Abstract: A cobalt oxide for a lithium secondary battery, a method of preparing the cobalt oxide; a lithium cobalt oxide for a lithium secondary battery formed from the cobalt oxide; and a lithium secondary battery having a positive electrode including the lithium cobalt oxide, the cobalt oxide having a tap density of about 2.8 g/cc to about 3.0 g/cc, and an intensity ratio of about 0.8 to about 1.2 of a second peak at 2? of about 31.3±1° to a first peak at 2? of about 19±1° in X-ray diffraction spectra, as analyzed by X-ray diffraction.

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery of the present disclosure is provided with a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolyte containing lithium ions.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a positive electrode additive and a preparation method thereof, a positive electrode plate and a lithium-ion secondary battery. The positive electrode additive comprises a modified lithium carbonate. The modified lithium carbonate comprises a lithium carbonate particle and a polymer coating. The polymer coating coats a surface of the lithium carbonate particle and comprises a polymer. The positive electrode additive of the present disclosure has low cost and simple preparation method, when the positive electrode additive is applied in lithium-ion secondary battery, it can significantly improve lithium-ion secondary battery safety performance without affecting electrical performance of the lithium-ion secondary battery.

Abstract: Provided is a precursor of a positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries which allows a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery to have excellent battery characteristics. A manganese composite hydroxide is obtained by adjusting the pH value of an aqueous solution for nucleation containing cobalt and/or manganese to 7.5 to 11.1 on the basis of a liquid temperature of 25° C. to form plate-shaped crystal nuclei, and adjusting the pH value of a slurry for particle growth containing the plate-shaped crystal nuclei to 10.5 to 12.5 on the basis of a liquid temperature of 25° C., and supplying a mixed aqueous solution including a metal compound containing at least manganese to the slurry, thereby performing particle growth of the plate-shaped crystal nuclei.

Abstract: Rapid, reversible redox activity may be accomplished at significantly reduced temperatures, as low as about 200° C., from epitaxially stabilized, oxygen vacancy ordered SrCoO2.5 and thermodynamically unfavorable perovskite SrCoO3-?. The fast, low temperature redox activity in SrCoO3-? may be attributed to a small Gibbs free energy difference between the two topotactic phases. Epitaxially stabilized thin films of strontium cobaltite provide a catalyst adapted to rapidly transition between oxidation states at substantially low temperatures. Methods of transitioning a strontium cobaltite catalyst from a first oxidation state to a second oxidation state are described.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a pulverulent compound of the formula NiaM1bM2cOx(OH)y where M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Zn, Cu and mixtures thereof, M2 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Al, Cr, B, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Si and mixtures thereof, 0.3?a?0.83, 0.1?b?0.5, 0.01?c?0.5, 0.01?x?0.99 and 1.01?y?1.99, wherein the ratio of tapped density measured in accordance with ASTM B 527 to the D50 of the particle size distribution measured in accordance with ASTM B 822 is at least 0.2 g/cm3·?m. The invention is also directed to a method for the production of the pulverulent compound and the use as a precursor material for producing lithium compounds for use in lithium secondary batteries.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a composite material comprising a functionalization of the substrate, which comprises treatment of said substrate with at least one first alcoholic solvent, functionalization of a first powder and formation of a first colloidal sol of said functionalized first powder in a second solvent, at least one application of a layer of said first colloidal sol of said first powder to the substrate, drying of said layer of said first colloidal sol and formation of a layer of first coating formed by said first colloidal sol, adherent to said substrate, by heating at a temperature above 50° C. and below 500° C.

Abstract: Process for preparing lithium mixed metal oxides which comprise essentially lithium, manganese, cobalt and nickel as metal atoms and have a stoichiometric ratio of lithium to the total transition metals of greater than 1, which comprises a) the preparation of a mixture designated as intermediate (B) which comprises essentially lithium-comprising mixed metal hydroxides and lithium-comprising mixed metal oxide hydroxides, where manganese, cobalt and nickel are comprised in the ratio (1-a-b):a:b and the oxidation state averaged over all ions of manganese, cobalt and nickel is at least 4-1.75a-1.75b, where 0?a?0.5 and 0.1?b?0.8, by a thermal treatment carried out with continual mixing and in the presence of oxygen of a mixture (A) comprising at least one transition metal compound and at least one lithium salt (L), during which L does not melt, and b) the thermal treatment carried out without mixing and in the presence of oxygen of the intermediate (B).

Abstract: Lithium metal oxides may be regenerated under ambient conditions from materials recovered from partially or fully depleted lithium-ion batteries. Recovered lithium and metal materials may be reduced to nanoparticles and recombined to produce regenerated lithium metal oxides. The regenerated lithium metal oxides may be used to produce rechargeable lithium ion batteries.

Abstract: A method is provided for the synthesis of a mesoporous lithium transition metal compound, the method comprising the steps of (i) reacting a lithium salt with one or more transition metal salts in the presence of a surfactant, the surfactant being present in an amount sufficient to form a liquid crystal phase in the reaction mixture (ii) heating the reaction mixture so as to form a sol-gel and (iii) removing the surfactant to leave a mesoporous product. The mesoporous product can be an oxide, a phosphate, a borate or a silicate and optionally, an additional phosphate, borate or silicate reagent can be added at step (i). The reaction mixture can comprise an optional chelating agent and preferably, the reaction conditions at steps (i) and (ii) are controlled so as to prevent destabilization of the liquid crystal phase. The invention is particularly suitable for producing mesoporous lithium cobalt oxide and lithium iron phosphate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cathode active material with whole particle concentration gradient for a lithium secondary battery, a method for preparing same, and a lithium secondary battery having same, and more specifically, to a composite cathode active material, a method for manufacturing same, and a lithium secondary battery having same, the composite cathode active material having excellent lifetime characteristics and charge/discharge characteristics through the stabilization of crystal structure as the concentration of a metal comprising the cathode active material shows concentration gradient in the whole particle, and having thermostability even in high temperatures.

Abstract: A nickel (Ni)-based positive electrode active material, a method of preparing the same, and a lithium battery using the Ni-based positive electrode active material.

Abstract: A system and method thereof are provided for multi-stage processing of one more precursor compounds into a battery material. The system includes a mist generator, a drying chamber, one or more gas-solid separators, and one or more in-line reaction modules comprised of one or more gas-solid feeders, one or more gas-solid separators, and one or more reactors. Various gas-solid mixtures are formed within the internal plenums of the drying chamber, the gas-solid feeders, and the reactors. In addition, heated air or gas is served as the energy source within the processing system and as the gas source for forming the gas-solid mixtures to facilitate reaction rate and uniformity of the reactions therein. Precursor compounds are continuously delivered into the processing system and processed in-line through the internal plenums of the drying chamber and the reaction modules into final reaction particles useful as a battery material.

Abstract: A method for preparing a positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery includes: a) providing a furnace and a crucible that is included in the furnace; b) putting a mixture of a composite metal precursor and a lithium compound into the crucible; and c) preparing a positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery by firing the mixture in the crucible, wherein during the process b), the mixture in the crucible is positioned so that a minimum distance from a predetermined position inside the mixture to an exterior of the mixture in the crucible is about 5 cm or less. A rechargeable lithium made by this method is disclosed.

Abstract: Catalysts for the decomposition of N2O into nitrogen and oxygen in the gas phase, which comprises a porous support composed of polycrystalline or vitreous inorganic material, a cerium oxide functional layer applied thereto and a layer of oxidic cobalt-containing material applied thereto are described. The catalysts can be used, in particular, as secondary or tertiary catalysts in nitric acid plants.

Abstract: An electrode active material including a lithium-transition metal complex oxide having a layered rock salt structure or spinel structure and a fluorine and nitrogen introduced therein. Also disclosed is an electrode active material production method including a nitrogen introduction step of synthesizing a lithium-transition metal complex oxide (c) having a layered rock salt structure or spinel structure and a fluorine and nitrogen introduced therein, by firing a material composition including a lithium-transition metal complex oxide (a) having a fluorine introduced therein and a nitriding agent (b) being represented by the formula (1) and being solid or liquid at ordinary temperature.

Abstract: A LiCoO2 film-forming precursor solution is a precursor solution used to form a LiCoO2 film which is used as a positive electrode material of a thin film lithium secondary battery. In this LiCoO2 film-forming precursor solution, an organic lithium compound and an organic cobalt compound are dissolved in an organic solvent. In addition, the organic lithium compound is a lithium salt of a carboxylic acid represented by a formula CnH2n+1COOH (wherein, 2?n?8).

Abstract: A compound MjXp which is particularly suitable for use in a battery prepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology wherein: Mj is at least one positive ion selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals and j is an integer representing the moles of said positive ion per moles of said MjXp; and Xp, a negative anion or polyanion from Groups IIIA, IV A, VA, VIA and VIIA and may be one or more anion or polyanion and p is an integer representing the moles of said negative ion per moles of said MjXp.

Abstract: A method of forming a powder MjXp wherein Mj is a positive ion or several positive ions selected from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or transition metal; and Xp is a monoatomic or a polyatomic anion selected from Groups IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA or VIIA; called complexometric precursor formulation or CPF. The method includes the steps of: providing a first reactor vessel with a first gas diffuser and an first agitator; providing a second reactor vessel with a second gas diffuser and a second agitator; charging the first reactor vessel with a first solution comprising a first salt of Mj; introducing gas into the first solution through the first gas diffuser, charging the second reactor vessel with a second solution comprising a salt of Mp; adding the second solution to the first solution to form a complexcelle; drying the complexcelle, to obtain a dry powder; and calcining the dried powder of said MjXp.

Abstract: A compound MjXp which is particularly suitable for use in a battery prepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology wherein: Mj is at least one positive ion selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals and j is an integer representing the moles of said positive ion per moles of said MjXp; and Xp, a negative anion or polyanion from Groups IIIA, IV A, VA, VIA and VIIA and may be one or more anion or polyanion and p is an integer representing the moles of said negative ion per moles of said MjXp.

Abstract: The present invention aims at providing lithium manganate having a high output and an excellent high-temperature stability. The above aim can be achieved by lithium manganate particles having a primary particle diameter of not less than 1 ?m and an average particle diameter (D50) of kinetic particles of not less than 1 ?m and not more than 10 ?m, which are substantially in the form of single crystal particles and have a composition represented by the following chemical formula: Li1+xMn2-x-yYyO4 in which Y is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg and Co; x and y satisfy 0.03?x?0.15 and 0.05?y?0.20, respectively, wherein the Y element is uniformly dispersed within the respective particles, and an intensity ratio of I(400)/I(111) thereof is not less than 33% and an intensity ratio of I(440)/I(111) thereof is not less than 16%.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing a lithium mixed transition metal oxide, comprising subjecting Li2CO3 and a mixed transition metal precursor to a solid-state reaction under an oxygen-deficient atmosphere with an oxygen concentration of 10 to 50% to thereby prepare a powdered lithium mixed transition metal oxide having a composition represented by Formula I of LixMyO2 wherein M, x and y are as defined in the specification. Therefore, since the high-Ni lithium mixed transition metal oxide having a given composition can be prepared by a simple solid-state reaction in air, using a raw material that is cheap and easy to handle, the present invention enables industrial-scale production of the lithium mixed transition metal oxide with significantly decreased production costs and high production efficiency.

Abstract: A method for making a composite of cobalt oxide is disclosed. An aluminum nitrate solution is provided. Lithium cobalt oxide particles are introduced into the aluminum nitrate solution. The lithium cobalt oxide particles are mixed with the aluminum nitrate solution to form a mixture. A phosphate solution is added into the mixture to react with the aluminum nitrate solution and form an aluminum phosphate layer on surfaces of the lithium cobalt oxide particles. The lithium cobalt oxide particles with the aluminum phosphate layer formed on the surfaces thereof are heat treated to form a lithium cobalt oxide composite. The lithium cobalt oxide composite is electrochemical lithium-deintercalated at a voltage of Vx, wherein 4.5V<Vx?5V to form a cobalt oxide. The present disclosure also relates to a cobalt oxide and a composite of cobalt oxide.

Abstract: Because of the composition represented by General Formula: Li1+x+?Ni(1?x?y+?)/2Mn(1?x?y??)/2MyO2 (where 0?x?0.05, ?0.05?x+??0.05, 0?y?0.4; ?0.1???0.1 (when 0?y?0.2) or ?0.24???0.24 (when 0.2<y?0.4); and M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Al, Ge and Sn), a high-density lithium-containing complex oxide with high stability of a layered crystal structure and excellent reversibility of charging/discharging can be provided, and a high-capacity non-aqueous secondary battery excellent in durability is realized by using such an oxide for a positive electrode.

Abstract: A method for producing an active material molded body includes molding a constituent material containing LiCoO2 in the form of a powder by compression, and then performing a heat treatment at a temperature of 900° C. or higher and lower than the melting point of LiCoO2.

Abstract: Provided is a cathode active material containing a Ni-based lithium mixed transition metal oxide. More specifically, the cathode active material comprises the lithium mixed transition metal oxide having a composition represented by Formula I of LixMyO2 wherein M, x and y are as defined in the specification, which is prepared by a solid-state reaction of Li2CO3 with a mixed transition metal precursor under an oxygen-deficient atmosphere, and has a Li2CO3 content of less than 0.07% by weight of the cathode active material as determined by pH titration. The cathode active material in accordance with the present invention and substantially free of water-soluble bases such as lithium carbonates and lithium sulfates and therefore has excellent high-temperature and storage stabilities and a stable crystal structure.

Abstract: Provided is a lithium mixed transition metal oxide having a composition represented by Formula I of LixMyO2 (M, x and y are as defined in the specification) having mixed transition metal oxide layers (“MO layers”) comprising Ni ions and lithium ions, wherein lithium ions intercalate into and deintercalate from the MO layers and a portion of MO layer-derived Ni ions are inserted into intercalation/deintercalation layers of lithium ions (“reversible lithium layers”) thereby resulting in the interconnection between the MO layers. The lithium mixed transition metal oxide of the present invention has a stable layered structure and therefore exhibits improved stability of the crystal structure upon charge/discharge. In addition, a battery comprising such a cathode active material can exhibit a high capacity and a high cycle stability.

Abstract: A method of producing a layered structure lithium mixed metal oxide, including a step of calcining a lithium mixed metal oxide raw material containing a transition metal element and a lithium element in a molar ratio of the lithium element to the transition metal element of 1 or more and 2 or less, in the presence of an inactive flux containing one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of a carbonate of M, a sulfate of M, a nitrate of M, a phosphate of M, a hydroxide of M, a molybdate of M, and a tungstate of M, wherein M represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Mg, Sr and Ba.

Abstract: The present invention provides a magnetoelectric material in which an electric property is capable of being controlled by a magnetic field or a magnetic property is capable of being controlled by an electric field, and a method of manufacturing the same. Particularly, the present invention provides a magnetoelectric material in which a distance between magnetic ions interacting with each other is controlled by using non-magnetic ions or alkaline earth metal ions, and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of preparing positive electrode materials for electrochemical cells and batteries. It relates, in particular, to a method for fabricating lithium-metal-oxide electrode materials for lithium cells and batteries. The method comprises contacting a hydrogen-lithium-manganese-oxide material with one or more metal ions, preferably in an acidic solution, to insert the one or more metal ions into the hydrogen-lithium-manganese-oxide material; heat-treating the resulting product to form a powdered metal oxide composition; and forming an electrode from the powdered metal oxide composition.

Abstract: LiCoO2 material comprises LiCoO2 particles obtainable by a process in which Co(OH)2 particles comprising essentially octahedral shape particles, or Co3O4 particles obtained from Co(OH)2 comprising essentially octahedral shape particles, or Co3O4 particles comprising essentially octahedral shape particles and lithium salt are heated. Also disclosed are Co(OH)2 particles and the Co3O4 particles. The LiCoO2 material can be used especially as a cathode material in Li-ion batteries.

Abstract: A lithium cobalt oxide powder for use as an active positive electrode material in lithium-ion batteries, the lithium cobalt oxide powder having a Ti content of between 0.1 and 0.25 mol %, and the lithium cobalt oxide powder having a density PD in g/cm3 dependent on the powder particle size expressed by the D50 value in ?m, wherein PD?3.63+[0.0153*(D50?17)].

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a positive electrode material having a large ratio of the discharge capacity around 4 V to the total discharge capacity including the discharge capacity at 4V or lower while making the discharge capacity around 4 V sufficient, for the purpose of providing a lithium secondary battery using a lithium transition metal phosphate compound excellent in thermal stability, utilizing the discharge potential around 4V (vs. Li/Li+) that is higher than the discharge potential of LiFePO4, and being advantageous with respect to the detection of the end of discharge state, and a lithium secondary battery using the same. The present invention uses a positive active material for a lithium secondary battery containing a lithium transition metal phosphate compound represented by LiMn1-x-yFexCoyPO4(0.1?x?0.2, 0<y?0.2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material comprising a lithium-containing composite oxide containing nickel with an oxidation state of 2.0 to 2.5 and manganese with an oxidation state of 3.5 to 4.0, the oxidation state determined by the shifts of energy at which absorption maximum is observed in the X-ray absorption near-K-edge structures, and to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the same, the positive electrode active material being characterized in having a high capacity, a long storage life and excellent cycle life.

Abstract: Nanowire synthesis and one dimensional nanowire synthesis of titanates and cobaltates. Exemplary titanates and cobaltates that are fabricated and discussed include, without limitation, strontium titanate (SrTiO3), barium titanate (BaTiO3), lead titanate (PbTiO3), calcium cobaltate (Ca3Co4O9) and sodium cobaltate (NaCo2O4).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for treating the particle surface of a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery, the method comprising (a) preparing a cathode active material having a lithium compound; (b) generating a plasma from a gas comprising at least one of a fluorine-containing gas and a phosphorus-containing gas as a part of a reactive gas; and (c) removing lithium impurities present on the particle surface of the cathode active material with the plasma. In accordance with the present invention, the amount of the lithium impurities present on the particle surface of the cathode active material can be reduced to suppress a side reaction of the lithium impurities and an electrolyte.

Abstract: Processes and compositions for multi-transition metal-containing cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. Processes encompass providing a composition which can be a mixture of molecular precursor compounds having the formulas [LiM(x+)(OR)1+x] and [Li2M(x+)(OR)2+x]. The metal atoms, M, can be Ni, V, Co, Mn, or Fe, and the —OR groups can be alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkenyloxy, siloxy, phosphinate, phosphonate, and phosphate. The compositions can be converted and annealed to provide cathode materials.

Abstract: Lithium-cobalt-containing molecular precursor compounds, compositions and processes for making cathodes for lithium ion batteries. The molecular precursor compounds are soluble and provide processes to make stoichiometric cathode materials with solution-based processes. The cathode material can be, for example, a lithium cobalt oxide, a lithium cobalt phosphate, or a lithium cobalt silicate. Cathodes can be made as bulk material in a solid form or in solution, or in various forms including thin films.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for lithium batteries includes secondary particles having primary particles and an amorphous material. A method of manufacturing the positive electrode active material includes mixing a lithium composite oxide and a lithium salt, and heat treating the mixture. A positive electrode includes the positive electrode active material, and a lithium battery includes the positive electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a process of making a Ni-based lithium transition metal oxide cathode active materials used in lithium ion secondary batteries. The cathode active materials are substantially free of Li2CO3 impurity and soluble bases.

Abstract: An electrode thin film to be used in an all-solid lithium battery is formed predominantly of lithium cobaltate and has a density larger than or equal to 3.6 g/cm3 and smaller than or equal to 4.9 g/cm3.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material having a lithium-excess lithium-transition metal composite oxide particle represented by the chemical formula Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2. The lithium-excess lithium-transition metal composite oxide particle has an inner portion (1) having a layered structure and a surface adjacent portion (2) having a crystal structure gradually changing from a layered structure to a spinel structure from the inner portion (1) toward the outermost surface portion (3). The layered structure and the spinel structure have an identical ratio of the amount of Mn and the total amount of Ni and Co.

Abstract: The invention relates to a powder compound of the formula NiaMbOx(OH)y, wherein M represents Co and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Zn, Al, Sr, Mg, or Ca and mixtures thereof, or M represents Co Mn and Fe, wherein 0.6?a<1.0, 0<b?0.4, 0<x?0.60, and 1.4?y<2, wherein the powder compound has a particle size distribution d50 value, measured in accordance with ASTM B 822, of <5 ?m, and wherein a ratio of tap density, measured in accordance with ASTM B 527, to the particle size distribution d50 value is at least 0.4 g/cm3. The invention also relates to a process for preparing the compound and its uses.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing a lithium mixed transition metal oxide, comprising subjecting Li2CO3 and a mixed transition metal precursor to a solid-state reaction under an oxygen-deficient atmosphere with an oxygen concentration of 10 to 50% to thereby prepare a powdered lithium mixed transition metal oxide having a composition represented by Formula I of LixMyO2 wherein M, x and y are as defined in the specification. Therefore, since the high-Ni lithium mixed transition metal oxide having a given composition can be prepared by a simple solid-state reaction in air, using a raw material that is cheap and easy to handle, the present invention enables industrial-scale production of the lithium mixed transition metal oxide with significantly decreased production costs and high production efficiency.

Abstract: An oxide represented by Formula 1: A2M1?xCxD2O7+???Formula 1 wherein, in Formula 1, x is in the range of 0.4?x?1.0; ? is selected such that the oxide electrically neutral; A is at least one metal selected from an alkaline earth metal; M is an alkaline earth metal that differs from A; C is a transition metal; and D is at least one selected from germanium (Ge) and silicon (Si).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery, in particular, including a lithium transition metal oxide with a layered crystalline structure in which the transition metal includes a transition metal mixture of Ni, Mn and Co, and an average oxidation number of all transition metals other than lithium is more than +3, and specific conditions represented by the following formulae (1) and (2), 1.1<m(Ni)/m(Mn)<1.5 and 0.4<m(Ni2+)/m(Mn4+)<1, are satisfied. The inventive cathode active material has a more uniform and stable layered structure by controlling the oxidation number of transition metals contained in a transition metal oxide layer to form the layered structure, compared to conventional substances. Accordingly, the active material exhibits improved overall electrochemical characteristics including battery capacity and, in particular, excellent high rate charge-discharge features.

Abstract: Provided is spinel-type lithium transition metal oxide (LMO) used as a positive electrode active material for lithium battery, said LMO being capable of simultaneously achieving all output characteristics (rate characteristics), high temperature cycle life characteristics, and rapid charging characteristics. The disclosed is spinel-type lithium transition metal oxide including, besides Li and Mn, one or more elements selected from a group consisting of Mg, Ti, Ni, Co, and Fe, and having crystallite size of between 200 nm and 1000 nm and strain of 0.0900 or less. Because the crystallite size is markedly large, oxygen deficiency is markedly little, and the structure is strong, when the LMO is used as a positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries, all output characteristics (rate characteristics), high temperature cycle life characteristics, and rapid charging characteristics can be achieved simultaneously.

Abstract: The present invention aims at providing lithium manganate having a high output and an excellent high-temperature stability. The above aim can be achieved by lithium manganate particles having a primary particle diameter of not less than 1 ?m and an average particle diameter (D50) of kinetic particles of not less than 1 ?m and not more than 10 ?m, which are substantially in the form of single crystal particles and have a composition represented by the following chemical formula: Li1+xMn2?x?yYyO4 in which Y is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg and Co; x and y satisfy 0.03?x?0.15 and 0.05?y?0.20, respectively, wherein the Y element is uniformly dispersed within the respective particles, and an intensity ratio of I(400)/I(111) thereof is not less than 33% and an intensity ratio of I(440)/I(111) thereof is not less than 16%.

Abstract: A method for producing a thermoelectric conversion material composed of a metal A having an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, a transition metal M, and oxygen O, and represented by AxMyOz, where x, y, and z are valences of the respective elements, includes the steps of: using a massive metal oxide as the thermoelectric conversion material and a salt in a solid, liquid or gaseous state; causing a diffusion reaction between the oxide and the salt; and forming the thermoelectric conversion material having aligned crystal orientation. A production apparatus includes a reactor into which the oxide and the salt are introduced, and a heating means for heating the oxide and the salt within the reactor to promote the diffusion reaction. Thereby, the thermoelectric conversion material having efficiency is produced more simply and at lower cost than a production of the single crystal.

Abstract: A lithium-transition metal complex compound has an nth order hierarchical structure in which n type structures represented by at least one unit of ath order units in a range of 1×10-(a+5) m to 10×10-(a+5) m exist in a complex form, wherein n is a natural number that is 2 or greater, and a is a natural number in a range of 1 to 5. The lithium-transition metal complex may be prepared by heat-treating a mixture including a lithium source, a transition metal source, and solvent in contact with a natural material having a hierarchical structure. A lithium battery includes an electrode including the lithium-transition metal complex compound having the nth order hierarchical structure. The lithium battery can have improved rapid charging characteristics, high power characteristics, and cycle characteristics.