Abstract: A lithium secondary battery of the present invention includes: a positive electrode containing a positive active substance capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium; a negative electrode containing a negative active substance capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium; and an electrolyte having lithium conductivity, wherein the positive active substance contains an oxide including lithium and transition metal, and a composition ratio among the lithium, the transition metal and oxygen in the oxide is in at least one selected from the following states:

Abstract: A number of materials with the composition Li1+xNi&agr;Mn&bgr;Co&ggr;M′&dgr;O2−zFz (M′=Mg,Zn,Al,Ga,B,Zr,Ti) for use with rechargeable batteries, wherein x is between about 0 and 0.3, &agr;is between about 0.2 and 0.6, &bgr; is between about 0.2 and 0.6, &ggr; is between about 0 and 0.3, &dgr; is between about 0 and 0.15, and z is between about 0 and 0.2. Adding the above metal and fluorine dopants affects capacity, impedance, and stability of the layered oxide structure during electrochemical cycling.

Abstract: The positive electrode active material in accordance with the present invention is used for a positive electrode for a lithium-ion secondary battery, includes Li, Mn, Ni, Co, and O atoms, and has a substantially halite type crystal structure. Specifically, it is preferably expressed by LiaMnbNicCodOe, where a is 0.85 to 1.1, b is 0.2 to 0.6, c is 0.2 to 0.6, d is 0.1 to 0.5, and e is 1 to 2 (the sum of b, c, and d being 1). Because of such composition and crystal structure, the positive electrode active material of the present invention reduces the amount of elution of the battery into the liquid electrolyte and enhances the stability at a high temperature.

Abstract: The invention is directed to open-framework and microporous solids well suited for use in catalysis and ion exchange. The microporous solids are constructed by using a salt template which can be readily removed without destroying the framework of the micropore. Various microporous solids can be formed having different geometric structures depending upon the templating salt used and the concentration. Examples of two compounds include Na2Cs[Mn3(P2O7)2]Cl and K2.02Cs2.90[Cu3(P2O7)2]Cl2.92. Both compounds have 3-D (Mn,Cu)—P—O frameworks.

Abstract: A process method for producing a lithium based mixed oxide of the formula LiM′x . . . Oy through the steps of combining a lithium oxide with a second oxide having the base metal element (M′) at room temperature; and applying to the combination, a high energy milling process, wherein the high energy milling process obtains, without the addition of substantial external heat being added to the synthesis, a chemical synthesis of a composite oxide of the above formula, having crystallites of nanometer dimension.

Abstract: Provided are a cathode active material and a secondary battery both having a higher capacity and superior cycle characteristics and capable of obtaining a sufficient discharge capacity during large current discharge. A cathode (21) and an anode (22) with a separator (23) in between are spirally wound. The cathode (21) comprises a highly stable complex oxide LixNi1-y-zMnyMIzO2 and a highly conductive complex oxide Li8MII1-t-uMntMIIIuO2. Each of MI and MIII includes at least one kind selected from the group consisting of elements in Group 2 through Group 14, and MII includes at least one kind selected from the group consisting of Ni and Co, and the values of x, y, z, s, t and u are within a range of 0.9≦x<1.1, 0.25≦y≦0.45, 0.01≦z≦0.30, 0.9≦s<1.1, 0.05≦t≦0.20, and 0.01≦u≦0.10, respectively.

Abstract: To provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which the amount of Li deposited is small and the battery surface temperature does not increase so much, a positive electrode active material comprising crystal particles of an oxide having a layered single-phase crystal structure and a composition represented by the formula (1): LiNi2/3Mn1/3O2, wherein the arrangement of oxygen atoms constituting the oxide is a cubic close-packed structure is used.

Abstract: Provided are a cathode material capable of achieving a higher discharge capacity and a higher discharge voltage, and obtaining superior charge-discharge characteristics, and a battery using the cathode material. A separator (15) is disposed between a cathode (12) and an anode (14). The cathode (12) comprises a lithium composite oxide represented by LiaMIbMIIcOd. MI represents at least two kinds selected from the group consisting of Mn, Ni and Co, and MII represents at least one kind selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti, Mg and B. Further, a, b, c and d are within a range satisfying 1.0<a<1.5, 0.9<b+c<1.1, a>b+c, 1.8<d<2.5, respectively. When lithium is excessively included, the charge capacity can be improved, and even after charge, a certain amount of lithium remains in the crystalline structure of the lithium composite oxide, so the stability of the crystalline structure can be improved.

Abstract: To electrolydeposited manganese dioxide of which pH being adjusted to a range higher than 2 with either a sodium compound or a potassium compound, a raw lithium material and a compound containing any element selected from a group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, calcium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc to substitute a part of the manganese contained in the electrodeposited manganese dioxide with at least one element selected from the group described above, admixed and then burned.

Abstract: This invention relates to electrodes for non-aqueous lithium cells and batteries with silver manganese oxide positive electrodes, denoted AgxMnOy, in which x and y are such that the manganese ions in the charged or partially charged electrodes cells have an average oxidation state greater than 3.5. The silver manganese oxide electrodes optionally contain silver powder and/or silver foil to assist in current collection at the electrodes and to improve the power capability of the cells or batteries. The invention relates also to a method for preparing AgxMnOy electrodes by decomposition of a permanganate salt, such as AgMnO4, or by the decomposition of KMnO4 or LiMnO4 in the presence of a silver salt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing lithium metal oxides, comprising at least one annealing stage. The inventive method is characterized in that at least one annealing stage consists of a treatment with microwave energy.

Abstract: The invention provides a lithium manganese oxide spinel suited as a cathode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries showing excellent high-temperature cycling behavior. The lithium manganese oxide is represented by the following general formula (1): Li1+&agr;Mn2−&agr;−yMyO4−&dgr; wherein O≦&agr;≦0.5, 0.005≦y≦0.5, −0.1≦&dgr;÷0.1, and M represents a metal element other than Li and Mn, and which shows the ratio of a main peak intensity at 5±40 ppm to a main peak intensity at 525+40 ppm (I0ppm/I500ppm), each intensity being obtained by 7Li-NMR measurement according to the following measuring method, falling within the following range: I0ppm/I500ppm≦0.65y+0.02.

Abstract: Corrosion-inhibiting pigments based on manganese are described that contain a trivalent or tetravalent manganese/valence stabilizer complex. An inorganic or organic material is used to stabilize the trivalent or tetravalent manganese ion to form a compound that is sparingly soluble, exhibits low solubility, or is insoluble in water, depending upon the intended usage. Specific stabilizers are chosen to control the release rate of trivalent or tetravalent manganese during exposure to water and to tailor the compatibility of the powder when used as a pigment in a chosen binder system. Stabilizers may also modify the processing and handling characteristics of the formed powders. Manganese/valence stabilizer combinations are chosen based on the well-founded principles of manganese coordination chemistry. Many manganese-valence stabilizer combinations are presented that can equal the performance of conventional hexavalent chromium or tetravalent lead systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to additive, pigment or colorant materials which may be used for laser marking. The materials comprise oxides of bismuth and at least one additional metal. Preferred laser-markable bismuth-containing oxide compounds are of the formula BixMyOz, where M is at least one metal selected from Zn, Ti, Fe, Cu, Al, Zr, P, Sn, Sr, Si, Y, Nb, La, Ta, Pr, Ca, Mg, Mo, W, Sb, Cr, Ba and Ce, x is from about 0.3 to about 70, y is from about 0.05 to about 8, and z is from about 1 to about 100. The bismuth-containing material may be dispersed in a substrate which is subsequently irradiated by a laser to provide a contrasting mark in the irradiated region.

Abstract: A lithium metal oxide positive electrode for a non-aqueous lithium cell is disclosed. The cell is prepared in its initial discharged state and has a general formula xLiMO2.(1−x)Li2M′O3 in which 0<x<1, and where M is one or more ion with an average trivalent oxidation state and with at least one ion being Mn or Ni, and where M′ is one or more ion with an average tetravalent oxidation state. Complete cells or batteries are disclosed with anode, cathode and electrolyte as are batteries of several cells connected in parallel or series or both.

Abstract: A lithium metal oxide positive electrode for a non-aqueous lithium cell is disclosed. The cell is prepared in its initial discharged state and has a general formula xLiMO2.(1-x)Li2M′O3 in which 0<x<1, and where M is one or more trivalent ion with at least one ion being Mn or Ni, and where M′ is one or more tetravalent ion. Complete cells or batteries are disclosed with anode, cathode and electrolyte as are batteries of several cells connected in parallel or series or both.

Abstract: The present invention provides a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having the positive electrode active material. The positive electrode active material includes a complex oxide wherein said complex oxide is substantially amorphous and comprises Mn and M; where M is selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Al, Mg, Si, Sc, Ti, Zn, Ga, Ge, Nb, Rh, Pd and Sn; and the molar weighted sum of oxidation states of elements except for oxygen is more than 3.8 and not greater than 4.2. More preferably, a mole ratio of Mn and M (Mn:M) is in a range of 99:1˜70:30.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cathode electroactive material comprising a composite oxide comprising &bgr;-MnO2 and a spinel oxide predominantly comprising lithium, manganese, and oxygen. The present invention provides a process for producing said material, which process comprises acid treatment of a composite oxide comprising a spinel oxide predominantly comprising lithium, manganese, and oxygen, and heat treatment of the resultant composite oxide at a temperature of about 200° C. or higher and lower than about 400° C. The thus-produced oxide is employed as a cathode electroactive material in a non-aqueous secondary cell.

Abstract: A high-performance spinel-type lithium-manganese oxide for use as a material for a positive electrode of a Li secondary battery with inhibited Mn dissolution in an organic electrolyte, which is represented by the following formula: {Li}[Lix.My.Mn(2−x−Y)]O4+d wherein { } represents the oxygen tetrahedral sites in the spinel structure and [ ] represents the oxygen octahedral sites in the spinel structure, 0<x≦0.33, 0<y≦1.0, −0.5<d<0.8, and M represents at least one heteroelement other than Li and Mn, is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing a positive electrode material of Li-ion secondary batteries is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing a positive electrode material adapted to the Li-ion secondary batteries is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing a barium-containing composite metal oxide, comprising calcining a mixture of a barium compound and a metal compound comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, europium, manganese, strontium, calcium, terbium, zinc and titanium, or calcining a barium-containing composite metal salt comprising barium and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, europium, manganese, strontium, calcium, terbium, zinc and titanium, in a gas comprising a hydrogen halide and water vapor.

Abstract: Corrosion-inhibiting pigments based on manganese are described that contain a heptavalent (permanganate), hexavalent (manganate), or pentavalent (manganate) compound. An inorganic or organic material is used with the heptavalent, hexavalent, or pentavalent manganese ion to form a compound that is sparingly soluble in water. Specific solubility control cations are chosen to control the release rate of heptavalent, hexavalent, or pentavalent manganese during exposure to water and to tailor the compatibility of the powder when used as a pigment in a chosen binder system. Solubility control agents may also modify the processing and handling characteristics of the formed powders. Many permanganate or manganate compounds are presented that can equal the performance of conventional hexavalent chromium systems. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for manufacturing a lithiated or overlithiated transition metal oxide comprising the following three steps, carried out successively or in a simultaneous manner: preparation of a solution of lithium alkoxide by dissolving lithium metal in an alcohol, the said alcohol being chosen among the alcohols originating from linear or ramified alkanes comprising at least three carbon atoms, the alcohols originating from unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbides, and mixtures of them; addition of a transition metal oxide powder to the said lithium alkoxide solution to obtain a dispersion; controlled reduction of the said transition metal oxide by the said alkoxide to obtain a lithiated or overlithiated transition metal oxide with a defined Li:Metal stoichiometry; the said process also comprising the following steps: evaporation of the residual alcohol, rinsing of the powder thus obtained, drying of the powder.

Abstract: A method for continuously calcinating product to form mixed metal oxide powders comprising providing a continuously operated indirectly heated rotary furnace having a heating cavity, introducing raw feedstock including product to be calcined into the heating cavity of the furnace while the heating cavity is maintained at temperature, and maintaining a controlled atmosphere in the heating cavity during the heating of the feedstock, and discharging and recovering the mixed metal oxide powders.

Abstract: This patent describes economical and environment-friendly processes for the synthesis of Mg-containing non-Al anionic clays. It involves a one-step process wherein a suspension comprising a trivalent metal source and at least a magnesium containing source as a divalent metal source is reacted to obtain a magnesium-containing non-Al anionic clay. The anionic clay has interlayers containing anions comprising hydroxycarbonate, carbonate, bicarbonate, acetate, hydroxyacetate, oxalate, nitrate, hydroxyl, and/or formate or mixtures thereof. There is no necessity to wash or filter the product. It can be spray dried directly to form microspheres or can be extruded to form shaped bodies. The product can be combined with other ingredients in the manufacture of catalysts, absorbents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, and other commodity products that contain anionic clays.

Abstract: An active manganese dioxide electrode material that exhibits improved electrochemical performances compared with conventional manganese dioxide materials includes at least one dopant. The doped manganese dioxide electrode materials may he produced by a wet chemical method (CMD) or may be prepared electrolytically (EMD) using a solution containing manganese sulfate, sulfuric acid, and a dopant, wherein the dopant is present in an amount of at least about 25 ppm.

Abstract: The cathode of a primary alkaline battery is composed of electrode grade manganese dioxide containing Zr.

Abstract: A catalytic composition and method of making the same in which a catalytic material has an average pore size distribution sufficiently large to substantially prevent capillary condensation.

Abstract: A powder of lithiated manganese oxide has an average particle diameter preferably less than about 250 nm. The particles have a high degree of uniformity and preferably a very narrow particle size distribution. The lithiated manganese oxide can be produce by the reaction of an aerosol where the aerosol comprises both a first metal (lithium) precursor and a second metal (manganese) precursor. Preferably, the reaction involves laser pyrolysis where the reaction is driven by heat absorbed from an intense laser beam.

Abstract: A cathode composition for lithium ion and lithium metal batteries includes a transitional metal oxide, the transitional metal oxide comprising a plurality of compositionally defective crystals. The defective crystals have an enhanced oxygen content as compared to a bulk equilibrium counterpart crystal. An oxygen-rich lithium manganese oxide composition can provide an improved cathode which allows formation of rechargeable batteries having enhanced characteristics. Cathodes can exhibit high capacity (>150 mAh/gm), long cycle life (less than 0.05% capacity loss per cycle for 700 cycles), and high discharge rates (>25 C for a 25% capacity loss).

Abstract: A positive electrode for a non-aqueous lithium cell or battery in which the positive electrode comprising a LiMn2−xMxO4 spinel structure in which M is one or more cations with an atomic number less than 52, such that the average oxidation state of the manganese ions is equal to or greater than 3.5, and in which 0≦x≦0.15, having one or more lithium spine oxide LiM′2O4 or lithiated spinel oxide Li1+yM′2O4 compounds in which the M′ cations are selected from one or more of lithium, cobalt, titanium or manganese and in which 0<y≦1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nonaqueous electrolyte battery comprising: a cathode including a positive active material; an negative including a negative active material and a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein assuming that the first charging capacity of the positive active material per gram is Cc [mAh/g], the weight of the positive active material is Cw [g], the first charging capacity of the negative active material per gram is Ac [mAh/g], the first discharging capacity is Ad [mAh/g] and the weight of the negative active material is Aw [g], the value of X [%] represented by a formula 16 is located within a range expressed by 20≦X≦50.

Abstract: Lithium metal oxide compounds of nominal formula Li2MO2, in which M represents two or more positively charged metal ions, selected predominantly and preferably from the first row of transition metals are disclosed herein. The Li2MO2 compounds have a layered-type structure, which can be used as positive electrodes for lithium electrochemical cells, or as a precursor for the in-situ electrochemical fabrication of LiMO2 electrodes. The Li2MO2 compounds of the invention may have additional functions in lithium cells, for example, as end-of-discharge indicators, or as negative electrodes for lithium cells.

Abstract: The present invention includes substantially single-phase lithium metal oxide compounds having hexagonal layered crystal structures that are substantially free of localized cubic spinel-like structural phases. The lithium metal oxides of the invention have the formula Li&agr;M&bgr;A&ggr;O2, wherein M is one or more transition metals, A is one or more dopants having an average oxidation state N such that +2.5≦N≦+3.5, 0.90≦&agr;≦1.10, and &bgr;+&ggr;=1. The present invention also includes dilithiated forms of these compounds, lithium and lithium-ion secondary batteries using these compounds as positive electrode materials, and methods of preparing these compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high-capacity and low-cost non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, comprising: a negative electrode containing, as a negative electrode active material, a ssubstance capable of absorbing/desorbing lithium ions and/or metal lithium; a separator; a positive electrode; and an electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode is composed of crystalline particles of an oxide containing two kinds of transition metal elements, the crystalline particles having a layered crystal structure, and oxygen atoms constituting the oxide forming a cubic closest packing structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming inorganic pigments using one or more metal alloys. Metal alloys used in the method of the invention are preferably milled to a mean particle size of less than about 10 microns, may be mixed with other metal oxides, and calcined in the presence of oxygen in a rotary kiln. Inorganic pigments formed in accordance with the method of the invention can be used in a wide variety of applications, including the coloration of glass matrixes, ceramic bodies, polymers, and paints.

Abstract: A powder of lithiated manganese oxide has an average particle diameter preferably less than about 250 nm. The particles have a high degree of uniformity and preferably a very narrow particle size distribution. The lithiated manganese oxide can be produce by the reaction of an aerosol where the aerosol comprises both a first metal (lithium) precursor and a second metal (manganese) precursor. Preferably, the reaction involves laser pyrolysis where the reaction is driven by heat absorbed from an intense laser beam.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithium insertion compound suitable for operating at a voltage greater than 4.

Abstract: A positive active material including a compound expressed by a general formula LimMxM′yM″zO2 (here, M designates at least one kind of element selected from Co, Ni and Mn, M′ designates at least one kind of element selected from Al, Cr, V, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sn, Ti, Mg, Sr, B, Ga, In, Si and Ge, and M″ designates at least one kind of element selected from Mg, Ca, B and Ga. Further, x is designated by an expression of 0.9≦x<1, y is indicated by an expression of 0.001≦y≦0.5, z is indicated by an expression of 0≦z≦0.5, and m is indicated by an expression of 0.5≦m) and lithium manganese oxide expressed by a general formula LisMn2−tMatO4 (here, the value of s is expressed by 0.9≦s, the value of t is located within a range expressed by 0.01≦t≦0.

Abstract: A positive active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries which has a higher capacity and improved thermal stability in a charged state and is less expensive compared to the current active material of LiCoO2 is provided by a lithium compound oxide having the formula:

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing a positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery. In this method, a lithium salt is reflux-reacted with a metal salt in a basic solution. The positive active material has a spherical or sperical-like form, diameter of 10 nm to 10 &mgr;m, and a surface area of 0.1 to 5 m2/g.

Abstract: A primary electrochemical cell includes a cathode including lambda-manganese dioxide (&ggr;-MnO2), an anode including lithium or a lithium alloy, a separator interposed between the cathode and the anode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte contacting the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: The present invention includes lithium cobalt oxides having hexagonal layered crystal structures and methods of making same. The lithium cobalt oxides of the invention have the formula LiwCo1−xAxO2+y wherein 0.96≦w≦1.05, 0≦x≦0.05, −0.02≦y≦0.02 and A is one or more dopants. The lithium cobalt oxides of the invention preferably have a position within the principal component space defined by the relationship axi+byi≦c, wherein xi={right arrow over (S)}i&Circlesolid;{right arrow over (P)}c1; yi={right arrow over (S)}i&Circlesolid;{right arrow over (P)}c2; the vector {right arrow over (S)}i is the x-ray spectrum for the LiwCo1−xAxO2+y compound; the vectors {right arrow over (P)}c1 and {right arrow over (P)}c2 defining the principal component space are determined by measuring the x-ray powder diffraction values {right arrow over (S)}i between 15° and 120° using a 0.

Abstract: A cathode composition for a lithium ion battery that contains lithium having the formula (a) Liy[M1(1−b)Mnb]O2 or (b) Liy[M1(1−b)Mnb]O15+c where 0≦y<1, 0<b<1 and 0<c<0.5 and M1 represents one or more metal elements, with the proviso that for (a) M1 is a metal element other than chromium. The composition is in a form of a single phase having an O3 crystal structure that does not undergo a phase transformation to a spinel crystal structure when incorporated in a lithium-ion battery and cycled for 100 full charge-discharge cycles at 30 C. and a final capacity of 130 mAh/g using a discharge current of 30 mA/g.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing lithium-manganese oxide powders for use in a lithium secondary battery is provided. The method includes the steps of dissolving in nitric acid a composition selected from the group consisting of: manganese oxide, manganese carbonate, or manganese to form a manganese solution, and then dissolving in the manganese solution a composition selected from the group consisting of lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, or lithium acetate. Glycine is added to the mixed metal solution and the mixed metal solution is dried in a vacuum dryer to form a combustible resin. The combustible resin is then ignited at room temperature and the combusted products are calcinated.

Abstract: The process for preparing spinel-type lithium manganate according to the present invention is constituted by a process to admix the electrolyzed manganese dioxide, which is obtained by neutralizing manganese dioxide precipitated by means of electrolysis with any of potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and lithium hydroxide, and a lithium material and a process to subject the resulting mixture to a sintering process.

Abstract: An alkaline battery includes a cathode including lambda-manganese dioxide, an anode including zinc, a separator between the cathode and the anode, and an alkaline electrolyte contacting the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithium manganese oxide, wherein a content of sulfur is not more than 0.32% by weight, and an averaged diameter of pores is not less than 120 nanometers, and the lithium manganese oxide is represented by Li1+xMn2−x−yMyO4, where “M” is at least one of metals and 0.032≦x≦0.182; 0≦y≦0.2, and also provides a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the above lithium manganese compound oxide as a positive electrode active material.

Abstract: The invention concerns materials for eliminating oxides of nitrogen NO and NO2 present in exhaust gases, in particular from the internal combustion engines of automotive vehicles operating in a medium that is super-stoichiometric in oxidizing agents, which can adsorb oxides of nitrogen then desorb the oxides of nitrogen by elevating the temperature with respect to the adsorption temperature or by passage of a rich mixture, the materials comprising mixed oxides the metals of which are in octahedral co-ordination, with the octahedral connecting together so that the structure generates micropores in the form of channels. The channel width of the materials is such that the sides are composed of 2 and/or 3 octahedra. These materials adsorb oxides of nitrogen by insertion and do not become poisoned in contact with oxides of sulfur and carbon contained in the gases.