Abstract: A high quality animal feed stuff is produced by thermal dewatering of liquid stillage obtained from fermentation of grain raw material and distillation of the fermentation product. The liquid stillage is mixed with particles of already dewatered product and the mixture is granulated in a granulation device to form essentially spherical granules with a dry substance content of 50-70% by weight, the major part of the granules having a particle diameter in the range of 2-6 mm, whereafter the granules are dried by being conveyed as a porous bed in a controlled path in contact with hot gas of a temperature less than 100.degree. C., and whereafter a part of the dried granules with a desired particle size are discharged and the remaining part of the granules after possible disintegration are recirculated to the granulation step.

Abstract: A highly palatable soft granular foodstuff suitable for a wide range of animals including both livestock and fish is prepared by adding propylene glycol and a fatty component to the basic nutritional components, moisture content being adjusted. No heat treatment is necessary.

Abstract: A nutritious dry food for feeding to pets, wherein a farinaceous-based core is covered by a primary coating containing farinaceous material and a relatively small amount of proteinaceous material to provide flavor and texture, and is further covered by a secondary coating containing an ingredient such as starch or egg to impart a sheen to the surface of the finished pet food. In a preferred form, the core includes a majority by weight of ground uncooked wheat and additionally meat and bone meal, the primary coating includes cracked oat groats and a small amount of liver or meat, and the secondary coating includes starch to give the final dried product a shiny, glistening appearance.

Abstract: An improved fodder composition resulting in the slow release of phosphorous comprising a combination of a phosphorous component, a nitrogen component and a starch and a process for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a palatable, high-moisture pet food which is reliably stable against microbial attack without need to resort to pasteurization.This objective has long been sought by the art and is now met by the pet food provided by the invention which is a nutritionally-balanced pet food comprising protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, has a moisture content within the range of from 50 to 80%, exhibits a water activity of at least 0.90, and further comprises on a total weight basis from 4% to 15% fructose; from 0.3% to 3.0% of an edible organic acid and sufficient inorganic acid to maintain the pH of the product within the range of from 3.5 to 5.8; and an antimycotic in an amount which is effective to prevent mold growth wherein the preservation system is bactericidal.According to a preferred embodiment the binders comprises carageenan and the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of heptanoic, octonoic, nonanoic and combination of these.

Abstract: The invention provides a highly nutritional unfermented medium protein animal feed supplement by admixing wet corn bran having an abnormally high moisture content with concentrated corn steep to form a moist cohesive but friable mass, the process elminating a significant proportion of the energy used in and pollution occasioned by prior art process. In a modification, the above unfermented product is subjected to a natural fermentation stage resulting in a fermented supplement which is microbiologically and gravitationally stable for an extended period of time. One further advantage of the present invention is that the corn bran and steep liquor from a corn wet milling plant can be used in the specific amounts as actually produced in the normal operation of the plant, thereby allowing plant efficiencies to be maintained.

Abstract: The main advantage of the process is that as starting substances by-products and wastes of the metallurgical industry can be used (pickling solution, lean ores etc.). The thus-obtained salt mixtures are more homogeneous than the mixtures known so far.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of a concentrate containing trace elements suitable for human beings and animals, in which vegetable ash and/or coal residues containing inorganic constituents are added to acid, liquid by-products from the processing of milk, trace elements and/or minerals are optionally introduced and the product obtained is dried. The product may then be ground or granulated.The invention also relates to the concentrate obtained by this process and to a concentrate which, based on the dry mass, containsfrom 20 to 75 parts by weight of dry matter emanating from a liquid by-product from the processing of milk,from 8 to 55 parts by weight of vegetable ash and/or coal residues containing inorganic constituents,from 0 to 25 parts by weight of a mixture of trace elements,from 0 to 70 parts by weight of minerals andfrom 0 to 15 parts by weight of carbohydrates and/or gums.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide an improved shelf-stable food, which is reliably stable against microbial attack without need to resort to pasteurization. The disclosed food products contain a preservative system comprising an aromatic alcohol selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, 2-phenyl ethanol, sec-phenyl ethanol, 3-phenyl-1-propanol, 1-phenyl-1-propanol, 2-phenyl-1-propanol, 2-phenyl-2-propanol, 1-phenyl-2-butanol, 2-phenyl-1-butanol, 3-phenyl-1-butanol, 4-phenyl-2-butanol, dl-1-phenyl-2-pentanol, 5-phenyl-1-pentanol, 4-phenyl-1-butanol, and combinations of these. The products can be nutritionally-balanced pet food and contain moisture contents within the range of from about 12 to 80%. According to a preferred embodiment, the amount of aromatic alcohol will comprise from about 0.75 to about 1.25% of the moisture content of the food. The food products are stabilized against microbial growth including bacteria, molds and yeasts, as well as against infestation by mites.

Abstract: A method for producing a pet food with good storage stability having a water content of 20 to 45% by weight and a pH of 6.0 or below, which comprises admixing granules having a particle diameter of 300 to 1500 microns and comprising as a main ingredient a fine powder of sorbic acid having a particle size (Tyler's mesh) smaller than 250 mesh with starting materials for the pet food to disperse the sorbic acid powder in the form of discrete fine particles uniformly in said starting materials, and heating these materials simultaneously with, or after, the mixing.

Abstract: The invention is a sugar solution-based, preferably molasses-based, animal feed supplement which is produced as a viscous liquid that is gelled into a hard solid by the addition of a soluble calcium salt or oxide, preferably calcium oxide, a soluble phosphate, and a substantial quantity of magnesium oxide. Prior to its solidification a limited amount of discrete cellulose fibers can also be added to reinforce the solid and prevent its cracking. The solid product is hard and water resistant and has a limited consumption rate.

Abstract: The growth of microorganisms in stored crops, and especially in animal feedstuffs, is inhibited by the application, in the presence of urease, of a preservative composition which comprises ammonia, urea and urea polymers in a fluid medium. Urea polymers which are useful include biuret, triuret, cyanuric acid, urea cyanurate and other compounds which decompose to form ammonia. The effect of treatment with the preservative composition is to provide an immediate microorganism-inhibiting ammonia level, which, due to delayed decomposition of the urea and urea polymers, is sustained to some significant degree during prolonged storage of the treated material.

Abstract: A method of feeding fish in a tank with water comprises the steps of forming in the fish tank a region for feeding fish, introducing into the region a water-stable fodder and forcedly moving the water in the fish tank so as to maintain the fodder floating in the feeding region. In an arrangement for performing the method means forming a feeding station, and means for forcedly moving water in the feeding station are provided. The method of the invention may also comprise the step of utilizing heat liberated during operation of a biological reactor for heating agitated water in the fish tank. A water-stable fish fodder comprises particulate nutrient matter and a protein-containing binder imparting substantial water stability to the fodder formed as a pallet. The binder may be admixed with or may outwardly cover the particulate nutrient matter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for modifying the conformation of plant proteins for increasing their biological utilization, which comprises treating said plant protein with gaseous hydrogen chloride to adjust its pH to a value between 1.6 and 2.4, as measured in a 20% by weight aqueous suspension, for a period sufficient to increase the digestibility of said protein without bringing the protein into solution or suspension, and thereafter bringing the pH of said protein to a value between 4 and 7 with an alkalizing agent, wherein the moisture content of said protein is increased with the alkalizing agent at most to 50% by weight.

Abstract: Preparing a foodstuff for human or animal consumption by sowing seeds of at least one quick-germinating plant of a type such as to produce strong root systems in peat which is allowed to lie in a layer having a thickness in the range of from 40 to 200 mm for a vegetation period of from 10 to 21 days, there being at least 900 Kg of seeds per hectare of the layer and recovering the germinated seeds and the peat as the foodstuff.

Abstract: This invention is addressed to the increase in milk production of dairy cows, and particularly high producing dairy cows, by inclusion in their feed of an amount of waste sulfite liquor which does not exceed 5% by wet weight and is present preferably within the range of 0.5-4% by wet weight.

Abstract: Solid carbonaceous fossil fuels such as coal, lignite and peat are treated with an aqueous medium containing a novel catalyst to remove undesirable constituents and produce valuable products. The catalyst is prepared by steps including admixing a water soluble alkali metal silicate with an aqueous medium containing carefully controlled amounts of dissolved water soluble substances which are sources of calcium ion and magnesium ion, reacting the same to produce an aqueous colloidal suspension of the reaction product, admixing a micelle-forming surfactant with the aqueous medium, and agitating the aqueous medium containing the colloidal particles and surfactant to form catalyst-containing micelles. Particles of the fossil fuel, or components thereof, are treated and solubilized in the aqueous catalyst suspension to produce a novel aqueous solution which has highly unusual and unexpected properties. The resultant solution has important applications in agriculture and animal husbandry.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to improve the palatability of soy-containing dog foods.It is difficult to make foods which are both low in cost and palatable to dogs. Soybeans provide a range of economical proteinaceous materials and are widely used in dog foods. When made under normal processing conditions, these soy-containing dog foods are less palatable than is desired. The present invention improves these foods by selectively treating the soybean proteinaceous material to improve its contribution to the overall palatability of the dog food, thereby improving the overall product palatability. According to a preferred aspect of the invention, soybeans are selectively treated by roasting followed by quenching with a fat, such as soybean oil, added in an amount of about 2 to 15% of the weight of the soybeans.

Abstract: A nutritious vegetable seed solubles binder for animal feed blocks. The subject vegetable seed solubles contain about 80% by weight carbohydrate and up to about 24% by weight protein on a dry substance basis. The new binder may be used as a complete or partial replacement for cane molasses as a binder in animal feed blocks, including those such as molasses/salt blocks, medicated feed blocks and high protein feed blocks. The subject vegetable seed solubles may also be combined with soybean hulls, bagasse or such similar material to make an ingredient which is then used to make animal feed blocks.

Abstract: A method for recovering and recycling animal waste materials permits the separation of the solids with a desired moisture content from the remaining liquids and finer solid particles and wherein the liquids and finer solid particles are converted into a high quality single cell protein by means of aerobic digestion so as to maximize the value and percentage of total solids reclaimed as well as to maintain excellent sanitation and minimize odors from anaerobic decomposition.

Abstract: Fermented ammoniated condensed whey (FACW) is solidified by mixing it with certain calcium salts and allowing the mixture to stand. The mixture, while still liquid, may be mixed with grains, roughage and forage materials, or it may be shaped into blocks, cubes or pellets. Solidified FACW can be used as a feed supplement for ruminant animals. During the solidification calcium ammonium lactate is formed which is a new crystalline chemical composition. Calcium ammonium lactate (CAL) may be prepared in purified form from lactic acid, calcium hydroxide and ammonia. CAL is useful independently as a feed supplement for ruminant animals.

Abstract: The addition of a multifunctional crosslinking reagent, such as glutaraldehyde, to green juice in conjunction with lowering the pH to a value in the range of 3.0 to 5.0, such as by the addition of potassium bisulfate causes substantially complete precipitation of soluble proteins from green juice extracted from leafy plant tissue and simultaneously coagulates suspended protein. The multifunctional crosslinking reagent generally can be any compound having a chemical structure within the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a divalent ion such as oxygen, sulfur or NH; R is hydrogen or a short chain alkyl radical having 1-5 carbon atoms; and n is an integer in the range of 0-10.

Abstract: A method of producing an extruded, microbiologically stable, intermediate moisture food product having a moisture content between about 25 and 35% by weight, a protein content between about 15 and 35% by weight, an antimycotic agent and a water activity (A.sub.w) between about 0.75 and 0.85, which has an extended shelf life when stored in moisture-proof packages and does not require hermetic packaging or refrigeration.

Abstract: A method for preparing animal feeds wherein a multi-element mixture is subjected to disk pelletizing resulting in a unique animal food product.

Abstract: Methods of producing fodder are disclosed in which a layer of peat is sown with seeds of quick-growing variety producing strong root systems.The layer of peat is allowed to remain undisturbed for a period of days after which the peat with the then germinated seeds is suitable for use as fodder.In one embodiment the layer of peat is disposed on a surface impermeable to plant roots.The seeds may be introduced into the peat before or after formation of the layer.

Abstract: Distillers solubles are purified by a centrifugal separation to a degree above 50,000 which is the product of g x minute, or a filtration with addition of a filter aid. The clarified matter is purified by a molecular sieve ultrafiltration treatment, reverse osmosis or an organic solvent precipitation. The clarified matter or purified matter thus obtained is pulverized by spray drying, lyophilic drying or air drying.Said clarified matter, purified matter or pulverized matter is added to a fermentation medium or a feed as an available component.

Abstract: A swine, hog and pig fodder which comprises the customary digestible meal or grain component, e.g. soy or bran meal, in combination with an indigestible blown perlite additive with a particle size up to 5 mm and preferably between 0 and 2 mm. The fodder can contain 10 to 50 volume % blown perlite which may store in its open-pore structure physiologically or medicinally effective substances such as medicaments, trace elements essential to nutrition and vitamins.

Abstract: A method of producing a dry pet food product containing fibrous food pieces having a tough, pliable texture combined with a basal matrix containing proteinaceous and farinaceous materials having a porous texture and appearance is disclosed. The fibrous food pieces, which may simulate vegetables, grains and red meat pieces, comprise denatured proteinaceous material. The food pieces are blended with undenatured proteinaceous materials and farinaceous materials. The mixture is mechanically worked under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure and finally extruded to form an expanded dry pet food product having a porous texture interspersed with food pieces having a tough, pliable fibrous texture.

Abstract: Cold anhydrous ammonia, preferably cold liquid anhydrous ammonia at substantially ambient or atmospheric pressure is applied to feed grains, forages and anaerobically fermentable plant material to supply thereto and provide therein non-protein nitrogen (NPN). The cold anhydrous ammonia is obtained by supplying a stream of ambient temperature, pressurized anhydrous liquid ammonia to an expansion chamber for expansion therein to provide the cold anhydrous ammonia. Cold anhydrous ammonia, preferably substantially only cold liquid anhydrous ammonia, is recovered from the expansion chamber operated under substantially adiabatic conditions, at a temperature in the range -30.degree. F. to about -17.degree. F. and at substantially ambient or atmospheric pressure, such as at a pressure in the range 1 pound per square inch below atmospheric pressure up to about 5 pounds per square inch atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: The invention relates to nutritious materials containing proteins wherein said proteins are originated from osmosensitive microorganisms, i.e. microorganisms the cell walls of which are spontaneously broken when brought into contact with a medium of low osmotic pressure.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a dog food of improved acceptability.Dog foods, no matter how nutritious, must be palatable for the dogs to receive the proper nutrition. This invention provides a dog food of improved palatability by the use of magnesium oleate as a palatant. The preferred embodiment employs magnesium oleate in a surface fat coating to enhance the palatability of a dry dog food. Levels of about 0.2% to about 0.4% based on the total weight of the food are most preferred.

Abstract: A dog food composition of improved palatability to dogs is disclosed as well as a method of generally enhancing the palatability of dried or intermediate moisture dog food compositions having a moisture content of less than about 50% by weight of the composition by adding thereto a palatability enhancing amount of 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol, preferably in an amount of between about 0.0001 to 0.001% by weight of the composition.

Abstract: An animal feed component is prepared by subjecting spent coffee grounds to a saponification treatment in an aqueous reaction medium, acidifying the medium to a pH below 5 and recovering an animal feed component by drying the acidified medium.The grounds may optionally be subjected to an oxidation treatment after saponification.

Abstract: Essentially solid, free-flowing, blended compositions are provided containing wastes or by-products obtained in manufacturing cooked, farinaceous food products, especially snack chips, e.g., corn chips or potato chips, and one or more of rice hulls, soybean hulls and peanut hulls. The compositions may, in addition, contain other dietary solids, such as other cellulosic fibrous wastes. The compositions are useful as animal feeds or as animal feed ingredients.

Abstract: A homogeneous, free-flowing urea containing composition which has particular utility as an animal feed supplement or a fertilizer material and an improved process for preparing same are disclosed. In the process urea and particular forms of calcium sulphate are intimately mixed, optionally with calcium phosphate and one or more desired additives, and pelletized or granulated as by compression compaction. In one embodiment, micronutrients are blended into the urea-calcium sulphate mixture before compaction and the granules so produced may be subsequently utilized as a fertilizer supplement or in combination with primary nutrients as a complete fertilizer. In a second embodiment, the urea-calcium sulphate constitute an animal feed supplement to be blended with other, non-hygroscopic, nutrients such as calcium phosphate and the like in forming a silage or complete animal feed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for the preparation of an animal feed supplement from fish cannery waste process water in which the water is maintained under aerobic conditions and is processed through a flotation cell to separate the oils and proteins contained in the water as a concentrated sludge. The sludge is dewatered, blended with a bulk, solid carrier preserved against oxidative spoilage of the lipids with an effective anti-oxidant, and dried in vacuum under low temperature conditions to obtain an animal feed supplement in dry particulate form. The processing of the waste water is done under aerobic conditions to promote the growth of yeast and non-toxic, aerobic, bacterial improve color and odor and texture, and enhance the feed value of the sludge recovered from the processing.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a dog food of improved acceptability.Dog foods, no matter how nutritious, must be palatable for the dogs to receive the proper nutrition. This invention provides a dog food of improved palatability by the use of amino acid palatants selected from the group consisting of L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, L-tryptophan, L-methionine, L-arginine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-serine, and any combination of these. The palatant is employed in any effective amount, usually from 0.001 to 0.8 wt. percent, on dry, intermediate-moisture, or canned dog food.

Abstract: A bulk package of a mixture of hard and soft pet food results in no chunking and no product separation when the hard pet food is provided in bite size pieces having at least two large dimensions and the soft pet food is present in the form of slender strands having a length between 1.4 and 3.0 times the largest dimension of the dry pet food pieces.

Abstract: The present invention identifies certain compounds, naturally present in raw meat, which are especially taste active in the dog. These compounds, which have been found to maximally activate taste neurons, are L-proline, L-cysteine, L-histidine, L-lysine, inosine 5'-triphosphate (ITP), inosine 5'-diphosphate (IDP), and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). Application of these compounds to dog foods in effective amounts can increase their palatability for dogs.

Abstract: An animal feed supplement in a solid, weather resistant block form and method of making is disclosed. The molasses based feed supplement block, intended for consumption primarily by ruminant animals, although not limited thereto, contains ferrous sulfate as a blocking agent. The feed supplement also comprises a water absorbent clay, a phosphorous source and finely ground magnesium oxide as well as an edible fat or oil in sufficient quantities to set into a solid block when admixed with the blocking agent. A preferred block composition is prepared by a method which comprises admixing the molasses, water, phosphate source and water absorbent clay under high speed shearing action for an effective amount of time to disperse the clay, admixing edible fat and dispersing it in the mixture and then admixing ferrous sulfate and finely ground magnesium oxide to obtain a nutrient mixture. The mixture is then poured into molds or packages and solidifies to form a hard block.

Abstract: Corn-earlage is processed so that the kernels and corn-cobs are finely chopped while the husks retain their raw fiber structure. The mixture of the finely chopped kernels and corn-cobs along with husks is placed in a silo to produce ensilage. If the ensilage is to be used to feed hogs, it is removed from the silo and passed through a screen or separating drum for adjusting the fiber content of the material. Depending on the fiber content desired, the material is introduced into the screen drum provided with a number of serially arranged rows of screen plates. Each row has a removable plate which can be replaced with other plates having larger or smaller openings for achieving the desired fiber content in the ensilage to be fed to the hogs. The drum axle is inclined to the horizontal and is adjustably supported at the inlet end of the drum so that its height relative to the outlet end can be varied.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing an aqueous composition, which contains insoluble components mainly consisting of insoluble protein, insoluble carbohydrates and fats, which tend either to precipitate or to migrate to the surface of the composition, which process comprises incorporating into a dry composition a stabilizing proportion of a casein which has been enzymatically hydrolysed under conditions such that the K-casein moiety has been hydrolysed whereas no peptides having a molecular weight below 10.sup.4 have been formed.

Abstract: A method of making a stable, emulsified, liquid starch product which comprises from about 45% to about 85% edible liquid, and from about 15% to about 55% of a whole, non-starch isolated, starch bearing material emulsified with said edible liquid. The method comprises size reducing the starch material, slurrying the size reduced material with edible liquid, hydrothermally cooking the slurried mixture, and holding said hydrothermally cooked mixture at the temperature at which it exits from the hydrothermal cooker for from one to four minutes in order to significantly increase gelatinization and maltose values. It has also been found when this is done, lactic acid levels are increased which significantly improves the product. Finally, it has been found that the product can be used as an effective grain and silage sealer, which is also nutritional.

Abstract: Feedstuff for livestock containing essentially carbohydrates (starches and cellulose based products) and glucosylurea of more than 90% purity. The glucosylurea is obtained by the condensation under acidic conditions of urea and glucose and the addition of 30-50% water which results, after final concentration and cooling, in the crystallization of pale yellow glucosylurea.

Abstract: Animal feeds based on carbohydrates, protein and fats containing from 1 to 250 ppm of one of the antibiotics lincomycin or oleandomycin and a content of proteolytic enzymes in such an amount that the enzymatic activity is from 0.05 to 2.5 mTU/gm of said animal feed.

Abstract: A fish food composition and a process for using the composition are provided for enhancing the color of fish. The fish food composition is a combination of conventional fish food with pigmenting agents and limited amounts of the hormone testosterone. The process includes raising newborn fish on conventional fish food for five to eight weeks, and then continuously feeding the subject composition to fish for eight weeks to obtain peak coloration. The feeding of the new composition is continued for as long as color enhancement is desired.

Abstract: Animal feeds based on carbohydrates, protein, fats and, optionally, conventional additives, containing from 5 to 150 ppm of one of the antibiotics Virginiamycin, zinc Bacitracin or flavophospholipol and a content of proteolytic enzymes in such an amount that the enzymatic activity is from 0.05 to 2.5 mTU/gm of said animal feed, wherein the animal feed contains up to 20% less, based on corresponding conventional animal feeds, of essential food components and consequently possibly of the convertible energy of the animal feed, and the method of rearing animals with such feeds.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of animal feed supplement blocks by chemically hardening a nutrient containing water bearing medium using active magnesium oxide and dicalcium phosphate.

Abstract: An animal feed supplement in a solid, weather resistant block form and method of making is disclosed. The molasses based feed supplement block, intended for consumption primarily by ruminant animals, although not limited thereto, contains magnesium oxide as a blocking agent. The feed supplement also comprises a water absorbent clay, a phosphorous source and an edible fat or oil in sufficient quantities to set into a solid block in a relatively short period of time at ambient temperatures. A preferred block composition is prepared by a method which comprises admixing the molasses, water, phosphorous source and water absorbing clay under high speed shearing action for an effective amount of time to disperse the clay, admixing edible fat and dispersing it in the mixture and then admixing magnesium oxide to obtain a viscous nutrient mixture that thickens quickly. The mixture is then poured into molds or packages and solidifies to form a hard depackagable block.

Abstract: An animal feed supplement in a solid, weather resistant block form and method of making is disclosed. The molasses, based feed supplement block, intended for consumption primarily by ruminant animals, although not limited thereto, contains ferrous sulfate as a blocking agent. The feed supplement also comprises a water absorbent clay, a phosphorous source and magnesium oxide as well as an edible fat or oil in sufficient quantities to set into a solid block form in less than one hour at room temperature when admixed with the blocking agent. A preferred block composition is prepared by a method which comprises admixing the molasses, water, phosphorus source and water absorbing clay under high speed shearing action of an effective amount of time to disperse the clay, admixing edible fat and dispersing it in the mixture and then admixing ferrous sulfate and magnesium oxide to obtain a viscous nutrient mixture that thickens quickly.