Abstract: A method of making an array of aligned hafnium oxide nanotubes is provided. The method includes generating a first reactant gas from a first solution comprising a first hafnium precursor dissolved in a first solvent. Directing the flow of the first reactant gas over a substrate to form a seed layer that comprises particles of hafnium oxide. The method further includes generating a second reactant gas from a second solution comprising a second hafnium precursor dissolved in a second solvent. Directing the flow of the second reactant gas over the seed layer to form the array of aligned hafnium oxide nanotubes substantially perpendicular on a surface of the substrate. A method of using the array of aligned hafnium oxide tubes for detection of toxic gases in a gas sample is also provided.

Abstract: A molten bath-based direct smelting process comprises controlling the process conditions in a direct smelting vessel so that molten slag in a molten bath of metal and slag in the vessel has a viscosity in a range of 0.5-5 poise when the slag temperature is in the range of 1400-1550° C. in the molten bath in the vessel.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to processes for recovering rare earth elements from an aluminum-bearing material. The processes can comprise leaching the aluminum-bearing material with an acid so as to obtain a leachate comprising at least one aluminum ion, at least one iron ion, at least one rare earth element, and a solid, and separating the leachate from the solid. The processes can also comprise substantially selectively removing at least one of the at least one aluminum ion and the at least one iron ion from the leachate and optionally obtaining a precipitate. The processes can also comprise substantially selectively removing the at least one rare earth element from the leachate and/or the precipitate.

Abstract: The disclosure relates generally to recovering bond coat materials and barrier coat materials from co-mingled mixtures of bond coat and barrier coat materials (e.g., plasma overspray waste), and from mixtures of co-mingled bond coat and barrier coat materials stripped from a substrate. The disclosure also relates to recovering rare earth elements (e.g., yttrium) from a barrier coat of the co-mingled plasma overspray waste or mixture of co-mingled bond coat and barrier coat materials stripped from the substrate.

Abstract: A method is presented for recovery, in reusable form, of rare earth minerals and zirconia from waste materials containing them. The method includes: mixing an ammonium sulfate powder and a powder containing the oxide waste material; heating the mixture to decompose the waste into a residue; dissolving the residue in water; separating rare earth constituents from the solution; and subsequently using the separated rare earth constituent (salt or solution) as a raw material. Moreover, the reactants used in the recovery may be recovered by appropriate precipitation and concentration operations.

Abstract: A zircon body for use in glass manufacturing is provided containing zircon grains and an intergranular phase present between the zircon grains The intergranular phase may contain silicon oxide. The body may be exposed to a halide to at least partially remove at least a majority of the silicon oxide contained in the intergranular phase from the outer portion or to at least partially remove the intergranular phase along an outer portion of the component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a calcium carbonate having a surface charge, the preparing process thereof and filler for producing a paper using the same. The present invention provides the process of preparing a calcium carbonate having a surface charge, characterized in that it comprises the following steps of: preparing a solution mixture of one or more monomer selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, acrylic acid, acrylamide, or [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]-trimethylammonium chloride; removing dissolved gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide in the said solution by injecting nitrogen (N2) gas; adjusting pH of the said solution; and inducing a reaction by adding polymerization initiator of a high molecule while injecting carbon dioxide to the said mixture.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of recovering inorganic pigment such as TiO2 from a coating composition that includes liquid, an organic component, and an inorganic component. The coating composition is thermally treated to remove at least a portion of the organic component and yield an inorganic pigment composition having a higher concentration of the inorganic pigment (TiO2) than in the original coating composition.

Abstract: A particulate porous spherical titanium dioxide has a TiO2 content of at least 99.0% by weight, a particle size d50 in the range of 30 to 350 ?m, a tight particle size distribution (B 90/10) in the region of a maximum of 120 ?m, a pore diameter of 1 to 30 nm, a pore volume of at least 0.1 cm3/g, and a surface area of 30 to 300 m2/g (BET).

Abstract: The present invention provides for a process for handling carbonyl sulfide waste and waste metal halides produced in industrial processes and, more particularly chlorination processes. The process includes the steps of hydrolyzing the carbonyl sulfide to produce a waste stream containing hydrogen sulfide and sulfidizing the resulting hydrogen sulfide containing stream with a solution of the waste metal halides. The resulting metal sulfide and metal halide-containing stream can be neutralized before disposal of the produced waste solids.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a process for handling carbonyl sulfide waste and waste metal halides produced in industrial processes and, more particularly chlorination processes. The process includes the steps of hydrolyzing the carbonyl sulfide to produce a waste stream containing hydrogen sulfide and sulfidizing the resulting hydrogen sulfide containing stream with a solution of the waste metal halides. The resulting metal sulfide and metal halide-containing stream can be neutralized before disposal of the produced waste solids.

Abstract: A method to recycle TiB2 articles, and in particular, a method to recycle a TiB2 feedstock including TiB2 articles and Ti-ore and/or Ti-slag by chlorination.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include a process for regenerating a titanium silicalite catalyst by contacting the fouled titanium silicalite catalyst with a regeneration solution that includes at least one oxidizing agent.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to reacting tin metal with crude TiCl4 containing arsenic to produce pure TiCl4, SnCl4, and an arsenic solid co-product. In some embodiments, the contaminant vanadium is removed as well. In another embodiment, the vanadium is removed separately through a commercial process and the resulting arsenic containing commercial grade of purified TiCl4 is reacted with elemental tin, sulfur and ferric chloride to substantially reduce the arsenic. The reaction is preferably done in a continuous fashion in two stages for maximum through-put and utility at an elevated temperature. Distillation can be used to purify the TiCl4 produced and simultaneously yield a purified SnCl4 product. The synthesis of SnCl4 in this method utilizes waste chloride to save virgin chlorine which would otherwise be used.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to reacting tin metal with crude TiCl4 containing arsenic to produce pure TiCl4, SnCl4, and an arsenic solid co-product. In some embodiments, the contaminant vanadium is removed as well. The reaction is preferably done in a continuous fashion in two stages for maximum through-put and utility at an elevated temperature. Distillation can be used to purify the TiCl4 produced and simultaneously yield a purified SnCl4 product. The synthesis of SnCl4 in this method utilizes waste chloride to save virgin chlorine which would otherwise be used.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process/system for the removal of metal chloride impurities from a titanium tetrachloride stream. The metal chloride impurities are removed through contact of the titanium tetrachloride stream with a sorbent material comprising a member selected from the group consisting of an alumino-silicate, activated alumina, ultrafine TiO2, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A process for extracting metal values from ores or residues is disclosed. The process mentioned above is mainly suitable for aluminoferrous ores such as bauxite, titanoferrous ores such as ilmenite, or residues such as red mud waste. The process involves pulverizing the ore and/or residue and mixing with a carbonaceous material, followed by smelting the iron values and slag in the mixture to yield molten iron and oxides of aluminum and titanium. The process is simple, cost-effective, and provides effective extraction of high purity metal values.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions and processes for the production of stable, alkaline, high solids, low viscosity, low surface tension, low flammability, sub-micron titania sols that have minimal offensive odor and methods of their use. Compositions of the present invention include, for example, mixtures of strong and weak organic bases used as dispersants to stabilize the titania sols. The dispersant mixtures have been found to result in relatively high titania solids content, low surface tension, low viscosity suspensions that are low in flammability. Sols produced according to the present invention can be used, for example, in catalytic applications such as catalyst supports for diesel emission control, or in pollutant photocatalyst applications in which it is desirable to have the titania in sol form.

Abstract: A process for chlorinating ore, slag, mill scale, scrap, dust and other resources containing recoverable metals from the groups 4-6, 8-12, and 14 in the periodic table. The process comprises: a) forming a liquid fused salt melt consisting essentially of aluminum chloride and at least one other metal chloride selected from the group consisting of alkali metal chlorides and alkaline earth metal chlorides, wherein the aluminum chloride content in the liquid salt melt exceeds 10% by weight; b) introducing the recoverable metal resources into said liquid salt melt: c) reacting the aluminum chloride as chlorine donor with said recoverable metal resource to form metal chlorides, which are dissolved in the salt melt; and d) recovering the formed metal chlorides from the salt melt.

Abstract: A method for preparing a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery is provided. The preparing method includes: adding a phosphorus compound to a transition metal oxide dispersion liquid to prepare a coating liquid; drying the coating liquid to prepare a powder including phosphorus oxide coated on the surface of the transition metal oxide; and dry-mixing the powder coated with the phosphorus oxide with a lithium intercalation compound, and then firing the mixture to form a solid solution compound of L1-M1-M2-P—O (where M1 is a transition metal derived from transition metal oxide, and M2 is a metal derived from lithium intercalation compound) on the surface of the lithium intercalation compound. The method for preparing a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery simplifies the conventional preparing process to save process cost, and it provides comparable electrochemical characteristics to a cathode active material obtained from a wet process.

Abstract: A process for extracting metal values from ores or residues is disclosed. The process mentioned above is mainly suitable for aluminoferrous ores such as bauxite, titanoferrous ores such as ilmenite, or residues such as red mud waste. The process involves pulverizing the ore and/or residue and mixing with a carbonaceous material, followed by smelting the iron values and slag in the mixture to yield molten iron and oxides of aluminum and titanium. The process is simple, cost-effective, and provides effective extraction of high purity metal values.

Abstract: Stabilized precursor solutions can be used to form radiation inorganic coating materials. The precursor solutions generally comprise metal suboxide cations, peroxide-based ligands and polyatomic anions. Design of the precursor solutions can be performed to achieve a high level of stability of the precursor solutions. The resulting coating materials can be designed for patterning with a selected radiation, such as ultraviolet light, x-ray radiation or electron beam radiation. The radiation patterned coating material can have a high contrast with respect to material properties, such that development of a latent image can be successful to form lines with very low line-width roughness and adjacent structures with a very small pitch.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a device and method used to produce a tubular structure made of a refractory metal compound. In particular, the disclosure provides a device and method used to produce a tubular structure made of a refractory metal compound by reacting a green tubular structure made of a refractory metal with at least one reactive gas.

Abstract: A method of recovering rhenium (Re) and other metals from Re-bearing materials in the form of ammonium perrhenate having at least the step of adding Re-bearing materials into a leaching slurry. Additionally, the method has the step of adjusting the pH of the slurry to obtain Re in soluble form in a metal salt solution and insoluble residues; filtering the metal salt solution to remove the insoluble residues; selectively precipitating Re from the metal salt solution; filtering the Re precipitate from the metal salt solution to obtain a Re filtercake; and formulating and drying the Re filtercake to obtain a Re sulfide product. The method further has the step of combining the Re sulfide product with a Molybdenum (Mo) concentrate containing Re to obtain a Mo/Re concentrate; roasting the Mo/Re concentrate to obtain Mo oxide product and a flue gas containing Re; and treating the flue gas containing Re to obtain ammonium perrhenate.

Abstract: A process for recovering titanium as synthetic rutile from a titaniferous ore, for example a secondary ilmenite, includes the steps of treating the ore in a reducing atmosphere at elevated temperature above 1075° C. in the presence of a carbonaceous reductant whereby to convert the ilmenite to reduced ilmenite in which iron oxides in the ilmenite have been reduced to metallic iron, and separating out the metallic iron so as to obtain a synthetic rutile product. The carbonaceous reductant comprises a coal selected for a moisture content below 40%, a volatiles content greater than 30%, ash content below 10%, and a gasification reactivity that results in an increased rate of reduction of iron oxides and titanium species effective to achieve a TiO2 content of 90% or greater in the synthetic rutile product.

Abstract: A process for recovering titanium as synthetic rutile from an ilmenite unsuited to the standard Becher process by treating the ilmenite in a reducing atmosphere in the presence of a carbonaceous reductant to yield reduced ilmenite in which iron oxides in the ilmenite have been reduced to metallic iron, and separating the metallic iron to obtain a synthetic rutile product. The ilmenite is treated at an elevated temperature lower than that for which the TiO2 content of the synthetic rutile product is highest but at which there is substantially no reoxidation of metallic iron. The carbonaceous reductant comprises coal selected for a gasification reactivity that increases the rate of reduction of iron oxides and titanium species that at least partly offsets the lowered TiO2 content of synthetic rutile product resulting from the lower elevated temperature, and achieves a TiO2 content of ?90% in the synthetic rutile product.

Abstract: Monomelic materials are described, comprising inorganic nanoparticles having covalently bonded to their surface at least one polymerizable organic moiety, preferably an ethylenically unsaturated organic moiety. These monomeric materials combine desirable properties of the inorganic particulate material and of the organic monomer, in addition to having the unique properties of nano-sized particles.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a process for recycling ore in the chloride process, without the build-up of silica-containing gangue in the chlorination reactor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions and processes for the production of stable, alkaline, high solids, low viscosity, low surface tension, low flammability, sub-micron titania sols that have minimal offensive odor and methods of their use. Compositions of the present invention include, for example, mixtures of strong and weak organic bases used as dispersants to stabilize the titania sols. The dispersant mixtures have been found to result in relatively high titania solids content, low surface tension, low viscosity suspensions that are low in flammability. Sols produced according to the present invention can be used, for example, in catalytic applications such as catalyst supports for diesel emission control, or in pollutant photocatalyst applications in which it is desirable to have the titania in sol form.

Abstract: The invention intends to provide a single crystal material that can be used as a dielectric material for use in electronic devices, which has a high Qf value; and a process for producing the same. According to the invention, a single crystal of a composite oxide is obtained from a composition in which a slight amount of SrTiO3 is added to LaAlO3, and the (1-X)LaAlO3—XSrTiO3 single crystal material having the specific composition has such dielectric characteristics for electronic devices that the dielectric constant is 24 or more and the Qf value is 300,000 GHz or more, is considerably improved in the Qf value as a dielectric material, and can be applied to a high-temperature superconducting filter.

Abstract: A potassium titanate, method for manufacturing the potassium titanate, a friction material using the potassium titanate and a resin composition using the potassium titanate are disclosed. The potassium titanate is represented by K2TinO(2n+1) (n=4.0-11.0) and has the highest X-ray diffraction intensity peak (2?) in the range of 11.0°-13.5° with its half width being not less than 0.5°.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for removing titanium compounds from hexachlorodisilane, wherein hexachlorodisilane is treated with an organic compound (V) which contains the structural units ?C—S— or ?C—O—.

Abstract: A method for making a mono-dispersed metal titanate includes the steps of: (a) mixing titanate ester, metal salt, and rare earth metal salt in a molar ratio of 1:1:x in a reaction medium comprised of ethanol and water to form a solution, wherein x is in the range from 0 to 0.1; (b) heating the solution, under an alkaline condition to form a white sediment; (c) filtering out liquid part of the solution to obtain the white sediment, (d) washing the white sediment, and (e) drying the white sediment to obtain mono-dispersed metal titanate.

Abstract: Proppants which can be used to prop open subterranean formation fractions are described. Proppant formulations which use one or more proppants of the present invention are described, as well as methods to prop open subterranean formation fractions, and other uses for the proppants and methods of making the proppants.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for preparing a catalyst, which has excellent nitrogen oxide-removal performance and resistance over a wide temperature range, and the use of the catalyst. According to the disclosed method, the oxidation number and surface defects of the catalyst are changed by applying artificial high energy through mechanical ball milling during the preparation process of the catalyst, instead of applying the addition of a precious metal, the deformation of a support and the use of a co-catalyst in order to increase NOx removal activity, such that activation energy for inducing redox reactions can be decreased.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for efficiently manufacturing a titanium oxide-containing slag from a material including titanium oxide and iron oxide, wherein a reduction of titanium dioxide is suppressed and the electric power consumption is minimized. The method includes the steps of: heating a raw material mixture including titanium oxide, iron oxide, and a carbonaceous reductant, or the raw material mixture further including a calcium oxide source, in a reducing furnace; reducing the iron oxide in the mixture to form reduced iron; feeding the resultant mixture to a heating melting furnace; heating the resultant mixture in the heating melting furnace to melt the reduced iron and separate the reduced iron from a titanium oxide-containing slag; and discharging and recovering the titanium oxide-containing slag out of the furnace.

Abstract: A method of making a composite from a composition including a metal oxide precursor and polymer precursor by exposing the metal oxide precursor to a gas having a humidity level of about 40% to about 70% for at least about one hour.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cerium oxide-zirconium oxide-based mixed oxide having superior platinum dispersibility and a suitable OSC, and a simple production process thereof. The cerium oxide-zirconium oxide-based mixed oxide comprises cerium oxide and zirconium oxide, wherein (1) the weight ratio of CeO2:ZrO2 is 60:40 to 90:10, and (2) the cerium oxide and the zirconium oxide are present as a mixture, the zirconium oxide being composed of a solid solution in which tetragonal or cubic zirconium oxide contains cerium.

Abstract: The method allows ZrF4 to be converted into ZrO2, by carrying out a thermal conversion operation based on solid ZrF4 and water which are heated in a reactor until converted into ZrO2. The initial ratio by weight of ZrF4 to water is in particular between 1/5 and 1/500, and this ratio is maintained substantially for the entire duration of the conversion. The thermal conversion is carried out at a temperature greater than or equal to 300° C. The invention is used in particular for recycling pickling baths for zirconium alloys.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing titanium tetrachloride by using a low grade titanium material, and belongs to the chemical field. The technical problem to be solved is to provide a method for producing titanium tetrachloride by using a low grade titanium material capable of continuous industrialized production. The method is characterized in that the low grade titanium material containing a certain proportion of titanium carbide is caused to directly react with chlorine at 600-700° to produce the titanium tetrachloride. Long-time continuous and stable operation can be realized by using the process parameters of the method, and chlorination rate of the titanium carbide in the titanium material reaches above 90%, so that the titanium material can be better used for producing the titanium tetrachloride.

Abstract: A method for continuously recovering titanium tetrachloride TiCl4 from a waste liquid comprising TiCl4 and by-products, wherein said waste liquid is subjected, as a flowing liquid film, to an evaporation step for a residence time of less than 15 minutes at a temperature higher than 90° C.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing titanium dioxide by reacting titanium tetrachloride with an oxygen-bearing gas in a tubular reactor and subsequently cooling the titanium dioxide particle/gas mixture in a cooling section, where the gas/particle flow is caused to rotate. Titanium tetrachloride is introduced in the cross-sectional plane of the reactor, but not in the radial direction, whereby the flow velocity of the oxygen-bearing gas is more than 20 m/s. Scrub solids free the inner wall of the reactor and the reactor cooling section of TiO2 deposits, thereby achieving a better cooling performance, which produces a TiO2 pigment with a narrow particle size distribution.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a process for the agglomeration of titania slag particles comprising providing titania slag at a d50 particle size of below 106 ?m; mixing the slag particles with an organic binder; and agglomerating the mixture of the slag particles and organic binder into agglomerated particles with a d50 particle size in the range from 106 ?m to 1000 ?m. The agglomerated particles have a (TiO2 and FeO)/C mass ratio of more than 3.4. The invention also relates to such agglomated slag particles and a chloride process for the production of TiO2 wherein such agglomerated titania slag particles are used.

Abstract: A process for chlorinating ore, slag, mill scale, scrap, dust and other resources containing recoverable metals from the groups 4-6, 8-12, and 14 in the periodic table. The process comprises: a) forming a liquid fused salt melt consisting essentially of aluminum chloride and at least one other metal chloride selected from the group consisting of alkali metal chlorides and alkaline earth metal chlorides, wherein the aluminum chloride content in the liquid salt melt exceeds 10% by weight; b) introducing the recoverable metal resources into said liquid salt melt: c) reacting the aluminum chloride as chlorine donor with said recoverable metal resource to form metal chlorides, which are dissolved in the salt melt; and d) recovering the formed metal chlorides from the salt melt.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide is removed from streams by adsorption on an adsorption composition which comprises copper, zinc and zirconium oxides and whose copper-comprising component has a degree of reduction, expressed as weight ratio of metallic copper to the sum of metallic copper and copper oxides, calculated as CuO, of at least 45% and not more than 75%.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a process for preparing nanocrystalline titanium dioxide, in particular rutile nanocrystalline titanium dioxide, comprising: (a) precipitating a mixture comprising hydrated titanium oxide and a separable filtering agent; (b) filtering the precipitated mixture to form a filter cake comprising the precipitated hydrated titanium dioxide and a separable filtering agent, (c) calcining the precipitated hydrated titanium oxide and separable filtering agent at a temperature of greater than about 300° C.; and (d) removing the separable filtering agent thereby recovering titanium dioxide particles.

Abstract: A process to prepare a stable solution of a borozirconate complex is disclosed and use of the solution in oil field applications such as hydraulic fracturing and plugging of permeable zones. The process comprises contacting zirconium complex with alkanolamine, then glycerol and water, then with a boron compound. The solution is particularly suitable for use in a cross-linking composition in hydraulic fracturing and plugging of permeable zones of subterranean formations at temperatures of 275° F. (135° C.) and higher in the formation.

Abstract: The invention concerns a composition based on zirconium and cerium oxides in an atomic ratio Zr/Ce>1, and further comprising lanthanum oxide or an oxide of a rare earth other than cerium and lanthanum. The invention is characterized in that after calcination for 6 hours at 1150 .C it has a specific surface area of not less than 10 m;/g. The composition is obtained by forming a mixture containing a sol of a zirconium compound and cerium, lanthanum, said rare earth compounds, contacting said mixture with a basic compound solution, while heating and calcining the resulting precipitate. The composition can be used as catalyst.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a process for producing separable iron and titanium oxides from an ore comprising titanium oxide and iron oxide, comprising: (a) forming agglomerates comprising carbon-based material and the ore, the quantity of carbon of the agglomerates being at least sufficient for forming a ferrous oxide-containing molten slag, at an elevated temperature; (b) introducing the agglomerates onto a bed of carbon-based material in a moving hearth furnace, wherein the carbon-based materials used for both the agglomerates and the bed have a low sulfur content; (c) heating the agglomerates in the moving hearth furnace to a temperature sufficient for liquefying the agglomerates to produce a liquid comprising ferrous oxide-containing slag; (d) metallizing the ferrous oxide of the slag by reaction of the ferrous oxide and the carbon of the carbon bed at a furnace temperature sufficient for maintaining the slag in a liquid state; (e) solidifying the slag after metallization of the ferrous oxide to form a

Abstract: A process to prepare a solution of zirconium-hydroxyalkylated diamine-lactic acid complex is disclosed and use of the solution in oil field applications such as hydraulic fracturing and plugging of permeable zones. The process comprises contacting an alcohol solution of a zirconium complex with an hydroxyalkylated diamine, then with lactic acid to produce a solution of zirconium-hydroxyalkylated diamine-lactic acid complex. The solution is particularly suitable for use in a cross-linking composition in hydraulic fracturing and plugging of permeable zones of subterranean formations at pH of 10 or greater and at temperatures of 275° F. (135° C.) and higher in the formation.