Abstract: An alkaline supplement for ruminant feeds is a fluid suspension comprising the components; about 20 to about 40 percent by weight water; about 2 to about 10 percent by weight sodium carbonate; about 2 to about 10 percent by weight calcium phosphate; about 10 to about 40 percent by weight molasses; about 5 to about 30 percent by weight limestone; up to about 15 percent by weight urea; up to about 5 percent by weight magnesium oxide; up to about 20 percent by weight dolomite; up to about 30 percent by weight fat; up to about 30 percent by weight protein meal; and a suspending agent.

Abstract: A method for thickening and/or toughening fur animal feed, wherein the feed is supplied with a nutritionally useful, natural hydrocolloid, which binds the free water present in the feed, and a fur animal feed containing an amount of the said hydrocolloid.

Abstract: A method of improving the quality of egg shells of laying poultry or laying hens without deleterious effects on the contents of the poultry egg shells by adding a small amount of zeolite A to the feed of the poultry, and a poultry feed for laying hens containing zeolite A.

Abstract: Methylsulfonylmethane is effective in maintaining good health and in improving poor health of animals, including human beings and is an assimilable source of dietetic sulfur.

Abstract: An animal feed supplement is produced from wet corn bran and corn steep liquor exiting a wet corn milling process. Wet corn bran is mechanically dewatered to 30 to 50% solids by weight and then thoroughly mixed with concentrated corn steep liquor having 40 to 55% solids by weight in a ratio of 3:1 to 1:1 to produce a mixture having 35 to 50% solids by weight. This mixture is compacted to form a moist, cohesive, friable, readily transportable mass having a bulk density of 50 to 65 lbs. per cubic foot, a pH of less than 4.5 and a protein content of at least 20% on a dry matter basis. The compacted mass may be permitted to undergo natural fermentation that is substantially anaerobic to a pH of less than 4.25 to produce an animal feed supplement that is microbiologically and gravitationally stable from two weeks to seven months.

Abstract: A composition for synergistically increasing milk fat production in ruminants comprising (1) pellets which comprise an antacid selected from the group consisting of sodium and magnesium antacids and an electrolyte selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium, and chlorine containing electrolytes, said pellets containing potassium, sodium, and chlorine in a weight ratio of from about 1.5 to about 1.8 parts of potassium and from about 1.2 to about 1.5 parts of chlorine per part of sodium, said potassium being present in sufficient amount to provide from about 0.8 to about 1 weight parts of potassium per weight part of any magnesium present and (2) sodium bicarbonate.

Abstract: A process and equipment for disinfecting bulk foods or animal feeds on a ship are described. According to this process, either before beginning to fill the cargo hold or when beginning the loading operation, a fumigation system is placed in the cargo hold and includes line sections that extend from the loading hatch to the bottom of the hold and are provided with gas passages at least in the vicinity of the bottom of the hold, and after filling the cargo hold, the end of the fumigation system which projects cut of the bulk material is connected to a centrifugal fan and the preparation which releases the gas is placed on in the surface of the bulk material and the fan is turned on and the cargo hold is sealed so that it is airtight. By operating the fan, the gas is pulled out of the gas space above the bulk material and directed into the bulk material from the bottom through the fumigation system.

Abstract: The invention provides novel feedstuffs for ruminants comprising an edible water insoluble salt of an edible higher fatty acid, free fat, excess of the salt-forming metal, and optionally a further nutritional material, especially a proteinaceous feedstuff such as soya bean meal. Such feedstuffs may be produced by forming a mixture of a basic oxide such as calcium oxide, a mixture of fatty acid and triglycerides, water and optionally the further nutritional material, and allowing the oxide to react with the acid to form the water-insoluble salt. The hot reacting mixture is spread out so that water evaporates spontaneously and a friable product is obtained. The process is operated continuously.

Abstract: An animal feed block and its manufacture are described wherein the block includes and is made through the chemical reaction of an aqueous blend of an edible trivalent metal salt, magnesium oxide, phosphorous and nutritive ingredients which upon curing provides a rigid feed block with internal control over the rate at which animals consume it.

Abstract: An extruded feed intake limiting composition for use in free choice horse feeding also prevents colic, and founder and other digestive disorders. The horse ration, which has a low-to-medium energy content, is carefully balanced nutritionally as to nutrient density, soluble carbohydrate and fiber content. The ration can be fed to a horse on an ad libitum basis as the sole source of nutrition for the horse excluding water.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an enclosed tank for containing fat. The bottom wall is cone shaped and at the lower end of the cone is an outlet opening. A valve is placed in the opening to permit fluid to be added to or drained from the tank. A heater element is placed in the bottom of the tank and can be either an electrical heated element or a helical tube containing steam or hot water. A circulation system permits the removal of fat from the bottom of the tank and the recirculating of the fat to the upper portion of the tank. A valve within the recirculation system permits the fat to be pumped to a spray nozzle where it can be sprayed onto a feed mixture for animals.

Abstract: Composition for treating impaired lactation is described according to the preferred embodiment of the teachings of the present invention for oral administration to swine. The composition according to the teachings of the present invention includes blood albumin meal to provide a rich source of nutrients such as amino acids. Blood albuin helps insure that the osmotic pressure of the blood and interstitial tissue fluid around the mammary gland alveoli is optimized. Psyllium seed is further provided in the composition according to the teachings of the present invention as a natural laxative and as an effective aid in the treatment of constipation. Specifically, an oily, mucilaginous mass is formed when the psyllium seed comes in contact with water or fluid in the digestive tract and lubricates the digestive tract to help stimulate evacuations.

Abstract: A method of producing lean meat having a low dietary fat and cholesterol content. An intact male ruminant is selected at an age before development of the rumen and fed a low-fat, high fiber ration. The intact male is then slaughtered at an age before development into an adult animal.

Abstract: The invention provides novel feedstuffs for ruminants comprising an edible water insoluble salt of an edible higher fatty acid, free fat, excess of the salt-forming metal, and optionally a further nutritional material, especially a proteinaceous feedstuff such as soya bean meal. Such feedstuffs may be produced by forming a mixture of a basic oxide such as calcium oxide, a mixture of fatty acid and triglycerides, water and optionally the further nutritional material, and allowing the oxide to react with the acid to form the water-insoluble salt. The hot reacting mixture is spread out so that water evaporates spontaneously and a friable product is obtained. The process is operated continuously.

Abstract: The growth of microorganisms in stored crops, and especially in animal feedstuffs, is inhibited by the application of a preservative composition which comprises ammonia, urease enzyme urea and/or urea polymers in a fluid medium. Urea polymers which are useful include biuret, triuret, cyanuric acid, urea cyanurate and other compounds which decompose to form ammonia. The effect of treatment with the preservative composition is to provide an immediate microorganism-inhibiting ammonia level, which, due to delayed decomposition of the urea and urea polymers, is sustained to some significant degree during prolonged storage of the treated material.

Abstract: Ruminants with a fully developed rumen function are fed by a method in which the total feed is divided into two parts comprising(a) a liquid feed containing high-energy components, which feed is supplied while stimulating the ruminant to close its oesophageal groove, and(b) a solid feed containing low-energy components, which feed is supplied in such a way that the ruminant does not close its oesophageal groove,both types of feed being independently available through separate dispensing systems. One or more of the components of the liquid feed may be partially or completely hydrolyzed.A liquid feed dispensing device (an embodiment of which is shown in FIG. 1) comprises a container, metering means and outlet means for liquid feed; the outlet means (such as a teat) are located in an enclosure for ruminants at a level substantially above the level of the shoulders of the ruminants housed in the enclosure.

Abstract: A method of improving feathering of poultry, which comprises feeding poultry a diet containing a small amount of zeolite.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and composition for reducing food intake in poultry, particularly chickens, by the dietary addition of glycolic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition which improves the palatability of dog foods and the methods of making and using it. According to the process, a high free fatty acid fat is emulsified with an encapsulating binder and dried. The fat will preferably contain at least 10% free fatty acids based on the weight of the fat. The free high fatty acid content can be achieved by overt addition or generation by saponification or enzyme action. The composition is dried by spray drying or drum drying.

Abstract: A dry hard canine biscuit having visually apparent, discrete particles, which contain (i) meat and/or meat by-product and/or (ii) farinaceous material and/or textured vegetable protein, distributed substantially uniformly throughout the biscuit is obtained by blending the non-fat solids portion of a canine biscuit dough with the particles which are substantially inert with respect to the dog biscuit dough, mixing the dry-blended mixture with water and with the fat portion of the pet biscuit dough to form a dough, forming the dough using low shear into pieces, and baking and drying the formed pieces to obtain a microbiologically stable product which can be packaged without a barrier material. The particle inertness is made possible by using particles having: (1) a moisture content of 35 percent by weight or less and (2) a water activity which is less than the water activity of said biscuit dough.

Abstract: A method of making a free choice feed block solidified with calcium hydroxide, etc. which is improved by incorporating a 2 to 20% protein meal and 16-20% of a solid filler of brans, hulls and shells to produce a solid hardness of from 35-60. The presence of the protein meal and filler increases the hardness of the feed block.

Abstract: A pet food containing a proteinaceous vegetable source component treated with an SPS-ase preparation in aqueous medium. Presence of this component imparts a decisive improvement in regard to the elasticity and palatability of the pet food.

Abstract: A biologically stable animal food composition as described having a crunchy shell of a low water activity consisting essentially of edible starch- and protein-containing flour at least partially surrounding a deformable core of a low water activity including edible protein and water soluble solids, which composition retains the distinct textures of the shell and core even after prolonged ambient exposure.

Abstract: This invention constitute a novel binder composition for pelleted and compressed animal feeds, comprising a mixture of a reactive metal salt and a reactive metal oxide or hydroxide.

Abstract: A method for reducing the severity of hip dysplasia in animals is provided wherein the animals are fed a nutritionally balanced composition during the formative stage of growth when the animal is particularly vulnerable to hip dysplasia, in which the dietary electrolyte balance in the composition is controlled to a level that is not greater than about 20 milliequivalents/100 g. Electrolyte balance is determined according to a formula wherein:Dietary Electrolyte Balance (Meq/100 g)=Sodium (Meq/100 g)+Potassium (Meq/100 g)-Chloride (Meq/100 g).

Abstract: Polished rice or barley enriched with nutrients, wherein the nutrients are fixed in and on the grain by coating an oil/fat and/or a wax on the grains, coating the same with a hydrophilic emulsifier and further coating them with a starch-based coating agent. The enriched polished rice or barley has essential nutrients in good balance and quality-wise advantageous characteristics.

Abstract: A method of reducing heat stress in animals, especially poultry, wherein a small amount of zeolite is added to the animal feed and the feed is regularly fed to the animals during periods of heat stress causing temperatures.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for removal of toxins and oil from cottonseed by contact of the toxin/oil containing cottonseed with a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent and a protic or aprotic solvent. Batch, semicontinuous and continuous methods of contacting are also described.

Abstract: A transition feed for swine for weaning piglets from a sow to a dry feed including as ingredients at least one or more animal protein products, marine products, milk products, grain products, plant protein products, processed grain by-products and natural and artificial flavors in proportions to balance the feed ration for protein, fiber, energy and palatability. Sweet corn also is added as an ingredient of the transition feed to enhance its palatability.

Abstract: A dry hard canine biscuit having visually apparent, discrete particles, which contain (i) meat and/or meat by-product and/or (ii) farinaceous material and/or textured vegetable protein, distributed substantially uniformly throughout the biscuit is obtained by blending the non-fat solids portion of a canine biscuit dough with the particles which are substantially inert with respect to the dog biscuit dough, mixing the dry-blended mixture with water and with the fat portion of the pet biscuit dough to form a dough, forming the dough using low shear into pieces, and baking and drying the formed pieces to obtain a microbiologically stable product which can be packaged without a barrier material. The particle inertness is made possible by using particles having: (1) a moisture content of 35 percent by weight or less and (2) a water activity which is less than the water activity of said biscuit dough. There is a substantial absence of particle color bleed into the biscuit.

Abstract: A dry soft canine biscuit having visually apparent, discrete meat and/or meat by-product particles distributes substantially uniformly throughout the biscuit is obtained by blending the non-fat solids portion of a soft biscuit dough with particles which are substantially inert with respect to the biscuit dough, mixing the dry-blended mixture with water plus optional humectant to form an intermediate stage dough, admixing the latter with the fat portion of the biscuit dough to form a final dough, forming the final dough into pieces, and baking and drying the formed pieces to obtain a microbiologically stable product which can be packaged without a barrier material. Meat and/or meat by-product particle inertness is made possible by using particles having: (1) a moisture content of 35 percent by weight or less, and (2) a water activity which is less than the water activity of said soft biscuit dough.

Abstract: A dry soft canine biscuit having visually apparent, discrete particles, which contain (i) meat and/or meat by-product and/or (ii) farinaceous material and/or textured vegetable protein, distributed substantially uniformly throughout the biscuit is obtained by blending the non-fat solid portion of a soft biscuit dough with particles which are substantially inert with respect to the biscuit dough, mixing the dry-blended mixture with water plus optional humectant to form an intermediate stage dough, admixing the latter with the fat portion of the biscuit dough to form a final dough, forming the final dough using low shear into pieces, and baking and drying the formed pieces to obtain a microbiologically stable product which can be packaged without a barrier material. The particle inertness is made possible by using particles having: (1) a moisture content of 35 percent by weight or less and, (2) a water activity which is less than the water activity of the soft biscuit dough.

Abstract: A dry hard canine biscuit having visually apparent, discrete meat and/or meat by-product particles distributed substantially uniformly through the biscuit is obtained by blending the non-fat solids portion of a canine biscuit dough with the particles which are substantially inert with respect to the dog biscuit dough, mixing the dry-blended mixture with water and with the fat portion of the pet biscuit dough to form a dough, forming the dough into pieces using low-shear, non-cooking forming conditions, and baking and drying the formed pieces to obtain a microbiologically stable product which can be packaged without a barrier material. Meat and/or meat by-product particle inertness is made possible by using particles having (1) a moisture content of 35 percent by weight or less and (2) a water activity which is less than the water activity of said biscuit dough.

Abstract: A method of maintaining hens or other domesticated birds for egg production, comprises giving the birds feed supplemented with .gamma.-linolenic acid or one or more higher acids in the n-6 series, in the form of the free acid or as an ester, amide, phospholipid, salt or other physiologically acceptable derivative convertible in the bird's body to, or having the effect of, the free acid.

Abstract: Zinc oxide and zinc carbonate are dry blended with proteinaceous feeds for dairy cattle and beef cattle to protect the protein against rumen digestion. Although zinc oxide and zinc carbonate have limited water solubility and are not prereacted with the protein, milk production in dairy cattle and rate of weight gain in beef cattle can be increased in relation to protein intake.

Abstract: A low cost process is used to make animal feed blocks from by-product residues of the corn and cotton industries. The first and liquid materials to be placed in a mixer include condensed fermented corn extractives, molasses, and hot water (all at approximately 110.degree. F.). The mixer is started, and a suspending agent, such as clay, is added to keep both the above and the later added ingredients in suspension. The clay should preferably be added before fat and any dry ingredients are added. Next, animal fat, vitamins, and other ingredients are added with the mixer running. Cottonseed meal is used as a rehydrating material to take up free water and thereby reduces the amount of water available to react with nitrogen, and in turn, reducing the amount of liberated ammonia. The pH is carefully controlled to be highly alkaline, for causing consumption limiting by the animal ingesting the feed block. After the ingredients are added, the mixture is brought to a temperature which is preferably approximately 140.

Abstract: There is disclosed a packaging method, and package, for animal feed supplement blocks. The packaging method comprises pouring a chemically hardening feed supplement mixture into a mold lined with a bag formed of a water soluble plastic, preferably polyvinyl alcohol. The top edges of the plastic bag are folded against the surface of the liquid mixture in the mold, and an adhesively backed label can be applied over the folded edges. The mold is bottomless, so that it can be readily stripped after the supplement mixture has solidified into a block. The resultant package greatly increases the storage life of the block as it substantially reduces moisture loss and eliminates mold growth. The package is a very attractive, glossy surfaced product, and the color and appearance of the block can be observed through the glossy transparent plastic film. As the plastic film is water soluble and digestible, it does not present any hazard to cattle in the event it is eaten by the cattle.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing a composition which improves the palatability of dog foods. According to the process, a staged enzyme reaction is employed to first digest either a proteinaceous or an amylaceous substrate. The reaction product of the first stage is emulsified with fat, and the resulting emulsion is reacted with lipase and protease, under conditions effective to provide a material which, when applied to a dog food, significantly enhances its palatability. A preferred farinaceous substrate, to be acted upon by an amylase enzyme for the first stage reaction, is corn. Preferred proteinaceous substrates, to be acted upon by protease enzyme, for the first stage reaction include soy, whey, chicken skins, and cheese solids. The resulting product is produced rapidly, contains large quantities of free fatty acids, and has a high level of palatability.

Abstract: Cattle feed blocks are made by a relatively low cost process based, in some embodiments, on the by-product residues of the corn industry. That is, a hardening agent taken from the class consisting of corn gluten feed or corn steep liquor, or both, may be used to provide for hardening the feed block. The first materials to be placed in a mixer include molasses and hot water. The mixer is started, and then the clay is added to keep the ingredients in suspension. Next, animal fat, vitamins, and other ingredients are added to the mixer, after which the mixture is brought to a temperature in the range of about 140.degree. F. to 175.degree. F. at which time magnesium oxide, and vegetable matter are added with the mixer running. Then, all of the ingredients are mixed until the mixture reaches a temperature in the range of 140.degree. F. to 175.degree. F. after which it is placed in corrugated cardboard boxes, to remain in inventory until the resulting feed blocks reach a suitable hardness.

Abstract: In place of using solid DL-methionine for supplementing mixed fodders there are used sodium or potassium methioninate solutions. In comparison to solid methionine they are more easily dosable and can be more easily homogeneously mixed with the remaining components. Employing equimolar amounts they show the same methionine activity as solid methionine.

Abstract: This invention encompasses protein-protected ruminant feed comprising a pelleted admixture of unhydrolyzed proteinaceous meal and a ruminant-edible water-soluble zinc salt providing zinc ions in aqueous solution, said zinc salt being present in an amount providing a 0.25 to 1.3% zinc ions based on the dry weight of the proteinaceous meal, this feed having been prepared by intermixing said zinc salt with said proteinaceous meal, and forming the mixture into pellets. The large amount of zinc protects protein in the rumen of cattle and provides for more efficient utilization of feed protein.

Abstract: An animal food composition of improved palatability is disclosed having a dried meat containing coating which comprises meat, vegetable protein isolate and whey. The palatability enhancing material is applied to a nutritionally balanced animal food product as a dusting in order to enhance the palatability of the pet food product.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of blends for use in fodder preparation constituted by flours, or meals, and active principles, of low dustiness is disclosed wherein to the carrier substance the active principle and a non-ionic physiologically compatible surfactant are added, which are incorporated into the carrier substance by blending.

Abstract: A binder ingredient for pelleted feeds comprising a direct binding agent present as a dry thin film layer or coating upon a solid particle of organic nutrient-filler. The dry thin film layer or coating comprises a water soluble lignin sulfonate such as calcium lignin sulfonate, while the organic nutrient-filler comprises granular dried reed sedge peat. The binder is mixed with the feed ingredients in a desired range, such as in the range of approximately 2 percent by weight, to form a pelleted feed.

Abstract: Light-colored veal very similar to milk-fed veal can be produced by feeding calves a special ration which is high in protein and unsaturated fat, low in carbohydrate, and low in available copper.The ration comprises protein in an amount of about 14% to about 20% by weight, optionally with the addition of certain amino acids; fat in the amount of about 7% to about 12% by weight and carbohydrate not to exceed about 60% by weight. The proportion of available copper in the ration should not exceed about 20 milligrams/pound of feed. The balance of the ration comprises the conventional ingredients fiber, ash, moisture, minerals and trace elements.The veal is produced by feeding the calves substantially exclusively the ration of the invention from the time of weaning until they are ready for slaughter, generally at a weight of about 500 pounds and an age of about 23 weeks.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with improvement in the nutritive value of soybean meal and other oil seed proteinaceous meals for feeding cattle. The improvement is accomplished by treating the meals with a water-soluble zinc salt to provide zinc ions for reaction with the protein. The treatment reduces the rumen digestibility of the protein of the meal and thereby improves its nutritive value.

Abstract: Dry mixes of zinc salts with particulate proteinaceous feeds for ruminants decrease the rumen digestibility of the protein thereby increasing the nutrient value of the feed to the ruminant. The zinc salts are incorporated as powders external to the particles of feed material. The protective action against micro-organism attack on the protein is provided in the rumen. The dry mix feed materials can be used with beef and dairy cattle and sheep.

Abstract: There is disclosed a new soft, moist pet food and a method for its manufacture. The pet food has a high moisture content, 25 to 50 weight percent, and contains two major nutrient ingredients which are: a protein source, such as a meat meal; and a sugar, each of which is used in an amount from 12 to about 35 weight percent on a dry weight basis. The pet food is prepared by mixing the protein source with an aqueous alkaline ingredient and the sugar to obtain a viscous, intimately admixed sol. The sol is then neutralized to a mildly acidic pH value and the resulting mixture is poured into containers in which it solidifies in a period of several hours, reaching most of its ultimate firmness in approximately 24 hours.

Abstract: Corn-earlage is processed so that the kernels and corn-cobs are finely chopped while the husks retain their raw fiber structure. The mixture of the finely chopped kernels and corn-cobs along with husks is placed in a silo to produce ensilage. If the ensilage is to be used to feed hogs, it is removed from the silo and passed through a screen or separating drum for adjusting the fiber content of the material. Depending on the fiber content desired, the material is introduced into the screen drum provided with a number of serially arranged rows of screen plates. Each row has a removable plate which can be replaced with other plates having larger or smaller openings for achieving the desired fiber content in the ensilage to be fed to the hogs. The drum axle is inclined to the horizontal and is adjustably supported at the inlet end of the drum so that its height relative to the outlet end can be varied.

Abstract: The food compositions for pigs contain calcium peroxide. Calcium peroxide is administered to the pigs via the oral route in a proportion of 0.02 to 1.3 % by weight of the total food ration.The percentage of lean meat and the quality of the carcasses are thus substantially improved.