Abstract: A process for forming a diffusion aluminide coating on an article, such as a component for a gas turbine engine. The process is a vapor phase process that generally entails placing the article in a coating chamber containing an aluminum donor material, without any halide carrier or inert filler present. The aluminum donor material consists essentially of about 20 to about 70 weight percent aluminum, with the balance being chromium or cobalt. While the article is held out of contact with the donor material, coating is initiated in an inert or reducing atmosphere by heating the article and the donor material to vaporize the aluminum constituent of the donor material, which then condenses on the surface of the article and diffuses into the surface to form a diffusion aluminide coating on the article.

Abstract: A method of strengthening threads holding an article, such as a button, onto a fabric substrate by applying a bonding solution onto a damaged thread bundle holding the article onto the substrate; ensuring penetration of the bonding solution such that the bonding solution coats all thread strands of the damaged thread bundle from top to bottom including thread strands sewn into the fabric substrate to thereby form a coated thread bundle; and curing the coated thread bundle to form an aggregate stem which is stronger than the original thread bundle and more securely holds the article onto the fabric substrate. The properties of the bonding solution to perform in the manner stated require that it be a low-VOC, water-based urethane, water-based acrylic, or water-based urethane-acrylic being a single-component, non-catalyzed, solution further having non-ambering and heat- and water-resistant qualities after curing.

Abstract: A hand spreadable urethane surface coating product for covering and filling imperfections in an existing surface of a fixture designed for washing includes a first non-aqueous liquid composition of at least on aliphatic urethane resin prepolymer and a second liquid composition of a cross-linking agent for the prepolymer, which when mixed and poured onto a clean and dry surface of a fixture, and gently hand-applied with a cloth to the surface, forms a glossy, durable surface resembling the original surface when new.

Abstract: To provide a method for repairing a coated surface of a vehicle, using an ultraviolet curing resin having excellent quick-drying property, and giving a good finish in a shortened working time, a method for repairing the damage on a coated surface of a vehicle being a depression and/or a depletion of a coating film, which is characterized by comprising the following steps a) to c): a) filling a putty raw material comprising an ultraviolet polymerizing resin composition in an optionally pretreated damage portion and ultraviolet curing the putty raw material to fill the damaged portion with the putty; b) uniformly spray coating, on the coated surface including at least the putty-covered surface after the step a), a primer surfacer raw material comprising an ultraviolet polymerizing resin composition having a viscosity sufficient for spray coating and ultraviolet curing the obtained raw material coating film to form a primer surfacer layer; and c) applying a top coat on the primer surfacer layer obtained in b)

Abstract: A method for coating laminate and composite wood products with a polymer coating. The method includes providing a wood substrate consisting of an engineered or composite wood product, applying a flowable but thixotropic polymer coating material to the surface of the substrate, distributing the polymer coating material evenly across the surface of the wood substrate to create a continuous smooth surface, and allowing the polymer coating material to bond to the surface of the wood substrate to form a hard smooth surface over the wood substrate surface.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a repair coating process, which does not require heating the coating film coated to repair the part, from which dust, seediness etc.

Abstract: A process for reclaiming aluminum alloy donor from a vapor phase deposition process used to form a diffusion aluminide coating on a component, such as the high-temperature superalloy components of gas turbine engines. The process generally entails recycling a particulate aluminum alloy donor material that, as a result of having been used as the donor material for depositing a diffusion aluminide coating on an article by vapor phase deposition, particles of the donor material comprise an aluminum alloy core encased in an aluminum-depleted shell. The process generally entails tumbling the donor material in a manner that removes the aluminum-depleted shell, followed by sieving the donor material to remove shell fragments and undersized particles.

Abstract: A product and method of restoring a defaced or scratched window using a polyurethane film applied prior or subsequent to the damage to the window. The polyurethane fills in the scratches to the window and restores optical clarity. The polyurethane may be an aliphatic polyester polyurethane or aliphatic acrylic polyurethane. A further method is described which provides a protective coating to a window including a polyurethane film applied before the window is defaced. The film may be removed and reapplied easily to provide restored optical clarity.

Abstract: An expansion joint patch apparatus for repairing failed or torn expansion joint belting having a substantially flat, woven substrate material, and a cured solution of suspended elastomer, coating the substrate material. The substrate material is selected from the group consisting of aramid, fiberglass, corrosion resistant alloy wire, polyester, ceramic and kevlar fabrics. The elastomer material is selected from the group consisting of chloroprene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, ethylene propylene, chloronated isobutylene isoprene, fluoroelastomers and silicone rubbers. The invention further includes a method for forming a fluoroelastomer patch for repairing fabric expansion joints.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a repair coating process, the repair coating process consists of grinding the part of an intermediate coating surface to be repaired and then performing a repair coating of the ground part with a thermocurable organic solvent type repair paint (F) containing a neutralized product of a hydroxyl group-containing resin having an acid value of 5-100 mgKOH/g and a crosslinking agent in forming multilayer coating films by coating an electro-deposition paint (A) and an intermediate paint (B) and curing them by heating, then, after performing a repair coating on the intermediate coating surface, successively coating wet-on-wet a white type water base coat (C) a pearly base coat (D) and a clear coat (E), and then curing by crosslinking the films of the above-mentioned coats (C), (D) and (E) simultaneously through heating.

Abstract: A reactor furnace, in which a plurality of silicon nitride film forming processes have been performed to produce a desired thin film, is changed in temperature from its film-forming temperature to another one lower than the film-forming temperature before an unnecessary silicon nitride film cracks of itself in the reactor furnace, so that the unnecessary silicon nitride film is intentionally subjected to stress and cracked, whereby the unnecessary thin film is relieved from stress. After that, the thus cracked film is covered with another silicon nitride film serving as a repair film, to prevent the unnecessary thin film from producing contaminant particles in forming the desired thin film.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and composition for cosmetically repairing a surface void in polyolefin objects. The method involves inserting a repair composition into the void and then applying heat thereto to fuse the repair composition with a surrounding portion of the polyolefin object. The repair composition is a physical mixture of a thermoplastic powder, a resin binder, and a solvent, having a paste-like consistency. The repair composition may be neutral in color, or may contain a colorant to closely match the underlying object. The heating step can be performed with an open flame or with a heat gun.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for repair coating characterized by applying an epoxy-polyamine resin base coating composition comprising an epoxy resin having at least one epoxy resin in a molecule and an amine base curing agent as resinous components on a deteriorated coating film which is selected from a tar epoxy resin coating film, a tar urethane resin coating film, a modified epoxy resin coating film, a modified urethane resin coating film, an epoxy-polyamine resin coating film and an epoxy urethane resin coating film and which has a water content of 0.3 to 5% by weight.

Abstract: A method for restoring a protective coating including a metallic environmental resistant coating of a coating total thickness within a coating design thickness range on a metal substrate of an article includes the application of a replacement material to at least one discrete local surface area on which an undesirable amount of degradation has occurred. Such degradation can extend through the protective coating into the metal substrate. The degradation product can include at least one of oxidation, coating rumpling, and coating voiding, for example, rumpling or voiding of a bond coat under a ceramic thermal barrier coating (TBC). The degradation product first is conditioned at the discrete local area to expose an underlying portion while retaining at least a portion of the metallic environmental coating on surface areas adjacent the discrete surface area. Then a replacement metallic environmental resistant material is applied, retaining the coating total thickness within the coating design thickness range.

Abstract: A machine tool or die that is fabricated from thermally spray-formed steel is easily repaired by cleaning, roughing and covering the surface to be repaired by a cold-spray layer of metal and then forming a weldment by conventional electric welding processes. The repaired surface is then finished by conventional machining, grinding and polishing and then the tool is put back into service.

Abstract: A method of repairing a damaged area of a thermal barrier coating on a component which is subjected to a hostile thermal environment, which comprises cleaning the damaged area, applying a partially stabilized zirconium sol-gel to the area, and pyrolizing the sol-gel to form a TBC repair layer.

Abstract: A more controllable acoustic ceiling patch or textured material in the form of a sprayable composition includes a base, a filler, an adhesive binder, an anti-foaming agent, a suspension agent, and rubber particulates or polyethylene particulates forming an aggregate suitable for spraying in the presence of volatile organic compound (VOC) propellants without melting or deterioration. The more controllable acoustic ceiling patch is storable and dispensable from a pressurized dispenser having a delivery nozzle. An aerosol system with a spray nozzle is included on the container for selective discharge of the textured material onto a prepared patch area, which may be on a drywall or support panel so as to match and blend with the surrounding acoustic ceiling surface area in order to provide a continuous and unbroken coextensive surface texture of mechanically and visually matched material.

Abstract: A method provides for small-surface and cost-saving repair of a damaged spot or a defective paint spot on a new paint coat of a motor vehicle. The damaged spot is cleaned and, without being ground out, is laid out carefully and with a slight excess with a filler mass whose shade approaches that of the respective paint coat. Thereby, the undamaged paint surface directly next to the damaged spot remains free of filler mass. After the drying of the filler mass, the excess of the laid-out damage spot is levelled off. After the cleaning of the levelled-off damage spot, a paint is applied to the spot in a small-surface and thin manner which in its color corresponds to the finish paint coat. The spraying nozzle is radially guided centrifugally away from the damage spot. After a ventilating or drying of the applied tinted paint, a solvent-containing transparent coat is applied to the repaired spot also on a small surface.

Abstract: A method of removing a thermal barrier coating from cooling holes in the surface of a component designed for use in a hostile thermal environment, such as the turbine, combustor and augmentor sections of a gas turbine engine. The method is particularly suited for completely removing a thermal insulating ceramic layer of a thermal barrier coating system that includes a metallic bond coat, such as a diffusion aluminide or MCrAlY coating, that bonds the ceramic layer to the component surface. Processing steps generally include removing the ceramic layer from the component surface surrounding the cooling hole, followed by removing that portion of the ceramic layer within the cooling hole by immersing the component in a liquid and then directing ultrasonic energy into the cooling hole.

Abstract: A process for coating a thermoplastic substrate which comprises applying a solvent based coating composition to the substrate and curing the coating composition at ambient temperature to 125° C. to form a uniform smooth film on the substrate; wherein the coating composition contains about 45-80% by weight of a film forming binder and 20-55% by weight of an organic liquid carrier; wherein the binder contains (A) 40-90% by weight, based on the weight of the binder, of a polymer selected from the following: acrylic polyol, polyester polyol, polyether polyol or a polyurethane polyol; and (B) 10-60% by weight, based on the weight of the binder, of an organic polyisocyanate crosslinking agent; and wherein the organic liquid carrier used in the coating composition comprises at least 50% by weight, based on the weight of the organic liquid carrier used in the coating composition, of tertiary butyl acetate; the process of this invention also can be used to apply lacquers, i.e.

Abstract: A thermoplastic compound useful in filling pores and voids in wooden materials, particularly edge regions, wherein the thermoplastic compound comprises a blend of two copolyesters and optionally fillers, wherein the first copolyester has a melting point of 140° C. to 260° C. and a glass transition temperature of −10° C. to 80° C., and wherein the second copolyester has a melting point of 120° C. to 190° C. and a glass transition temperature of −70° C. to 10° C. Also, a method of filling pores in a wooden material comprising using a thermoplastic compound having a softening point of 140° C. to 200° C., an open time of 2 to 15 seconds, and a viscosity number of 30 to 150 ml/g, with the thermoplastic compound preferably being a blend of two different copolyesters, wherein the application of such thermoplastic compounds enable the surfaces of chipboard panels and the like to be smoothed in a continuous one-pass process.

Abstract: Silica-based refractories are impregnated with protective material that is more resistant towards attack by corrosive species. The protective material coats the surface of the refractory matrix and fills some of the cavity volume of its pores, crevices, surfaces imperfections and irregularities. The protective material is positioned by impregnating the refractory with a precursor which, under the input of energy, is converted into the corrosion resistant protective material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for eliminating blemishes in the outer surface of a plastic member of a particular color and wherein such blemishes are removed by using an applicator device provided with a one-component, water-borne material of the same color and having a fibrous tip which is capable of being saturated with the water-borne material.

Abstract: A composition that can adhere to a substrate in an environment of hot water and soap includes: a. epoxy resin in an amount ranging from about 25.0 to about 60.0 parts by weight; b. acrylic resin in an amount ranging from about 5.00 to about 50.0 parts by weight; c. amine in an amount ranging from about 30.0 to about 45.0 parts by weight, wherein the amine is effective to crosslink the epoxy resin; and d. silane in an amount ranging from greater than 0 to about 10.0 parts by weight. Solvent may also be present in an amount ranging from 0 to 70.0% by weight based upon the total weight of the composition. The coating is applied to a substrate, such as those which have low surface tension and to which bonding is difficult. The substrate may be fastened to a construction material disposed in a sink, tub or shower area. The coating on at least a portion of the substrate is subjected to the environment of hot water and soap and adheres to the substrate despite exposure to the environment.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for repairing a coating defect. The apparatus includes a utility disk holder being mounted to a frame. The rotary disk contains a plurality of toolholes with a plurality of corresponding notches. A plurality of tools can be removeably secured to the plurality of toolholes. Each tool can be rotatably used to cure the coating defect.

Abstract: A method is provided for after-treating fabric with a fluoroacrylate emulsion by immersion, typically under poorly-controlled conditions (e.g. field conditions), and a second embodiment of this method is provided for treating large, previously manufactured items comprising fabric (e.g. upholstered furniture, tents, awnings, and the like) with an aerosol spray containing micrometer or submicrometer-sized droplets of a diluted version of the fluoroacrylate emulsion. In both embodiments, the fluoroacrylate emulsion contains, dispersed therein with the aid of a surfactant system containing an amphoteric surfactant, essentially a single particulate fluoroacrylate copolymer having repeating units of the formulas I and II ##STR1## wherein R.sub.f is a fluorinated alkyl radical; R and R.sup.1 are hydrogen or alkyl; and R.sup.2 is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. The aqueous dispersion further contains, in addition to the surfactant system, a minor amount of polar organic liquid.

Abstract: A method is provided for applying a two-part RTV silicone tie coat directly onto damaged foul release coating area on a metallic substrate to enable restoration procedures. The direct application onto aged epoxy or silicone surface of an effective amount of an aminoalkyltrialkoxysilane, such as .gamma.-aminopropyltrimethoxy-silane, in a two-part RTV silicone tie coat, has been found to provide cohesive failure results with directly applied two-part RTV silicone top coat. A treated metallic substrate is obtained thereby.

Abstract: The description relates to a process for producing a multi-layer correcting and/or marking material. In said process, a film is applied to a substrate which can be released therefrom and in particular contains a dye and/or pigment. A further layer containing an adhesive is then applied over the film thus obtained. The removable film is applied in the form of an aqueous suspension containing a brittle and a film-forming binder. The process makes it possible to dispense with organic solvents. A correcting or marking agent thus produced exhibits good tear-off properties.

Abstract: A spacing tool to be inserted between a form and a foundry furnace during installation of the form in the foundry furnace comprises a first longitudinally extending member to contact the foundry furnace. A second longitudinally extending member is coupled to the first member. The first and second members define opposed surfaces to contact the form and foundry furnace respectively. The second member is moveable relative to the first member to alter the distance between the opposed surfaces and set the spacing between the form and the foundry furnace. During a foundry furnace relining process, a plurality of spacing tools are used at circumferentially spaced locations to center the form within the foundry furnace.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a color filter manufacturing method in which an abnormality in a head is quickly detected to reduce the quantity of defective products. In order to achieve this object, there is provided a color filter manufacturing method of coloring each pixel of a color filter by discharging an ink onto a substrate using an ink-jet head, thereby manufacturing a color filter, including performing detection of a discharge failure in the ink-jet head before coloring of at least a first pixel in an effective pixel portion serving as a color filter.

Abstract: A process for producing a metallic protective layer whereby a metal-containing plating, cladding, paint or other coating is applied to at least a portion of a reactor system and then contacted with a gaseous stream containing hydrocarbons, such as impure hydrogen, thereby producing a continuous and adherent metallic protective layer. The gaseous stream preferably comprises hydrogen, which may be recycled. A preferred embodiment of the invention is directed to touch-up procedures where a portion of an already protected reactor system is replaced or rewelded and the protective layer is formed as the replaced portion is brought on-stream.

Abstract: A process is claimed for producing a multilayer coating on a substrate surface, in which(A) an aqueous coating composition comprising as film-forming agent an aqueous polymer dispersion is applied as basecoat composition to a substrate surface coated with a customary primer surfacer,(B) a suitable transparent topcoat composition is applied to the basecoat thus obtained, and(C) the basecoat is baked together with the topcoat,wherein the basecoat composition comprises an aqueous polymer dispersion comprising(i) an acrylate polymer based on from 30 to 60% by weight of C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl (meth)acrylate monomers, from 30 to 60% by weight of vinyl-aromatic monomers and from 0.5 to 10% by weight of (meth)acrylic acid, and(ii) a thickener, which does not have an associative action, comprising an acrylate copolymer based on (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkyl (meth)acrylate and (meth)acrylic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of introducing enhanced biofouling release properties to intact biofouling release coatings by exposing the surface of the biofouling release coating to a restorative compound for a time sufficient to effect enhancement of biofouling release properties. Also disclosed are kits useful in carrying out these processes.

Abstract: A method for priming an uneven surface of a blank uses a novel "thermally expansible spray putty". This spray putty is prepared by mixing a priming paint for the blank with thermally expansible micro-capsules in amount of 0.5 to 10 weight % of the solid matter of the priming paint. The thermally expansible spray putty is preferably conditioned with an exclusive thinner to a high viscous state enabling it to be air-sprayed. Shell walls of the micro-capsules soften at a temperature below the setting temperature of a thermosetting paint to be used in finish painting of the blank. After the blank being treated by degreasing, drying and the like, the uneven surface of the blank is coated with the thermally expansible spray putty by spraying. After suitably setting the coated spray putty, it is dried by heating so as to expand the micro-capsules to obtain a substantially smooth surface of the blank.

Abstract: This invention presents novel membrane laminate structures useful for osmotic distillation, and methods for their preparation.

Abstract: A method of repairing polyethylene fuel containment sumps used in underground storage systems in gasoline and diesel service stations without "welding" the polyethylene, using suitable surface preparation, priming of the affected area, and sealing with a two part rubber compound.

Abstract: A process for applying a coating to a floor surface and curing that coating after application includes the steps of first spreading a photochemically curable liquid coating in a thickness of from about 0.003 to about 0.006 inches on a floor surface. After the coating has been applied, it is exposed to ultraviolet radiation at a power level of about 40 watts per inch of width of coating being cured and at two different sequentially applied wavelengths. This cures the liquid coating instantly to a durable solid coating. The first applied ultraviolet radiation may have the wavelength of about 365 nm and the second applied ultraviolet radiation may have a wavelength of about 254 nm. The ultraviolet radiation is provided by an array of UV lights on a mobile, self-powered vehicle which moves over the floor coating at a speed in the range of 20 to 40 feet per minute.

Abstract: A description is given of a process for preparing a multilayer coating on a substrate surface, in which(A) an aqueous coating composition (ii) containing as film-forming agent an aqueous polymer dispersion is applied as basecoat (II) to a substrate surface coated with an aqueous basecoat (i),(B) the composition applied in step (A) is subjected to partial drying,(C) an appropriate transparent topcoat composition is applied to the basecoat (II) thus obtained, and(D) the basecoats (I) and (II) are baked together with the topcoat,wherein the basecoat composition (II) contains an aqueous polymer dispersion comprising(x) an acrylate polymer based on from 30 to 60% by weight of C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl (meth)acrylate monomers, from 30 to 60% by weight of vinyl-aromatic monomers and from 0.5 to 10% by weight of (meth)acrylic acid, and(y) a thickener, which does not have an associative effect, containing an acrylate copolymer based on (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkyl (meth)acrylate and (meth)acrylic acid.

Abstract: A repair method for repairing a floor, the floor consisting of a cover stratum and a base stratum, the cover stratum having an upper surface and a lower surface, the base stratum having an upper surface, the lower surface of the cover stratum being fixedly attached to the upper surface of the base stratum, the cover stratum having a damaged area, the damaged area consisting of an aperture having an upper and a lower end, the aperture extending from the upper surface of the cover stratum to the lower surface of the cover stratum, the repair method comprising the steps of painting a section of the upper surface of the base stratum, the section painted spanning across the lower end of the aperture; pouring filler into the aperture; and, pouring adhesive into the filler.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for repairing black dot defects connected to a circuit pattern in photomasks such as a photomask having a patterned chromium film on a glass substrate comprises using an energy source in the form of an energy beam to first sever the connected black dot defect from the chrome pattern forming a space between the defect and the chrome pattern. The remaining severed black dot defect is then removed using the same or different energy beam to remove the remainder of the chrome defect. An apparatus for removing black dot defects and photomasks produced by the method and apparatus of the invention are also provided.

Abstract: A method for repairing a locally damaged, dented surface of a wall, whereby the surface is provided with a relief, as well as a wall comprising a locally repaired surface, which has been repaired by using the method below. A mould comprising an impression of the relief of an undamaged part of the surface is made, the dented surface is filled with a filler, after which the impression on the mould is pressed into the filling material, as a result of which a relief corresponding with the original relief is formed in the filling material.

Abstract: The present invention protects from excessive heating at least one component on an object during curing of paint at a localized area on the object by exposure to a heat source. The present invention circulates air including cold air near the at least one component to be protected. An air pocket is formed adjacent the at least one component to be protected. This air pocket has an inlet and an outlet. A cold air source is coupled to the inlet via a tubing that directs cold air from the cold air source into the air pocket. Heated air within the air pocket flows out through the outlet of the air pocket such that air circulates through the air pocket. In this manner, the temperature of the at least one component to be protected is maintained below a predetermined temperature when the localized area of the object is exposed to the heat source for curing of the paint at the localized area.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for repairing small paint defects in powder paint coats. In the process, the paint defect is hollowed out, a filler body, which is adapted to the recess with respect to shape and/or volume, is placed in the recess, the filler body is connected with the powder paint coat surrounding the recess and hardened. In order to improve the quality of this repair, after inserting the filler body, pressure is exercised on the filler body at least at the start of the connecting and/or at least at the start of the hardening.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for reinforcing a structure comprising the steps of forming a primer layer on the surface of a structure to be reinforced; forming if necessary a putty layer on the primer layer; applying an impregnating resin on the formed primer layer provided that the putty layer in case where the putty layer is formed on the primer layer, before, after or before and after cladding with the fiber sheets, to allow the resin to penetrate into the spaces in the fiber sheets; and curing the resin,the said primer, putty and impregnating resin comprising a resin composition which can cure at a temperature not more than 5.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention is a method for repairing a protectively coated, locally damaged turbomachinery vane without removing the vane from its parent turbomachinery module. The method includes applying a diffusible coating precursor to the damaged region of the vane and diffusing the coating precursor into the vane in the presence of a nonreactive atmosphere. The nonreactive atmosphere is confined to a chamber that contains the damaged vane, the chamber being bounded in part by the turbomachinery module itself. A conventional stress relief machine is used to heat only the damaged region of the vane to a temperature sufficient to promote diffusion of the precursor into the vane. The method uses equipment and supplies that are routinely available or easily fabricated from common, inexpensive materials. Use of the method avoids the expense and delay of removing the vane from its parent module.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for encapsulating lead paint on a surface comprises the steps of applying a glass mesh to the surface containing the lead paint and applying an encapsulating mixture in a continuous layer over the glass mesh and to the encapsulated lead paint surface. The invention completely seals and encapsulates the lead paint and has significant structural integrity to prevent exposure to lead paint.

Abstract: A process for repairing relatively small paint faults in powder coating layers, in which, in the region of the faulty point, a cutout is introduced into the powder coating layer with precisely defined dimensions with respect to its area and also with respect to its depth. A filler made of powder coating and/or a pre-product of the powder coating is introduced into the cutout. The filler is dimensioned to correspond to the volume of the cutout, in particular corresponding to the dimensions of the cutout, and is coherent. The filler introduced is joined, in particular bonded, to the powder coating layer arranged outside the cutout.

Abstract: An applicator for temporarily masking stains on clothing includes a canister having an chamber for containing fluid, a water based, stain masking solution disposed within the chamber of the canister, and a brush or a spray head applying the stain masking solution from the chamber of the canister on a stain requiring masking. The stain masking solution covers the stain so that the stain is substantially concealed. The canister has an elongate annular wall having an open end at one end thereof, and an end wall closing the other end of the annular wall. Preferably, the stain masking solution consists of: resin--approximately 10.0 percent by weight; isopropanol--approximately 15.0 percent by weight; water--approximately 55.0 percent by weight; titanium dioxide--approximately 15.0 percent by weight; and ammonia--approximately 5.0 percent by weight.

Abstract: Methods of treating wafers for analyzing defects present therein comprise providing wafers having front side surfaces comprising defective portions and a back side surfaces opposite thereto; and decorating the defective portion of the front side of the wafer with copper.

Abstract: A method for repairing scratches, dings, gouges or other minor imperfections in finishes applied by flame spraying, fluidized bed, hot flocking, electrostatic spray or electrostatic fluidized bed, which comprises dissolving a coating material in a suitable solvent, applying the resulting solution to a selected area, evaporating the solvent, and, optionally, curing the coating material.