Abstract: A honeycomb structure includes aluminum titanate and cell walls. The cell walls extend along a longitudinal direction of the honeycomb structure to form a plurality of cells between the cell walls. A porosity of the honeycomb structure is from about 40% to about 60%. In a binary image of substrate portions and pore portions of each of the cell walls, an area ratio (%) of the pore portions to a whole area in a rectangularly-divided image is in a range from (the porosity?about 25%) to (the porosity+about 25%). The binary image is converted from a microscopic image of a cross section of each of the cell walls in parallel with the longitudinal direction. The rectangularly-divided image is formed by dividing the binary image in a direction parallel to a thickness direction of each of the cell walls at a predetermined width.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are photocatalyst powder and a production method thereof, and by having photocatalyst particles corn binded without reduction of a specific surface area, the reduction of the specific surface area is nearly none while the pores are developed, as well as the absorption rate with respect to light is superior, the method of producing photocatalyst powder includes forming initial photocatalyst powder by molding nanoparticles of photocatalyst substance into a certain shape through extrusion, and splitting the initial photocatalyst powder into a plurality of photocatalyst powder by injecting the initial photocatalyst powder into a predetermined splitting solution, the initial photocatalyst powder being split into the plurality of photocatalyst powder by the predetermined spliting solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a developer for electrophotography which is superior in property of build up of electrification and in charge stability even in environments of high temperature and high humidity or in an environment of low temperature and low humidity where it is difficult for a developer to retain its electrostatic charge performance, and which can provide an image free from fogging and decrease in density for a long term, that is, a developer for electrophotography containing composite oxide particles which include metal titanate particles containing titanium as a first metal atom and a second metal atom and containing therein 0.009 to 0.350% by weight of a third metal atom selected from the group consisting of the metal atoms belonging to Group 5A of the long form of the periodic table of elements.

Abstract: Provided is spinel-type lithium transition metal oxide (LMO) used as a positive electrode active material for lithium battery, said LMO being capable of simultaneously achieving all output characteristics (rate characteristics), high temperature cycle life characteristics, and rapid charging characteristics. The disclosed is spinel-type lithium transition metal oxide including, besides Li and Mn, one or more elements selected from a group consisting of Mg, Ti, Ni, Co, and Fe, and having crystallite size of between 200 nm and 1000 nm and strain of 0.0900 or less. Because the crystallite size is markedly large, oxygen deficiency is markedly little, and the structure is strong, when the LMO is used as a positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries, all output characteristics (rate characteristics), high temperature cycle life characteristics, and rapid charging characteristics can be achieved simultaneously.

Abstract: The invention relates to nanomaterials and assemblies including, a micrometer-scale spherical aggregate comprising: a plurality of one-dimensional nanostructures comprising titanium and oxygen, wherein the one-dimensional nanostructures radiate from a hollow central core thereby forming a spherical aggregate.

Abstract: Highly dispersed lithium titanate crystal structures having a thickness of few atomic layers level and the two-dimensional surface in a plate form are supported on carbon nanofiber (CNF). The lithium titanate crystal structure precursors and CNF that supports these are prepared by a mechanochemical reaction that applies sheer stress and centrifugal force to a reactant in a rotating reactor. The mass ratio between the lithium titanate crystal structure and carbon nanofiber is preferably between 75:25 and 85:15. The carbon nanofiber preferably has an external diameter of 10-30 nm and an external specific surface area of 150-350 cm2/g. This composite is mixed with a binder and then molded to obtain an electrode, and this electrode is employed for an electrochemical element.

Abstract: A process for producing a piezoelectric oxide having a composition (A, B, C)(D, E, F)O3, where each of A, B, C, D, E, and F represents one or more metal elements. The composition is determined so as to satisfy the conditions (1), (2), (3), and (4), 0.98?TF(P)?1.01,??(1) TF(ADO3)>1.0,??(2) TF(BEO3)<1.0, and??(3) TF(BEO3)<TF(CFO3)<TF(ADO3),??(4) where TF(P) is the tolerance factor of the perovskite oxide, and TF(ADO3), TF(BEO3), and TF(CFO3) are respectively the tolerance factors of the compounds ADO3, BEO3, and CFO3.

Abstract: Methods are described that have the capability of producing submicron/nanoscale particles, in some embodiments dispersible, at high production rates. In some embodiments, the methods result in the production of particles with an average diameter less than about 75 nanometers that are produced at a rate of at least about 35 grams per hour. In other embodiments, the particles are highly uniform. These methods can be used to form particle collections and/or powder coatings. Powder coatings and corresponding methods are described based on the deposition of highly uniform submicron/nanoscale particles.

Abstract: A lithium-titanium complex oxide, which exhibits high effective capacity and high rate characteristics, has a particle size distribution as measured by the laser diffraction method such that the maximum particle size (D100) is 20 ?m or less, average particle size D50 is 1.0 to 1.5 ?m, total frequency of particles whose particle size is greater than twice the average particle size D50 is 16 to 25%, and preferably the specific surface area as measured by the BET method is 6 to 14 m2/g, and preferably the angle of repose is 35 to 50°.

Abstract: An electrode, free of added conductive agent, for a secondary lithium-ion battery with a lithium titanate as active material, and a secondary lithium-ion battery which contains the electrode.

Abstract: A lithium-titanium complex oxide manufactured by the solid phase method is suitable as an active material for a lithium ion secondary battery. The lithium-titanium complex oxide is characterized in that (a) the average particle size D50 based on granularity distribution measurement by the laser diffraction method is 0.5 to 1.0 ?m; (b) the maximum particle size D100 based on granularity distribution measurement by the laser diffraction method and maximum primary particle size d100 measured by observation using a scanning electron microscope have a ratio D100/d100 of 1.5 to 15; and (c) the equivalent sphere size DBET calculated from the specific surface area measured by the BET method and above D50 have a ratio D50/DBET of 3 to 7, and preferably the angle of repose is 35 to 50°.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for production of a composition comprising a perovskite structure compound, the process comprising: a first process to heat a hydrous oxide of at least one B group element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, and Sn at a temperature within a range of 80 to 300° C. in the presence of an aqueous medium so as to dehydrate the hydrous oxide; and a second process to heat a reaction product obtained in the first process and a hydroxide of at least one A group element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg and Pb at a temperature within a range of 100 to 300° C. in the presence of an aqueous medium. The process provides a composition comprising an ABO3 compound in the form of uniform and fine spherical particles which have an average particle diameter of 1 ?m or less, preferably within a range of 0.01 to 0.5 ?m, high crystallinity, and a controlled A/B ratio as desired, as well as few internal pores in the crystalline particles.

Abstract: A lithium-transition metal complex compound has an nth order hierarchical structure in which n type structures represented by at least one unit of ath order units in a range of 1×10-(a+5) m to 10×10-(a+5) m exist in a complex form, wherein n is a natural number that is 2 or greater, and a is a natural number in a range of 1 to 5. The lithium-transition metal complex may be prepared by heat-treating a mixture including a lithium source, a transition metal source, and solvent in contact with a natural material having a hierarchical structure. A lithium battery includes an electrode including the lithium-transition metal complex compound having the nth order hierarchical structure. The lithium battery can have improved rapid charging characteristics, high power characteristics, and cycle characteristics.

Abstract: The invention relates to nanomaterials and assemblies including, a micrometer-scale spherical aggregate comprising: a plurality of one-dimensional nanostructures comprising titanium and oxygen, wherein the one-dimensional nanostructures radiate from a hollow central core thereby forming a spherical aggregate.

Abstract: To provide a novel transparent conductive film using low-cost materials that can be stably supplied and have low toxicity, a method of manufacturing the same, a dye-sensitized solar cell, and a solid electrolyte battery. The transparent conductive film is formed by a sputtering method in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere using Li4Ti5O12 as a target. The transparent conductive film is a novel transparent conductive film, which contains Li, Ti, O, and N and has the TiN type crystal structure.

Abstract: Provided are a method for producing a novel conducting material which functions as an active material and has electron conductivity, the conducting material, and a battery. The conducting material has conductivity imparted by applying a high-frequency wave to a Li4Ti5O12 sintered body to change the chemical state of titanium. This conducting material is, for example, a target after carrying out RF magnetron sputtering in an atmosphere containing nitrogen with the use of a Li4Ti5O12 sintered body as a target.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided an active material. The active material includes a titanate oxide compound. The active material has a peak appearing in a range of 1580 cm?1 to 1610 cm?1 in the infrared diffusion reflective spectrum when pyridine is absorbed onto the active material and released from it, after that, the active material is subjected to measurement of the infrared diffusion reflective spectrum. Further, a relationship represented by the following formula (I) is satisfied: S1/S2?2.4 (I). Wherein S1 indicates an area of a peak appearing in a range of 1430 cm?1 to 1460 cm?1 in the spectrum, and S2 indicates an area of a peak appearing in a range of 1520 cm?1 to 1560 cm?1 in the spectrum.

Abstract: A method of preparing lithium titanate nanoparticles, the method including: feeding reactants including lithium and titanium into a reactor, followed by mixing the reactants in the reactor at a molecular level; and generating a crystal nucleus by chemically reacting the reactants in the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a potassium titanate adapted for a friction material of a friction slide member. The present invention includes the steps of uniformly mixing an aggregate or a granulation of a titanium compound and a potassium compound with a vibration rod mill to form a mixture and sintering the mixture for reaction one another in order to manufacture a desired potassium titanate with ease and low cost.

Abstract: A mixed solvent is prepared by dissolving acetic acid and lithium acetate in a mixture of isopropanol and water. This mixed solvent together with titanium alkoxide and carbon nanofiber (CNF) were introduced into a rotary reactor, the inner tube was rotated at a centrifugal force of 66,000 N (kgms?2) for 5 minutes to form a thin film of the reactant on the inner wall of the outer tube, and sheer stress and centrifugal force were applied to the reactant to allow promotion of chemical reaction, yielding CNF on which highly dispersed lithium titanate nanoparticle precursors are supported. The obtained composite powder was heated under nitrogen atmosphere at 900° C. for 3 minutes, yielding a composite powder in which highly dispersed lithium titanate nanoparticles are supported on CNF, wherein crystallization of lithium titanate was allowed to progress.

Abstract: The invention is to provide a process capable of producing aluminium magnesium titanate having a small coefficient of thermal expansion at a firing temperature lower than 1500° C. The production process of the invention comprises maintaining a pre-mixture containing a titania source powder, an alumina source powder, a magnesia source powder and a silica source powder within a temperature range of from 1100° C. to 1350° C. for at least 3 hours, followed by heating up to a temperature not lower than 1400° C. and firing at the temperature. The silica source powder is preferably a powder of alkali feldspar. Aluminium magnesium titanate is prepared according to the production process of the invention, and the resulting aluminium magnesium titanate is ground to give an aluminium magnesium titanate powder.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing a metal oxide or lithium-metal-oxide electrode comprises contacting a surface of the electrode, prior to cell assembly, with an aqueous or a non-aqueous acid solution having a pH greater than 4 but less than 7 and containing a stabilizing salt, for a time and at a temperature sufficient to etch the surface of the electrode and introduce stabilizing anions and cations from the salt into said surface. The structure of the bulk of the electrode remains unchanged during the acid treatment. The stabilizing salt comprises fluoride and at least one cationic material selected from the group consisting of ammonium, phosphorus, titanium, silicon, zirconium, aluminum, and boron.

Abstract: Process for preparing a lithium-containing mixed oxide powder, wherein a) a stream of a solution containing at least one lithium compound and at least one metal compound of one or more mixed oxide components in the required stoichiometric ratio is atomized by means of an atomizer gas to give an aerosol having an average droplet size of less than 100 ?m, b) the aerosol is reacted in a reaction space by means of a flame obtained from a mixture of fuel gas and air, with the total amount of oxygen being sufficient for at least complete reaction of the fuel gas and of the metal compounds, c) the reaction stream is cooled and d) the solid product is subsequently separated off from the reaction stream.

Abstract: Disclosed are: a novel lithium titanate; and a method for producing the novel lithium titanate. Specifically disclosed is a compound that has a chemical composition represented by the general formula (1): Li2Ti18O37, or the compound additionally containing copper and/or tin. The compound represented by the general formula (1) is synthesized by causing a lithium compound to react with a compound that has a chemical composition represented by the general formula (2): H2Ti12O25 in a liquid phase so that some of hydrogen ions contained in the compound represented by the general formula (2) are substituted by lithium ions, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation and thermal dehydration.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of Li4Ti5O12 by a novel, low-cost route from titanium tetrachloride. Material prepared by this new process has properties (such as purity, particle size and tap density) that are useful for good performance in a lithium ion battery.

Abstract: Provided is barium titanate based powder represented by Chemical Formula 1: (BaxR1r1R2r2)(TiyR3r3R4r4)O3??[Chemical Formula 1] wherein R1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of yttrium (Y) and lanthanoids; R2 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and strontium (Sr); R3 includes phosphorus (P) and niobium (Nb); R4 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), vanadium (V), chrome (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), zirconium (Zr) and tantalum (Ta); r1 and r3 independently represent a real number greater than 0 and equal to or less than 0.05; r2 and r4 independently represent a real number greater than 0 and equal to or less than 0.1; and (x+r1+r2)/(y+r3+r4) is a real number ranging from 0.85 to 1.15.

Abstract: A negative electrode active material includes lithium-titanium composite oxide porous particles having an average pore size of 50 to 500 ?.

Abstract: For the purpose of increasing the electric capacity of lithium secondary batteries comprising titanium-based negative electrode materials, the present invention aims to produce a titanium oxide compound whose crystal structure, crystallite size, specific surface area and primary particle size are controlled, and to provide a lithium secondary battery comprising such a compound. The present invention produces a lithium secondary battery by using, as an electrode active material, a titanium oxide compound for use in an electrode, which is represented by TiO2.(H2O)a.(A2O)b (wherein A is Na or K, a is 0<a=1, and b is 0<b=0.1) and has a main peak at 2?=20° to 30° and a minor peak at 2?=45° to 55° in its X-ray diffraction pattern, wherein the crystallite size determined from the main peak ranges from 40 ? more to 500 ? or less.

Abstract: Single crystal and polycrystal oxoruthenates having the generalized compositions (Baz,Sr1?z)FexCoyRu6?(x+y)O11 (1?(x+y)?5; 0?z?1) and (Ba,Sr)M2±xRu4?xO11 (M=Fe,Co) belong to a novel class of ferromagnetic semiconductors with applications in spin-based field effect transistors, spin-based light emitting diodes, and magnetic random access memories.

Abstract: A negative active material comprising lithium titanate oxide having an area ratio of a diffraction peak of a (111) plane that appears at 2?-18.3°±0.4 to a diffraction peak of a (311) plane that appears at 2?=35.5°±0.4, in an XRD spectrum, in the range of about 2.2:1 to about 5.5:1, a negative electrode comprising the negative active material, a lithium secondary battery comprising the negative electrode, and a method of preparing the negative active material.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a negative electrode active material includes a compound having a crystal structure of monoclinic titanium dioxide. The compound has a highest intensity peak detected by an X-ray powder diffractometry using a Cu-K? radiation source. The highest intensity peak is a peak of a (001) plane, (002) plane, or (003) plane. A half-width (2?) of the highest intensity peak falls within a range of 0.5 degree to 4 degrees.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a mixture for producing lithium titanium spinel Li4Ti5O12, having the step of mixing Li2CO3 and TiO2 in a vessel (1) in which at least one oblong element (2) with a first end (2a) and a second end (2b) is arranged such that the first end (2a) points towards an inner wall (1a) of the vessel (1) and is at a distance d from same, wherein the mixing step is carried out by allowing the vessel (1) to rotate and holding the oblong element (2) in its position, with the result that a relative movement takes place between the inner wall (1a) of the vessel (1) and the first end (2a) of the oblong element (2), wherein the distance d is kept constant during mixing. In addition, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of lithium titanium spinel Li4Ti5O12 from a thus-obtained mixture and its use as anode material in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.

Abstract: A negative electrode active material contains a metal-displaced lithium-titanium oxide of a ramsdellite structure expressed by the formula Li(16/7)?xTi(24/7)?yMyO8 (where M is at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, Mo, and W, and x and y are respectively numbers in the range of 0<x<16/7 and 0<y<24/7).

Abstract: A catalyst for reforming a hydrocarbon gas using carbon dioxide and/or water vapor to react while restraining the deposition of carbon contains a NiO—Sr2TiO4 solid solution in which NiO is dissolved in Sr2TiO4. The ratio of NiO in the NiO—Sr2TiO4 solid solution is preferably of 2.2 to 13.5 parts by mol relative to 100 parts by mol of Sr2TiO4. A catalyst which can contain SrTiO3, SrCO3, and fine grains of Ni and/or NiO are also described. A method of manufacturing the same, and a method of manufacturing a synthesized gas.

Abstract: A solid acid catalyst represented by HTixNbyO5 wherein x is 1.1<x<1.2 and y is 0.9>y>0.8, having a Ti/Nb atomic ratio z of 1<z<1.5, and has been produced by subjecting a cation exchangable lamellar metal oxide composed of polyanion nano-sheets comprising lamellar metal oxide layers of titanium niobate being arranged regularly while sandwiching an alkali metal cation between them to the proton exchange of the alkali metal cation by the use of an inorganic acid or an organic acid prepared into a 0.0001M to 1M solution, and then inserting a cation selected from the group consisting of an organic amine and an organic ammonium between the resulting proton exchanged layers, to thereby delaminate the laminated layers temporarily and prepare an aqueous colloidal solution comprising metal oxide sheets having the organic amine or organic ammonium adsorbed thereon, and then adding an inorganic acid or an organic acid prepared into a 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to lithium manganate particles having a primary particle diameter of 1 to 8 ?m and forming substantially single-phase particles, which have a composition represented by the following chemical formula: Li1+xMn2-x-yY1yO4+Y2 in which Y1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mg, Fe, Al, Cr and Ti; Y2 is P and is present in an amount of 0.01 to 0.6 mol % based on Mn; and x and y satisfy 0.03?x?0.15 and 0.05?y?0.20, respectively, and which lithium manganate particles have a specific surface area of the lithium manganate particles of 0.3 to 0.9 m2/g (as measured by BET method); and have an average particle diameter (D50) of the lithium manganate particles of 3 to 10 ?m. A positive electrode active substance of a lithium ion secondary battery using the lithium manganate particles of the present invention has a high output and is excellent in high-temperature stability.

Abstract: A unique combination of solution stabilization and delivery technologies with special ALD operation is provided. A wide range of low volatility solid ALD precursors dissolved in solvents are used. Unstable solutes may be stabilized in solution and all of the solutions may be delivered at room temperature. After the solutions are vaporized, the vapor phase precursors and solvents are pulsed into a deposition chamber to assure true ALD film growth.

Abstract: A process for producing a lithium-containing composite oxide for a positive electrode active material for use in a lithium secondary battery, the oxide having the formula LipQqNxMyOzFa (wherein Q is at least one element selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, niobium and tantalum, N is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn and Ni, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, alkaline earth metal elements and transition metal elements other than Q and N, 0.9?p?1.1, 0?q<0.03, 0.97?x?1.00, 0?y<0.03, 1.9?z?2.1, q+x+y=1 and 0?a?0.02), which comprises firing a mixture of a lithium, Q element source and N element sources, and an M element source and/or fluorine source when these elements are present, in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, wherein the Q element source is a Q element compound aqueous solution having a pH of from 0.5 to 11.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing barium titanate, which comprises: dissolving BaCl2.2H2O into TiCl4 solution to prepare Ba—Ti mixed solution with a Ba/Ti mol ratio of 1:1; adding ammonia and ammonium bicarbonate into deionized water to prepare synthetic agent with a NH4OH/NH4HCO3 mol ratio of 5:1; adding Ba—Ti mixed solution and synthesis agent into a reactor for synthesis to obtain a slurry; pressure filtering, thermal washing and then pressure filtering, to obtain a filter cake; calcining the filter cake for 1 hour at 590-610° C., followed by further calcining for 2 hours at 700-950° C.; crushing the obtained solid produced by a crusher, and thereby obtaining barium titanate. The obtained barium titanate is spherical, and has a narrower particle size distribution. The method reduces costs.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to the field of lithium-ion batteries. It is more specifically directed to electrode materials used in lithium ion batteries, electrodes including the materials, devices incorporating the electrodes and related methods of manufacture. In a composition aspect of the present invention, a composition comprising at least 50 mg of Li4Ti5O12 or doped Li4Ti5O12 is provided. The Li4Ti5O12 or doped Li4Ti5O12 is made using a thermal spray process, and is greater than 95% spinel crystal form. The BET surface area of the Li4Ti5O12 or doped Li4Ti5O12 is greater than 1 m2/g.

Abstract: A negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery that includes, as a negative active material, a lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) compound containing 0.004 parts by weight or less of phosphorous (P) and 0.007 parts by weight or less of potassium (K) based on 100 parts by weight of lithium titanate, a binder, and a conductive agent, and a lithium secondary battery including the negative electrode.

Abstract: A method for transferring inorganic oxide nanoparticles from aqueous phase to organic phase. A modifier is used to change the surface polarity of inorganic oxide nanoparticles, followed by using proper solvents to transfer the modified inorganic oxide nanoparticles form aqueous phase to organic phase. The organic dispersion of modified inorganic oxide nanoparticles can be combined with a polymer to provide a polymer composite with the nanoparticles uniformly dispersed therein.

Abstract: There are provided a catalyst for reverse shift reaction which has excellent durability at a high temperature, can suppress generation of a methanation reaction, and can efficiently generate a reverse shift reaction to produce a synthesis gas including carbon monoxide and unreacted hydrogen with a reduced methane content, and a method for producing a synthesis gas using the catalyst for reverse shift reaction. The composition of the catalyst for the reverse shift reaction includes a composite oxide containing at least one alkali earth metal selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr and Ba and at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of Ti and Zr. A raw material gas containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen is contacted with the catalyst for reverse shift reaction at a temperature of 700° C. or higher.

Abstract: There are provided a method of manufacturing a ceramic powder having a perovskite structure and a ceramic powder having a perovskite structure manufactured by the same. The method includes: mixing a compound of an element corresponding to site A in an ABO3 perovskite structure as well as a compound of an element corresponding to site B in the same structure, with supercritical water in a continuous mode to form seed crystals; and mixing the seed crystals in a batch mode to conduct grain growth thereof.

Abstract: A catalytic material which includes a metal oxide catalyst anchored to a nano-sized metal oxide crystal as support and functions well at low temperatures. The catalytic material may optionally include another metal oxide as a promoter deposited on the surface of the support to modify the properties of the metal oxide catalyst and/or the properties of the support. The catalyst may be vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide or molybdenum oxide; the support may be TiO2, SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, or WO3; and the promoter may be vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide or molybdenum oxide. The present invention also provides a method of producing the catalytic materials, which is useful in removing ammonia and other nitrogen containing contaminants.

Abstract: A potassium titanate, method for manufacturing the potassium titanate, a friction material using the potassium titanate and a resin composition using the potassium titanate are disclosed. The potassium titanate is represented by K2TinO(2n+1) (n=4.0-11.0) and has the highest X-ray diffraction intensity peak (2?) in the range of 11.0°-13.5° with its half width being not less than 0.5°.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oxide catalyst and a phosphoric oxide catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking, method for preparing the same and a method for preparing olefin by using the same. More precisely, the present invention relates to an oxide catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking represented by formula 1 and a phosphoric oxide catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking represented by formula 3 which would be used for the production of olefin such as ethylene and propylene by hydrocarbon steam cracking, and a method for preparing the same. The present invention provides an oxide catalyst and a phosphoric oxide catalyst for hydrocarbon steam cracking that has excellent thermo-stability at high temperature and improved olefin yield. CrZrjAkOx??[Formula 1] CrZrjAkPlOx??[Formula 3] Wherein, j, k, l and x are as indicated in the description.

Abstract: A method of hydrothermally synthesizing sapphire single crystals doped with trivalent metal ions in a crystal-growth autoclave including a crystal-growth zone and nutrient-dissolution zone in fluid communication with the crystal-growth zone is provided. Implementations of the method including situating within the crystal-growth zone at least one sapphire-based seed crystal and situating within the nutrient-dissolution zone an aluminum-containing material to serve as nutrient. An acidic, trivalent-metal-ion-containing growth solution is introduced into the cavity in a quantity sufficient, at least when heated to a predetermined average temperature, to immerse the at least one seed crystal and the nutrient in the growth solution. The growth solution is selected such that sapphire exhibits retrograde solubility therein and the growth process is carried out while maintaining an interior-cavity pressure within a range between and including each of 3.

Abstract: A process comprises (a) combining (1) at least one base and (2) at least one metal carboxylate salt comprising (i) a metal cation selected from metal cations that form amphoteric metal oxides or oxyhydroxides and (ii) a carboxylate anion comprising from one to four alkyleneoxy moieties, or metal carboxylate salt precursors comprising (i) at least one metal salt comprising the metal cation and a non-interfering anion and (ii) at least one carboxylic acid comprising from one to four alkyleneoxy moieties, at least one salt of the carboxylic acid and a non-interfering, non-metal cation, or a mixture thereof; and (b) allowing the base and the metal carboxylate salt or metal carboxylate salt precursors to react.

Abstract: A method for making a mono-dispersed metal titanate includes the steps of: (a) mixing titanate ester, metal salt, and rare earth metal salt in a molar ratio of 1:1:x in a reaction medium comprised of ethanol and water to form a solution, wherein x is in the range from 0 to 0.1; (b) heating the solution, under an alkaline condition to form a white sediment; (c) filtering out liquid part of the solution to obtain the white sediment, (d) washing the white sediment, and (e) drying the white sediment to obtain mono-dispersed metal titanate.