Abstract: Carotenoid preparations in the form of coldwater-dispersible powders are produced bya) preparing a molecular-disperse solution of a carotenoid, with or without an emulsifier and/or an edible oil, in a volatile, water-miscible, organic solvent at elevated temperature and adding therein an aqueous solution of a protective colloid, whereupon the hydrophilic solvent component is transferred into the aqueous phase, and the hydrophobic phase of the carotenoid results as nanodisperse phase,b) heating the resulting hydrosol at from 40.degree. C. to 90.degree. C., with or without cooling of the hydrosol to from 0.degree. C. to 30.degree. C. beforehand, andc) removing the solvent and the water from the heated hydrosol, and converting it into a water-dispersible dry powder.

Abstract: To incorporate water into a chocolate, chocolate and an emulsion or dispersion of a thickening or gelling substance in water, particularly a dispersion of microcrystalline cellulose in water, are introduced into an extruder and mixed and passed to an extruder nozzle so that the chocolate mass extrudate from the nozzle has a temperature of from 0.degree. C. to 28.degree. C.

Abstract: A composition for preventing and treating milk fever in freshening cows, and a method of administering the composition. The basic composition is a mixture of water, calcium chloride, propylene glycol, B vitamins and minerals. The calcium content is lower than conventional calcium treatments used for this purpose. The propylene glycol gives the cow an energy boost and sweetens the taste so the cow does not object to it as it does to conventional gels and liquids. The B vitamins stimulate the cow's appetite. The minerals replace minerals lost in the milk and also help the cow absorb calcium. The composition of the present invention is in a liquid form and is preferably administered using a 200-300 cc drench gun. The end of the dispensing tube of the drench gun is placed between the teeth and cheek of the cow near the receptors that stimulate the esophageal groove reflex.

Abstract: Baby foods comprising water and celeriac root crown, Hamburg parsley root or a combination thereof and methods for preparation of such baby foods.

Abstract: A chart used for assessing oxidative stress is prepared, wherein a numerical figure representing the degree of excess or deficiency of an indicator substance indicating oxidative stress in humans is shown in the ordinate, and a numerical figure corresponding to the standard value recovered from normal subjects is also shown in the ordinate, while the items of such indicator substances are grouped in damaging substances, water-soluble antioxidants, fat-soluble antioxidants, and antioxidant enzymes to be shown in the abscissa. By numerically representing the ratio of the measured value of each indicator substance in a test subject to the standard value and recording the resulting numerical figure on the chart, the degree of excess or deficiency of the indicator substance indicating the extent of oxidative stress in humans is collectively shown in the chart, whereby the degree of excess or deficiency of the indicator substance in a test subject can be analyzed in a simple procedure.

Abstract: An animal feed, preferably a poultry feed, containing an 1.alpha.-hydroxylated vitamin D compound. The vitamin D compound causes improved utilization of phosphorus, calcium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, iron and manganese available from inorganic sources in animal feed so as to minimize, or perhaps eliminate, the need for supplemental quantities of these minerals in an animal diet.

Abstract: A nutritional supplement contains plural parts. Each of the plural parts is chronologically appropriate for its scheduled time of consumption. The nutritional supplement is contained in a palatable base, for example, a food bar which masks any unpleasant taste or texture of the nutrient. The nutritional supplement may contain any one or several nutrients including drugs, vitamins, herbs, hormones, enzymes and/or other nutrients in chronologically appropriate dosages in each part or sub-part.

Abstract: Nutritional iron compositions comprising bioavailable sources of iron selected from ferrous fumarate and ferrous succinate where the iron source is preferably spread on the surface of a lecithin coated edible carrier such as sucrose. These nutritional iron compositions are particularly useful in food and beverage products such as chocolate flavored edible mixes, especially chocolate flavored beverages, that are additionally fortified with other minerals and vitamins, especially multi-mineral and vitamin combinations involving, iodine, vitamin A, vitamin C, riboflavin, and folic acid to avoid developing an undesirable color, off-flavor, astringency, particularly when the edible and/or beverage mix is reconstituted with water or milk.

Abstract: Stable aqueous compositions of biologically active oils for the preparation of optically clear products for use in human or animal healthcare, for example beverages, are prepared by a process comprising: (a) mixing 0.001-2.0% w/w of a biologically active oil or 0.1-2.0% w/w of a biologically active oil as a 20-30% dispersion in a suitable oil with 0.1-1.0% of an antioxidant or antioxidant mixture, (b) dispersing the mixture from (a) in 2-20 % of an emulsifier or an emulsifier mixture having an HLB (hydrophilc-lipophilic balance) value of 10 to 18 and heating to 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. so as to yield a transparent mixture, (c) raising the temperature of the mixture from (b) as appropriate whilst maintaining stirring to maintain a transparent mixture, and (d) combining the mixture from (c) with water having a minimum temperature of 95.degree. C. while continuously stirring to provide a trasparent composition.

Abstract: Multi-vitamin and mineral supplements for administration to lactating, non-lactating, and menopausal women, which comprise specific regimens of critical nutritional agents. The supplements are specifically tailored to meet nutritional requirements and maintain a woman's health during each stage of life.

Abstract: A formulation of physiologically-effective clear/translucent beverage containing non-gel forming soluble fibre and a soluble salt of calcium and other mineral supplements along with pharmaceutically-active components with organoleptic properties similar to a regular beverage is disclosed. This formulation refers to a powder mix, a liquid concentrate or a ready-to-drink bottled beverage. The powder mix and the liquid concentrate can be diluted with water or other ingestible liquids to reconstitute into the above beverage. The beverage contains food acids as buffering agents to prevent precipitation and enhance solubilization of the metal salts in neutral or weakly alkaline conditions. The drink could contain other nutrients, vitamins, pharmaceutically active ingredients, liposomes and herbal products. The mineral salts can be incorporated into the beverage either by in situ preparation by reaction of the basic metal salts with food acids or by solubilizing the appropriate preformed organic salts.

Abstract: New carotenoids of the formula ##STR1## wherein R and n have the significances given herein, are useful for pigmenting the egg yolk, integuments and/or subcutaneous fat of poultry and the meat and/or integuments of fish and crustacea when included in the feed of the poultry, fish or crustacea. As well as such carotenoids and method of pigmenting the invention further embraces the pertinent carotenoid-enriched feed for poultry, fish or crustacea, the premixes for incorporation in such feeds and beadlets containing one or more of these carotenoids for incorporation in such premixes and the use of the carotenoids in the pigmenting method. The process of manufacturing such carotenoids, which more specifically may be designated as carotenoid ketones, monoesters and diesters, also represents an aspect of the invention.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing the incidence of otitis media in infants and young children by enterally administering indigestible fructooligosaccharides. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for reducing the incidence of otitis media comprising administering to humans an indigestible fructooligosaccharide selected from the group consisting of 1-kestose, nystose and 1-.sup.F -B-fructofuranosyl nystose . The indigestible fructooligosaccharides can be produced through enzymatic synthesis, chemical techniques or isolated from plant materials and are administered in the form of a nutritional product, candy, tablets, chewing gums, lozenges, milk products, yogurts and the like. In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the fructooligosaccharides have a DP of 2 to 20 and still more preferably are the fructooligosaccharides FG.sub.2, GF.sub.3, and GF.sub.4.

Abstract: A health food product containing a first component in the form of a discrete portion from a second component provides enhanced in vivo oxidative defense indices and prevents or attenuates exercise-induced in vivo oxidative stress as indicated by cellular and/or tissue modification. The first component includes an antioxidant mixture containing a blend of antioxidants selected from all-trans beta-carotene, a mixture of cis beta-carotenes, all-trans alpha-carotene, a mixture of cis alpha-carotenes, all-trans lycopene, a mixture of cis lycopenes, all-trans gamma-carotene, a mixture of cis gamma-carotenes, zeta-carotene, phytofluene, phytoene, vitamin C, vitamin E and curcumin. The process includes co-extruding the first component and second component to deliver the first component as an internalized core within the second component or layering the components or surrounding the first component with the second component.

Abstract: Liquid beverages for supplementation of dietary calcium are disclosed. The beverages of this invention use calcium glycerophosphate as the source of calcium, acidulants, vitamin C and optionally, vitamin D.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing popped grain products enriched with vitamins, minerals and/or trace elements, especially popcorn. Before or during popping of the raw grain kernels a predetermined amount of vitamins and/or minerals and/or trace elements dissolved or dispersed by themselves alone or in a suitable carrier substance are placed in a suitable container in which the raw grain kernels are already located. The added micronutrients are heat treated together with the grain kernels for 1 to 5 minutes at a temperature from 130.degree. to 280.degree. C., or with microwaves at 400 to 1500 watts. At least most of the amount of micronutrients used are absorbed by the popping grain kernels and are uniformly distributed in them, so that a ready-to-eat popcorn product enriched with micronutrients is obtained.

Abstract: Nutritional iron compositions comprising bioavailable sources of iron selected from ferrous fumarate and ferrous succinate where the iron source is preferably spread on the surface of a lecithin coated edible carrier such as sucrose. These nutritional iron compositions are particularly useful in food and beverage products such as chocolate flavored edible mixes, especially chocolate flavored beverages, that are additionally fortified with other minerals and vitamins, especially multi-mineral and vitamin combinations involving, iodine, vitamin A, vitamin C, riboflavin, and folic acid to avoid developing an undesirable color, off-flavor, astringency, particularly when the edible and/or beverage mix is reconstituted with water or milk.

Abstract: An improved enteral formula containing ribo-nucleotide equivalents (RNA, mono-, di- and triphosphate nucleotides, nucleosides and adducts such as activated sugars) at a level of at least 10 mg/100 Kcal (kilocalorie) of formula. More specifically, an infant formula containing at least 10 milligrams of nucleotide equivalents per 100 Kcal of formula where the nucleotide equivalents consist of RNA; mono-, di-, and triphosphate esters of adenosine, cytidine, guanosine, and uridine, and the d-ribose adducts thereof; and wherein the weight ratio of said cytidine nucleotide equivalents to said uridine nucleotide equivalents is 1.5:1 to 2.6:1; of said cytidine nucleotide equivalent to said adenosine nucleotide equivalents is 2:1 to 3.9:1; and of said cytidine nucleotide equivalents to said guanosine nucleotide equivalents is 1.75:1 to 2.8:1, is disclosed. The formula comprises carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins and minerals and four (4) ribo-nucleotide equivalents at specific levels and ratios.

Abstract: A process for ameliorating the effects of tibial dyschondroplasia while maintaining weight gain in poultry is disclosed as are a supplemented poultry feed and a feed supplement concentrate. The process contemplates feeding the bird with a poultry feed that contains 35 to 350 micrograms of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol per kilogram of feed. The supplement feed is used in the above process, whereas a feed supplement concentrate comprises a comestible diluent containing about 0.05 to about 100 mg of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol per gram of concentrate.

Abstract: A health food product containing a first component in the form of a discrete portion from a second component provides enhanced in vivo oxidative defense indices and prevents or attenuates exercise-induced in vivo oxidative stress as indicated by cellular and/or tissue modification. The first component includes an antioxidant mixture containing a blend of antioxidants selected from all-trans beta-carotene, a mixture of cis beta-carotenes, all-trans alpha-carotene, a mixture of cis alpha-carotenes, all-trans lycopene, a mixture of cis lycopenes, all-trans gamma-carotene, a mixture of cis gamma-carotenes, zeta-carotene, phytofluene, phytoene, vitamin C, vitamin E and curcumin.

Abstract: A powdered beverage concentrate contains a source of calcium, vitamin D, a stabilizing gum such as gum arabic, and vegetable oil. A beverage can be made by reconstituting the beverage concentrate with water, fruit juice, or any other suitable liquid matrix.

Abstract: Vitamin augmented rice composites and methods include ground rice, vitamin, a binding agent, a cross-linking agent for setting the binding agent, an antioxidant, a moisture barrier agent and an aqueous agent. The binding agent is most preferably algin, the cross-linking agent is most preferably a calcium source, the vitamin is most preferably vitamin A, the antioxidant is most preferably vitamin E, the moisture barrier agent is most preferably lard, and the aqueous agent is most preferably water.

Abstract: An aqueous composition for the preparation of optically clear products for use in human or animal healthcare comprising 0.1 to 2.0% w/w of an oil-soluble ingredient as a 20-30% w/w dispersion in a suitable oil or 0.1 to 5.0% w/v as the pure crystalline compound, 2-20% of an emulsifier having an HLB (hydrophilic/lipophilic balance) value of between 10 and 18 or where a blend of emulsifiers is employed, a calculated HLB value of between 10 and 18 and 0.1 to 1.0% of an antioxidant or a mixture of antioxidants. Processes for preparation of the compositions and their use in the preparation of beverages are provided.

Abstract: A liquid beverage concentrate and a beverage containing the concentrate are aqueous matrices fortified with calcium and vitamin D. The water soluble vitamin D is kept in suspension by a gum and a vegetable oil. The beverage may be carbonated or non-carbonated.

Abstract: A confection includes a soft candy center containing from 5% to 40% by weight water. A first coating is applied to the candy center. A second coating is applied over the first coating. The second coating contains a vitamin, enzyme, phytochemical, or alimentary vegetable composition. The first coating seals moisture in the soft candy center to retard the biodegradation of the vitamin, enzyme, phytochemical or alimentary vegetable composition in the second coating.

Abstract: A mineral supplement with vitamins for ruminant animals, and a method for its preparation. Vitamin component granules are provided that contain one or more of Vitamin A, Vitamin D and Vitamin E, the majority of the granules being sized to pass a no. 31/2 U.S. Standard Sieve but not a no. 16 U.S. Standard Sieve, the granules having an irregular shape such that the size and shape of the granules substantially prevents them from separating from the mineral supplement. The granules are combined with a mineral mix of finely divided particles that are visibly smaller than the majority of the vitamin granules, the mineral mix containing one or more of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. The granules may be made by formulating pellets containing the vitamin component, dividing the pellets and retaining the desired size range of granules, and mixing the granules with a finely divided mineral mix.

Abstract: Fish oil is stored refrigerated under a nitrogen blanket until it is added to an enteral nutritional product during product manufacture. While the nutritional product is passing through a conduit the fish oil is added to the product at a uniform ratio such that the fish oil is evenly disbursed throughout the product, and thereafter the product is homogenized and heat treated.

Abstract: A complete food for dogs and cats contains dairy substances in a significant amount and meat or meat byproducts as well as meat substitutes. The milk solids derive from hydrolyzed fermented milk.

Abstract: Ruminant feedstuffs comprising at least one biologically active substance such as amino acids, salts of amino acids and vitamins which are dispersed in a protectant containing calcium salts of mixed fatty acids as a main component wherein the void ratio is 15% or less and the moisture content is 2% by weight or less are disclosed. The feedstuff preparations of the present invention have excellent rumen bypassing properties and excellent digestion and absorption properties in the abamasum and subsequent digestive organs in addition to the feedstuffs' excellent heat resistant stability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to non-absorbable, non-digestible fat compositions fortified with a water soluble carotenoid/cyclodextrin complex. The compositions are useful as fat substitutes in food and pharmaceutical compositions. The carotenoid is readily bioavailable and resists partitioning into the fat/fat-like phase.

Abstract: Improved nutritional formulations based on the total formulation calories, of about 40 to 90% of calories as carbohydrates, about 2 to 30% of calories as protein, about 0 to 35% of calories as fat, and about 0 to 17% of calories as fiber. The formulations may also contain 100% of U.S. RDA of vitamins and minerals. The formulations have a high acid (low pH) content (e.g., pH 3.5-3.9). The formulations may be carbonated or non-carbonated. The formulations are preferably used as an oral nutritional supplement providing about 1.0 calorie/ml.

Abstract: A method for enhancing .beta.-carotene absorption in animals and humans by administering a beverage comprising:(a) from about 0.05% to about 0.3% calcium;(b) at least 0.0004% of .beta.-carotene;(c) about 0.5% to about 60% sweetener;(d) at least 0.005% flavor; and(e) the remainder being water is disclosed. The beverage can contain vitamin C, A, B, D and E. The beverage must be essentially free of iron and metals which cause vitamin degradation. Preferably the beverage contains gums or thickeners.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for enhancement of phytate phosphorus utilization and treatment and prevention of tibial dyschondroplasia in animals, particularly poultry, by administering to animals a feed composition containing a hydroxylated vitamin D.sub.3 derivative. The vitamin D.sub.3 derivative is preferably administered to animals in feed containing reduced levels of calcium and phosphorus for enhancement of phytate phosphorus utilization. The vitamin D.sub.3 derivative is administered in combination with active phytase for further enhancement of phytate phosphorus utilization.

Abstract: Enteral nutritional composition comprising 4-30% lipid component, 65-80% carbohydrate component and 16-25% protein component, based on total caloric content, wherein said protein comprises by weight 14-30% glutamine and 5-33% arginine and said composition has a nonprotein calorie to grams of nitrogen ratio of 150:1 to 80:1.

Abstract: An improved enteral nutritional formula containing ribo-nucleotide equivalents (RNA, mono-, di- and triphosphate nucleotides, nucleosides and adjuncts such as activated sugars) at a level of at least 10 mg/100 Kcal (kilocalorie) of formula is disclosed. The formula comprises carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins and minerals and four (4) ribo-nucleotide equivalents at specific levels and ratios. The invention also discloses novel methods of production and analytical techniques. An infant formula containing cytidine nucleotide equivalents in the range of 29 to 39 mg/liter of formula, uridine nucleotide equivalents in the range of 15 to 20 mg/liter of formula, adenosine nucleotide equivalents in the range of 10 to 15 mg/liter of formula and guanosine nucleotide equivalents in the range of 14 to 20 mg/liter of formula provides a dietary formula that enhances the immune system and alleviates diarrhea.

Abstract: An oil-based vitamin A and Vitamin D preparation having a specific gravity greater than 1.0 used to fortify milk products. The preparation contains vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin D.sub.3 resin, ester gum and/or brominated vegetable oil, corn oil, polysorbate 80, and triglycerol monooleate. The preparation is added to the milk product any time during processing and remains dispersed in the milk phase during centrifugal separation. The preparation is concentrated, resists oxidation, and does not require refrigeration.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrophobic or aerophobic solids having a particle size not exceeding 10 .mu.m, which solids can be dispersed in water in the form of discrete microparticles. In the process the solids are milled in an aqueous medium in the presence of a hydrocolloid to obtain a suspension containing suspended particles having an average particle size not exceeding 10 .mu.m. The suspension is then finely divided and dried to form a powder.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for improving the stability of Vitamin D in liquid nutritional products which contain hydrolyzed protein or free amino acids as nitrogen sources. Vitamin C is added before or after a preliminary heat treatment of the liquid nutritional product and at a concentration exceeding 300 mg/l, such that the initial concentration of Vitamin C is at least 300 mg/l during the shelf-life of the liquid nutritional product. An emulsifier is added to the liquid nutritional product prior to preliminary heat treatment, the emulsifier being a diacetyltartaric acid ester of monoglycerides and diglycerides. Cystine is added following the preliminary heat treatment.

Abstract: An enteral nutritional composition comprising 4-30% of a lipid component, 65-80% of a carbohydrate component, and 16-25% of a protein component, based on total caloric content is disclosed. This protein component of this composition comprises, by weight, 14-30% glutamine and 5-33% arginine. The non-protein calorie to grams of nitrogen ratio ranges from 150:1 and 80:1.

Abstract: The invention provides a health drink composition comprising a hardly digestible saccharide and a carotenoid as essential ingredients and particularly the above drink composition containing 1-30 g/100 ml of the hardly digestible saccharide and 0.5-30 mg/100 ml of the carotenoid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to nutritional compositions at an acidic to mid pH containing a vitamin D ester, an amino acid source, a carbohydrate source and a certain amount of a lipid source. The compositions have improved vitamin D stability upon storage.

Abstract: A calcium ion containing composition comprising a water in oil emulsion having a dispersed aqueous phase and a continuous oil phase, which composition is orally administerable and palatable to cows without causing lesions of the stomach and which composition is effective in preventing milk fever, said composition further comprising a calcium salt which is dissolved in the aqueous phase to form a calcium ion containing aqueous phase solution, the calcium in the composition, calculated as free calcium ion, comprising 10 to 20 percent by weight of the composition, said composition further including from 0.5 to 10 percent oil soluble non-ionic emulsifier. The invention also includes the method of orally administering the composition to cows to treat milk fever.

Abstract: A method for improving the stability of Vitamin D in liquid nutritional products which contain hydrolyzed protein or free amino acids as a nitrogen source. Vitamin C is added to a liquid nutritional product at a concentration exceeding 300 mg/l, such that the concentration of Vitamin C is at least 300 mg/l during the shelf-life of the liquid nutritional product. Preferably the addition of Vitamin C occurs after the completion of preliminary heat treating of the liquid nutritional product. Alternatively, the addition of Vitamin C occurs prior to the preliminary heat treating of the liquid nutritional product. Preferably, an emulsifier is added to the liquid nutritional product prior to preliminary heat treating, with the emulsifier being a diacetyltartaric acid ester of monoglycerides and diglycerides; and cystine is added following the completion of preliminary heat treating.

Abstract: A process for fortifying an R-T-E cereal (especially puffed or shredded) with beta carotene is provided. By adding the heat labile beta carotene to a cooked cereal mass prior to piece forming and finish drying, a beta carotene fortified R-T-E cereal is obtained which surprisingly not only has not lost significant vitamin activity, but even more surprisingly exhibits superior vitamin stability upon storage than when equivalent amounts are applied topically to the cereal.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for enhancement of phytate phosphorus utilization and treatment and prevention of tibial dyschondroplasia in animals, particularly poultry, by administering to animals a feed composition containing a hydroxylated vitamin D.sub.3 derivative. The vitamin D.sub.3 derivative is preferably administered to animals in feed containing reduced levels of calcium and phosphorus for enhancement of phytate phosphorus utilization. The vitamin D.sub.

Abstract: A novel process for producing powdered carotenoid preparations, in which a suspension of a carotenoid in a high-boiling oil is brought into contact with superheated steam during a maximum period of 30 seconds, and subsequently emulsified the liquified solution of said carotenoid in oil produced by said contact with superheated steam in an aqueous solution of a colloid and then spraying and drying said emulsion to a powder.

Abstract: An improved method of preserving the flavor in a food product, such as a low calorie food bar, is characterized by stabilizing the flavoring by plating the flavoring on synthetic amorphous silica. An improved flavoring system for a food product contains aspertame and/or proteinaceous material in combination with a flavoring plated on synthetic amorphous silica.

Abstract: A hypercaloric formula providing nutritional support for human infants having chronic lung disease, said formula having a caloric density of at least 800 kcalories per liter of formula and wherein not less than 56% of the total calories in said formula is derived from fat; not more than 15% of total calories is derived from a high quality protein source; and from about 20-27% of total calories is from a carbohydrate source; said formula having a calcium to phosphorous ratio in the range of 1.4 to 2.2, and having an m-inositol concentration of at least 50 milligrams per liter of formula.

Abstract: This invention provides for a cereal composition, particularly in a ready-to-eat cereal, that contains beta-carotene (BC) in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 0.02% based on the dry weight of the cereal composition. The beta-carotene may be incorporated in the form of water insoluble beadlets or may be added in a soluble form with a sweetening agent during manufacture of the composition. The cereal composition containing BC retains good stability, and normal color, flavor and aroma characteristics as compared with analogous cereal compositions without beta-carotene.

Abstract: The present invention deals with stabilizing triglyceride oils of high oleic content through the use of tocopherol. This combination of the high oleic oil and the tocopherol results in a surprisingly stable composition for use in deep frying.