Abstract: There is provided a process for producing high-purity magnesium hydroxide by reaction of magnesium or reactive magnesium compounds with hydroxy compounds yielding magnesium alkoxides, followed by hydrolysis to form magnesium hydroxide, or a process for producing magnesium oxide by calcination of magnesium hydroxide.

Abstract: A chemical synthetic route for nanostructured materials that is scalable to large volume production, comprising spray atomization of a reactant solution into a precursor solution to form a nanostructured oxide or hydroxide precipitate. The precipitate is then heat-treated followed by sonication, or sonicated followed by heat treatment. This route yields nanostructured doped and undoped nickel hydroxide, manganese dioxide, and ytrria-stabilized zirconia. Unusual morphological superstructures may be obtained, including well-defined cylinders or nanorods, as well as a novel structure in nickel hydroxide and manganese dioxide, comprising assemblies of nanostructured fibers, assemblies of nanostructured fibers and agglomerates of nanostructured particles, and assemblies of nanostructured fibers and nanostructured particles. These novel structures have high percolation rates and high densities of active sites, rendering them particularly suitable for catalytic applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the improvement of a replenishment method of a magnesium-based compound and to the improvement of a double decomposition method, which can be used in a magnesium hydroxide desulfurization method. In the improved replenishment method, the magnesium-based compound is supplemented with water and the ratio of Mg/H2O is adjusted to the total Mg/H2O in the desulfurization system. In the improved double decomposition method, a tank for use is provided with an inner cylinder which partitions the tank into an inner part and an outer part, but does not reach the bottom of the tank, and a part of the slurry drawn through the bottom of the tank is fed to the outer upper position in the tank.

Abstract: The present invention relates to oxidic nanocrystals and a process and apparatus for producing oxidic nanocrystals from metalorganic compounds or volatile inorganic compounds. In particular, the process is suitable for oxidic or oxysulfidic nanocrystals, particularly based on the elements Y, Gd, Mg, Ca, Ba and Al. The nanocrystals preferably have a mean initial particle size of 1 to 20 nm.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of nanostructured materials in high phase purities using cavitation is disclosed. The method comprises mixing a metal containing solution with a precipitating agent and passing the mixture into a cavitation chamber. The chamber consists of a first element to produce cavitation bubbles, and a second element that creates a pressure zone sufficient to collapse the bubbles. The process is useful for the preparation of mixed metal oxide catalysts and materials for piezoelectrics and superconductors.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing metallic oxides, when synthesizing an oxide of a metal A, controls oxygen partial pressure by using an oxygen partial pressure control agent containing an oxide of a metal B capable of assuming multiple valence numbers. The method satisfies an ionization tendency relationship of A1+<Bj+<A0, where i is the valence number of the metal A in the oxide to be synthesized and j is the valence number of the metal B in the oxygen partial pressure control agent.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing high-purity magnesium hydroxide by reaction of magnesium or reactive magnesium compounds with hydroxy compounds yielding magnesium alkoxides, followed by hydrolysis to form magnesium hydroxide, or a process for producing magnesium oxide by calcination of magnesium hydroxide.

Abstract: A process for controlling the continuous production of acetylene and hydrated lime from the reaction of water with calcium carbide is disclosed where the hydrated lime is withdrawn at a desired mass ratio of the hydrated lime to the calcium carbide feed. The process is also controlled by regulating the temperature so that it is independent of the variations in the production of acetylene by regulating heat transfer to the environment at a rate to maintain a constant temperature in the reactor. Preferably, the reaction is controlled by withdrawing the hydrated lime slurry product at a rate low enough to maintain a slurry concentration of hydrated lime above about 14 weight percent.

Abstract: This invention provides a complex oxide comprising the features of: (i) being represented by the formula: Ca3-xRExCo4Oy wherein RE is a rare earth element, 0≦x≦0.5 and 8.5≦y≦10, (ii) having a Seebeck coefficient of 100 &mgr;V/K or more at a temperature of 300° C. or higher, and (iii) having an electric conductivity of 103 S/m or more at a temperature of 300° C. or higher. The complex oxide is composed of low-toxicity elements, excellent in heat resistance and chemical durability and high in thermoelectric conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A process for preparing an alkaline earth metal hydroxide which comprises reacting particulate alkaline earth metal oxide having a particle size in the range from about 100 &mgr;m to about 10,000 &mgr;m with a sufficient quantity of water for a sufficient time and at a sufficient temperature to carry out the reaction effectively thereby the alkaline earth metal hydroxide is prepared.

Abstract: A limestone furnace calcination process involves injecting finely divided limestone particles into a zone in a furnace at which the temperature of the flue gas stream, as it passes through the zone, is above the minimum calcination temperature and below the minimum effective quicklime utilization/sulfation temperature. In conventional furnaces, the minimum calcination temperature, or the calcium carbonate decomposition temperature, ranges from about 1,365 to 1,430.degree. F. The minimum effective quicklime utilization/sulfation temperature refers to the temperature below which the rate of quicklime sulfation of the lime produced by calcination of the limestone is sufficiently slow to result in negligible calcium sulfate formation on the resultant lime, and in conventional furnace applications ranges from 1,600 to 1,800.degree. F.

Abstract: Applicant has synthesized a family of novel non-pillared metal oxide compositions which have a triple layered perovskite structure and a surface area of at least 30 m.sup.2 /g. These compositions are described by the empirical formulaAB.sub.2 M.sub.3 O.sub.10-xwhere A is a monovalent exchangeable cation such as cesium, B is a divalent or trivalent cation such as strontium or lanthanum and M is a +2, +3, +4 or a +5 valent metal such as niobium, titanium, aluminum or copper.

Abstract: On the (100) surface of a perovskite of the type ABO.sub.3, a Ruddlerden-Popper AO*(ABO.sub.3).sub.n layer is generated by exposing the perovskite to an oxidizing atmosphere at temperatures above 750.degree. C.

Abstract: A stabilized lime slurry for treatment of biological solids in sewage. The composition preferably includes 30-36% calcium hydroxide, 10-16% potassium hydroxide, 2-4% potassium chloride, 2-4% magnesium hydroxide, all on a dry basis, and the balance in water. This composition raises the pH rapidly for destroying pathogens, is sufficiently concentrated for economically feasible transportation, and reduces the cost, difficulties and dangers of treating sewage with a lime based composition while providing a resulting product from the sewage treatment process which can be spread upon agricultural soil in a manner which improves soil fertility without introducing undesirable or contaminating materials into the soil.

Abstract: A flame retardant having heat deterioration resistance which is composed of magnesium hydroxide particles having (i) an average secondary particle diameter, measured by a laser diffraction scattering method, of not more than 2 .mu.m, (ii) a specific surface area, measured by a BET method, of not more than 20 m.sup.2 /g and containing (iii) a total amount of an iron compound and a manganese compound of not more than 0.02% by weight in terms of metals, and a synthetic resin composition comprising the same and a molded article therefrom.

Abstract: Magnesium hydroxide slurries and a method of producing same that can be shipped, without agitation, over a period of at least 28 days and can be readily removed from transport vehicles to customer storage. With respect to customer usage, such slurries can be readily handled without leaving significant residue in storage tanks and without fouling the customer's equipment. Also disclosed are magnesium hydroxide slurries containing a level of solids that is greater than what is commercially available and a method of producing same.

Abstract: Undersize particles are recovered from a conventional manufacturing process commonly employed to prepare fused magnesia crystals. The recovery hydrolizes a bulk mass of the collected undersize particles causing fracture to eventually occur in the bulk mass and thereafter fuses the agglomerated material in an electric arc furnace.

Abstract: Magnesium hydroxide slurries having the following characteristics: (i) having a solids content of between 40-80 wt. % based on the weight of the slurry with the balance being water; (ii) containing between 0.01-5.0 wt.% of at least one viscosity modifying agent or dispersant based on the weight of the slurry selected from the following groups: (1) inorganic acids having a molecular weight less than 130 amu and their inorganic salts excluding H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, H.sub.3 PO.sub.4, silicic acid and salts having an alkali metal as sole cation; (2) low molecular weight (i.e.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flame retardant quality magnesium hydroxide having a BET surface area of less than approximately 10 m.sup.2 per gram (uncoated), an average particle size of approximately 0.5 to 10.0 micron, and less than approximately 0.5% of particles over 10 micron (average particle size measured by laserlight scattering method), and a substantial number of crystals which are generally ovoid in cross section. A process for producing a flame retardant quality magnesium hydroxide is also described.

Abstract: The present invention relate to textured YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x (Y-123) superconductors and a process of preparing them by directional recrystallization of compacts fabricated from quenched YBCO powders at temperatures about 100.degree. C. below the peritectic temperature to provide a superconductor where more than 75% of the YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x phase is obtained without any Y.sub.2 BaCuO.sub.5 .

Abstract: A solution process for the purification of calcium hydroxide, particularly from hydrated carbide lime, which is subsequently used as a feed stock for a high-value calcium product, preferably calcium carbonate. Precipitated calcium carbonate is formed by reaction of the purified calcium hydroxide solution with carbon dioxide in a plug-flow reaction system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a flame retardant quality magnesium hydroxide which includes providing a magnesium salt solution; and a source of ammonia; adding a stochiometric excess of ammonia to the solution to form a magnesium hydroxide precipatate; and subjecting the magnesium hydroxide to a hydrothermal recrystallization.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal oxide powder which comprises heating a metal or metals in an atmosphere gas comprising a halogen gas, a hydrogen halide gas or a mixture of these gases in a concentration of from 0.5% by volume or more to 99.5% by volume or less; and oxygen, water vapor or a mixture of these gases in a concentration of from 0.5% by volume or more to 99.5% by volume or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of iron oxide brown, red and black pigments and to the use thereof.

Abstract: Magnesium hydroxide slurries and a method of producing same that can be shipped, without agitation, over a period of at least 28 days and can be readily removed from transport vehicles to customer storage. With respect to customer usage, such slurries can be readily handled without leaving significant residue in storage tanks and without fouling the customer's equipment. Also disclosed are magnesium hydroxide slurries containing a level of solids that is greater than what is commercially available and a method of producing same.

Abstract: A long term stabilized magnesium hydroxide suspension which can be stored for at least six months without substantial agitation and without undergo substantial settlement nor solid hard substrate formation, comprising a solid content of about 51% to 62%; a water content of about 38% to 49%; a viscosity of about 50 to 400 cp.; an average particle size of about 1 to 2.5 microns; a Mg(OH).sub.2 content of about 50% to 60%; an equivalent magnesium oxide content of 34% to 42%; and including an anionic polyelectrolyte as a dispersant agent, and which is obtained by washing, filtering and repulping magnesium hydroxide solids to obtain agglomerated solid particles, dispersing the agglomerated solid particles by comminution in a dispersing equipment, to reduce the particle size providing a dispersed product, grinding the dispersed product to additionally reduce the particle size to about 2 microns; and adding an anionic polyelectrolyte at a concentration of at least 25%, in an amount of about 0.5 to 1.

Abstract: Metallic magnesium and pure magnesium oxide are produced by carbothermal reduction of starting materials such as magnesium oxide containing minor amounts of oxides of Fe, Si, Ca and Al, and/or magnesium silicate minerals, such as olivine, at subatmospheric pressure. Metallic magnesium is evaporated from a reduction zone and pure metallic magnesium and pure magnesium oxide are precipitated in a second condensation zone. Si is partly evaporated as SiO which is precipitated in a first condensation zone upstream the second condensation zone, partly converted to SiC and an alloy of Si and Fe in the reaction mixture. The starting materials may also be processed by a method wherein their magnesium component is converted to magnesium oxide in the reaction mixture, while the remaining components are converted to SiC and an alloy of Si and Fe. Au and valuable siderophilic elements may be recovered by leaching the alloy of Si and Fe.

Abstract: A treatment for reducing viscosity and inhibiting settling of an aqueous 30% or higher by weight magnesium hydroxide slurry which comprises adding to the slurry an amount, effective for the purpose of a combination of an alkyl sulfosuccinate surfactant, an alkylaryl sulfonate surfactant, a xanthan gum and a clay, and optionally a water soluble polycarboxylate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the preparation of a special calcium and/or magnesium hydroxide in which CaO and/or MgO is reacted with water in the presence of an additive selected among ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine and mixtures thereof, the weight ratio additive to CaO and/or MgO being greater than 0.002:1.

Abstract: Coarse light burned magnesia is comminuted in the wet state with a wet-pulverizer and hydrated in the presence of an alkaline aqueous medium at an elevated temperature of not less than 70.degree. C., the resultant pulverizate is classified into fine and coarse particles using a classifying means, and the coarse particles are recycled to the wet-pulverizer. By subjecting light burned magnesia to concurrent wet-pulverization and hydration in the presence of a heated alkaline aqueous medium, the material magnesia can be simultaneously comminuted and hydrated under rapid heating. Therefore, from light burned magnesia, an active magnesium hydroxide showing a low viscosity even at a high concentration can be efficiently produced at a high rate in a fewer step.

Abstract: The preparation of water-insoluble, bactericidal, peroxide-containing products, by reaction of magnesium acetate with hydrogen peroxide, and products obtained are disclosed. Processes for application and deposition of these reaction products on natural, synthetic and blend fibrous substrates are also disclosed. The modified fibrous substrates thus produced inhibit the growth and spread of odor- and disease-causing gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and the antibacterial activity of the modified fibrous substrates is durable to repeated launderings.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing fine metal oxide particles comprising the step of heat-treating an aqueous solution of a metal salt at a temperature of not lower than 200.degree. C. under a pressure of not less than 160 kg/cm.sup.2 for 1 second to 1 hour so as to bring into the decomposition reaction of said metal salt.

Abstract: A process for preparing magnesium hydroxide having high purity which comprises dispersing the raw product in water, under stirring, then adjusting the pH to a value comprised between 10,0 and 14,0; adding a chelating agent and separing the resulting phases.

Abstract: A method for producing a stabilized magnesium hydroxide slurry comprising physically deflocculating the magnesium hydroxide solids in a starting slurry to produce a stabilized magnesium hydroxide slurry. Depending on the chloride level of the starting slurry, a cationic polymer may be added to the slurry. Optionally a thickening agent may be added to the deflocculated slurry. Also disclosed is a stabilized magnesium hydroxide slurry produced by the method which may be transported and stored without substantial agglomeration of the magnesium hydroxide solids.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of road deicer products preferably containing calcium magnesium acetate or calcium magnesium acetate/calcium magnesium propionate is provided. The process involves first providing a residual water plant sludge starting material containing calcium and magnesium compounds, and reacting this sludge with stoichiometric quantities of at least acetic acid and more preferably both acetic and propionic acids. The resultant reaction product can then be dried, ground and granulated to provide a dry, free flowing road deicer product.

Abstract: The non-acicular modified maghemite and magnetite have high coercivity of, for the maghemite, up to 2200 Oe, saturation and residual magnetization of 63-85 emu/g and 43-52 emu/g, respectively; for the magnetite, the corresponding values are 800-1600 Oe, 82-87 emu/g, and 44-51 emu/g, respectively; while retaining same squareness ratio and same chemistry with conventional iron oxides, fine particle size of around 50 nm, easier dispersion and coating, invaried properties after curing, and low value of temperature coefficient of coercivity (0.24-0.37%/.degree. C. for the maghemite and 0.20-0.33%/.degree. C. for the magnetite), have been invented. They are thus especially suitable for high density recording. The modified maghemite and magnetite are prepared by precipitating from aqueous solution containing Fe, Mn, Co and Zn ions at proper ratio using an organic alkali as precipitant, followed by specific heat treatment sequences.

Abstract: A stabilized, pressure-hydrated magnesium hydroxide slurry and a process for its production from burnt magnesite are described. According to an embodiment of the invention, a mixture comprising burnt natural magnesite and water is pressure hydrated to provide a pressure hydrated slurry. The pressure hydrated slurry is then deagglomerated. If desired, chloride ions and cationic polymer can be added to further stabilize the slurry.

Abstract: Improved fire retardant fillers for plastics materials are described which consist of magnesium hydroxide particles of reduced average surface area. The particles are produced by contacting particles of magnesium hydroxide of a relatively high average surface area with an etching solution for a time sufficient to dissolve at least some of the particles and to leave particles of reduced average surface area.

Abstract: The invention relates to particulate magnesium hydroxide suitable for use as a flame retardant additive for a polymer which has a BET surface area of 13-30 m.sup.2 /g and an average particle size (D.sub.50) of 0.3-1.0 micron.The invention also relates to a process for producing a particulate magnesium hydroxide having a BET surface area of 13-30 m.sup.2 /g and an average particle size (D.sub.50) of 0.3-1.9 micron by calcining a magnesium feedstock to magnesium oxide having a BET surface area of 3-10 m.sup.2 /g; hydrating the magnesium oxide to a magnesium hydroxide hydration product in the absence of added catalyst; and milling the magnesium hydroxide hydration product.The invention further relates to a polymeric article containing particulate magnesium hydroxide according to the invention.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of nanophase solid state materials having crystallite morphology and particle sizes in the range of from about 1 nm to 30 nm is disclosed. Novel nanophase solid state materials are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for producing metal hydroxides with a small specific area in which the metal hydroxide is produced by hydrating a corresponding metal oxide and then treating it under pressure in an autoclave.

Abstract: A fibrous composite metal hydroxide containing a small amount of hexagonal-plate-like magnesium hydroxide and being therefore advantageously useful as a reinforcing material for resins and rubbers. The crystal water elimination temperature thereof can be set at any point between the crystal water elimination temperature of magnesium hydroxide and that of aluminum hydroxide. This fibrous composite metal hydroxide is excellent in flame retardancy and acid resistance. The fibrous composite metal hydroxide has an aspect ratio of about 10 or more, an average diameter of approximately 0.1 to 10 .mu.m and an average length of approximately 2 to 1,000 .mu.m, and having the formula (1),M.sup.2+.sub.x Mg.sub.1-x (OH).sub.2 (1)wherein M is at least one member selected from Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn and x is defined by 0.005<x<0.5.

Abstract: A process for the continuous production of a calcined product containing a high level of reactive oxide valves, from a preheated raw material containing calcium carbonate values, said process comprising,(a) introducing the preheated raw material to the bottom of a generally vertically oriented gas suspension calcining furnace, whereby said preheated raw material is thereafter suspended in an ascending stream of heated gas to thereby pass vertically upwardly through the gas suspension calcining furnace;(b) passing the ascending gas stream through a plurality of burners, into which fuel and air are injected, that are vertically spaced from each other, in the gas suspension furnace, at a number of levels in the flow direction of the heated gas, and(c) collecting the calcined product.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for preparing magnesia having reduced hydration tendency, wherein magnesia particles are treated with a solution of an inorganic acid, an organic acid an/or salts thereof, as well as hydration resistant magnesia thus obtained, a dry mixture for preparing magnesia based castables and magnesia based castables containing magnesia thus obtained.

Abstract: A process for producing a powder material for niobium-containing lead perovskite ceramics represented by the general formula:PbA.sub.x Nb.sub.1-x O.sub.3,wherein X=1/2 or 1/3, A represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, Mn, Mg, Zn, Cd, Zr, In, Cu and Hf. A dried mixture of a sol or a suspension of a hydroxide a component A which has a lower activity than Pb and a niobic acid sol is first calcinated. A Pb compound is then added with the mixture and the resultant mixture is calcinated again.

Abstract: Novel magnesium hydroxide having a fine, plate-like crystalline structure, a median particle size of up to about 1 micron and a particle size distribution in which about 90% of said magnesium hydroxide particles are less than about 3.5 microns is prepared by a flash precipitation process in which less than or greater than an equivalent amount of alkaline material is reacted with a magnesium salt in a concentrated aqueous mixture thereof. Ultrasonic mixing means is used to combine heated aqueous streams of an alkaline material and a magnesium containing solution followed by a post heat treatment. The magnesium hydroxide is especially useful in providing flame retardancy in admixture with thermoplastic resins.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing metal oxide powder. A first solution, which is substantially organic, is prepared. A second solution, which is an aqueous solution substantially immiscible in the first solution, is prepared and delivered as drops to the first solution. The drops of the second solution are atomized by a pulsed electric field forming micro-drops of the second solution. Reagents in the first solution diffuse into and react with reactants in the micro-drops of the second solution forming metal hydroxide or oxalate particles. The metal hydroxide or metal oxalate particles are then recovered and dried to produce the metal oxide powder. An apparatus for preparing a metal oxide powder is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making high T.sub.c 1-2-3 superconductors having perovskite structure using solution techniques is disclosed. The process uses two solvent systems to form a resinous preceramic material having a controlled viscosity for facilitating its formation into superconducting articles such as fibers, wires, ribbons, films and the like. The process yields a pre-ceramic which is flexible and which has sufficient structural integrity to withstand normal handling.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the formation of homogeneous, aqueous precursor mixtures of at least one substantially soluble metal salt and a substantially soluble, combustible co-reactant compound, typically an amino acid. This produces, upon evaporation, a substantially homogeneous intermediate material having a total solids level which would support combustion. The homogeneous intermediate material essentially comprises highly dispersed or solvated metal constituents and the co-reactant compound. The intermediate material is quite flammable. A metal oxide powder results on ignition of the intermediate product which combusts same to produce the product powder.

Abstract: A stabilized, pressure-hydrated magnesium hydroxide slurry and a process for its production from burnt magnesite are described. According to an embodiment of the invention, a mixture comprising burnt natural magnesite and water is pressure hydrated to provide a pressure hydrated slurry. The pressure hydrated slurry is then deagglomerated. If desired, chloride ions and cationic polymer can be added to further stabilize the slurry.