Abstract: Methods, compositions, and kits for reducing a microbial population on a surface are provided. The microbial populations which can be treated using the methods, compositions, and kits of the present invention include prokaryotic, viral, and protozoan populations. The methods, compositions, and kits of the present invention have a number of uses in the fields of food production and medicine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biocidal composition, designed for the generation of chlorine dioxide, comprising at least one iodo-compound having at least one iodine atom and a source of chlorite ions. The molar ration of chlorite ions to iodine atoms is 2 or greater. The composition finds use in a variety of applications including methods of cleaning, sanitizing, deodorizing, and disinfecting various surfaces.

Abstract: Active bromine-containing solutions are produced and stabilized by reacting bromate and bromide salt solutions with an amino-complexing agent, such as sulfamic acid or sulfamate salt. The reaction is performed at a pH of less than 1 to create a complexed hypobromate. The pH of the active bromine-containing solution is raised to between 4 and 10 by adding an alkali to improve stability. Moreover, the solution is maintained below 30° C. during the alkali addition to retain bromine equivalent activity.

Abstract: Described is a process of producing a concentrated liquid biocide formulation. Mixed together are (a) bromine chloride or bromine and (b) an aqueous solution of alkali metal salt of sulfamic acid having a pH of at least about 7, in amounts such that (i) the active bromine content of the solution is at least about 100,000 ppm (wt/wt), and (ii) the atom ratio of nitrogen to active bromine from (a) and (b) is greater than 1 when bromine is used and is greater than 0.93 when bromine chloride is used. Use of bromine chloride as the source of the active bromine in the process is preferred because in the resulting aqueous compositions, all of the bromine of the bromine chloride is made available as active bromine in solution. In other words, the chlorine of the bromine chloride is converted in the process to dissolved alkali metal chloride salt, thereby liberating all of the bromine in the biocidal composition as active bromine capable of providing biocidal activity.

Abstract: A primary package containing a low molecular weight peptide-based thrombin inhibitors which package is sealed with a rubber stopper or plunger containing bromobutyl rubber.

Abstract: Acid concentrates, and dialysate compositions prepared therefrom, contain citric acid and an effective amount of a buffering agent selected from acetate and/or lactate. The buffering agent allows a physiologically acceptable amount of citrate to maintain the desired pH of the dialysate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a two-part antimicrobial composition comprising at least one chlorine dioxide generating component comprising at least one metal chlorite and at least one acid-forming compound in a solid carrier, and at least one liquid aqueous component. The composition further comprises at least one antimicrobial fatty acid having from about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms, and preferably from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms. The components, upon mixing, form a composition having a pH in the range of about 5 to about 10.

Abstract: A nutritional supplement composition for modulating nutrient partitioning in a human so as to increase oxidation of fat and promote increased storage of glycogen is composed of hydroxycitric acid, carnitine, biotin, a gluconeogenic substrate, and, optionally, one or more of chromium, conjugated linoleic acid, coenzyme Q10, eicosapentaenoic acid, pyridoxine, alpha-lipoic acid, magnesium, and gymnema sylvestre. A method for modulating nutrient partitioning in a human involves orally or parenterally administering the aforementioned composition to the human, preferably on a daily basis, for a therapeutically effective period of time. Preferably, the method further involves having the human follow a specific dietary regimen wherein the glycemic index is less than 60 and the daily calorie consumption from carbohydrates is less than about 50% and the daily calorie consumption from protein is at least about 20%.

Abstract: A method of preparing a ruminant feed material with decreased nitrogen solubility, comprising mixing a liquid feed product containing a salt with a protein feedstuff. The protein feedstuff contains crude protein in an amount from 30% to 70% by weight. The liquid feed product containing a salt and the protein feedstuff are mixed under conditions sufficient to decrease the nitrogen solubility of the protein source. Also provided is a ruminant feed material with decreased nitrogen solubility.

Abstract: A hemostatic agent, an agent for promoting cellular adhesion and an agent for curing an injury, each comprising an alkali or alkali earth metal salt of carboxylmethyl cellulose, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are disclosed.

Abstract: An antimicrobial and antiviral composition in powder form or in the form of a two part liquid concentrate for washing and sanitizing foods, food surfaces, food ware, process waters, animal quarters, and animal carcasses is described. The composition may also be used to reduce the microbial and viral population on animals; reducing human pathogenic microbes, reducing opportunistic pathogenic microbes on eggs, and treating skin diseases. The composition includes three reactive species which in solution form an oxidizing species, and optionally a food grade acid source. The reactive species include a natural source of a quaternary or protonizable nitrogen compound which is acceptable on foods, an oxidant and a halide source.

Abstract: A two-part disinfecting systems, as well as disinfecting compositions and methods for making and using the same. The two-part disinfecting system contains a first part and a second part adapted to be mixed to yield an aqueous disinfecting composition, wherein the first part comprises a chlorite and the second part comprises an acid and an optional oxidizable colorant, and wherein the first part, the second part, or both the first and second parts comprise an alpha olefin sulfonate.

Abstract: Described is a process of producing a concentrated liquid biocide formulation. Mixed together are (a) bromine chloride or bromine and (b) an aqueous solution of alkali metal salt of sulfamic acid having a pH of at least about 7, in amounts such that (i) the active bromine content of the solution is at least about 100,000 ppm (wt/wt), and (ii) the atom ratio of nitrogen to active bromine from (a) and (b) is greater than 1 when bromine is used and is greater than 0.93 when bromine chloride is used. Use of bromine chloride as the source of the active bromine in the process is preferred because in the resulting aqueous compositions, all of the bromine of the bromine chloride is made available as active bromine in solution. In other words, the chlorine of the bromine chloride is converted in the process to dissolved alkali metal chloride salt, thereby liberating all of the bromine in the biocidal composition as active bromine capable of providing biocidal activity.

Abstract: Concentrated liquid biocide compositions are produced by: A) feeding (a) bromine atoms and chlorine atoms in the form of (i) one or more of BrCl, (ii) Br2, and (iii) Cl2 into (b) water containing sulfamate anions, or feeding each of (a) and (b) into a reaction vessel, such that the numerical ratio of the total number of bromine atoms fed to the total number of chlorine atoms fed is in the range of about 0.7:1 to about 1.7:1; and B) providing enough alkali metal base in the mixture being formed in A) to keep the pH of such mixture in the range of about 7-11 during all or substantially all of the time feeding in A) is occurring, the amounts of (a) and (b) used being amounts that form an active-bromine-containing solution in which (i) the active bromine content is 50,000 ppm or more, and (ii) the atom ratio of nitrogen to active bromine originating from (a) and (b) is greater than about 0.

Abstract: An oxidizing species is described herein as a reaction product through an in situ preparation combining a protonizable phosphorus or sulfur compound, and a halide source at controlled proportions in an aqueous, non-aqueous, gel, aerosol, solid-phase or powdered media. The oxidizing species can be used to reduce microbial and viral populations on a surface or object or in a body or stream of water. The invention thus finds applications as a bleach, sanitizer, oxidant, or in any other application in which an oxidizing agent can be beneficially used alone or in a formulation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oral composition containing a zinc compound containing free available zinc ion and at least one stabilized or stable Eh raising compound distributed in an oral vehicle. The present invention further relates to a method of inhibiting the formation of sulfur containing anions and preventing a reduction in the Eh of the oral cavity. A method of reducing oral malodor and gingivitis and periodontitis is also provided by this invention.

Abstract: Antimicrobial/pharmaceutical preparations (e.g., solutions, gels, ointments, creams, sustained release preparations, etc.) which comprise chlorite (e.g., a metal salt of a chlorite) in combination with a peroxy compound (e.g., hydrogen peroxide), and methods for using such preparations for disinfection of articles or surfaces (e.g., contact lenses, counter tops, etc.), antisepsis of skin or other body parts, prevention or deterrence of scar formation and/or treatment and prophylaxis of dermal (i.e., skin or mucous membrane) disorders (e.g., wounds, burns, infections, cold sores, ulcerations, psoriasis, acne, or other scar-forming lesions).

Abstract: The invention provides a method and compositions for controlling food borne enteric bacterial pathogens in animals. Populations of enteropathogenic bacteria may be substantially reduced or eliminated by treatment of animals with an effective amount of the compound Xm(ClO3)n, wherein X is a cationic moiety and m and n are independently selected from integers necessary to provide a net valency of 0. The compounds may be administered orally, providing a reduction in the populations of the enteropathogenic bacteria in the alimentary tract of the animal, or they may be applied externally onto the animal to reduce the populations of any such bacteria which may be present as contaminants on the surface of the animal. The method and compositions are particularly useful for the control of Salmonella species, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, and Clostridia species.

Abstract: The antimicrobial efficacy of N-chlorosulfamate solutions, namely buffered aqueous combinations of HClNSO3−(mono-N-chlorosulfamate) and Cl2NSO3 (di-N-chlorosulfamate), herein referred to as “stabilized hypochlorite”, can be markedly enhanced by the addition of certain organic dopants. The dopants themselves are select hypochlorite stabilizing agents, which are known to readily form stable organochloramides when reacted with “free” hypochlorite (HOCl or NaOCl). Highly effective antimicrobial enhancing dopants include 5,5-dialkyl hydantoins, arylsulfonamides, and succinimides. Examples of these include 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, benzenesulfonamide, and succinimide. Other, less effective dopants include glycolurils. Generally, the dopant is present in a minor mole fraction, relative to the molar amount of stabilized hypochlorite present in the enhanced antimicrobial solution.

Abstract: High concentration chlorine dioxide gel compositions are prepared for disinfectant, deodorizing and for like uses. The preferred gel compositions are prepared from xanthan, guar or like gums.

Abstract: A topically applied composition capable of treating subcutaneous tissue comprising an alkali metal hypohalite (AMH) (preferably, sodium hypochlorite) and a conventional skin lotion. The skin lotion serves both as a carrier and as an antidrying agent for the AMH. The AMH penetrates through the skin's pores and lymph nodes into the subcutaneous tissue. The AMH stimulates the immune system to alleviate, and sometimes cure, inflammation, aches, pains, and other symptoms caused by microbial (e.g., viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic) infection, arthritis, hemorrhoids, allergies, etc . . .

Abstract: A therapeutic bath solution containing a mixture of water and an alkali metal hypohalite (e.g., sodium hypochlorite). Optionally, the solution also contains an odor masking agent. The user soaks his or her body in the bath solution for up to 30 minutes. The alkali metal hypohalite penetrates into the subcutaneous tissue of the user through the skin pores and lymph nodes. Once in the body, the alkali metal hypohalite stimulates the immune system and alleviates aches, pains, inflammation, and other symptoms commonly caused by microbial (e.g., viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic) infection, arthritis, allergies, hemorrhoids, and a host of other ailments.

Abstract: A mouthwash or oral rinse containing a mixture of an aqueous solution and an alkali metal hypohalite (e.g., sodium hypochlorite). Optionally, the aqueous solution contains a flavor masking or neutralizing agent such as fruit juice. The user rinses the oral cavity or gargles with the mouthwash to treat gingivitis or kill odor or plaque causing bacteria, or to eliminate viruses, fungi and/ or other microorganisms in the oral cavity.

Abstract: The mastitis control teat dip composition of the invention provides rapid initial kill, a useful highly pseudoplastic rheology, a barrier/film-forming capacity, a unique antimicrobial composition that is stable over an extended period of time, and unexpected long term microbial control when compared to the prior art materials disclosed in patents and used in the marketplace. The compositions of the invention are made by combining an aqueous thickened liquid composition containing the organic components which can be combined with a simple aqueous solution of a salt of chlorous acid, preferably an alkali metal chlorite. The materials can be combined, blended into a smooth viscous material and can be immediately contacted with the target animals. The .compositions of the invention provide rapid initial kill, consistent long term kill and chemical and rheological stability.

Abstract: A composition for the relief of heat stress, particularly for restoration of electrolyte balance due to passive exposure to heat resulting in excessive transpiration/perspiration, without strenuous physical activity, comprises predetermined levels of selected electrolytes including, in part by weight, sodium ion not exceeding 250 parts, at least 100 parts of potassium ion, at least 100 parts of magnesium ion, and carbohydrates not exceeding 2.5% by weight, as needed for organoleptic purposes only. The composition can further include up to 30 parts of zinc, up to 10 parts of manganese, and from 65 to 400 parts of calcium. Furthermore, the composition can comprise oligoelements, dermoprotective vitamins and anti-oxidants so as to compensate for the chemical changes which might occur in the skin of a person passively exposed to heat.

Abstract: A neutral glucose-containing preparation with excellent stability and a near physiological pH, as a transfusion preparation with minimal glucose degradation by-products and a greatly reduced formic acid content; specifically, a glucose-containing preparation comprising separately housed first and second solutions, the first and second solutions satisfying the following conditions: (a) the first solution contains 2-50% glucose, and its pH is adjusted to 3-5 with an organic acid buffer solution; (b) the second solution contains an alkalizing agent, and has a pH value of 8-13 as a pH adjustor for the first solution; and (c) the glucose concentration is 1-15% in the preparation solution obtained by mixing the first solution and second solution, and the pH of the solution is in a range of 6-8. It is used particularly as a peritoneal perfusate, such as a perfusate for Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD).

Abstract: A process for treating active viral lesions, such as herpes lesions and warts, on persons or animals, in which an active lesion containing a virus is scrubbed or debrided, an aqueous reagent solution containing neutral red and free chlorine is applied to the scrubbed lesion, and the lesion to which the reagent has been applied is exposed to ultraviolet light for a period sufficient to cause viral destruction. The invention further relates to the aqueous reagent solution containing neutral red and free chlorine.

Abstract: A highly active bioactivating substance which exhibits suppressing action on histamine liberation and inhibition of hyaluronidase activity may be obtained by adding a silicate to an extracted substance from tissues activated by adding internal or external stressors to animals or animal tissues such as infecting with poxvirus. The highly active bioactivating substance may also be obtained by performing a special extraction to effect a high content of silicic acid in the extracted substance from the activated tissues. The bioactivating substance may be in the form of a powder and may have a silicon component content which is more than 20 &mgr;g, for example greater 22 &mgr;g, preferably greater than 25 &mgr;g, calculated as silicon per mg of dried substance.

Abstract: The process involves (a) continuously forming bromine chloride from separate feed streams of bromine and chlorine by maintaining said streams under automatic feed rate control whereby the streams are continuously proportioned to come together in equimolar amounts to form bromine chloride; (b) continuously forming an aqueous product having an active bromine content of at least 100,000 ppm (wt/wt), a pH of at least 7, and an atom ratio of nitrogen to active bromine greater than 0.93:1 by continuously feeding into mixing apparatus separate feed streams of (1) bromine chloride formed in (a), and (2) an aqueous solution of alkali metal salt of sulfamic acid, under automatic feed rate control whereby the feed streams are continuously proportioned to come together in amounts that produce an aqueous product having an active bromine content of at least 100,000 ppm (wt/wt), a pH of at least 7, and an atom ratio of nitrogen to active bromine from (1) and (2) greater than 0.

Abstract: A composition and method of protecting plants such as citrus trees, as well as other fruits and vegetable plants from damage due to exposure to frost during periods characterized by a rapid drop in ambient air temperature. The composition is formulated and applied in a manner which facilitates the formation of a coating on the exterior surfaces of the plant, thereby preventing direct contact of the frost with the exterior of the plant and preventing cellular degeneration. The composition is further formulated to have a sufficient viscosity to accomplish adequate coating yet assure easy removal during periods of rainfall or irrigation by sprinkling. The composition comprises a lignin sulfonate, which serves to regulate viscosity and a chloride salt brine solution, such as magnesium chloride, to reduce the freezing temperature.

Abstract: The process involves (a) continuously forming bromine chloride from separate feed streams of bromine and chlorine by maintaining said streams under automatic feed rate control whereby the streams are continuously proportioned to come together to form bromine chloride; (b) continuously forming an aqueous product having an active bromine content of at least 100,000 ppm (wt/wt), a pH of at least 7, and an atom ratio of nitrogen to active bromine greater than 0.93:1 by continuously or intermittently feeding into mixing apparatus separate feed streams of (1) bromine chloride formed in (a), and (2) an aqueous solution of alkali metal salt of sulfamic acid, under automatic feed rate control.

Abstract: A thixotropic, non-cytotoxic, topical hydrogel that contains a proven safe and effective, broad spectrum, antimicrobial agent based on a unique electrolytically derived sodium hypochlorite solution.

Abstract: Methods for disinfecting surfaces and for sanitizing bodies of water using a single-feed, bromine-based biocide are described. These methods use concentrated liquid biocide compositions comprising biocidally active bromine as the biocide. Also described is a process of producing the concentrated liquid biocide composition: mixed together are (a) bromine chloride and (b) an aqueous solution of alkali metal salt of sulfamic acid having a pH of at least about 7, in amounts such that (i) the active bromine content of the composition is at least about 100,000 ppm (wt/wt), and (ii) the atom ratio of nitrogen to active bromine in the composition is greater than 0.93. Use of bromine chloride as the source of the active bromine in the process is advantageous because in the resulting aqueous compositions, all of the bromine of the bromine chloride is made available as active bromine in solution.

Abstract: A concentrated liquid biocide composition is produced by a continuous process. The process comprises continuously feeding into mixing apparatus (i) bromine chloride and (ii) an aqueous solution of alkali metal salt of sulfamic acid. These are proportioned to produce an aqueous product having an active bromine content of at least 100,000 ppm (wt/wt), and an atom ratio of nitrogen to active bromine from (i) and (ii) greater than 0.93:1. The desired product is withdrawn from the mixing apparatus at a rate sufficient to enable the continuous feeding to be maintained. Thus, the withdrawal of the product can be continuous or intermittent, depending upon the type of mixing apparatus being used.

Abstract: A concentrated liquid biocide composition is produced by a process which comprises continuously or intermittently feeding (i) bromine chloride into mixing apparatus where the bromine chloride contacts (ii) an aqueous solution of alkali metal salt of sulfamic acid. An aqueous product is produced having an active bromine content of at least 100,000 ppm (wt/wt), and an atom ratio of nitrogen to active bromine from (i) and (ii) greater than 0.93:1. The desired product can be withdrawn from the mixing apparatus continuously or intermittently.

Abstract: This invention provides a liquid antimicrobial composition that is particularly useful as a mouthwash for treating or reducing the risk of dental disease. The composition is prepared by mixing a first solution comprising a water soluble metal chlorite compound with a second solution comprising sodium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide. The resulting composition, containing chlorine dioxide, is preferably used at the time of preparation by applying the composition to the locus where treatment is desired.

Abstract: An aqueous cleaning and disinfecting composition is disclosed that is a synergistic combination of (a) a sufficient amount of a chlorine-containing bleach compound such as sodium hypochlorite or sodium dichloroisocyanurate to provide from about 1,100 parts per million by weight of available chlorine level with (b) from about 600 to 800 parts per million by weight of bactericidal quaternary ammonium compounds such as mixtures of didecyldimethylammonium chloride and (C12-C16 alkyl)dimethylbenzylammonium chlorides. Such compositions are tuberculocidal at unexpectedly low concentrations. Also disclosed are two component compositions and methods of disinfecting surfaces containing tubercule bacilli and other pathogenic micro-organisms such as bacteria and viruses.

Abstract: A first embodiment of the present invention is directed to an aqueous disinfectant solution comprising an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite, an amount of base sufficient to raise the pH of the solution to at least 12, and water. A second embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method for sterilizing medical and dental instruments and hard surfaces which comprises contacting the medical or dental instruments or hard surfaces with an aqueous disinfecting solution comprising an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite, an amount of a base sufficient to raise the pH of the solution to at least 12, and water, for a time sufficient to disinfect the medical or dental instruments or hard surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of an alkaline-earth metal salt in or for the preparation of a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition, especially for topical application, for treating ocular or palpebral pruritus and/or ocular or palpebral dysesthesia. The cosmetic composition can be used for applying make-up to or removing make-up from sensitive eyes.

Abstract: Compositions for the treatment and prevention of migraine or stress headaches wherein there is supplied a combination of potassium, magnesium and pyridoxine optionally in association with other nutrients and/or simple analgesics.

Abstract: A stabilized two-part disinfecting system comprising a first part and a second part adapted to be mixed to yield an aqueous disinfecting composition. The first part contains a non-esterifying acid and an alcohol-containing humectant or antifreeze, while the second part contains a salt of an organic acid and an optional metal chlorite. Methods for making a disinfecting composition by mixing the two-part disinfecting system, as well as for disinfecting substrates by contact therewith, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Processes for controlling pollution by: (a) devolatizing vapor phase chemical pollutants (VP's) found in effluents and other bodies and streams of gases and liquids, and (b) stabilizing substrates from which the VP's are released. The offending VP's are converted to less offensive or inoffensive materials by interaction with an appropriately formulated treating agent (VTA/C) containing a primary halogen and at least one additional ingredient selected from the following classes of constituents (optional if bromine is the primary halogen and otherwise required): oligodynamically active metals, cohalogens, adjuncts, and facilitators. The major constituent(s) may be supplied as such, or a source of the constituent may be provided. Actinic radiation can be employed to promote reactions between the VP and the VTA/C, which is often formulated as an aqueous scrubbing medium.

Abstract: The invention described here concerns the unique utility of fatty acids and their derivatives to eradicate existing fungal and bacterial infections in plants. Also, described herein are combination treatments whereby fatty acids are used to enhance or augment the activity of fungicides, bactericides, and biological control agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to improved methods of raising and treating food animals, which employ pH-buffered, redox-stabilized compositions comprising halide and oxyhalide ions. The compositions can be administered to food animals to effect enhanced food utilization, lower mortality, decreased nitrogen excretion, decreased dependence on antibiotics and vaccines, overall enhanced health and immunostimulation in the animals.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for disinfecting bee colonies for preventing or treating diseases in honey bees, honey bee larvae and honey bee hives are disclosed. Such diseases may arise from a variety of sources, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa and parasites in the hive. Representative diseases preventable or treatable by this invention include Foulbrood and Chalkbrood. The compositions of the present invention include a protic acid and a chlorite ion, and may further include other optional components such as a gelling agent, colorant and/or preservative. Methods disclosed herein include applying the composition to a surface of a bee-hive. Honey produced by bees administered a composition of this invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with the use of a chemically-stabilized chlorite matrix for the parenteral treatment of HIV infections. The chlorite matrix is an isotonic solution containing 5 to 100 mMol ClO.sub.2- per liter of solution.

Abstract: Described is a process of producing a concentrated liquid biocide formulation. Mixed together are (a) bromine chloride or bromine and (b) an aqueous solution of alkali metal salt of sulfamic acid having a pH of at least about 7, in amounts such that (i) the active bromine content of the solution is at least about 100,000 ppm (wt/wt), and (ii) the atom ratio of nitrogen to active bromine from (a) and (b) is greater than 1 when bromine is used and is greater than 0.93 when bromine chloride is used. Use of bromine chloride as the source of the active bromine in the process is preferred because in the resulting aqueous compositions, all of the bromine of the bromine chloride is made available as active bromine in solution. In other words, the chlorine of the bromine chloride is converted in the process to dissolved alkali metal chloride salt, thereby liberating all of the bromine as the active bromine content of the biocidal composition.

Abstract: A composition for use in the rehydration and treatment of scours in calves. The composition includes fiber, electrolytes and three energy sources. The energy sources are sugar, medium chain triglycerides and glycine, present in a combined amount of about 14 percent by weight.

Abstract: A method for disinfecting a meat carcass by spray application of an aqueous solution containing from about 0.05-0.12% of a metal chlorite and a sufficient quantity of an acid having a pK.sub.a of from about 2.0-4.4 to adjust the pH of the aqueous solution to about 2.2-4.5 and to maintain the chlorite ion concentration in the form of chlorous acid to not more than about 35% by weight of the aqueous solution, the molar ratio of the acid to metal chlorite being at least equal to the first pK.sub.a of the acid multiplied by the grams/liter concentration of metal chlorite in the aqueous solution. In one embodiment, the meat carcass is poultry.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods employing pH-buffered, redox-stabilized compositions comprising halide and oxyhalide ions. The compositions can be administered to food animals to effect enhanced food utilization, lower mortality, decreased nitrogen excretion, decreased dependence on antibiotics and vaccines, overall enhanced health and immunostimulation in the animals. Additionally, the compositions can be used to treat food animal carcasses to reduce foodborne pathogens and spoilage organisms.