Abstract: A contaminated water disinfectant and method including a quantity of substantially dry soluble alkali metal ferrate (VI) particles. A porous sealed packet contains the particles in a quantity sufficient to disinfect a predetermined quantity of contaminated water by oxygenation. A quantity of substantially dry insoluble inert particles are also contained within said packet and are of sufficient weight to cause the packet to at least partially sink into the contaminated water. The packet is formed of a porous sheet material capable of passing oxygen and water therethrough while preventing undissolved ferrate and inert particles from passing from the packet and entering the water.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of nanoparticles of metal oxides containing inserted metal particles and to metal-intercalated and/or metal-encaged “inorganic fullerene-like” (hereinafter IF) structures of metal chalcogenides obtained therefrom is provided, which comprises heating a metal I material with water vapor or electron beam evaporation of said metal I material with water or another suitable solvent, in the presence of a metal II salt, and recovering the metal II-doped metal I oxide, or proceeding to subsequent sulfidization, yielding bulk quantities of metal II-intercalated or metal II-encaged IF structures of the metal I chalcogenide. The metal II salt is preferably an alkaline, alkaline earth or transition metal salt, most preferably an alkali chloride. The intercalated and/or encaged IF structures are usable as lubricants. They also form stable suspensions, e.g.

Abstract: A liquid alkali composition for use in fiber reactive dyeing of cotton and cotton blended fabrics or the like. The liquid alkali is a solution of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and potassium carbonate formed by reaction of CO2 with the potassium hydroxide solution, and adding sodium hydroxide to the resultant mixture. The resulting supersaturated solution has a high enough Total Alkalinity to achieve reaction between the dye, including vinyl sulfone dyes, and fiber but is sufficiently buffered to achieve this reaction slowly so that the fiber reactive dyes fix in a level, uniform fashion. Preferably the composition includes potassium carbonate, potassium citrate, and potassium polyacrylate. The citrate and polyacrylate act as dispersants in the dyeing process and also act as crystallization inhibitors in solution. The use of the carbonate compounds of the present invention in place of conventional silicates or phosphorus prevents the discharge of untreatable toxic wastewater into natural waterways.

Abstract: The invention is a process which provides a high purity lithiated manganese oxide (Li1+xMn2−yO4) from chemically made MnO2. The lithiated manganese oxide has an especially effective utility for use as a cathodic material in rechargeable batteries. The process of the invention includes blending a lithium compound with a chemically made manganese dioxide to form a manganese dioxide/lithium compound blend. The lithium compound in the blend is at least about one mole of lithium for every mole of manganese dioxide. The manganese dioxide and lithium compound in the blend undergo an ion exchange reaction to provide an ion replaced product where lithium ions have replaced sodium and potassium ions in the MnO2 to form an ion replaced product. Thereafter, the ion replaced product is heated or calcined to provide the lithiated manganese oxide.

Abstract: The microwave properties of numerous perovskite antimonates like A2MeSbO6 where A=Ba or Sr, Me=a rare earth, Y, Sc, Ga, or In and A4MeSb3O12 where A=Ba or Sr and M=Li, Na or K were measured at 10 Ghz and 300 K. Using the microwave properties and lattice parameters of these materials, the Clausius-Mossotti relationship and a nonlinear regression fitting program, the polarizability of Sb5+ was investigated and determined to be 1.18±0.49 A3. This low polarizability and the low loss of antimonates in general indicate that Sb5+ is an excellent candidate for use as a constituent in the fabrication of low dielectric constant, low loss, lattice matching perovskite oxide microwave substrates.

Abstract: Disclosed are certain catalysts and catalyst support materials and processes for the preparation of the catalyst support materials and for the selective hydrogenation of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene (EpB) to 1,2-epoxy-butane (butylene oxide—BO). The catalyst support materials have micropores filled with one or more inorganic oxides and the supported catalysts comprise one or more Group VIII metals deposited on the support materials. The rhodium-containing supported catalysts are especially useful for the selective hydrogenation of EpB to BO.

Abstract: A new family of crystalline metal oxide compositions have been synthesized. These compositions are described by the empirical formula: AnNbMxM′yM″mOp where A is an alkali metal cation, ammonium ion and mixtures thereof, M is tungsten, molybdenum, or mixtures thereof. M′ is vanadium, tantalum and mixtures thereof, and M″ is antimony, tellurium and mixtures thereof. M′ and M″ are optional metals. These compositions are characterized by having an x-ray diffraction pattern having at least one peak at a d spacing of about 3.9 Å. A hydrothermal synthesis procedure as well as processes using the composition, e.g., ammoxidation of propane, are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention is a metal-zirconium oxide material made by sol-gel techniques from alkoxides including heterometallic alkoxides. The heterometallic alkoxides include zirconium and another metal selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metal. Optionally, in forming this material, heterometallic alkoxides of zirconium and lanthanide metal may be included during sol-gel processing, as well as mono-metal alkoxides of these metals or zirconium.

Abstract: The invention is a method for treating exhaust gas containing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides generated by a lean burn internal combustion engine. It includes bringing the exhaust gas into contact with a particular metal-zirconium oxide material made by sol-gel processing and which includes at least 0.1 wt. % precious metal. The alkoxides include heterometallic alkoxides containing zirconium and alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. Optionally the oxide may contain a lanthanide metal. Under lean-burn conditions nitrogen oxides are absorbed on the oxide and when the oxygen concentration is lowered the absorbed nitrogen oxide are desorbed and reduced over the precious metal.

Abstract: Method for the oxidation of at least one alkali metal, according to which this alkali metal is subjected in molten condition to an oxidation by a reaction with oxygen, characterized in that the molten alkali metal is dispersed in a fluidized bed (6) and is subjected to an oxidation by a reaction with oxygen in this bed (6), whereby the oxides formed in this manner are subjected to a carbonation by a reaction with carbonic gas supplied to the aforementioned bed (6).

Abstract: In a process for preparing crystalline NaOH.3.5H.sub.2 O, NaOH.3.5H.sub.2 O is allowed to crystallize from an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution which contains sodium chloride and is saturated in respect of NaOH.3.5H.sub.2 O and the crystals formed are separated from the solution using a mechanical solid/liquid separation apparatus, wherein the solid/liquid separation is carried out under conditions under which the crystalline NaOH.3.5H.sub.2 O is freed sufficiently of residual solution adhering to the surface for the sodium chloride content of the crystalline NaOH.3.5H.sub.2 O obtained to be less than 100 mg per kg. The crystalline NaOH.3.5H.sub.2 O is subjected to an additional purification step, which may include the at least superficial melting or the at least superficial dissolution of the crystals, in combination with a solid/liquid separation step. The additional purification step. The additional purification step comprises washing the crystalline NaOH.3.5H.sub.2 O separated off.

Abstract: Disclosed is a positive electrode material for a secondary lithium battery excellent in high temperature cycle characteristics which is a lithium manganese oxyfluoride having a spinel structure, wherein the oxyfluoride has a composition represented by the composition formula:Li.sub.1+x Mn.sub.2-x O.sub.4-y F.sub.zwherein x represents a number of from 0.0133 to 0.3333; y represents a number of from 0 to 0.2 (exclusive of 0); and z represents a number of from 0.01 to 0.2 (exclusive of 0.01), with the proviso that (y-z) is more than 0 but not more than 0.07. The positive electrode material for a secondary lithium battery of the present invention exhibits not only a high cycle durability of charge/discharge but also a minimum drop of a charge/discharge initial capacity to provide a high energy density.

Abstract: The Li.sub.x Mn.sub.2 O.sub.4 powder for cathode active material of a lithium secondary battery of the present invention is prepared by a method of comprising the steps of mixing an acetate aqueous solution using Li acetate and Mn acetate as metal precursors, and a chelating agent aqueous solution using PVB, GA, PAA or GC as a chelating agent; heating the mixed solution at 70.about.90.degree. C. to form a sol; further heating the sol at 70.about.90.degree. C. to form a gel precursor; calcining the produced gel precursor at 200 .about.900.degree. C. for 5.about.30 hours under atmosphere. The cathode active material, Li.sub.x Mn.sub.2 O.sub.4 powder for a lithium secondary battery in accordance with the present invention has a uniform particle size distribution, a high crystallinity and a pure spinel-phase, and a particle size, a specific surface area, a lattice of a cubic structure and the like can be controlled upon the preparing conditions. The present invention also provides a method of preparing LiNi.sub.

Abstract: A mixture of a cobalt compound and a lithium compound is calcined at a temperature of 250.degree. C. to 1,000.degree. C., where said cobalt compound has a cobalt content of 68.5.+-.6% by weight, its composition is substantially represented by a formula H.sub.x CoO.sub.y provided that 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1.4 and 1.3.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.2.2, the half value width of a diffraction peak showing a maximum intensity in the neighborhood of 2.theta.=36-40 degrees in X-ray diffraction using CuK.alpha. as a radiation source is greater than 0.31 degrees, and the relation between the cobalt content and the half value width is represented by the following formula:Half value width (degrees).gtoreq.7.5-0.1.times.(Cobalt content) (% by weight). This provides an inexpensive and simple process for producing a lithium-cobalt composite oxide having uniform crystals, and a high-performance electrode active material for use in lithium secondary cells in high capacity and excellent in the charging-discharging cycle characteristics.

Abstract: Applicant has synthesized a family of novel non-pillared metal oxide compositions which have a triple layered perovskite structure and a surface area of at least 30 m.sup.2 /g. These compositions are described by the empirical formulaAB.sub.2 M.sub.3 O.sub.10-xwhere A is a monovalent exchangeable cation such as cesium, B is a divalent or trivalent cation such as strontium or lanthanum and M is a +2, +3, +4 or a +5 valent metal such as niobium, titanium, aluminum or copper.

Abstract: A process for providing elemental metals or metal oxides distributed on a carbon substrate or self-supported utilizing graphite oxide as a precursor. The graphite oxide is exposed to one or more metal chlorides to form an intermediary product comprising carbon, metal, chloride, and oxygen This intermediary product can be flier processed by direct exposure to carbonate solutions to form a second intermediary product comprising carbon, metal carbonate, and oxygen. Either intermediary product may be further processed: a) in air to produce metal oxide; b) in an inert environment to produce metal oxide on carbon substrate; c) in a reducing environment to produce elemental metal distributed on carbon substrate. The product generally takes the shape of the carbon precursor.

Abstract: The potassium titanate of the present invention comprises particles of a diameter of 3 .mu.m or less and a length of 5 .mu.m or more with a ratio of the length to the diameter of 3:1 or more, at a content in number of 3% or less, with no hazardous particles contained therein from the respect of health and hygiene. The potassium titanate can be produced by heating a Ti source and a K source as the raw materials to a final TiO.sub.2 :K.sub.2 O ratio of 5.5:1 to 6.5:1 at a temperature elevation rate of 20.degree. C./min in the temperature region above 800.degree. C.

Abstract: Lithium compound and nickel oxyhydroxide containing a transition metal (Me) such as V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn and Co are suspended in water or in an organic solvent, and the solution is reacted with each other in an autoclave by a hydrothermal method to thereby synthesize transition metal-containing lithium nickelate.

Abstract: Nominal composition V.sub.2 O.sub.4.5 (OH) materials suitable for intercalations of greater than 2.4 Li per V.sub.2 O.sub.5 to yield theoretical energy density of greater than 970 Wh/Kg of cathode active material, the intercalation being completely reversible and synthesis of the materials from sol and gels, and devices incorporating these materials.

Abstract: Basic hydrogen peroxide used in chemical oxygen lasers can be produced using a lithium based lithium hydroxide with a lithium hydroxide makeup of the reacted basic hydrogen peroxide. Lithium hydroxide, water and hydrogen peroxide are mixed and 1) passed over a lithium hydroxide solid bed or 2) premixed with small particulate solid lithium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide monohydrate. The basic hydrogen peroxide produced is chilled and stored cold until mixed with chlorine to produce singlet delta oxygen for use in the chemical oxygen iodine laser. The spent basic hydrogen peroxide is rejuvenated by passing it over a solid lithium hydroxide or in-situ solid particulate lithium hydroxides. After dissolution, the rejuvenated basic hydrogen peroxide is then reacted with chlorine to produce more singlet delta oxygen.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery comprising a positive electrode composed of a positive electrode active material comprising an oxide compound comprising at least Li and Ni, and a negative electrode comprising an Li--Ag--Te alloy, a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery, which is composed of an oxide compound represented by the formula:LiNi.sub.w Al.sub.x P.sub.y O.sub.zwherein 0.80<w<1.10, 0<x<0.015, 0<y<0.03 and 1.8.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.2.2, and a lithium secondary battery comprising said positive electrode active material. The lithium secondary battery of the present invention shows large charge-discharge capacity, high energy density, less degradation by the repetitive charge-discharge and is superior in cycle property. The positive electrode active material of the present invention, which is composed of an oxide compound represented by the formula LiNi.sub.w Al.sub.x P.sub.y O.sub.

Abstract: A lithium nickel copper composite oxide having the compositional formula Li.sub.2 Ni.sub.1-X Cu.sub.X O.sub.2 (0.0<X<1.0), which has a novel structure and enables the formation of a novel positive electrode active material having larger capacity than conventional ones, and further a secondary battery having large capacity by combining this novel positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material made from a carbon material or the like.

Abstract: A lithium iron oxide which can be used as an electrode active material for a lithium battery is disclosed. A lithium iron oxide represented by Li.sub.x FeO.sub.2, where 0<x<2, having a tunnel structure similar to .beta.-FeO(OH) can be synthesized by heating a suspension prepared by suspending .beta.-FeO(OH) and a lithium compound in an alcohol at a temperature of not lower than 50.degree. C., more preferably at a temperature of lower than the boiling point of the alcohol used for the suspension.

Abstract: The cycling stability and capacity of Li-ion rechargeable batteries are improved, particularly in an elevated temperature range of about 55.degree. C., by the use of lithium magnesium manganese oxy-fluoride electrode components having the general formula, Li.sub.1+x Mg.sub.y Mn.sub.2-x-y O.sub.4-z F.sub.z, where x.ltoreq.0.2, 0.1.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.3, and 0.01.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.5.

Abstract: A process for pretreating a spent caustic stream prior to oxidation includes countercurrent multi-stage elevated temperature solvent extraction of dissolved organic material from the spent caustic using a solvent to yield a spent caustic raffinate containing only residual amounts of organic solute. The raffinate is steam distilled to remove the residual organic solutes, yielding a pretreated spent caustic stream substantially free of organic material. The pretreated spent caustic is suitable for use in a Kraft paper process or for oxidation prior to recycle or disposal. Solvent extract from the extractor is regenerated in a solvent regenerator having an overhead stream for purging light ends, a bottom stream for purging heavy ends, and a heart-cut side stream for recycling solvent to the extractor.

Abstract: A process for providing elemental metals or metal oxides distributed on a carbon substrate or self-supported utilizing graphite oxide as a precursor. The graphite oxide is exposed to one or more metal chlorides to form an intermediary product comprising carbon, metal, chloride, and oxygen. This intermediary product can be further processed by direct exposure to carbonate solutions to form a second intermediary product comprising carbon, metal carbonate, and oxygen. Either intermediary product may be further processed: a) in air to produce metal oxide; b) in an inert environment to produce metal oxide on carbon substrate; c) in a reducing environment to produce elemental metal distributed on carbon substrate. The product generally takes the shape of the carbon precursor.

Abstract: A method for producing engineered materials from salt/polymer aqueous solutions in which an aqueous continuous phase having at least one metal cation salt is mixed with a hydrophilic organic polymeric disperse phase so as to form a metal cation/polymer gel. The metal cation/polymer gel is then treated to form a structural mass precursor, which structural mass precursor is heated, resulting in formation of a structural mass having predetermined characteristics based upon the intended application of the structural mass.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrochemical cells, and more particularly to secondary lithium intercalation cells. Nickel is employed as a component "M" in an active cathode material represented by the formula Li.sub.x M.sub.y O.sub.z, where "x" and "y" are generally about 1, and "z" is generally about 2. In the present invention "M.sub.y " is divided into two components, a first major component of nickel, corresponding to at least 70% of "M.sub.y," and a second minor component comprising at least one of a non-transition metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, tin, and zinc, and in some embodiments at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of scandium and the Period 5 metals having atomic numbers between 39 and 42. A two-stage reaction process for making the compounds of the active cathode materials of the present invention is described.

Abstract: Insertion compounds that are not stable in pure water can be prepared by an aqueous electrochemical method. The pH of the electrolyte and/or the concentration of ions of the inserted species must be sufficiently high to provide stability for the product compound. The method is useful for further lithiation of conventional lithium ion battery cathode materials.

Abstract: A convenient process for making builder material which has substantially improved performance and is significantly less expensive than previous builders is provided. The builder material has improved performance in that it unexpectedly has a high calcium ion exchange capacity and rate, and is easy to handle, process and disperse in washing solutions. In its broadest aspect, the invention is directed to a process involving converting starting materials (via any means including but not limited to heating and precipitating) to a builder material having at least one crystalline microstructure including a carbonate anion, calcium cation and at least one water-soluble cation. The microstructure should have a sufficient number of anions and cations so as to be "balanced" or "neutral" in charge.

Abstract: An improved electrochromic layer containing M.sub.X WO.sub.Y, M.sub.X NiO.sub.Y, M.sub.X VO.sub.Y, M.sub.X MoO.sub.Y, M.sub.XCrO.sub.Y, M.sub.X RuO.sub.Y, M.sub.X IrO.sub.Y, or M.sub.X TiO.sub.Y, where M is selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, X is less than 0.06 and Y is in the range from 2 to 3.2. The layer contains the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal when the electrochromic layer is formed.

Abstract: A process for producing nano size powders comprising the steps of mixing an aqueous continuous phase comprising at least one metal cation salt with a hydrophilic organic polymeric disperse phase, forming a metal cation salt/polymer gel, and heat treating the gel at a temperature sufficient to drive off water and organics within the gel, leaving as a residue a nanometer particle-size powder.

Abstract: A non-aqueous liquid electrolyte secondary cell employs a vanadium-containing lithium cobalt composite oxide Li.sub.x V.sub.y Co.sub.1-y O.sub.2, where 1.00.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1.10 and 0.01.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.04, is employed as an active material for the positive electrode. Since the vanadium-containing lithium cobalt composite oxide is highly developed in its laminar crystal structure and has a larger grain size, the non-aqueous liquid crystal secondary cell is produced which is high in electrode bulk density and superior in storage characteristics by employing the vanadium-containing lithium cobalt composite oxide as the active material for the positive electrode.

Abstract: High-purity, sintered spherical Li.sub.2 O granules is produced by a gel precipitation technique. Li.sub.2 CO.sub.3 powder is dispersed in an aqueous solution of a water-soluble resin, whose drops are transferred through a nozzle into a solidifying acetone bath. Spherical gel particles in which Li.sub.2 CO.sub.3 is dispersed are formed in the acetone bath. The spherical gel particles are dried, calcined, thermally decomposed and sintered.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for conversion in a container of reactive material comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium and lithium into its respective metal hydroxide. First the container is purged of essentially all oxygen with an essentially dry gas that is inert with respect to the reactive material. Next, a carrier gas is introduced into the container that is inert with respect to the reactive material. The humidity of the carrier gas, the temperatures of the reactive material, condensing surfaces inside the container, and the carrier gas are all suitable to allow water to condense out of the carrier gas once the carrier gas contacts the condensing surfaces and the reactive material. The condensed water will then react with the reactive material thereby forming the respective metal hydroxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: The invention provides a manganese dioxide-based material which is highly crystalline and chemically prepared. The material has a predominantly ramsdellite structure, and has a powder X-ray diffraction pattern (CuK.sub..alpha. radiation) in which the ratio of a [110] peak height to a [201] peak height is at least 0,6:1,0. The material can be used as an electrode material in an electrochemical cell 10.

Abstract: Optoelectric article includes a substrate made of an optoelectric single crystal and a film of a single crystal of lithium niobate formed on the substrate by a liquid phase epitaxial process, wherein a ratio of lithium/niobium of a composition of the film of the lithium niobate single crystal falls in a range of 48.6/51.4 to 49.5 to 50.5 or 50.5/49.5 to 52.3/47.7.

Abstract: Anions of the formula (I):[DA.sub.5 M.sub.30-x O.sub.110-x (M'L).sub.x ].sup.m- (I)in which D is Na.sup.+, Ca.sup.2+ ; A is P, As, Sb, Si, Ge, or combinations thereof, M is W.sup.5+, W.sup.6+, or mixtures thereof; M' is a metallic element from groups 2 to 15 of the periodic table; other than W; L is O.sup.2-, OH.sup.-, H.sub.2 O; x is 0-10; and m is 10-20; selectively react with cations Z.sup.n+ to afford anions of the formula (II):[ZA.sub.5 M.sub.30-x O.sub.110-x (M'L).sub.x ].sup.(m+1-n)-(II)wherein n is 3 or 4; Z=Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y, or Bi, when n=3, and Z=Ce, U, Np, Pu, or Am, when n =4. This reaction may be used for the selective encapsulation of lanthanide or actinide cations, and salts containing anions of formula (II) may be vitrified to form glasses or reduced to form tungsten "bronze" materials suitable for the long-term storage of radioactive lanthanides or actinides.

Abstract: Photorefractive crystals having the formula K.sub.1-y Li.sub.y Ta.sub.1-x Nb.sub.x O.sub.3 wherein x is between 0 and 1 and y is between 0.0001 and 0.15. The crystals are useful as a photorefractive material for use in optical systems. The crystals may be doped with various first transition elements and lanthanides including copper, vanadium, chromium, iron, and manganese, nickel, europium and cerium.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing Li.sub.2 M.sub.b Mn.sub.2-b O.sub.4 comprising the steps of providing LiM.sub.b Mn.sub.2-b O.sub.4 ; providing a source of lithium; dissolving lithium from the lithium source in a liquid medium in which lithium generates solvated electrons or the reduced form of an electron-transfer catalyst; and contacting the LiM.sub.b Mn.sub.2-b O.sub.4 with the liquid medium containing the dissolved lithium and the solvated electrons or the reduced form of the electron-transfer catalyst, wherein M is selected from the group Al, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu.

Abstract: A liquid alkali composition for use in fiber reactive dyeing of cotton and cotton blended fabrics or the like. The liquid alkali is a solution of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and potassium carbonate formed by reaction of CO.sub.2 with the potassium hydroxide solution, and adding sodium hydroxide to the resultant mixture. The resulting supersaturated solution has a high enough Total Alkalinity to achieve reaction between the dye, including vinyl sulfone dyes, and fiber but is sufficiently buffered to achieve this reaction slowly so that the fiber reactive dyes fix in a level, uniform fashion. Preferably the composition includes potassium carbonate, potassium citrate, and potassium polyacrylate. The citrate and polyacrylate act as dispersants in the dyeing process and also act as crystallization inhibitors in solution.

Abstract: A method of making chemically and electrochemically stable oxides or other chalcogenides for use as cathodes for power source applications, and of making batteries comprising such materials.

Abstract: The present invention consists in a rechargeable cell having an anode made from materials in which lithium can be inserted, a cathode and an electrolyte constituted by a solution of a lithium salt in a non-aqueous solvent. The material of said cathode includes at least one substance which is a yellow-green single-phase oxide of lithium and manganese with an orthorhombic crystal structure with the following lattice parameters: a=0.459.+-.0.004 nm, b=0.577.+-.0.004 nm and c=0.281.+-.0.003 nm and containing lithium ions in a molar ratio Li/Mn such that 0.85.ltoreq.Li/Mn.ltoreq.1.10. After a first charge said substance is discharged in two stages of which the higher is at a mean voltage greater than 3.5 volts relative to the lithium.

Abstract: An image forming method comprises the steps of (a) exposing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material comprising a first support and provided thereon, a photographic component layer comprising a first binder, light sensitive silver halide and a sparingly water soluble metal compound; (b) superposing the exposed material on an image receiving material comprising a second support and provided thereon, an image receiving layer comprising a second binder and a compound represented by Formula (I), ##STR1## wherein A represents a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic ring; and M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 independently represent an alkali metal atom, an ammonium ion or a quaternary ammonium ion; (c) heating the superposed materials in the presence of water; and (d) separating the image receiving material from the exposed material to obtain an image on the image receiving layer of the image receiving material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for conversion in a container of reactive material comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium and lithium into its respective metal hydroxide. First the container is purged of essentially all oxygen with an essentially dry gas that is inert with respect to the reactive material. Next, a carrier gas is introduced into the container that is inert with respect to the reactive material. The humidity of the carrier gas, the temperatures of the reactive material, condensing surfaces inside the container, and the carrier gas are all suitable to allow water to condense out of the carrier gas once the carrier gas contacts the condensing surfaces and the reactive material. The condensed water will then react with the reactive material thereby forming the respective metal hydroxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: A liquid alkali composition fiber reactive dyeing of cotton and cotton blended fabrics. The liquid alkali is a solution of an alkali metal hydroxide and its carbonate formed by reaction of liquid CO.sub.2 with the alkali metal hydroxide solution. The resulting supersaturated solution has a high enough Total Alkalinity to achieve reaction between the dye and fiber but is sufficiently buffered to achieve this reaction slowly so that the fiber reactive dyes fix in a level, uniform fashion, Preferably the composition is a mixture of potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium citrate, and potassium polyacrylate. The citrate and polyacrylate act as dispersants in the dyeing process and also act as crystallization inhibitors in solution. The use of the carbonate compounds of the present invention in place of conventional silicates or phosphorus prevents the discharge of untreatable toxic wastewater into natural waterways.

Abstract: Anions of the formula (I):[DA.sub.5 M.sub.30-x O.sub.110-x (M'L).sub.x ].sup.m- (I)in which D is Na.sup.+, Ca.sup.2+; A is P, As, Sb, Si, Ge, or combinations thereof M is W.sup.5+, W.sup.6.alpha., or mixtures thereof; M' is a metallic element from groups 2 to 15 of the periodic table; other than W; L is O.sup.2-, OH.sup.-, H.sub.2 O; x is 0-10; and m is 10-20; selectively react with cations Z.sup.n+ to afford anions of the formula (II):[ZA.sub.5 M.sub.30-x O.sub.110-x (M'L).sub.x ].sup.(m+1-n)- (II)wherein n is 3 or 4; Z=Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y, or Bi, when n=3, and Z=Ce, U, Np, Pu, or Am, when n=4. This reaction may be used for the selective encapsultion of lanthanide or actinide cations, and salts containing anions of formula (II) may be vitrified to form glasses or reduced to form tungsten "bronze" materials suitable for the long-germ storage of radioactive lanthanides or actinides.

Abstract: 0.1% or more of Mg by weight is added to lithium tantalate monocrystal materials wherein the amount of Fe is restricted to 10 ppm by weight or less to improve light transmittance in the short wavelength range of blue light and to shift the fundamental absorption edge to the shorter wavelength.

Abstract: Fine particles of vanadium oxide or compound thereof, respectively represented by the general formulas V.sub.2 O.sub.5 and LiV.sub.3 O.sub.8, are prepared by freeze-drying a wet mixture containing a precursor. Alternatively, such oxide or compound is prepared in fine particle form intimately mixed with fine particles of carbon, also by freeze-drying.

Abstract: Ferritin analogs comprising an apoferritin protein shell and a core substantially devoid of ferrihydrite, e.g. of inorganic composition such as aluminum hydroxide or organic composition such as acetaminophen. The protein shell can be removed from ferritin analog to produce spherules having a substantially monomodal nominal diameter between about 45 and 100 Angstroms.