Abstract: Multi-step metal compound oxidation process to produce compounds and enhanced metal oxides from various source materials, e.g. metal sulfides, carbides, nitrides and other metal containing materials with metal oxides from secondary reaction steps being utilized as an oxidation agent in the first reactions.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing an electrochemical device including a cathode, an anode and at least one electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein at least one of the cathode, the anode and the electrolyte membrane, contains at least a ceramic material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of exfoliating a layered material (e.g., graphite and graphite oxide) to produce nano-scaled platelets having a thickness smaller than 100 nm, typically smaller than 10 nm, and often between 0.34 nm and 1.02 nm. The method comprises: (a) subjecting the layered material in a powder form to a halogen vapor at a first temperature above the melting point or sublimation point of the halogen at a sufficient vapor pressure and for a duration of time sufficient to cause the halogen molecules to penetrate an interlayer space of the layered material, forming a stable halogen-intercalated compound; and (b) heating the halogen-intercalated compound at a second temperature above the boiling point of the halogen, allowing halogen atoms or molecules residing in the interlayer space to exfoliate the layered material to produce the platelets.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a method for producing stable alkaline metal oxide sols having a uniform particle size distribution. The method comprises the steps of: heating a metal compound at a temperature of 60° C. to 110° C. in an aqueous medium that contains a carbonate of quaternary ammonium; and carrying out hydrothermal processing at a temperature of 110° C. to 250° C. The carbonate of quaternary ammonium is (NR4)2CO3 or NR4HCO3 in which R represents a hydrocarbon group, or a mixture thereof. The metal compound is one, or two or more metal compounds selected from a group of compounds based on a metal having a valence that is bivalent, trivalent, or tetravalent.

Abstract: Agents for surface treatment which can impart excellent corrosion resistance to zinc or zinc alloy products at low cost. The agents for the surface treatment of zinc or zinc alloy products of this invention include at least one water-soluble compound which contains antimony, bismuth, tellurium or tin. Ideally, a nickel salt and/or a manganese salt is also included, and most desirably tannins and/or thioureas are also included. Ideally, the zinc or zinc alloy products which have been immersed and treated in an aqueous solution which contains these agents for surface treatment are immersed in an aqueous solution which includes a sealing treatment agent selected according to the colour of the zinc or zinc alloy product to seal pinholes.

Abstract: Method for producing metal oxide nanoparticles. The method includes generating an aerosol of solid metallic microparticles, generating plasma with a plasma hot zone at a temperature sufficiently high to vaporize the microparticles into metal vapor, and directing the aerosol into the hot zone of the plasma. The microparticles vaporize in the hot zone into metal vapor. The metal vapor is directed away from the hot zone and into the cooler plasma afterglow where it oxidizes, cools and condenses to form solid metal oxide nanoparticles.

Abstract: Complex ceramic oxides of the general formula Mg2MM?O6+x where M=Rare metal ion or Yttrium or Lanthanum and M?=Sn, Sb, Zr, Hf, Ta, and Nb; and where ?0.5<x<0.5; having a defective pyrochlore structure are useful for active and passive electronic applications, as dielectrics, catalyst sensors, hosts for radioactive waste, etc. This process for the preparation of this class of compounds comprises: (i) mixing the compounds of magnesium, M and M? to get the molar ratio as 2:1:1 (ii) the mixture obtained in step (i) along with a wetting medium may be ball milled or mixed; (iii) the resultant slurry may be dried to obtain dry powder, (iv) the resultant mixture may be heated to a temperature in the range of 1000-1600° C. for the duration ranging from 3 hours to 50 hours, either in a single step or by taking out the reactant after heating, checking for the structure formation and heating again after grinding, if necessary.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing an electroactive metal polyanion or a mixed metal polyanion comprising forming a slurry comprising a polymeric material, a solvent, a polyanion source or alkali metal polyanion source and at least one metal ion source; heating said slurry at a temperature and for a time sufficient to remove the solvent and form an essentially dried mixture; and heating said mixture at a temperature and for a time sufficient to produce an electroactive metal polyanion or electroactive mixed metal polyanion.

Abstract: Provided is a method for treating an aqueous feed stream containing an admixture of hexafluoroarsenic acid, or any salt thereof, and hydrogen fluoride, by contacting the feed stream with a counter-current stream of steam to remove substantially all of the hydrogen fluoride from the feed stream, and optionally to heat the feed stream. Further, provided is a method for continuously converting hexafluoroarsenic acid in an aqueous admixture, or any salt thereof, into arsenic acid by contacting the admixture with a counter-current stream of steam.

Abstract: Methods of producing nanoporous particles by spray pyrolysis of a precursor composition including a reactive precursor salt and a nonreactive matrix salt are provided, wherein the matrix salt is used as a templating medium. Nanoporous aluminum oxide particles produced by the methods are also provided.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of arsenic trioxide from acid solutions, particularly the aqueous acid effluent produced by a gas-washing process in the pyrometallurgy of copper sulfide ores is provided. Generally, the process comprises concentrating the acid solution in one or more evaporators in series; crystallizing arsenic contained in the concentrated solution as arsenic trioxide crystals; filtering the crystallized solution to obtain a solid phase comprising impure arsenic trioxide crystals; and purifying the solid phase to obtain a purified crystal product comprising arsenic trioxide. The process produces a commercially salable arsenic trioxide product without producing any solid or liquid residues subject to special handling or treatment regulations.

Abstract: The present invention is the method for preparation of transition metal oxide having micro-mesoporous structure whose average fine pores size is not less than 1 nm and not more than 2 nm comprising, adding and dissolving transition metal salt which is a precursor of transition metal oxide and/or metal alkoxide in the solution prepared by dissolving polymer surfactant in organic solvent, hydrolyzing said transition metal salt and/or metal alkoxide and preparing sol solution which is polymerized and self organized, then obtaining gel whose organization is stabilized from said sol solution and removing said polymer surfactant by using water of room temperature or water to which alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ion is added.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing particles, such as oxide nanoparticles, in a substantially water-free environment. The process involves mixing at least one metal compound of the formula MX(m?n) with at least one surfactant and at least one solvent, wherein M is an electropositive element of Groups 1–15; each X is independently selected from the group consisting of O1/2, F, Cl, Br, I, OR, O2CR, NR2, and R; each R is independently a hydrocarbyl group; n is equal to ½ the oxidation state of the metal M in the product particle; and m is equal to the oxidation state of the element M. The components are typically combined to form a mixture which is thermally treated for a time period sufficient to convert the metal compound into particles of the corresponding oxide, having sizes in a range between about 0.5 nanometer and about 1000 nanometers.

Abstract: A method of making an oxide compound, comprising subjecting a base material to a source of heat that produces a localized temperature in the range of 2,000 to 5,500 degrees Celsius that vaporizes the base material which is drawn upward above the surface of the base material where it oxidizes, after which the resulting oxide compound is collected. A method of making bismuth trioxide, comprising providing an electric arc between electrodes, wherein elemental bismuth is in touching proximity to one of the electrodes. The bismuth is evaporated, drawn upward off the surface of the molten metal, forms the bismuth oxide on contact with oxygen, and the particles of bismuth oxide are collected. A method of making an oxide using an electric arc to evaporate a base material which then reacts with oxygen, and collecting the resulting oxides of base material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making surfactant capped nanocrystals of metal oxides which are dispersable in organic solvents. The process comprises decomposing a metal cupferron complex of the formula MXCupX, wherein M is a metal, and Cup is a N-substituted N-Nitroso hydroxylamine, in the presence of a coordinating surfactant, the reaction being conducted at a temperature ranging from about 150 to about 400° C., for a period of time sufficient to complete the reaction. Also disclosed are compounds made by the process.

Abstract: A pigment with modified properties because of the powder size being below 100 nanometers. Blue, yellow and brown pigments are illustrated. Nanoscale coated, un-coated, whisker inorganic fillers are included. Stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric composition are disclosed. The pigment nanopowders taught comprise one or more elements from the group actinium, aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, cobalt, copper, chalcogenide, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, gallium, gold, hafnium, hydrogen, indium, iridium, iron, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, manganese, mendelevium, mercury, molybdenum, neodymium, neptunium, nickel, niobium, nitrogen, oxygen, osmium, palladium, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, promethium, protactinium, rhenium, rubidium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, tantalum, terbium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium.

Abstract: A metal oxide powder except &agr;-alumina, comprising polyhedral particles having at least 6 planes each, a number average particle size of from 0.1 to 300 &mgr;m, and a D90/D10 ratio of 10 or less where D10 and D90 are particle sizes at 10% and 90% accumulation, respectively from the smallest particle size side in a cumulative particle size curve of the particles. This metal oxide powder contains less agglomerated particles, and has a narrow particle size distribution and a uniform particle shape.

Abstract: There are provided: (1) a process for producing an InSbO4-containing transparent electroconductive film, which comprises the step of sputtering simultaneously: (i) a target (A) for sputtering, which comprises In, Sb and O, and whose atomic ratio of Sb/In is from 0.9 to 1.1, and (ii) a target (B) for sputtering, which comprises Sb, (2) a transparent eletroconductive film, which contains In, Sb and O, and whose atomic ratio of Sb/In is from 0.8 to 1.5, and (3) a target for sputtering, which contains In, Sb and O, and whose atomic ratio of Sb/In is from 1.2 to 2.0.

Abstract: Bismuth- and phosphorus-containing catalyst supports, naphtha reforming catalysts made from such supports, methods of making both support and catalyst, and a naphtha reforming process using such catalysts.

Abstract: A two-layer coating for the outer surface of the display screen of a color cathode ray tube (CRT) includes an inner carbon black-based layer and an outer silica-based layer. The inner layer is antistatic, while the outer layer is antireflective. To compensate for the increased absorption of blue light by the carbon black particles, which results in a color video image having a yellowish tint, a blue additive, such as a pigment or dye, is added to the coating to adjust its light absorbance characteristics and provide uniform light absorbance over the entire visible spectrum of 400-700 nm for improved color video image presentation.

Abstract: The present invention includes lithium cobalt oxides having hexagonal layered crystal structures and methods of making same. The lithium cobalt oxides of the invention have the formula LiwCo1−xAxO2+y wherein 0.96≦w≦1.05, 0≦x≦0.05, −0.02≦y≦0.02 and A is one or more dopants. The lithium cobalt oxides of the invention preferably have a position within the principal component space defined by the relationship axi+byi≦c, wherein xi={right arrow over (S)}i&Circlesolid;{right arrow over (P)}c1; yi={right arrow over (S)}i&Circlesolid;{right arrow over (P)}c2; the vector {right arrow over (S)}i is the x-ray spectrum for the LiwCo1−xAxO2+y compound; the vectors {right arrow over (P)}c1 and {right arrow over (P)}c2 defining the principal component space are determined by measuring the x-ray powder diffraction values {right arrow over (S)}i between 15° and 120° using a 0.

Abstract: A compound for use especially as an antiviral drug, mainly containing salts of heteropolyanions consisting of a tungstoantimonate (III) vanadium-mixed metal oxide or related salts represented by formula [(XW9O33)2V3O3]p−, where p is a positive number between 9 and 12 and X is Sb, P. As or Bi and especially Sb. An antiviral drug having a broad spectrum of antiviral activity, high potent efficacy and low toxicity is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for removing arsenic compounds using amino/ammonium-functionalized anion exchangers from the distillation bottoms obtained in the purification of hydrogen fluoride by distillation.

Abstract: Methods of forming metal alkoxides and methods of forming precursor solutions of metal alkoxides suitable for the coating of glass in the manufacture of electrochromic devices are disclosed. The method of forming metal alkoxides involves dissolving the metal halide in an anhydrous solvent and reacting it with an alcohol and (together with the addition of the alcohol or subsequently) adding an epoxide, and then evaporating-off the volatile components of the reaction product to leave a solid metal alkoxide that is substantially free of halide. The alkoxide may then be dissolved in a solvent including an alcohol (preferably ethanol) containing a small proportion of water to produce a precursor solution suitable for coating glass, the coating then being hydrolyzed to form a sol-gel and then baked to remove volatile components and to yield a thin layer of metal oxide.

Abstract: A method for producing fine particles of metal oxide characterized in that metal halide is hydrolyzed in the presence of organic solvent. According to this invention, under hydrolysis of titanium tetrachrolide, anatase type titanium oxide can be obtained by selecting hydrophilic organic solvent, and rutile type titanium oxide can be obtained by selecting hydrophobic organic solvent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the synthesis, processing and test of improved spin-on precursor materials comprising at least one Group II metal and at least one Group IV or Group V metal, useful for making thin oxide films, useful, for example, in various electronic devices, such as ferroelectric devices. For example, barium strontium titanate spin-on precursor materials are useful for making thin films of barium strontium titanate (BST) for, e.g., ferroelectric capacitors. A method is provided for fabricating electronic devices employing such Group II-Group IV (or V) oxides as the active device, using polyether acids. The method comprises: (a) providing a substrate; (b) forming a bottom electrode on the substrate; (c) depositing a solution comprising polyether acid salts of the Group II and Group IV or Group V metal ions; (d) forming the oxide film from the solution; and (e) forming a top electrode on the oxide film.

Abstract: Metal acid salt complexes are provided comprising (1) a first metal ion consisting essentially of bismuth, and optionally, at least one second metal ion selected from the group consisting of barium, calcium, strontium, lead, titanium, tantalum, and niobium, and (2) a polyether acid. The metal acid salt complexes are prepared by combining (1) bismuth ion, and optionally, at least one second metal ion and (2) at least one of a polyether acid and a polyether acid anhydride prepared from the polyether acid. In particular, the use of a mixture of bismuth, strontium, and niobium and/or tantalum salts of the hydrophilic acid 3,6-dioxaheptanoic acid salt is described for production of ceramic thin films, such as for use in ferroelectric devices, using non-toxic solvents. As a consequence, improved electronic devices are formed from less toxic and easier handled precursors and solvents.

Abstract: The microwave properties of numerous perovskite antimonates like A2MeSbO6 where A=Ba or Sr, Me=a rare earth, Y, Sc, Ga, or In and A4MeSb3O12 where A=Ba or Sr and M=Li, Na or K were measured at 10 Ghz and 300 K. Using the microwave properties and lattice parameters of these materials, the Clausius-Mossotti relationship and a nonlinear regression fitting program, the polarizability of Sb5+ was investigated and determined to be 1.18±0.49 A3. This low polarizability and the low loss of antimonates in general indicate that Sb5+ is an excellent candidate for use as a constituent in the fabrication of low dielectric constant, low loss, lattice matching perovskite oxide microwave substrates.

Abstract: A method of producing electroconductive anhydrous zinc antimonate, comprising the steps of mixing a zinc compound and a colloidal antimony oxide in a ZnO/Sb.sub.2 O.sub.5 molar ratio of 0.8 to 1.2; and calcining the mixture of 300 to 680.degree. C. in a gas containing steam to produce an electroconductive anhydrous zinc antimonate having a ZnO/Sb.sub.2 O.sub.5 molar ratio of 0.8 to 1.2 and a primary particle diameter of 5 to 100 nm. The substance is useful as an antistatic agent, an ultraviolet absorbent, a heat ray absorbent, and a sensor, for example.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of ultra-fine powders of metal oxide wherein a surfactant is added to the solution for the preparation of the metal oxide to provide nanometer metal oxide powders without the utilization of vacuum or high pressure conditions is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing positive electrode active material includes feeding an aqueous nickel salt solution, aqueous solutions of different kinds of metals, aqueous solution containing ammonium ions and aqueous alkali solution each independently and simultaneously into a reaction vessel such that the amount of alkali metal is 1.9-2.3 moles relative to 1 mole of the total amount of nickel and different kinds of metals and the amount of ammonium ions is 2 moles or more relative to 1 mole of the total amount of nickel and different kinds of metals, the pH in the vessel is 11-13, the temperature in the vessel is 30-60.degree. C. and the average residence time is 20-50 hours.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula Ca.sub.2 MeSbO.sub.6 where Me is a 3+ ion selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), scandium (Sc), indium (In), gallium (Ga), or a rare earth metal have been prepared and included as the substrate or barrier dielectric in high critical temperature thin film superconductors, ferroelectrics, pyroelectrics, piezoelectrics, and hybrid device structures.

Abstract: A process for producing acrylic acid from propane and oxygen gas through a vapor-phase catalytic oxidation reaction, said process comprising conducting the reaction using as a catalyst a metal oxide containing metallic elements Mo, V, Sb, and A (provided that A is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, Sn, W, Ti, Ni, Fe, Cr, and Co). The metal oxide is prepared by a process including specific steps (1) and (2). The metal oxide may be supported on a compound containing specific elements.

Abstract: Novel metal acid salt complexes are provided comprising (1) a metal selected from Group IV and Group V metals and (2) a polyether acid, along with a process for making the salt complexes. The process comprises: (a) preparing a polyether acid anhydride from the corresponding polyether acid; and (b) combining a metal alkoxide containing the Group IV or Group V metal with the polyether acid anhydride to form the metal acid salt complex. The resulting Group IV and Group V metal acid salt complexes enable the production of improved thin film, thick film, and bulk ceramic metal oxides and mixed metal oxides for a number of applications, including ferroelectric, electrooptic, paraelectric, and piezoelectric devices, using liquid soluble precursors which are soluble in far less toxic solvents than in the prior art. The soluble ceramic precursors may also be used as reactive binders and shape-forming aids in conventional ceramic processing.

Abstract: Methods of making substantially phase-pure and thermally stable crystalline alumina compositions stabilized with an oxide of silicon, germanium, phosphorus, arsenic or a mixture thereof. Also provided are crystalline alumina compositions and catalyst supports made using these methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to new compositions based on ceric oxide having an improved oxygen storage capacity, these compositions being characterized in that they contain, besides ceric oxide, at least one oxide of another metallic element M chosen from the group consisting of iron, bismuth, nickel, tin and chromium or one of their mixtures, this oxide preferably being in solid solution with the abovementioned cerium oxide. The process of synthesis of these compositions consists in first of all preparing an intimate mixture between (i) a ceric oxide or a ceric hydroxide and (ii) at least one additive consisting of a hydroxide or a salt, thermally decomposable to an oxide, of the metallic element M, and in then calcining this mixture so as to obtain the desired composition based on oxides. The compositions according to the invention are particularly useful in the manufacture of catalysts and/or catalyst supports, especially those intended for treating exhaust gases from internal combustion engines.

Abstract: New thermally- and hydrothermally-stable .delta.-alumina compositions stabilized with an oxide of silicon, germanium, phosphorus, arsenic or a mixture thereof and methods of preparation of same are provided. Also provided are catalyst supports and catalysts made using these stabilized .delta.-alumina compositions, methods for making same, and methods for treating the exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine using such catalysts.

Abstract: A method for preparing an oxide (P), which includes the steps of (i) forming a solid phase compound (O) based on an oxide containing molecular entities (1) chosen from optionally substituted ammonium, diammonium, diazan-ium or diazandium, the entities being distributed within the solid matrix, and (ii) eliminating the entities (1) from the solid phase compound (O) by reacting the solid phase compound (O) with a gaseous stream containing a break-down reactant for the entities (1), and isolating the resulting solid material (P).

Abstract: A method for producing a metal oxide powder which comprises heating a metal or metals in an atmosphere gas comprising a halogen gas, a hydrogen halide gas or a mixture of these gases in a concentration of from 0.5% by volume or more to 99.5% by volume or less; and oxygen, water vapor or a mixture of these gases in a concentration of from 0.5% by volume or more to 99.5% by volume or less.

Abstract: Solution precipitation processes for preparing antimony doped tin oxide having improved volumetric efficiency and improved wash efficiency involving use of concentrated base and metal salt solutions are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the production of antimony trioxide comprising the steps of: (i) reacting antimony trisulfide with iron (III) chloride to produce antimony trichloride; and (ii) hydrolyzing antimony trichloride to produce antimony trioxide. In a preferred embodiment, the process is substantially closed or near-closed loop. Antimony trioxide is a known flame retardant for use in plastics, ceramics and the like.

Abstract: A process for preparing a pigment based on bismuth vanadate by reacting an acidic solution of bismuth nitrate with a basic solution of ammonium metavanadate to form a precipitate in a very acidic reaction mixture with a pH value of between 1 and 2. The pH of the reaction mixture is brought to a value of about 7, and the temperature of the reaction mixture is established at 80.degree. C. or higher for a period of about 30 minutes. The reaction mixture is stirred for a period of time of at least one half hour until a pH of approximately 6.5 is reached, and then the precipitate is filtered from the reaction mixture. Finally, the precipitate is washed and dried to obtain a dried pigment.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing fine metal oxide particles comprising the step of heat-treating an aqueous solution of a metal salt at a temperature of not lower than 200.degree. C. under a pressure of not less than 160 kg/cm.sup.2 for 1 second to 1 hour so as to bring into the decomposition reaction of said metal salt.

Abstract: Anions of the formula (I):[DA.sub.5 M.sub.30-x O.sub.110-x (M'L).sub.x ].sup.m- (I)in which D is Na.sup.+, Ca.sup.2+ ; A is P, As, Sb, Si, Ge, or combinations thereof, M is W.sup.5+, W.sup.6+, or mixtures thereof; M' is a metallic element from groups 2 to 15 of the periodic table; other than W; L is O.sup.2-, OH.sup.-, H.sub.2 O; x is 0-10; and m is 10-20; selectively react with cations Z.sup.n+ to afford anions of the formula (II):[ZA.sub.5 M.sub.30-x O.sub.110-x (M'L).sub.x ].sup.(m+1-n)-(II)wherein n is 3 or 4; Z=Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y, or Bi, when n=3, and Z=Ce, U, Np, Pu, or Am, when n =4. This reaction may be used for the selective encapsulation of lanthanide or actinide cations, and salts containing anions of formula (II) may be vitrified to form glasses or reduced to form tungsten "bronze" materials suitable for the long-term storage of radioactive lanthanides or actinides.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for recovering arsenic acid from a starting mixture comprising sulfuric and arsenic acids and water. In step (a), the starting mixture is treated with a sulfur (IV) compound which will reduce the arsenic acid to arsenic (III) compound under conditions sufficient to substantially convert the arsenic acid to arsenic (III) wherein the resulting mixture comprises arsenic (III) compound, the sulfur (IV) compound, sulfuric acid, and water. In step (b), the resulting mixture is purged with gas to substantially remove the sulfur (IV) compound from the mixture wherein the purged mixture comprises the arsenic (III) compounds, sulfuric acid, and water. In step (c), the purged mixture is treated under conditions sufficient to substantially separate the arsenic (III) compounds from the purged mixture.

Abstract: A heat treatment method heats an oxide optical crystal in an oxygen atmosphere containing ozone to improve the light absorption characteristics of the oxide optical crystal so that the light absorption of the oxide optical crystal with light in wavelength bands other than light in wavelength bands with which the oxide optical crystal exerts the intrinsic absorption is reduced to the least possible extent. Guided-optical-wave propagation devices and optical devices, such as optical isolators, optical recording media and second harmonic generators, employing the oxide optical crystal having these improved absorption characteristics, operate at a high efficiency.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of conductive metal oxide powders.The method according to the invention comprises the following stages: a) a colloidal aqueous solution of crystalline particles of at least one metal oxide or a composite oxide of several metals is formed, by hydrolysing a starting solution containing metal ions and an agent for complexing the metals, (b) heat treatment is carried out. Any residual salts and residual complexing agent are eliminated before or during the heat treatment (b).Application to the manufacture of antistatic coatings.

Abstract: Anions of the formula (I):[DA.sub.5 M.sub.30-x O.sub.110-x (M'L).sub.x ].sup.m- (I)in which D is Na.sup.+, Ca.sup.2+; A is P, As, Sb, Si, Ge, or combinations thereof M is W.sup.5+, W.sup.6.alpha., or mixtures thereof; M' is a metallic element from groups 2 to 15 of the periodic table; other than W; L is O.sup.2-, OH.sup.-, H.sub.2 O; x is 0-10; and m is 10-20; selectively react with cations Z.sup.n+ to afford anions of the formula (II):[ZA.sub.5 M.sub.30-x O.sub.110-x (M'L).sub.x ].sup.(m+1-n)- (II)wherein n is 3 or 4; Z=Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y, or Bi, when n=3, and Z=Ce, U, Np, Pu, or Am, when n=4. This reaction may be used for the selective encapsultion of lanthanide or actinide cations, and salts containing anions of formula (II) may be vitrified to form glasses or reduced to form tungsten "bronze" materials suitable for the long-germ storage of radioactive lanthanides or actinides.

Abstract: In the process of removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions (groundwater) by precipitation of a salt thereof, an oxidizing agent is optionally used to increase the valence of said metal, and a precipitation-enhancing agent is added to maximize particle size of the precipitate and to facilitate its separation from said solution.

Abstract: A process for producing mixed oxides containing an alumina species in which a mixture of a hydrated alumina having a specified surface area (average crystal size), a fluid medium and a compound having the formula M.sub.x A.sub.y wherein M is selected from the group consisting of metals, silicon, boron, arsenic and tellurium, A is selected from the group consisting of oxygen and anions, x is from 1 to 4 and y has a value satisfying said formula depending on the valence of M, is formed into a uniform sol, the sol is recovered from the liquid medium and dehydrated, and the dehydrated product is de-agglomerated to produce a mixed oxide having an average particle size of about 1 micron or less.