sulfur dioxide and recovering a product stream containing elemental sulfur.

Abstract: An improved Claus tail gas recovery process involving stoichiometric combustion of a hydrocarbon gas when the hydrocarbon gas composition is not constant.

Abstract: Hydrogen-containing gas mixtures including saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon gases, carbon monoxide and organic sulfur contaminants are purified by passing them over a hydrogenation catalyst containing phosphorus with the addition of predetermined limited amounts of water. The process makes it possible to produce hydrogen-containing gases which can be used for hydrogenation processes with the elimination or reduction of carbon monoxide, olefins and organic sulfur, all brought about simultaneously by passing the gas mixture over the same catalyst and in the same reactor.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon is partially oxidized in the presence of steam and oxygen in a high temperature reducing flame zone to which sulfur is added in excess of the quantity of hydrogen and carbon monoxide formed to generate a second flame zone. The gas stream is rapidly cooled to prevent further reactions, then further cooled to condense sulfur to the extent of providing unreacted hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a molar excess over the residual sulfur present in the gas stream. The resultant gas stream is passed to a catalytic conversion zone where residual sulfur and carbonyl sulfide are converted to hydrogen sulfide. A formed gas stream free of sulfur and sulfur dioxide may be cooled to below the dew point of water to remove water prior to use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of processing residual gases containing sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur oxides and supplied from Claus plants or other surfur-producing installations, wherein the Claus plant is operated along or in connection with an ammonia decomposition plant in which ammonia-containing heated gases are directed through a decomposition zone which is free or filled with heat-resistant filler bodies or with a catalyst material, and the ammonia is decomposed into nitrogen and hydrogen and, thereupon, the gases are cooled and washed. The residual gases containing sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur oxides and ammonia-containing heated gases are fed to an ammonia decomposition chamber where the ammonia is decomposed into nitrogen and hydrogen and the residual gases react to produce a product gas enriched in hydrogen sulfide, the hydrogen for the reaction being supplied by the decomposition of ammonia.

Abstract: A feed gas containing one or more components selected from the class consisting of H.sub.2 S, SO.sub.2, SO.sub.3, COS, CS.sub.2, light mercaptans, and sulfur vapor is desulfurized by (a) hydrogenating and hydrolyzing essentially all non-H.sub.2 S sulfur components to H.sub.2 S, (b) oxidizing most of the H.sub.2 S in the resulting product gas to sulfur, and removing the latter by condensation, (c) oxidizing the residual H.sub.2 S to SO.sub.2, (d) absorbing essentially all the SO.sub.2 in an aqueous ammonia solution, (e) passing a portion of the SO.sub.2 -containing ammonia solution to step (a), and (f) discharging from step (d) a purified product gas essentially free of sulfur components.A feed gas, such as a stack gas, which contains only SO.sub.2 and SO.sub.3 components to be removed therefrom, may be treated in alternative embodiments of the invention involving the passage of all or a major proportion of the feed gas directly to absorption step (d).

Abstract: Conventionally H.sub.2 S laden gases are amine scrubbed, the H.sub.2 S sprung from the amine, converted to sulfur in the Claus process and the tail gas from the Claus process scrubbed in a tail gas facility such as Beavon-Stretford, Shell SCOT or IFP. The instant disclosure eliminates the aforementioned scrubbing processes by reducing SO.sub.2 in Claus tail gas with a hydrogen rich gas to H.sub.2 S and condensing water out of this reduced product. The dehydrated product having a lower sulfur level is compressed and admixed with other refinery gases in a refinery fuel gas mixing vessel and used as fuel in the refinery.

Abstract: The hydrolysis of carbon oxysulfide is catalyzed by piperazinone and alkyl-substituted piperazinones at ambient or below ambient temperatures. The hydrolysis step can be combined with a sour gas purification process in the treatment of refinery gases, coal gasification streams, and other such gases which contain COS and other acidic contaminants.

Abstract: A reducing gas stream containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and water, as steam, is passed through a molten sulfur to vaporize sulfur. The gas stream containing the vaporized sulfur is passed through a catalytic conversion zone where at a controlled temperature of from about 500.degree. to about 800.degree. F sulfur is converted to hydrogen sulfide. The introduced steam optionally coupled with a water quench following hydrogenation of sulfur serves to suppress carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide formation.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide with sulfur dioxide and water which comprises combining the carbon monoxide with a predetermined amount of sulfur dioxide and water to produce hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide; and passing the resulting mixture over a ceramic catalyst of the following empirical formula above about 200.degree. C.:w.sub.k X.sub.n J.sub.(1-k-n) ZO.sub.(3.+-.m')Wherein:W is zirconium, tin or thorium, or a mixture thereof;X is an alkaline earth metal or mixture thereof;J is scandium, yttrium, a rare-earth element or mixture thereof;Z is a metal of the first transition series or a mixture thereof, at least 0.01% of said metal having an oxidation state other than +3;k is a number having a value of between 0 and about 0.1;m' is a number having a value of from 0 to about 0.25, provided m' has a value other than 0 when n has a value of 0; andn is a number having a value from 0 to about 0.51, provided when n has a value of 0, k has a value of between 0 and about 0.05.

Abstract: A process is disclosed whereby NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x components contained in stack gases are simultaneously reduced to N.sub.2 and H.sub.2 S, respectively, by passing said stack gases (which also contain steam and usually some oxygen) over bituminous coke at between about 900.degree. and 1600.degree. F.

Abstract: A process for reducing the sulfur content of coke oven gas containing hydrogen sulfide, organo-sulfur compounds, and at least one inorganic carbon-sulfur compound, comprises treating the gas stream to remove most of the hydrogen sulfide and then catalytically hydrogenating and/or hydrolyzing the organo-sulfur and carbon-sulfur compounds at an elevated temperature and a partial hydrogen pressure of at least 10 psia, followed by extraction of the remaining and formed hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: A sulfur bearing carbonaceous fuel, particularly a low BTU gaseous fuel, is burned in a deficiency of air in the combustion zone of a boiler to form a reducing gas containing H.sub.2 and CO in an amount in excess of that required to reduce the generated SO.sub.x to H.sub.2 S and COS. The oxides of sulfur and nitrogen are, in part, converted to H.sub.2 S, N.sub.2 and/or NH.sub.3 during heat transfer in the boiler. The balance is passed through a catalyst chamber where sulfur species are converted to H.sub.2 S and oxides of nitrogen to N.sub.2 and/or NH.sub.3. The formed H.sub.2 S is extracted from the flue gas prior to venting to the atmosphere and recovered as free sulfur. Catalytic conversion is carried out at a temperature from about 300.degree. to 800.degree. F.

Abstract: A method for reducing sulfur dioxide wherein ammonia is used as the reducing agent. The reduction may be accomplished either thermally or catalytically and the principal products obtained will be elemental sulfur and/or hydrogen sulfide, depending principally upon the particular conditions and relative reactant concentrations actually employed. The sulfur dioxide may be derived from essentially any source. In a preferred embodiment, however, the sulfur dioxide will be derived from a flue gas stream and the same will be separated therefrom with an absorption process wherein ammonia (on an aqueous ammoniacal solution) is also used as the absorbent.

Abstract: Decrepitation of the catalyst occurring in the initial upstream portion of the catalyst bed of the reaction zone in a process for catalytically reducing sulfur dioxide to obtain elemental sulfur is avoided or minimized by employing as the catalyst in at least the initial upstream portion of the bed a supported sulfate of an iron group metal.

Abstract: A catalyst chamber capable of converting the oxides of sulfur to hydrogen sulfide and the oxides of nitrogen to inert nitrogen and ammonia in the presence of a reducing atmosphere is inserted downstream of the boiler section of a fossil fuel burning power generator and there is added a system for extracting formed hydrogen sulfide from the fuel gas stream.After combustion of the primary fuel, typically sulfur bearing coal in excess air, a gaseous hydrocarbon such as methane, is combined with the products of combustion to at least scavenge the oxygen present to form a boiler effluent which ranges from slightly oxidizing to reducing in nature.Where the boiler effluent is reducing in nature, partial conversion of the oxides of sulfur and the oxides of nitrogen occur in the boiler, the balance occurring in the catalyst chamber.

Abstract: The sulfur content of off-gases from processes such as the Claus process is treated by catalytically oxidizing the sulfur compounds to sulfur dioxide. By use of specific catalytic materials, low temperatures of reaction and minimal SO.sub.3 formation are achieved.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide and its precursors can be selectively sorbed from gas streams containing same by contacting the gas stream at elevated temperatures with a regenerable sorbent comprising a supported or unsupported lanthanum or rare earth metal component. Subsequent to sorption, the sorbent may be desorbed and regenerated by treatment with steam (desorption) and an oxidizing gas (regeneration). The sorbent capacity may be increased by the use of alkali or alkaline earth metal components as promoters.

Abstract: A sulfur dioxide containing gas stream is purified by passage through an absorber containing an aqueous absorption solution for sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide-laden aqueous absorption solution is continuously removed from the absorber. Approximately one-third is passed to a sulfur production zone. The balance of the solution is passed to a sulfur dioxide stripping zone where the sulfur dioxide is separated from the absorption solution which is returned to the absorber. The extracted sulfur dioxide is catalytically hydrogenated to hydrogen sulfide which is passed to the sulfur production zone for reaction with sulfur dioxide to form elemental sulfur. After the formation of elemental sulfur, the balance of the aqueous absorption solution essentially free of sulfur dioxide is returned to the absorber.

Abstract: The invention is a method for preparing hydrogen sulfide by reacting a gas mixture containing carbon monoxide with sulfur to provide a gas mixture containing carbonyl sulfide and reacting the gas mixture containing carbonyl sulfide with water in the vapor phase to provide a gas mixture containing hydrogen sulfide. The process is preferrably operated continuously. The water can be present in the step in which the carbon monoxide is reacted with the sulfur.

Abstract: Ammonia, hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen sulfide contained in gas streams are separated from the gas streams by contacting the gas stream with an aqueous solution containing free oxygen for a time sufficient for the ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen cyanide to react with the oxygen present to form ammonium thiocyanate and water for further treatment or disposal.One method of treatment is to thermally and catalytically convert for the ammonium thiocyanate to ammonia or nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide in the form of a second gas stream which is processed for recovery of any formed ammonia and the hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: An improved Claus off-gas treating process is disclosed where sulfur dioxide and other convertible sulfur compounds present in the off-gas are catalytically reduced to hydrogen sulfide by mixing said off-gases with the hot gaseous product of the combustion of a carbonaceous fuel with an oxygen-containing gas in a line burner to heat the off-gases to a temperature above 175.degree.C and passing the heated gaseous product together with a hydrogen-containing gas over a reduction catalyst thereby converting substantially all of the sulfur dioxide and other convertible sulfur compounds present to hydrogen sulfide which is subsequently removed with an absorbent or absorbent for hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: A continuous cyclic process and apparatus for removing sulfur dioxide (and if present, sulfur trioxide) from gases produced in the combustion of fossil fuels or in chemical and metallurgical processes by means of an aqueous absorption solution including potassium carbonate to absorb said oxides out of said gases whereby potassium carbonate is converted into potassium sulfite (sulfate). A two component, two stage molten process is employed to recover potassium carbonate for reuse in the absorption step and to liberate hydrogen sulfide which may be converted to elemental sulfur by well known methods.

Abstract: This application describes a process for the catalytic reduction of sulfur dioxide in gas streams containing sulfur dioxide to elemental sulfur using a reducing gas such as hydrogen or, preferably, carbon monoxide, and a catalyst of the formula xLa.sub.2 O.sub.3 . yCo.sub.2 O.sub.3, where x and y are varied independently from 1-3 (including non-integers). Novel catalyst compositions where x .noteq. y are also claimed.