Abstract: A feedstock and a method of utility are provided for increasing the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the tissues and milk of ruminants. A preferred feedstock is composed of a fodder substrate which is blended with an unsaturated aliphatic amide ingredient such as soyamide. The unsaturated aliphatic amide is biohydrogenation-resistant, and bypasses the rumen substantially intact. The aliphatic amide is converted to free fatty acid in the digestive tract, and subsequently is absorbed in the tissues and milk of the ruminant.

Abstract: A method for treating canola seeds for use in ruminant feed is disclosed. The method consists of treating substantially intact canola seeds at a temperature of 30.degree.-90.degree. C. with an aqueous alkaline solution, the solution having a pH of 10-14 and comprising 1-20% by weight, based on the dry weight of the seeds, of alkaline agent. The integrity of the seed coat of the canola seeds remains substantially intact during treatment. When treated seeds are fed to ruminants, the triglycerides, fatty acids and protein present in the treated seeds bypass the rumen, and are digested in the abomasum and the small intestine. Ruminant feeds comprising the treated seeds and methods for feeding these feeds to ruminants are also disclosed.

Abstract: A new process and apparatus efficiently dewater aqueous solids residual after fermentation and distillation, such as corn stillage. The feed stream of aqueous solids slurry is fractionated into two or more sub-streams in such a way that one of the sub-streams contains predominately heavy particulate solids and has substantially improved free-draining characteristics. A second sub-stream contains lighter particles, entrained fines of the heavy particles, and a major portion of the liquid from the feed stream. The free-draining sub-stream is dewatered using a device such as a screen centrifuge or a screw press, both of which produce a cake of relatively high solids content. The remaining liquid from the feed stream is concentrated in an evaporator, before being mixed with the dewatered solids which may be dried to produce an animal feed.

Abstract: Coated animal feed agglomerates such as pellets are made starting with uncoated agglomerates or pellets that may be formed of easily agglomerated or pelleted ingredients but which may be lacking in desirable nutritional or other ingredients. A binder such as a viscous aqueous gel is coated onto the uncoated agglomerates or pellets. Thereafter, the damp binder coated agglomerates or pellets are dusted with a powder containing ingredients which usually are not amenable to being extruded. After the dusting powder has been applied the coated and dusted pellets are dried and cooled.

Abstract: A method of increasing the nutritional value of mycotoxin-contaminated animal feed ingested by an animal by feeding the animal an acid-activated montmorillonite clay simultaneously with the mycotoxin-contaminated or ergot-contaminated animal feed. The acid-activated montmorillonite clay can be fed to the animal in any form, e.g., granular, powder, pellets and the like or can be admixed with other animal food or feed supplements, so long as the clay is present in the animal's stomach (digestive tract) at the same time as the mycotoxin-contaminated animal feed in an amount sufficient to absorb or adsorb mycotoxin from the digestive tract of the animal and thereby aid the animal in metabolic absorption of nutrients from the contaminated animal feed.

Abstract: A system and method for feeding wild birds, where there is a base member (i.e. wood log) having recesses formed therein. A bird feed cartridge having a casing and suet or other bird material contained therein has an end portion thereof inserted into the recess and cut off so that the end portion of the food cartridge is retained in the recess. After a bird eats the bird food in the recess then a second end portion of the cartridge is inserted into the recess.

Abstract: A pet food product and process for treating gastrointestinal disorders are provided. The pet food product contains fermentable fibers which have an organic matter disappearance of 15 to 60 percent when fermented by fecal bacteria for a 24 hour period. The fibers are present in amounts from 3 to 9 weight percent of supplemental total dietary fiber.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the preparation of a ruminant dietary product comprising a blend of fatty acid salt and denatured protein. In the process, whole proteinaceous oilseed in particulate form is treated with a basic alkaline earth metal compound. The oil content of the oilseed is saponified to a fatty acid salt, and the protein content is denatured into a water-insoluble form. The fatty acid salt and denatured protein ingredients of the invention ruminant dietary product have rumen-bypass properties, and are metabolized in the post-rumen digestive tract under ruminant feeding conditions.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of making an animal feed having a stable suspension of psyllium. The method includes the step of mixing an effective amount of a psyllium composition, an animal feed composition, and water to form an animal feed solution. The psyllium composition remains in suspension for greater than 5 minutes.

Abstract: A mineral supplement with vitamins for ruminant animals, and a method for its preparation. Vitamin component granules are provided that contain one or more of Vitamin A, Vitamin D and Vitamin E, the majority of the granules being sized to pass a no. 31/2 U.S. Standard Sieve but not a no. 16 U.S. Standard Sieve, the granules having an irregular shape such that the size and shape of the granules substantially prevents them from separating from the mineral supplement. The granules are combined with a mineral mix of finely divided particles that are visibly smaller than the majority of the vitamin granules, the mineral mix containing one or more of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. The granules may be made by formulating pellets containing the vitamin component, dividing the pellets and retaining the desired size range of granules, and mixing the granules with a finely divided mineral mix.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel soy flour-wheat flour feed, referred to herein as "MSWF feed" useful as a protein source in the diets of animals. Such MSWF feed is particularly useful for at least partially replacing milk as a protein source in the diets of young animals. The MSWF feed comprises modified soy flour, modified wheat flour and malted grain, preferably malted barley, and preferably yeast. Preferably, the wheat flour and soy flour is added in a ratio of from about 2:1 to about 0.1:9.9, by weight; and from about 0.25 to about 25%, by weight, of the combined soyflour-wheat flour weight, of the malted grain. Unlike conventional soy flour, the MSWF feed does not induce diarrhea, poor growth or weight loss associated with an allergic response. The MSWF feed is useful in the diets of young domestic animals, and is also useful as a food for humans particularly where an allergic reaction to soy flour is a problem.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing animal feed comprising combining liquid egg, a protein source and fat and homogenizing the combination. The combination is then spray dried. An animal feed product produced by the method of combining egg, a protein source and fat and then spray drying the combination.

Abstract: Chickens are fed a composition including fish oil over a period of time. Modified eggs laid by such chickens contain substantial quantities of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The modified eggs are fed to humans with the result that serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides and blood pressure are reduced as compared to humans eating a like number of regular eggs with a subsequent decrease in heart disease.

Abstract: Ruminant animals, as herbivores, survive and produce while feeding chiefly on grass or other roughage consisting of large amounts of cellulose. Ruminants which have been consuming primarily diets high in cellulose must gradually be adjusted to high grain rations. When the attempt is made to adapt and feed ruminants diets containing no roughage, metabolic problems surface. The increase in lactic acid and accompanying fall in rumen .sub.p H resulting from roughage or cellulose withdrawal leads not only to the destruction of cellulolytic bacteria which digest cellulose), but to the destruction of lactate utilizing organisms, resulting in acidosis and its attendant adverse effects, which results in less than optimal cattle performance. Herein roughage can be eliminated allowing ruminants to consume an all grain, properly balanced diet without these adverse reactions. A roughage free diet for ruminants is provided which alters the eating behavior of cattle.

Abstract: A binder composition particularly well suited for pelleted and compressed aquatic animal feeds comprising: 10-17%, by weight a reactive metal source; 25-35%, by weight, a reactive metal oxide or hydroxide; 18-28%, by weight, sugar and 28-42%, by weight, corn syrup solids. The binder composition produces feeds with lower calcium and magnesium concentrations that typically utilized binders.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing intermediate products for preparation of animal feeds comprising the steps of: (a) heating a crude granular raw material in a vessel containing a heating device at a temperature sufficient to toast the raw material; (b) feeding the toasted crude raw material from the vessel to a container; (c) cooling the toasted raw material within the container by contacting the toasted raw material with cold air in counterflow to the feeding of the toasted raw material in order to heat and moisten the cold air and to cool and dry the raw material so as to obtain the intermediate products; and (d) feeding the heated moist air back to the vessel thereby recovering the energy from the heating step (a).

Abstract: There is described a method for the manufacture of fodder and/or soil improving agents by anaerobic or aerobic fermentation of environmentally disturbing aquatic plants, specifically water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), which, if desired, have been comminuted.

Abstract: An edible pet chew product having a flexible cellular matrix in which is contained a cellulosic fibrous material such as corn cob fractions having a mechanical cleansing function, which when chewed by the pet, effects a reduction in plaque, stain and tartar on the pet's teeth. An oral care additive may be incorporated in the matrix to inhibit dental problems, the composition of the cellular matrix being substantially inert to the oral care additive.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a process to correct and optimise the feed-composition on basis of testing the levels of so called FIL-lectines in the blood. This correction is exerted by adding certain sugars and amino acids to the feed. Hereby the FIL-level may be adjusted in order to optimize the growth.

Abstract: A method of treating livestock animal feed grains by the addition thereto of a sarsasaponin as a wetting agent in conjunction with the mechanical processing to which feed grains are subjected. A preferred sarasasaponin is that extracted from the Yucca plant. Preferably the sarsasaponin is applied from a liquid medium. The sarsasaponin facilitates moisture uptake by the grain, making it more stable, more palatable and more digestible. When fed to livestock, faster weight gains are obtained with less feed. The wetting agent is desirably added to the grain prior to processing by grinding or rolling and steam flaking.

Abstract: A ruminant animal feed comprising whole linty cottonseed and preferably soybeans. The soybeans may be replaced by other oil bearing grains and additional nutrients may be added to the feed. The feed includes the lint of the cottonseed for providing fiber to the animals and has a reduced gossypol content as compared to whole raw cottonseed. A process utilizing an auger extruder is used to work the mixture of cottonseed and soybeans to heat the mixture and thereby cook it without charring the mixture. Subsequent to cooking the mixture is extruded and cooled for forming a meal that is provided to the animals for feed.

Abstract: A livestock feed supplement providing high by-pass protein, being substantially free of urea and molasses, and providing good palatability. The supplement is formulated using byproducts of grain alcohol fermentation, namely distillers dried grains obtained from the stillage of fermented, dry-milled whole grain, and condensed distillers solubles from such stillage. Standard amounts of other nutritional supplements, including vitamins and minerals, are added to the composition to form the block. The supplement may be compressed and cured into a substantially hard block for free-choice feeding, or packaged in its granular, somewhat moist form for subsequent mixing in livestock feed. The byproducts of the fermentation include natural flavors that provide good palatability without the addition of sweeteners such as molasses.

Abstract: A method for preparing a thixotropic animal feed suspension includes the steps of providing a liquid sugar solution and mixing a nongellatinized starch containing ingredient into the liquid sugar solution and thence mixing a dry bulk feed nutrient into the sugar and starch mixture to form a thixotropic suspension. All mixing steps are accomplished at ambient temperatures and the starch containing ingredient is preferably selected from feed stuffs, from wheat, corn, milo and mixtures thereof. The suspension resulting from this method is stable for long periods of time and at very low temperatures.

Abstract: Method for controlling the amount of feedstuff ingested by steers and heifers provided with feedstuff ad libitum without decreasing the rate of weight gain. In this method, steers and heifers are fed sorbitol, preferably in an amount of from 10 g to 250 g per day, to control the amount of feedstuff ingested without reducing rate of gain.

Abstract: A feed composition for breeding pigs contains about 70 to 90% by weight of an n-3 fatty acid source, about 10 to 20% by weight of a carbohydrate source, about 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of an agent for promoting a decrease in the level of cholesterol, and about 0.1 to 1.0% of an antioxidant.

Abstract: A livestock feed containing meat and bone, bloodmeal, soy hulls, corn and about 20% by weight liquid animal fat. The invention further relates to a process for making a livestock feed including the steps of mixing together meat and bone, bloodmeal, soy hulls, corn and a first portion of liquid animal fat; extruding the mixture into pellets; and then spraying the extruded pellets with a second portion of liquid animal rat. All of the fat used in the livestock feed and in the process for making the livestock feed is liquid animal fat.

Abstract: A composition and method thereof for increasing milk production in dairy cattle by balancing the essential amino acids via a particular complete feed, concentrate, or blender or base mix form of the composition which delivers essential amino acids post ruminally, wherein the composition generally comprises wheat middlings; corn; soybean meal; corn gluten meal; distillers grains or distillers grains with solubles; blood meal; fat; macro-minerals, which include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chlorine and sulfur; trace minerals, which include cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, selenium and zinc; and vitamins, which include vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E.

Abstract: A PET bird feed additives in the form of fine granules obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight of a Dunaliella alga powder with 15 to 50 parts by weight of cyclodextrin under stirring and to 100 parts by weight of the mixed adsorbate thus obtained adding an antioxidant and a binder; a PET bird feed obtained by blending 5 to 15 parts by weight of the granules thus obtained with a common PET bird feed; and processes for producing them. In the PET bird feed additive of the present invention, the Dunaliella alga powder is in the form of a mixed adsorbate together with cyclodextrin and thus .beta.-carotene contained in the Dunaliella alga can be stably sustained and effectively utilized. Further, the offensive odor characteristic to the algae can be removed. Furthermore, the PET bird feed additive of the present invention, which is in the form of fine granules, can be easily blended with a common PET bird feed.

Abstract: A process for preparing a complete ration for confined animals is disclosed. The ration is in solid form and supplies the animals water requirements and nutritional requirements. The ration is prepared by adding an edible gum to water, heating the combined water and edible gum to a temperature effective to solubilize the edible gum, combining the water and gum with a basal feed composition containing the animals nutritional requirement and with a carbohydrate, maintaining the combined materials at a temperature below the gelatinizing temperature of the carbohydrate, dispensing the heated combination into portions and cooling the dispensed portions to form a water containing gelled solid food article.

Abstract: The present invention includes a whey permeate-derived dry sweetener made from a condensed whey permeate and a method of feeding animals the dry whey permeate sweetener. The condensed whey permeate is at least partially caramelized and has a protein level of less than approximately 8% and a lactose level of at least approximately 79% on a dry matter basis.

Abstract: Solid lipid pellets containing 65% to 95%, or higher, lipid concentration suitable for use in or as animal food supplements and/or feed rations wherein: a mixture containing at least water and an edible algin-like coagulant is formed in a mixing chamber (11,12); a liquified lipid is added to form a gel-like algin/water/lipid emulsion; and, the emulsion is deposited in discrete quantities (30) into a metal ion bath (29) causing the emulsion to "set" in a lipid pellet integral and solid throughout its entire structure. The lipid pellets may be packaged for delivery to points of consumption and/or admixed with other feed materials to form nutritive animal feed rations. Small amounts of ammonia and/or bentonite may be added to the aqueous mixture to increase the lipid absorptive capacity thereof.

Abstract: A process and feed composition for supplying fatty acids to ruminant animals which comprises feeding saturated fatty acids in the form of triglycerides to the animals. These highly saturated triglycerides may be added in an amount preferably between 2-5% of the total dry matter of the ratio. The highly saturated fatty acids according to the present invention have an iodine value of less than 25.

Abstract: An animal feedstuff comprising fluffy cotton seed coated with a binder selected from molasses, gum, starch and lignasite in an amount of 1-10% by weight, a filler selected from calcium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, lime, kaolin, extruded and textured proteins, ground cereal grains and mixtures thereof in an amount of 10-50% by weight, and animal maintenance additives selected from vitamins, minerals, trace elements, veterinarian products for the prevention, control or eradication of disease, and growth stimulating factors in an amount of 0-5% by weight.

Abstract: The dog food formula is a composition comprising the following ingredients: brewer's yeast, bran, biscuit mix, water, desiccated liver, safflower or corn oil, ascorbic acid and chelated zinc. Additional ingredients may also be included such as bone meal, lecithin oil, wheat germ oil, soy oil, wheat flour, honey and flavorings such as meat or fish.

Abstract: A substantially toxic-free feed is obtained by maintaining the oil-bearing materials in acid reagents for about 5 minutes to hydrolyze glucosinolates to carbon dioxide and ammonia. The ammonia and carbon dioxide are subsequently stripped therefrom.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for maintaining animals on a diet containing keratin as a source of protein are disclosed. The method comprises feeding an animal a carbohydrate source and a first protein source, the first protein source comprising keratin and a keratinase capable of hydrolyzing the keratin. A composition of the present invention is an animal feed comprising a carbohydrate source and a first protein source, the first protein source comprising keratin and a keratinase capable of hydrolyzing the keratin. A preferred keratin for practicing the present invention is ground feather, and a preferred keratinase for practicing the invention is obtained from Bacillus licheniformis strain PWD-1.

Abstract: A method of producing non-hygroscopic solids from aqueous food solutions of sugars and proteins by mixing an aqueous solution which contains at least 45 weight percent solids comprising at least 20 percent of protein or sugar or mixtures thereof with additives comprising calcium oxide or hydroxide and a soluble phosphate. The resultant mixture is then dried by evaporation to reduce its moisture content to less than twelve weight percent. Depending on the intended use of the product, the mixture can be formed or shaped into the desired form and then dried, or the mixture can be dried and comminuted to produce a free-flowing granular product.

Abstract: In one embodiment this invention provides a process for preparing a feed supplement product which contains C.sub.14 -C.sub.22 fatty acid alkaline earth metal salt and a propionate glucogenous ingredient as essential constituents.The feed product can function as a rumen bypass composition, and permit the beneficial increase of the nutrient fat content of the ruminant feed ration, and facilitate metabolic glucose formation by gluconeogenesis during the digestive cycle.

Abstract: A dry food for domestic dogs or cats is prepared by moistening and crushing cereals and/or legumes and thereupon drying the crushed substance at a temperature of not more than between 50.degree. and 70.degree. C. to form flakes, by drying chunks or lumps of meat, fish and/or comminuted vegetables, and by mixing the chunks or lumps and flakes with each other and with effective quantities of micronutrients and/or a gelling agent. The resulting dry food can be stored in bags and can be served dry or subsequent to contacting with water, milk or another liquid.

Abstract: Ruminant animals, as herbivores, survive and produce while feeding chiefly on grass or other roughage consisting of large amounts of cellulose. Ruminants which have been consuming primarily diets high in cellulose must gradually be adjusted to high grain rations. When the attempt is made to adapt and feed ruminants diets containing no roughage, metabolic problems surface. The increase in lactic acid and accompanying fall in rumen .sub.p H resulting from roughage or cellulose withdrawal leads not only to the destruction of cellulolytic bacteria which digest cellulose), but to the destruction of lactate utilizing organisms, resulting in acidosis and its attendant adverse effects, which results in less than optimal cattle performance. Herein roughage can be eliminated allowing ruminants to consume an all grain, properly balanced due without these adverse reactions. A roughage free diet for ruminants is provided which alters the eating behavior of cattle.

Abstract: A dry solid animal feed composition in which biodegradable feed is contaminated with a mycotoxin and is admixed with a mycotoxin inactivating agent comprising particles of a phyllosilicate mineral capable of inactivating mycotoxins, said particles being coated with a sequestering agent in an amount sufficient to enhance the mycotoxin inactivating capacity of said phyllosilicate.

Abstract: A method of formulating dairy cow rations based on the amounts of ruminally available protein (RAP) and carbohydrates (RAC) in the total daily ration, which includes both grain and forage components. Quantities necessary for determining RAP and RAC values are obtained from conventional chemical analysis and in situ techniques. Statistical analysis of experimentally obtained data showed optimized lactation response is obtained from a total daily ration containing RAP and RAC in the ranges of about 10.5-12.5% and 35.0-45.0%, respectively. Other important nutritional factors such as microbial synthesis and feed escape protein were also shown to be optimized by total daily rations containing RAP and RAC levels within or near the lactation optimization ranges.

Abstract: The invention is a method for coating animal feeds; more particularly a method utilizing a coating composition comprising cane molasses for animal feeds which provides a golden brown color and free-flow characteristics to such feeds. In the method, an animal feed is coated with cane molasses and is separately coated with a composition comprising phosphoric acid, phosphate or polyphosphate salts, or various acids. The resulting coating provides a golden brown color, improves the free-flow characteristics and improves tackiness retention of the feed to which it is applied.

Abstract: A method of increasing the nutritional value of mycotoxin-contaminated animal feed ingested by an animal by feeding the animal a montmorillonite clay simultaneously with the mycotoxin-contaminated animal feed. The montmorillonite clay can be fed to the animal in any form, e.g. granular, powder, pellets and the like or can be admixed with other animal food or feed supplements, so long as the clay is present in the animal's stomach (digestive tract) at the same time as the mycotoxin-contaminated animal feed in an amount sufficient to absorb or adsorb mycotoxin from the digestive tract of the animal and thereby aid the animal in metabolic absorbtion of nutrients from the contaminated animal feed.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of an alkali metal salt of methionine, which can be used as an additive in feedstuffs, is made by hydrolysis of methionine amide with an alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: A composition and method thereof for increasing milk production in diary cattle by balancing the essential amino acids via a particular complete feed, concentrate, or blender or base mix form of the composition which delivers essential amino acids post-ruminally wherein the composition generally comprises wheat middlings; corn; soybean meal; corn gluten meal; distillers grains or distillers grains with solubles; blood meal; fat; macro-minerals, which include calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chlorine and sulfur; trace minerals, which include cobalt, copper, iodine; iron, manganese, selenium and zinc; and vitamins, which include vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method for the modification of a food for a ruminant mammal such that the mammal will produce a modified milk fat or meat fat which method comprises:(a) producing an emulsion of(i) a non-toxic food substance to be encapsulated; and(ii) an acid sensitive nontoxic crosslinkable material which will surround and encapsulate the substance with the proviso that no added crosslinking chemical is present in the emulsion; (b) subjecting the emulsion to reaction conditions which crosslink the crosslinkable material and encapsulate the substance. Specifically, the method is useful to encapsulate emulsified unsaturated fatty acids with a natural protein such as whey protein concentrate containing a reducing sugar, such as lactose, with crosslinking and encapsulating using the Maillard browning reaction. Cattle sheep or goats feed the modified food produce a higher level of unsaturated milk fat and meat fat.

Abstract: A reduced animal product pet food or non-animal pet food composition having a mixture of proteinaceous and farinaceous components in an amount sufficient to provide a nutritionally balanced, dry pellet. The pet food composition includes a non-meat based animal fat substance and a vegetable based fat substance. The non-meat based animal fat substance is preferably an egg or dairy based fat substance. Lactase, pectin, hyperfortified vitamin, and flavoring components are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method enabling reduction in the occurrence of dark-cutting meat in animals especially in ruminants such as bovine cattle, sheep and goats. This method comprises the administration to animals intended for slaughter of an effective amount of sorbitol shortly before their slaughter. The invention also comprises a feed supplement for animals intended for slaughter, this feed supplement being administered either in solid form or in the form of an aqueous liquid preferably added directly in their drinking water. The amount of sorbitol administered before slaughter is at least 0.05% of the weight of the carcass of the animal.

Abstract: By giving mammals, fowls, fish, etc. feeds containing Bacillus subtilis C-3102 FERM BP-1096), an excellent body weight gain and feed efficiency can be obtained.