Abstract: A process for producing a coating on a refractory structural member, in which a noble metal alloy is applied as a coating material to the refractory structural member. The noble metal alloy contains, among other constituents, an oxidizable substance, which includes boron and/or phosphorus and/or antimony and/or arsenic. The refractory structural member and the coating are heated at least once in an oxygen-containing atmosphere to a temperature T that is greater than or equal to the liquidus temperature TL of the noble metal alloy The oxidizable substance is oxidized during this heating process, and the oxide that has formed is at least partially vaporized. The temperature T is maintained until the proportion of oxidizable substance in the coating is <0.1 atomic percent, and the coated refractory structural member is then cooled.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a means for the surface preparation of a metal or metal alloy substrate. In the process of the present invention, a stream of a mixture of flux particles and metal particles is hurled at the substrate at velocities effective for flux adhesion to the surface. The velocities of the particle stream is adjusted so that the flux particles adhere to the surface and the metal particles bounce off the surface. At higher temperatures and velocities, the metal particles are co-deposited with the flux.

Abstract: Provided is a ceramic coated product and a coating for it, making it possible to improve corrosion resistance, wear resistance and the like of a material to be treated, and heighten aesthetically commercial value by a thin film forming or producing method using low-priced equipment. An ejection powder and a reactive ejecting gas are ejected onto a surface of a material to be treated comprising a metal product, a ceramic, or a mixture thereof. The ejection powder is heated on the surface of the material to be treated and then is reacted with the reactive ejecting gas. The resultant product is activation-adsorbed onto the surface of the material to be treated and caused to diffuse and penetrate thereinto. Thus, a layer made of a nitride or other compounds is formed.

Abstract: Provided is a process of producing an adherent synthetic corrosion product (sludge) coating on metallic surfaces. The method involves a chemical reaction between a dry solid powder mixture of at least one reactive metal oxide with orthophosphoric acid to produce a coating in which the particles are bound together and the matrix is adherent to the metallic surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing on a flexible film reflecting images which can be hot-transferred to a plurality of different materials, the method comprising a first processing step in which a polyester film is processed by a thermoplastic resin in a aromatic solution, a second processing step in which on the film are deposited a plurality of glass beads, in an adjoining relationship, a resin priming processing step for allowing the glass beads to be properly retained in place, a processing step of using a vinylchloride-vinylacetate-aromatic solvent solution with an addition of a metal powder having high mirror-like properties in order to allow the glass beads to refract the light, and a color printing step for printing any desired colors on desired regions, as well as a further leveling processing step for the images, and a final processing step of using a thermo-transfering solution in order to allow the printed images to be transferred under temperature and pressure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for depositing powder particles on a substrate. The method comprises forming a planar plasma armature, accelerating the plasma armature, accelerating a column of gas with the plasma armature; and accelerating the powder particles with the column of gas. The present invention provides for a railgun, comprising first and second conducting rails, and first and second insulating rails. The insulating and conducting rails form a bore of the railgun. The first and second conducting rails are separated by the insulating rails. At least one of the rails has a port in the wall thereof, the port is adapted to introducing powder particles into the bore.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of producing an oxidation-resistant metallic part which exhibits oxidation resistance even in an oxidation atmosphere. The method includes the step of applying mechanical energy to a surface of a metallic part in the presence of particulates, and forming a protective coating in a surface of the metallic part. When the metallic part thus treated is exposed in a high temperature-oxidation atmosphere, the protective coating is oxidized to restrain the proceeding of the oxidation of the metallic part, that is the internally proceeding formation of TiO2, thus serving a remarkable improvement of the oxidation resistance.

Abstract: Improved assembly and methods for manufacturing a three-dimensional object are described. The assembly includes a crucible for holding molten metal, an orifice disposed in the bottom of the crucible through which a jet of molten metal can flow towards a movable substrate, and a mechanically oscillating member immersed in the molten metal for controlling the flow of molten metal through the orifice and for breaking the flow of molten metal into the sequence of molten metal drops. As the drops land on the movable substrate, a three-dimensional object is built up. Continuously variable diameter or controllable planar jets may be used as the orifices. In forming drops from the output of a planar jet, the jet is first broken up by the oscillating member into horizontal cylindrical ligaments and the ligaments are then broken up into drops by acoustic energy applied by audio loudspeakers adjacent the falling ligaments. The assembly and methods are useful in the fields of rapid prototyping and materials processing.

Abstract: Method for forming metallic coat where, the surface of workpiece is partly covered with a masking material having a predetermined pattern, and metallic powders are ejected to the surface at the ejection velocity of 80 m/sec or higher or at the ejection pressure of 0.3 Mpa or higher by utilizing an ejection apparatus such as blast work apparatus, in order to easily attain the metallic coat having high adhesion strength without washing process, nor heat process by a relatively simple facility.

Abstract: Process for the at least partial direct coating of an extensible backing material with a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition, the backing material being guided by a transporting apparatus against a coating apparatus in such a way that the coating apparatus applies the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition to the backing material, characterized in that the coating apparatus is abhesively treated.

Abstract: A silver-plated laminated body which is highly durable and can easily be manufactured has an undercoat layer, a silver-plated layer, a lower topcoat layer, and an upper topcoat layer which are successively disposed in the order named on a base of plastics. The undercoat layer comprises a coating film which is mainly made of an alkyd resin that is free of a catalyst. The silver-plated layer is formed by a silver mirror reaction. The lower topcoat layer comprises a coating film which is mainly made of polyester polyol. The upper topcoat layer comprises a coating film which is mainly made of polyester polyol containing a di-isocyanate compound as a hardener. The lower topcoat layer contains a colorant.

Abstract: Materials in bulk and film forms are prepared from fine particulate precursors such as single-phase, mixed-metal oxides; multi-phase, mixed-metal particles comprising a metal oxide; multinary metal particles; mixtures of such particles with other particles; and particulate materials intercalated with other materials.

Abstract: A roughened bond coat comprises a screen that includes interwoven wires defining openings and a metallic material disposed on the screen. The screen and metallic material form a roughened bond coat possessing an uneven, undulated, and irregular surface. The metallic material may be one of a slurry and a powder, and applied by coating and spraying, respectively. A thermal barrier coating system, which is formed with and incorporates the roughened bond coat, exhibits greater adhesion of a thermal barrier coating and bond coat due to an increased interfacial surface area provided by the uneven, undulated, and irregular surface.

Abstract: A method for depositing a metal having a high corrosion resistance and a low contact resistance against carbon to a separator for a fuel cell enabling provision of an inexpensive separator for a fuel cell by depositing a metal having a high corrosion resistance and a low contact resistance against carbon to the surface of a metal conveniently by simple equipment while using as a preform a metal such as stainless steel or aluminum as a material having a high productivity and low price and in addition capable of reducing the weight by making the sheet thickness thin, comprising projecting to a separator of a unit cell for forming the fuel cell a solid plating material comprised of core particles having a higher hardness than the separator and coated with a metal having a high corrosion resistance and a low contact resistance against carbon so as to compulsorily deposit the metal coated on this solid plating material to the separator.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of producing an oxidation-resistant metallic part which exhibits sufficiently good oxidation resistance even in an oxidation atmosphere. The method includes the step of applying mechanical energy to a surface of a metallic part in the presence of particulates, and forming a protective coating in a surface of the metallic part. When the metallic part thus treated is exposed in a high temperature-oxidation atmosphere, the protective coating is oxidized to restrain the proceeding of the oxidation of the metallic part, that is the internally proceeding formation of TiO 2, thus serving a remarkable improvement of the oxidation resistance.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for treating ceramic materials, including oxide ceramic materials such as zirconia, with a treatment agent comprising a metallic material, such as titanium, by contacting a surface of the ceramic material with the treatment agent and heating the assembly to a temperature at which the ceramic material incorporates a portion of the metallic material by diffusion. The treated ceramic material is uniformly darkened and exhibits improved structural and physical properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stabilized bimetal catalyst comprising an electrically conductive support and a metallic deposited coating consisting of a first metal M1 chosen from platinum and silver and a second metal M2, different from the first and chosen from the group consisting of platinum, silver, gold, ruthenium, iridium, rhodium and osmium. The invention also relates to a process for obtaining such a catalyst.

Abstract: A gas feed system for detonation gun apparatus having a labyrinth shaped gas path. The labyrinth is positioned between the fuel and oxygen supply and the combustion chamber of a detonation gun. The labyrinth allows the fuel and oxygen supply to flow into the combustion and precludes and migration of the detonation wave front into the fuel supply by destroying that portion of the detonation wave front that enters the labyrinth. The labyrinth gas feed system increases safety, reliability and productivity of the detonation coating process.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a battery can-forming material, comprising the steps of spreading metal powder on a hot-rolled steel plate (hot coil) or applying said metal powder in the form of paste to a surface thereof; annealing and then rolling the hot-rolled steel plate having the metal powder applied to the surface thereof to form a metal layer consisting of the metal powder on the surface thereof; cold-rolling the hot-rolled steel plate and the metal layer; annealing the hot-rolled steel plate and the metal layer; and rolling the hot-rolled steel plate and the metal layer by a skin pass roller. Instead of forming the metal layer of the metal powder, the metal powder may be plated on the surface of the hot-rolled steel plate.

Abstract: An energy bleed apparatus and method for a detonation gun apparatus utilizing bleed apertures to remove reflected energy from interfering with the detonation wave front. The energy bleed system is positioned in the downstream portion of the combustion chamber of the detonation gun. The bleed apertures extract energy from the combustion chamber that would otherwise be reflected off the combustion chamber walls and collide with the detonation wave front, thereby permitting a maximum amount of energy to be transferred directly to the coating powder being applied. The increase in energy translates into better quality coatings and an associated increase in productivity of the overall coating process.

Abstract: PARMOD.TM. materials comprised of a metal powder or metal powder mixture of specified characteristics and a Reactive Organic Medium, are easily printed or deposited on electronic components, such as a Printed Wiring Board substrate, and cured at low temperatures to form a highly conductive, well bonded, well consolidated pure metal component. The adhesion of PARMOD.TM. conductors on an electronic component is enhanced by printing the PARMOD.TM. on a polyimide coating which has been applied to the electronic component.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for kinetic spray coating of substrate surfaces by impingement of air or gas entrained powders of small particles in a range up to at least 106 microns accelerated to supersonic velocity in a spray nozzle. Preferably powders of metals, alloys, polymers and mixtures thereof or with semiconductors or ceramics are entrained in unheated air and passed through an injection tube into a larger flow of heated air for mixing and acceleration through a supersonic nozzle for coating of an article by impingement of the yieldable particles. A preferred apparatus includes a high pressure air supply carrying entrained particles exceeding 50 microns through an injection tube into heated air in a mixing chamber for mixing and acceleration in the nozzle. The mixing chamber is supplied with high pressure heated air through a main air passage having an area ratio relative to the injection tube of at least 80/1.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a thin film of ultra-fine particles on a base body having a fine hole or groove with a large aspect ratio (larger than one). The ultra-fine particles are smaller than 0.1 .mu.m in diameter and are made from evaporated material. An aerosol is formed by dispersing and floating the ultra-fine particles in a gas at a pressure higher than 10.sup.2 Pa in an aerosol-forming chamber. The base body is held by a holding mechanism within a thin-film forming container. A vacuum system is connected to the thin-film forming container. The aerosol-forming chamber is placed in communication with the thin-film forming container so that the aerosol is applied onto the inner wall surface of the fine hole or the groove. As a result, the ultra-fine particles are diffused and adsorbed onto the inner wall surface.

Abstract: A composite coating provides a solderable surface on materials that cannot otherwise be soldered. The solderable coating is comprised of a composite layer of two components made of metals or metal alloys that function as a solderable material and as a material that enhances solder flow. A thin layer of at least one of the two components can also be incorporated along with the composite layer. A solderable coating can be deposited on a non-solderable surface by any of a variety of thermal spray techniques, including plasma spraying or wire arc spraying. These solderable coatings are particularly useful in the manufacturing of high power electronic components.

Abstract: In a method of coating easily oxidisable materials by plasma powder build-up welding of additive materials in powder form using alternating current or direct current with superimposed alternating current to produce a plasma transferred arc for powder build-up welding in accordance with patent application No 196 26 941.5 a CuNi-alloy is used as an additive welding material with additions (in % by weight) of:______________________________________ Fe below about 10; Cr below about 5; B below about 4; Si below about 4; C with about 1.5; ______________________________________with a degree of mixing of more than 40% by volume.

Abstract: A flexible film interface includes a flexible film; flexible material attached to a portion of the flexible film; surface metallization on the flexible material, the flexible film having at least one via extending therethrough to the surface metallization; and a floating pad structure including floating pad metallization patterned over the flexible material and the surface metallization, a first portion of the floating pad metallization forming a central pad and a second portion of the floating pad metallization forming at least one extension from the central pad and extending into the at least one via.

Abstract: A process for making a light-reflective bicycle frame and a light-reflective bicycle frame made therefrom are provided. The process includes: preparing a bicycle frame, providing a transparent adhesive layer on the bicycle frame, spreading uniformly light-reflective particles on the transparent adhesive layer to form a light-reflective particle layer which is substantially free of any superimposed or overlapping particles, and providing a transparent protective layer on the light-reflective particle layer.

Abstract: A conductive filler has a metallic layer having a low melting point formed on its surface. The filler can give an excellent electric/electromagnetic effect to a matrix.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for adhering a powder to a substrate. The process includes the steps of: a) providing an oscillating magnetic field, b) continuously introducing into the magnetic field coating material, a substrate, and a means of affixing the coating material to the substrate by forming a fluidized bed of at least the coating material and providing sufficient force to cause the coating material to adhere to the surface of the substrate, and c) continuously collecting the coated substrate.

Abstract: Surface-treating metallic parts are produced by applying mechanical energy to the surface of a metallic part and to a substance on or near the surface of the metallic part. The substance is different from the metallic part in composition. The applying step forms a mechanically-alloyed layer from the metallic part and the substance in the surface of the metallic part. The surface-modified layer such as the mechanically-alloyed layer is a non-peeling alloyed layer having a composition or structure different from that of the metallic part. The method is effective in surface-treating light metal materials of which the surfaces are difficult to treat. For example, the method is applicable to soft Mg alloys and Al alloys to improve their surface hardness, and the thus-treated alloys are usable in slide parts which are required to have good wear resistance.

Abstract: Metal quantum dots are produced from a solution of the metal salt when the solution is passed through an electrostatic capillary nozzle (3) into a chamber (7). The nozzle (3) produces an aerosol of droplets (4) of the solution which is then irradiated using laser light (8). The solution evaporates from the droplets to form quantum dots of the metal element on a substrate 5 in the chamber 7.

Abstract: A method of forming a superalloy part comprises: forming a preform from tape, said tape comprising a base metal layer and a braze alloy layer, said base metal layer comprising fibrillated polytetrafluoroethylene and an oxygen-sensitive superalloy base metal powder selected from the group consisting of titanium, aluminum, hafnium, and chromium, and said braze alloy layer comprising fibrilated polytetrafluoroethylene and braze alloy; heating the preform in an hydrogen or vacuum environment. Another method of forming a superalloy part comprises using a tape comprising fibrilated polytetrafluoroethylene, said oxygen-sensitive superalloy base metal powder, and powdered braze alloy.

Abstract: The present invention concerns finely divided particles of compounds that provide flame retardancy and/or smoke suppressant properties to fibers, textiles, polymeric articles, paper, paint, coating and insulation. More particularly, the present invention concerns colloidal-sized particles of hydrated salts, organic phosphates, metal borates, polyamides, solid halogenated flame retardants with a melting point greater than 250.degree. C., molybdenum compounds, metallocenes, antimony compounds, zinc compounds, bismuth compounds and other solid chemicals which act as flame retardants or smoke suppressants. The present invention also concerns various milling processes to reduce these materials to colloidal sizes and to disperse them in water, organic liquids and meltable solids.

Abstract: A process for protecting the surface of a roller bearing against corrosion. The roller bearing is provided with a thin protective coating of a powdered coating material or of a wet coating material and then the bearing is inductively heated, at the coated surface thereof, in the range of 200.degree. C. to 300.degree. C. for a few seconds to cure the coating material. The bearing is thereafter cooled. The wet coating material is based on inorganic substances and is electrically conductive.

Abstract: An improved process for chromizing commercial quantities of small, industrial, ferrous-based parts, such as but not limited to threaded connectors, pins, bolts, nuts, washers, fasteners, fittings, couplings, studs, etc., uses a retort filled with layers of parts coated with a chromium-containing slurry. The plurality of parts are arranged in layers on sheets of refractory felt paper and are heat treated simultaneously for causing the chromizing reaction between the slurry and the ferrous-based parts.

Abstract: Process for the reduction of breakdown risks with respect to the solid dielectric insulant of transmission cables and lines operating under high voltages. The insulant normally separates the conductors of a multi-conductor line or the central conductor and the outer metal envelope of a coaxial line. Small amounts of metal particles with dimensions below 1 micron are added to the dielectric insulant mass.

Abstract: In a process for applying a metallic adhesion layer for thermally sprayed ceramic thermal barrier coatings to metallic components, the surface which is to be coated being cleaned in a first process step, so that the metallic surface is free of grease and oxide, a binder is applied to the metallic surface of the base material in a second process step. Metallic adhesive powder is applied uniformly to the binder in a third process step and solder powder, which has a smaller particle size than the adhesive powder, is applied uniformly to the binder in a fourth process step. After drying the binder, a heat treatment is carried out for the purpose of soldering. The adhesion layers produced in this way are rough and provide a considerable positive lock for the ceramic thermal barrier coatings which are to be sprayed thereon.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided methods for enhancing the color of minerals useful as gemstones. Invention methods are relatively inexpensive to carry out, avoid the use of hazardous materials, and require no specialized equipment.

Abstract: A wear-resistant hardfacing and a method for applying such a hardfacing is taught herein. A finely powdered, wear-resistant alloy and a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution slurry is coated onto the metal surface of a tool, implement, or similar item to be hardfaced. Alternatively, a binding coating of PVA solution may be applied to the metal surface followed by application of a layer of a powdered alloy. After the slurry or PVA binding coating has dried, leaving a dry coat of alloy in a PVA matrix, the metal surface is heated to the fusion temperature of the alloy in vacuum, in an inert gas atmosphere, or in hydrogen atmosphere. The metal item with the fused coating is heat treated to impart desired mechanical properties to the part substrate material. The method of the present invention gives a smooth, dense coating of the wear-resistant hardfacing without nonmetallic inclusions.

Abstract: In a gas deposition apparatus includes: an ultra fine particle evaporation chamber; an evaporation source arranged in the ultra fine particle evaporation chamber; a deposition chamber; a substrate arranged in the deposition chamber; a transfer pipe connecting the ultra fine particle evaporation chamber with the deposition chamber; an inlet port of the transfer pipe directly facing to the evaporation source in the ultra fine particle evaporation chamber and an outlet port of the transfer pipe being in the deposition chamber; a nozzle connected to the outlet port of the transfer pipe, facing to the substrate in the deposition chamber; and an introducing port for introducing inert gas into the ultra fine particle evaporation chamber wherein ultra fine particles evaporated from the evaporation source by heating the latter, are transported together with inert gas through the transfer pipe and they are ejected out from the nozzle onto the substrate to form a film or condensation of ultra fine particle thereon, a DC

Abstract: The method of preparing an adhesive layer on a substrate includes introducing a thermally reactive powder comprising aluminum and a second metal into a plasma torch, wherein the thermally reactive powder is substantially free of binder, additive and contaminant and does not contain a significant amount of intermetallic compound into a plasma torch. An exothermic reaction is initiated within the thermally reactive powders in the plasma torch and the exotherming powders impinge onto a substrate, such that the heat generated by the exothermic reaction is generated predominantly on the substrate.

Abstract: A hard facing alloy is applied to a surface of a substrate by making a mixture of at least two constituents whose net composition is the desired hard facing alloy composition. The constituents have different solidus temperatures, at least one of which is above a processing temperature of the substrate and another of which is below the processing temperature of the substrate. In one preferred approach, the mixture is prepared by pressing and lightly sintering the constituents in the form of powders, so that the mixture retains its shape and can be attached to the substrate surface. Then the substrate is heated to the processing temperature and maintained for a time sufficient to permit interdiffusion of the several different phases toward a homogeneous hard facing alloy composition uniformly through a major portion of the volume.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flexible abrasive article for grinding or polishing and a method for making the same. The flexible abrasive article has a fabric substrate and at least one abrasive layer provided thereon. The abrasive layer is a composite with an adhesive binder in which diamond particles and metal particles are distributed to form an interpenetrating array of diamond particles and metal particles. It is preferred that the metal particles be about equal to or coarser than the size of the diamond particles. It is still further preferred that the abrasive layer include a distribution of non-metallic filler particles interspersed with the diamond particles and the metal particles. The method of making the flexible abrasive article described above can be accomplished by selecting a fabric substrate, preparing an abrasive coating mixture by first mixing a resin with a volatile carrier, second mixing in the particulate components, and applying the mixture to the substrate in one or more layers.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a new apparatus and method for screening using porous backing material. More particularly, the invention encompasses an apparatus that uses a porous backing material which is adhered to a green sheet during the screening process. Basically, a backing layer having a very high porosity is adhered to a green sheet, while the green sheet is screened. During the drying process of the green sheet some of the screening fluids are absorbed by the porous backing layer, which allows the screened vias of the green sheet to have a smooth surface.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a sliding member, a granular spraying material is sprayed on at least a part of a surface of a body portion made of a structural material in at least partially fusing condition and in the direction which is parallel to or diagonal to a sliding surface. Then, a sprayed layer is formed by depositing the spraying material in the direction which is perpendicular to the sliding surface. The sliding surface is a section of the deposited spraying material which is obtained by grinding or cutting the sprayed layer in depositional direction.

Abstract: A high temperature thermal sprayable material, such as a metal or metal oxide, is adhered to the surface of a thermal sprayable plastic particle to form a cladding layer thereon. The high temperature material cladding layer provides a thermal barrier that allows use of the plastic in a high temperature thermal spray process to create a duplex coating containing plastic.

Abstract: The present invention concerns finely divided particles of compounds that provide flame retardancy and/or smoke suppressant properties to fibers, textiles, polymeric articles, paper, paint, coating and insulation. More particularly, the present invention concerns colloidal-sized particles of hydrated salts, organic phosphates, metal borates, polyamides, solid halogenated flame retardants with a melting point greater than 250.degree. C., molybdenum compounds, metallocenes, antimony compounds, zinc compounds, bismuth compounds and other solid chemicals which act as flame retardants or smoke suppressants. The present invention also concerns various milling processes to reduce these materials to colloidal sizes and to disperse them in water, organic liquids and meltable solids.

Abstract: A method for producing continuous and discontinuous fiber metal matrix composites (CFMMC). The method uses aerosolization of finely divided metal powders in a controlled atmosphere which prevents explosions to coat the fibers and then the metal coated fibers are consolidated to form the CFMMC. The composites are useful as heat sinks for electrical components and in applications where a structural reinforced metal matrix composite is needed.

Abstract: Erosion and wear resistant iron alloy, comprising: Cr 20.0-36.0% by weight, B 2.5-5.0% by weight, Mn 0.5-3.2% by weight, Si 0.05-0.6 by weight, Mo 0.3-2.5% by weight, V 0.05-0.3% by weight, Nb 0.03-0.3% by weight, P 0.5% by weight or less, C 0.05-0.3% by weight, and a trace of unavoidable impurities, which confers superior corrosion and wear resistance upon abraded or corroded portions by coating or molding.

Abstract: A method of producing a wear or corrosion resistant coating by forming a coating of grains of hard metallic alloys bonded with an organic binder. The coating is applied to a substrate, heated so that the binder decomposes and then isostatically hot pressed. No liquid phase is formed in the coating during the process.