Abstract: The present invention is directed to an oral active agent delivery system and method for delivering discrete units of an active agent formulation to a patient. An active agent formulation chamber (10) containing the active agent formulation and having a fluid passing active agent formulation retainer (14) is placed at one end (16) into a fluid and at a second end (18) into a patient's mouth. The active agent is delivered when the patient sips on the end of the chamber.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide an economically advantageous rumen bypass formulation capable of containing a biologically-active substance at a high concentration by means of using a protective material composted of safe natural product to ecosystem. The preparation of the rumen bypass formulation for ruminants according to the present invention can be accomplished by dispersing a biologically-active substance in an amount of from 50 to 90% by weight relative to the weight of the formulation into a protective material comprising specific salts of aliphatic carboxylic acid and either of fatty acid or aliphatic alcohol at a ratio of the former to the later being in a range of from 30:70 to 10:90.

Abstract: Improved, stable, germicidal, aqueous teat-dip compositions are disclosed, which include a film-forming agent selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethylcellulose, methyl hydroxypropylcellulose, and ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, a germicidal agent, preferably iodine complexed with a nonionic surfactant, and water to provide a solution having a viscosity of about 50 to 1000 cp. The liquid, aqueous compositions, when applied to the teats of agricultural animals, dry to form a continuous barrier film, which functions both as an effective anti-microbial agent and as an effective barrier at the mouth of the milk channel to prevent or reduce the incidence of mastitis.

Abstract: A method of increasing the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of milk consists of feeding to a lactating cow a diet which contains about 1% to about 5% of a vegetable oil containing linoleic or linolenic acid. Feed for use in the method and milk containing increased levels of CLA are also disclosed.

Abstract: A ruminant feed additive composition in the form of a powder or granules comprises as active ingredients a gastric antacid, a phosphoric acid-amino acid-polyvalent metal composite salt and optionally a water-insoluble salt of a polyvalent metal-sensitive water-soluble high-molecular weight substance. The phosphoric acid-amino acid-polyvalent metal composite salt is composed of a phosphoric acid such as orthophosphoric acid, a polyphosphoric acid or a metaphosphoric acid, a basic amino acid such as lysine or methionine, an alkaline earth metal such as calcium or magnesium and, optionally, a polyvalent metal such as aluminum.

Abstract: Release of an active ingredient can be controlled and the active ingredient can be protected from the environment during storage, by distributing it throughout a matrix containing a relatively large amount of polymeric material that is soluble and swellable in aqueous alkali but less soluble and swellable at a lower pH value and which is in the form of a dried oil-in-water emulsion of the polymer or a relatively insoluble partial salt of the polymer with a volatile amine, the full salt of the polymer being relatively soluble. The composition is of particular value for the protection of detergent enzymes.

Abstract: The use of protected active ingredients, preferably methionine, protected against degradation in the rumen as a hepatoprotective agent is disclosed.

Abstract: What is described herein is the reaction product of arginine and p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), cosmetic and human and animal health compositions thereof, useful for treating wounds (small or large animals and humans), burns (small or large animals and humans), sunburn (in humans, dogs and sheep), non-specific specific vaginitis (large animals), dermatitis (small or large animals and humans), pyoderma (small and large animals), rhabditis dermatitis (dogs and cattle), eczema nasi (dogs), exudative epidermitis (swine), saddle sores (horses), proudflesh (horses), hutchburn (rabbits), dermal lesions (small or large animals and humans), udder edema (cattle, goats and sheep), abscesses (small or large animals and humans) and bovine mastitis.

Abstract: A delivery system is disclosed for delivering a fluid-sensitive active agent such as a somatotropin, or an analogue or derivative thereof, to an animal such as a bovine. The delivery system comprises a first wall section, a second wall section and a locking coupling therebetween. The coupled wall sections define a compartment, enclosing an active agent and an expandable driving member. Various embodiments of the locking coupling are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for supplementing the amino acid levels in ruminants is provided where rumen-protected amino acids, particularly lysine and/or methionine, are used to supplement ruminant feed.

Abstract: Fibrolytic enzyme supplements for increasing the digestibility of legume forages and grain feeds for ruminants, a method of treating legume forages and grain feeds with fibrolytic enzymes, and feed compositions consisting of feed materials treated with a mixture of fibrolytic enzymes are provided. The enzyme supplements do not pre-digest the feed material but assist in the colonization of feed particles in the rumen by ruminal microbes. The fibrolytic enzyme supplements consist of mixtures of cellulase and xylanase in certain preferred ratios and levels which are dependent on the feed material to be treated. The cellulase and xylanase are dissolved in a buffer solution and sprayed onto dry legume forages or grain feeds. The feed material is then incubated for at least three hours to allow the enzymes to be absorbed into and adhere to the feed material. The resulting feed compositions remain stable for at least one year against predigestion.

Abstract: The invention described is a bolus for the controlled release of a beneficial agent in the rumen of a ruminant animal. The bolus consists in a core containing a binder, solubilising agent, the beneficial agent to be released and, when required, a densifier. The core is coated with a wax coating, preferably with an opening exposing a small part of the core to rumen juices. The core is gradually dissolved releasing the beneficial agent. As the core dissolves the wax coating erodes until the bolus disappears completely.

Abstract: A delivery system is disclosed for delivering a beneficial agent to an animal. The delivery system comprises a wall that surrounds a lumen, said wall comprising a composition that limits the passage of fluid into the system and a composition that permits the passage of fluid into the system. The lumen comprises a beneficial agent and an expandable member. The delivery system comprises an exit means for delivering the beneficial agent.

Abstract: The diets of ruminant animals include proteins which are, unfortunately, largely degraded in the rumen. Therefore, most of the protein is not available to the animal in the intestine where the nutrients can be properly absorbed and utilized by the animal. The present invention overcomes this problem by providing a composition that can be applied to a feed product in order to protect it from degradation in the rumen. In particular, the composition comprises about 10% w/v zein and from about 1 to about 2% formaldehyde in an aqueous alcohol solution. The invention also includes the method for protecting the feed product as well as the protected feed product.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method useful for applying feed supplements to feed, comprising: preparing an aqueous composition containing a metal-amino acid complex, such as zinc methionine, and directly applying the aqueous composition to the feed at a local manufacturing or feeding site. The method may further comprise transporting the aqueous composition to a feeding site after being prepared and before being applied onto the feed.

Abstract: There is disclosed an animal food supplement and a method and apparatus for preparing the same. The supplement is a high concentration vitamin/mineral supplement which is formed as a briquette by passing a mixture of the vitamin and minerals through a compacting step at a relatively low temperature.

Abstract: Hard, stable, extruded animal feed nuggets are prepared for ruminants, the nuggets comprising between about 90 to 99 wt % of at least one protein-containing ingredient and between about 1.0 to 6.0 wt % of added fat. Preferably, the animal feed nugget is also comprised of between about 0.02 and 5.0 wt % of sulfur. The animal feed nugget of this invention is prepared by a method comprising the steps of:A. plasticizing a blend of at least one protein-containing ingredient, added fat, sulfur, if present, and water in an extruder,B. extruding the plasticized blend to form an animal feed nugget, andC. drying the extruded nugget to a water content of less than about 12 wt %, based on the total weight of the nugget.Animal feed nuggets prepared by this method function as a rumen escape composition in that they permit the release of beneficial nutrients in the abomasum or subsequent digestive tract.

Abstract: A granular additive composition for ruminant feed which stably protects a biologically active substance in the rumen of the ruminant and allows it to be effectively digested and absorbed in the digestive organs after the abomasum.

Abstract: A vaccine composition including an antigen dispersed in an alginate gel is described. The alginate gel is preferably in the form of discrete particles coated with a polymer. Vaccination of vertebrate species can be accomplished by administering the alginate-based vaccine compositions orally.

Abstract: A method and device for implanting large diameter objects subcutaneously or into the peritoneal cavity of bovines employs a beveled, puncturing, but substantially non-incising trocar.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of repartitioning nutrients in ruminants. Serum concentrations of serum insulin, serum urea nitrogen, serum glucose, and serum growth hormone in ruminants were varied by feeding specific protein supplements and an otherwise negative energy diet. Improvement in body condition and body weight was concomitant with reduced milk production and calf weight.

Abstract: A method and device for implanting large diameter objects subcutaneously or into the peritoneal cavity of bovines employs a beveled, puncturing, but substantially non-incising trocar.

Abstract: An oral composition for the prevention of anaemia, comprising highly bioavailable iron and an amino acid-containing ingredient which composition may be ingested voluntarily by a suckling animal in sufficient amounts to maintain a physiologically normal blood composition of the animal, a spray-drying method of manufacturing such a composition comprising an inner core coated with a continuous layer comprising the amino acid-containing ingredient.

Abstract: A feed supplement for ruminants comprising a gluconeogenic compound, which can be digested in the rumen and a hydrogenated fatty acid, which is rumen inert, is described. One example of such a feed supplement comprises 30% gluconeogenic compounds, by weight and 30% C.sub.14 -C.sub.22 hydrogenated fatty acids by weight, the balance being essentially inert compounds. The feed supplement of the present invention can be used in the treatment of or for the prevention of negative energy or a nutrient imbalance. A method of treating or preventing a nutrient imbalance by administering to a ruminant in need thereof, a daily dosage amount of a composition comprising a gluconeogenic compound, which can be digested in the rumen and a hydrogenated fatty acid, which is rumen inert, for from 10-21 days prior to calving to 21-42 days after calving.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with improving the delivery of a drug from a ruminal delivery device to give a consistent delivery of drug to the ruminal environment. Thus, the invention is directed to an improved ruminal drug delivery device comprising a semipermeable membrane having an exit orifice and defining a compartment, the compartment containing a swellable osmotic agent expandable driving member, a drug to be dispensed, a density element and, optionally, a partition layer between the osmotic expandable driving member and the drug formulation, wherein the improvement comprises an essentially gas-impermeable barrier means that separates the density element from the other components within the delivery device for isolating gases evolved from the density element from the other components within the delivery device. The barrier means further includes a coupling to transfer osmotic pressure to the semipermeable wall.

Abstract: A chemical enhancer for ruminant animal digestion of organic matter roughage is presented, the addition on a ppm based of total feed ration of one or more formate salts to the ruminant diet improves or enhances the digestibility of low digestible roughage allowing the treated roughage as a substitute for more traditional and expensive feed rations such as alfalfa hay without loss of energy available to the animal. The use of formate salts in the ppm range based on total diet increases the anaerobic microbial activity thus enhancing digestibility rather than just enhancing the availability of dissolved organics and can be utilized in feedlot roughage rations for improved weight gain, range cattle weight maintenance and milk production for mother cows, dairy roughage diets providing milk production in a safe and an environmentally friendly methodology to both meat and milk production.

Abstract: Disclosed is the feed or feed additive granular agent containing a phisiologically active substance and a coating layer having a laminar structure in which the tabular crystals are arranged in a laminated state. The coating layer comprises (a) one or more substances selected from the group consisting of a specific fatty acid or ester thereof, a specific animal or vegetable fat and fatty oil which may be hardened by hydrogenation, and a specific wax, and (b) tabular crystals of a substance which is sparingly water-soluble under a neutral condition but is readily water-soluble under an acidic condition and which has an average particle size of 5 to 30 .mu.m, wherein said coating layer is present in a coating ratio of 5% by weight or more and 50% by weight or less, wherein said first coating material and said second coating material are in a proportion of 3:2 to 1:3 by weight, and process for producing the same.

Abstract: Disclosed is the feed or feed additive granular agent containing a physiologically active substance and a coating layer having a laminar structure in which the tabular crystals are arranged in a laminated state. The coating layer comprises (a) one or more substances selected from the group consisting of a specific fatty acid or ester thereof, a specific animal or vegetable fat and fatty oil which may be hardened by hydrogenation, and a specific wax, and (b) tabular crystals of a substance which is sparingly water-soluble under a neutral condition but is readily water-soluble under an acidic condition and which has an average particle size of 5 to 30 .mu.m, wherein said coating layer is present in a coating ratio of 5% by weight or more and 50% by weight or less, wherein said first coating material and said second coating material are in a proportion of 3:2 to 1:3 by weight, and process for producing the same.

Abstract: A delivery system is disclosed for delivering a beneficial agent to an animal. The delivery system comprises a wall that surrounds a lumen, said wall comprising a composition that limits the passage of fluid into the system and a composition that permits the passage of fluid into the system. The lumen comprises a beneficial agent and an expandable member. The delivery system comprises an exit means for delivering the beneficial agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of use, and a composition, of a carbohydrase and/or a protease for the manufacture of an agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of coccidiosis. The agent can be in the form of a cereal-based animal feed. The carbohydrase may be a polysaccharidase such as a xylanase or a cellulase e.g., .beta.-glucanase. The agent may include conventional non-enzymic anticoccidial agents.

Abstract: An animal feed additive comprising stable pellets is produced by pelletizing from a fermentation broth containing an animal feed additive with at least 33% by weight of the fermentation products present. The pellets can be produced particularly effectively by pelletizing providing they are built up from at least 30% by weight of fine particles of which at least 70% by weight are smaller than 100 .mu.m in size. The biomass may be completely present, partly present or not present at all in the pellets.

Abstract: A series of 1,3-propanediones having a perfluoroalkyl group or a perfluorocycloalkyl group on one carbonyl, and a 3,5-disubstituted phenyl group on the other, are useful when administered to animals for the control of ectoparasites.

Abstract: A nutrient or medicinal composition for administration to ruminants, which comprises one or more biologically active substances coated with a composition comprising a chitosan salt and at least one fat.

Abstract: The method of the present invention is directed to a nutritional supplement for ruminant animals at or about the time of freshening. The nutritional supplement comprises, in unit dosage form, prophylactically effective amounts of calcium propionate, or mixture of calcium propionate and calcium oxide, and a water soluble magnesium salt, as active ingredients in a pharmaceutically acceptable gel carrier that imparts flowability to the nutritional supplement. The present invention is also directed to a method of preventing or inhibiting a triad of diseases--hypocalcemia, ketosis and tetany--that commonly occur in ruminant animals during freshening. The method of the present invention comprises administering to a ruminant animal during its time of freshening, the above described nutritional supplement in a unit dose form.

Abstract: A microgranular preparation having a core of biologically active material that is encapsulated by a water soluble film that is covered by an enteric coating of either an alkali soluble, acid insoluble polymer or a high molecular weight polymer whose structure is substituted with or contains windows of fatty acids or other material capable of being solubilized by intestinal juices. Useful for protecting pH sensitive and other biologically active materials from inactivation or contact with the stomach or rumen, and releasing the same in active form in the intestinal tract, particularly the duodenum.

Abstract: Beef cattle treated with bovine somatotropin and an estrogenic agent during the final stages of growth show improved carcass weight and dressing percent when the somatotropin is administered intraperitoneally at a substantially constant rate.

Abstract: A method for administering a pharmaceutical to an animal includes imbibing a plurality of carriers with the pharmaceutical, placing a barrier into the animal, defining a first zone and a second zone within the animal, the barrier permitting passage of the pharmaceutical between the zones and impeding passage of the carriers between the zones, and placing the imbibed carriers into the first zone. Also, a method for treating mastitis in a mammal includes imbibing a plurality of carriers with an antibiotic effective in combating a mastitis-causing pathogen, placing a barrier into the udder of the mammal, defining a first zone and a second zone within the udder, the barrier permitting passage of the pharmaceutical and impeding passage of the carriers, and placing the imbibed carriers into the first zone.

Abstract: A feed composition containing fumaric acid or a salt thereof, a concentrate feed and, if necessary, a roughage is fed to ruminants. The ratio of the concentrate to the roughage is about 90-10/10-90 (% by weight). When fumaric acid or a salt thereof in a granular form such as mean particle diameter of not less than 75 mesh is added to a ration, the proportion of acetic acid and propionic acid among volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the ruminant animal is increased for a sustained time to enhance the efficiency of milk and meat production and improve the quality of meat. The proportion of fumaric acid or a salt thereof is about 0.1 to 10% by weight. The addition of fumaric acid or a salt thereof helps to suppress flatulence which tends to occur on feeding with concentrates.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the preparation of a ruminant dietary product comprising a blend of fatty acid salt and denatured protein. In the process, whole proteinaceous oilseed in particulate form is treated with a basic alkaline earth metal compound. The oil content of the oilseed is saponified to a fatty acid salt, and the protein content is denatured into a water-insoluble form. The fatty acid salt and denatured protein ingredients of the invention ruminant dietary product have rumen-bypass properties, and are metabolized in the post-rumen digestive tract under ruminant feeding conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed is the feed or feed additive granular agent containing a physiologically active substance and a coating layer having a laminar structure in which the tabular crystals are arranged in a laminated state. The coating layer comprises (a) one or more substances selected from the group consisting of a specific fatty acid or ester thereof, a specific animal or vegetable fat and fatty oil which may be hardened by hydrogenation, and a specific wax, and (b) tabular crystals of a substance which is sparingly water-soluble under a neutral condition but is readily water-soluble under an acidic condition and which has an average particle size of 5 to 30 .mu.m, wherein said coating layer is present in a coating ratio of 5% by weight or more and 50% by weight or less, wherein said first coating material and said second coating material are in a proportion of 3:2 to 1:3 by weight, and process for producing the same.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing a composition for ruminants, which is characterized in that a nucleus containing a physiologically active substance is coated with a coating material prepared by suspending in water (i) an emulsion comprising water and at least one hydrophobic substance hardly soluble in water and (ii) a slurry containing at least one polymer soluble in water of pH 5.0 or below and insoluble in water of pH over 5.0 In the process, an aqueous suspension is used for coating instead of a meterial dissolved in an organic solvent.

Abstract: A composition designed for improving the digestibility of feed for ruminants contains as active ingredient an aromatic phenol derivative selected from cresols and benzenediols, as well as an absorbing support and an aromatizing mixture.

Abstract: A sustained release capsule adapted to be inserted into the rumen of a ruminant animal and means for retention of the capsule in the rumen.

Abstract: Calcium propionate treatments for milk fever (parturient paresis) have been formulated (1) with propylene glycol and either citric or phosphoric acid as a non-hardening paste and (2) with sodium chloride as a liquid drench. These compositions are particularly useful for treating this hypocalcemic disorder associated with the onset of lactation in dairy cows.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of triazine compounds for the preparation of a medicament for use in a method for defaunation of an animal by administering to said animal an effective amount of the compound selected. In particular the invention relates to a method for selective reduction of protozoal populations in a host animal using substituted 1, 3, 5 triazines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pelletization-resistant rumen bypass formulation of a feed additive resistant to pelletization by applying a reinforcement measure resisting to a mechanical stress during the pelletization and humidification and heating at steaming, etc. to a rumen bypass formulation formed of biologically active principles and protective matrices and a feed pellet for ruminants containing said pelletization-resistant rumen bypass formulation therein. More particularly, the present invention relates to a pelletization-resistant rumen bypass formulation prepared by including one or more rumen bypass formulations formed of biologically active principles and protective matrices in the moldings of various types of macromolecules described above (pelletization-resistant protective matrices) having a shape retaining property during a process of pelletization, and a feed pellet for ruminants applying the same.

Abstract: A method of preparing a near-neutral homogeneous mineral composition containing an excess of strong anions over strong cations for supplementing ruminant animal feeds, wherein magnesium and calcium chlorides are admixed with a molecular excess of ammonium sulfate and water and heated until a liquid phase is formed in which a metathetical chemical reaction occurs to substantially form homogeneous particles of magnesium and calcium sulfates, ammonium chloride and excess ammonium sulfate. Addition of granule binders and conditioning clays allows preparation of minigranules from damp agglomerates formed during the reaction. The minigranules exhibit a high degree of strength, palatability and storage stability. The minigranular anionic salt composition prepared by the new method was found to be an effective mineral feed supplement for ruminant animals, particularly for preparturition cows.

Abstract: A novel zinc bacitracin--containing animal feed additive, in particulate form, has been discovered having an externally coating with a polymer such as an alkyl cellulose polymer. The novel composition shows significant improvement in stability with respect to long term storage over a wide range of temperatures and in admixture with a wide range of animal feeds, and a substantial reduction in odor. In a preferred embodiment, the zinc bacitracin--containing feed additive comprises zinc bacitracin, a fermentation residue and calcium carbonate. A novel process for producing the zinc bacitracin containing feed additive minimizes the formation of dust sized particles.

Abstract: Improved animal diets for oral administration are provided which include a quantity of non-hydrolyzed, non-digested, naturally occurring protein supplemented with a minor amount of an additive selected from the group consisting of di- and tripeptides including an essential amino acid residue. The diets commonly include at least about 8% by weight of such intact protein, which may be derived from typical plant or animal sources. The preferred additive includes an essential amino acid residue selected from the group consisting of lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, isoleucine and valine. Use of the di-and tripeptide additives of the invention gives increased nitrogen use by the animal, as compared with feeding of the amino acid constituents of the additives.

Abstract: Biodegradable controlled release delivery systems using melt-spun biodegradable polymers as carriers for bio-effecting agents such as pharmaceutical actives are disclosed. Oral dosage forms as well as implants are described.