Abstract: An ink for forming CIGS photovoltaic cell active layers is disclosed along with methods for making the ink, methods for making the active layers and a solar cell made with the active layer. The ink contains a mixture of nanoparticles of elements of groups IB, IIIA and (optionally) VIA. The particles are in a desired particle size range of between about 1 nm and about 500 nm in diameter, where a majority of the mass of the particles comprises particles ranging in size from no more than about 40% above or below an average particle size or, if the average particle size is less than about 5 nanometers, from no more than about 2 nanometers above or below the average particle size. The use of such ink avoids the need to expose the material to an H2Se gas during the construction of a photovoltaic cell and allows more uniform melting during film annealing, more uniform intermixing of nanoparticles, and allows higher quality absorber films to be formed.

Abstract: To provide a tungsten oxide photocatalyst which shows a high photocatalytic activity by irradiating with visible light even under the environment where ultraviolet light is not irradiated, the tungsten oxide photocatalyst has tungsten oxide particles and Pt particles having a primary particle size of 3 to 20 nm supported on the surface of the tungsten oxide particles in an amount of 0.03 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the tungsten oxide particles.

Abstract: A plasma display panel is disclosed. The plasma display panel includes a front substrate, a rear substrate facing the front substrate, a barrier rib that is positioned between the front substrate and the rear substrate and partitions a discharge cell, and a phosphor layer formed inside the discharge cell. The phosphor layer includes a first phosphor layer emitting first color light, a second phosphor layer emitting second color light, and a third phosphor layer emitting third color light. The first phosphor layer includes a first pigment. A thickness of the second phosphor layer is larger than a thickness of the first phosphor layer.

Abstract: A particle is formed from a dispersion and includes a compound and a metal disposed on the particle. The compound has the chemical formula R—Si—H. In this formula, R is an organic or inorganic moiety. The particle is also included in a corresponding dispersion. The particle is formed from a method that includes the step of forming the dispersion. The method also includes the step of disposing the metal on the particle.

Abstract: A metallic powder is disclosed. The metallic powder includes a plurality of metallic powder particles. Each powder particle includes a particle core. The particle core includes a core material comprising Mg, Al, Zn or Mn, or a combination thereof, having a melting temperature (TP). Each powder particle also includes a metallic coating layer disposed on the particle core. The metallic coating layer includes a metallic coating material having a melting temperature (TC). The powder particles are configured for solid-state sintering to one another at a predetermined sintering temperature (TS), and TS is less than TP and TC.

Abstract: A method for preparing III-VI2 nanoparticles and a thin film of polycrystalline light absorber layers. The method for preparing I-III-VI2 nanoparticles comprises the steps of: (a1) preparing a mixed solution by mixing each element from groups I, III and VI in the periodic table with a solvent; (a2) sonicating the mixed solution; (a3) separating the solvent from the sonicated mixed solution; and (a4) drying the product resulted from the above step (a3) to obtain nanoparticles.

Abstract: A pearlescent effect pigment having an opaque, dark or black color is disclosed. The black pearlescent pigment includes a platelet-shaped non-metal substrate, optionally an oxide layer, a template layer, and a metal layer. The pearlescent luster of the disclosed effect pigment is comparable to those of pure pearlescent effects. The disclosed method provides a cost-effective approach for the manufacturing of the disclosed effect pigment.

Abstract: The present invention features a method for preparing core-shell nanoparticles supported on carbon. In particular, the present invention features a method for preparing core-shell nanoparticles supported on carbon, including: dispersing core nanoparticle powder supported on carbon in ethanol; adding a metal precursor which forms a shell and hydroquinone thereto; and mixing and reducing the same. Preferably, the disclosed method for preparing core-shell nanoparticles supported on carbon enables coating of transition metal nanoparticles including platinum on the surface of core metal nanoparticles at a monolayer level. Prepared core-shell nanoparticles of the present invention may be useful as catalysts or electrode materials of fuel cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of forming a film of nanoparticles interlinked with each other using a polyfunctional linker.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a system for depositing a metal or a metalloid on carbon nanotubes (NTC). The method of the invention comprises homogenising an NTC powder in a reactor, and depositing said metal or metalloid on the homogenised NTC powder using a chemical vapor deposition technique implemented inside the reactor from a precursor comprising an alkyl of said metal or metalloid. The method can be used for the production of nanostructured SiC at the surface of the NTC by Si deposition on said NTC.

Abstract: A stabilized, chemically reactive, metallic nano-material effective for degradation of chlorinated organic compounds in soils, sediments and groundwater. The nano-material is composed of a magnetic metal nanoparticle and a carbohydrate stabilizer bound to the nanoparticle. The preferred metal nanoparticle is iron and the preferred carbohydrate stabilizer is either a starch or a water soluble cellulose such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The nanoparticle may be either mono-metallic, bi-metallic or multi-metallic in nature, but is preferably bi-metallic wherein it is coated with a secondary catalytic metal coating, preferably palladium. A method of making the metallic nano-material is further disclosed wherein a solution of the metal nanoparticle and carbohydrate stabilizer is prepared, and the nanoparticle is then reduced under inert conditions.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a metal-doped support material. The metal-doped support material comprises at least one metal in elemental form on at least one support material which is based on carbon by gas-phase deposition of at least one compound comprising the at least one metal in the oxidation state 0 in combination with carbon monoxide on the at least one support material and thermal decomposition of the at least one compound comprising the at least one metal in the oxidation state 0 in order to obtain the at least one metal in elemental form. During and after the deposition and the decomposition, the support material is not brought into contact with reducing compounds during the preparation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to lithium manganate particles having a primary particle diameter of 1 to 8 ?m and forming substantially single-phase particles, which have a composition represented by the following chemical formula: Li1+xMn2?x?yY1yO4+Y2 in which Y1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mg, Fe, Al, Cr and Ti; Y2 is P and is present in an amount of 0.01 to 0.6 mol % based on Mn; and x and y satisfy 0.03?x?0.15 and 0.05?y?0.20, respectively, and which lithium manganate particles have a specific surface area of the lithium manganate particles of 0.3 to 0.9 m2/g (as measured by BET method); and have an average particle diameter (D50) of the lithium manganate particles of 3 to 10 ?m. A positive electrode active substance of a lithium ion secondary battery using the lithium manganate particles of the present invention has a high output and is excellent in high-temperature stability.

Abstract: A method for producing fine, coated metal particles comprising the steps of mixing Ti-containing powder except for Ti oxide powder with oxide powder of a metal M, an M oxide having a standard free energy of formation meeting the relation of ?GM-O>?GTiO2; and heat-treating the resultant mixed powder at a temperature of 650-900° C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, thereby reducing the oxide of the metal M with Ti to provide the resultant fine particles of the metal M with TiO2-based titanium oxide coating.

Abstract: A heat spreader structure includes at least one carbonaceous matter-metal composite layer having a plurality of carbonaceous particles and at least one metal-mesh layer having a plurality of meshes. The carbonaceous particles are either separately firmly held inside the meshes of the metal-mesh layer or covered and held in place by the metal-mesh layer. The carbonaceous matter-metal composite layer can be coated on a metal-made body through sintering to ensure good bonding of the carbonaceous particles to the metal-made body and accordingly enhance the heat spreading efficiency of the metal-made body. A method for manufacturing the heat spreader structure is also disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided colloidal silica particles comprising at least one polyvalent metal element M selected from a group consisting of iron, aluminum, zinc, zirconium, titanium, tin, and lead in an average content of 0.001 to 0.02 in terms of an M/Si molar ratio, and having an average primary particle diameter of 5 to 40 nm, wherein the content of the polyvalent metal element M present in an outermost layer of the colloidal particles is 0 to 0.003 atom per square nanometer (nm2) of a surface area of the colloidal particles; and a silica sol that the colloidal silica particles are dispersed in an organic solvent, a silica sol that the colloidal silica particles are dispersed in a polymerizable compound, and a silica sol that the colloidal silica particles are dispersed in a dicarboxylic anhydride.

Abstract: The invention relates to effect pigments having an aluminum core or aluminum alloy core and an aluminum oxide-containing or aluminum oxide/hydroxide-containing layer enveloping said aluminum core or aluminum alloy core, obtained by chemical wet-process oxidation of lamellar aluminum pigments or aluminum alloy pigments, the content of metallic aluminum in the aluminum core or aluminum alloy core being not more than 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the pigment, wherein the oxidized aluminum pigments or aluminum alloy pigments exhibit at least one highly refractive metal chalcogenide layer having a refractive index of >1.95, and a mixed layer is formed between the highly refractive metal chalcogenide layer and the enveloping aluminum oxide-containing or aluminum oxide/hydroxide-containing layer. The invention further relates to a process for the production of such effect pigments and to the use thereof.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a metal-carrying carbonaceous material is provided. The method comprises immersing a carbonaceous material in a metal-containing aqueous solution under vacuum, with stirring, and/or in the presence of a polar solvent, and then thermally treating the immersed carbonaceous material at a temperature ranging from 120° C. up to a temperature not higher than the melting point of the involved metal under vacuum or in the presence of a protective gas. According to the method, the metal can be effectively carried on a carbonaceous material so as to enhance the applicability of the metal-carrying carbonaceous material.

Abstract: The present invention provides an Ag or Ni conductive powder, which can show the high conductivity even in condition that a resin is included and can has the narrow particle size distribution, and a conductive composition using the same, and a producing method of the same. In such an Ag or Ni conductive powder, a conductive composition and a producing method of the conductive powder, the conductive powder having a convex radially extended and a concave, wherein a core material which is at least one particle selected from the group consisting of an organic type particle, a metal type particle and a ceramic type particle is included into the conductive powder.

Abstract: The black bright pigment of the present invention includes a scaly inorganic base 10 and a coating 20 covering the inorganic base 10 and containing nanoparticles including a pure substance of metal element other than copper or a noble-metal alloy (free of copper) and the nanoparticles include crystal dendrites. The average particle size of the nanoparticles is preferably 20 to 50 nm. The average width of the crystal dendrites is preferably 10 nm or less. The pure substance of noble metal or noble metal contained in the noble-metal alloy is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, platinum, palladium and iridium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a material based on silver-carbon, that involves the steps of: (i) providing a suspension of carbon particles; and (ii) supplying a solution of a silver compound and of a reducing agent, such that a silver-containing precipitate is deposited onto the carbon particles, where the carbon particles have a mean diameter of 200 nm or greater. The invention further relates to a material obtainable by this process and to the use of the material in circuit breakers for low-voltage power engineering.

Abstract: A method for the formation of metallic nanoparticles, such as gold and silver nanoparticles, which involves, combining in a single solution, solvent, metal ions and copolymers under conditions such that metal nanoparticles are formed. The copolymers have both reducing components and stabilizing components. The method can be used to form metal nanoparticles having a desired shape and size.

Abstract: A process for depositing nanometer-sized metal particles onto a substrate in the absence of aqueous solvents, organic solvents, and reducing agents, and without any required pre-treatment of the substrate, includes preparing an admixture of a metal compound and a substrate by dry mixing a chosen amount of the metal compound with a chosen amount of the substrate; and supplying energy to the admixture in an amount sufficient to deposit zero valance metal particles onto the substrate. This process gives rise to a number of deposited metallic particle sizes which may be controlled. The compositions prepared by this process are used to produce polymer composites by combining them with readily available commodity and engineering plastics. The polymer composites are used as coatings, or they are used to fabricate articles, such as free-standing films, fibers, fabrics, foams, molded and laminated articles, tubes, adhesives, and fiber reinforced articles.

Abstract: Iridescent magnetic pigments are produced by depositing a ferrite layer and a second metal oxide layer in succession on a substrate. The substrate may be platy and is coated with the ferrite, which is then coated with the second metal oxide layer to provide interference color effect. At least one of the layers is magnetic. The magnetic pigment may be used in coatings such as paints.

Abstract: A device having a substrate, a pair of ferromagnetic leads on a surface of the substrate, laterally separated by a gap, and one or more ferromagnetic microparticles comprising a conductive coating at least partially within the gap. The conductive coating forms at least part of an electrical connection between the leads. A molecular junction may connect the leads to the microparticle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a simple and economical process for preparation of metal-coated non-metallic nano/micro particles. The nano/micro particles are composed of a core and metallic coat over the core using silver or other transition/noble metals. The core of the non-metallic nano/micro particles are selected from inorganic material such as silica, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, or emulsion grade polyvinyl chloride and other polymers prepared by emulsion process including porous polymers. The metal coating is selected from the transition/noble metals such as copper, nickel, silver, palladium, platinum, osmium, ruthenium, rhodium, and such other metals and their combinations that are easily reducible to elemental metal.

Abstract: An ink for forming CIGS photovoltaic cell active layers is disclosed along with methods for making the ink, methods for making the active layers and a solar cell made with the active layer. The ink contains a mixture of nanoparticles of elements of groups IB, IIIA and (optionally) VIA. The particles are in a desired particle size range of between about 1 nm and about 500 nm in diameter, where a majority of the mass of the particles comprises particles ranging in size from no more than about 40% above or below an average particle size or, if the average particle size is less than about 5 nanometers, from no more than about 2 nanometers above or below the average particle size. The use of such ink avoids the need to expose the material to an H2Se gas during the construction of a photovoltaic cell and allows more uniform melting during film annealing, more uniform intermixing of nanoparticles, and allows higher quality absorber films to be formed.

Abstract: A method for in-situ formation of surface modified mixed oxide material includes burning a titanium chloride comprising compound and a silicon chloride comprising compound in the presence of oxygen and hydrogen in a reactor to form a plurality of silica-titania mixed oxide particles, wherein a temperature during the burning step is from 700 to 1100° C. In embodiments of the invention a concentration of hydrogen is in a stoichiometric excess (H2:O2) to oxygen from 2.02:1 to 2.61:1 during the burning step. While the mixed oxide particles are still in the reactor, a metal is deposited on a surface of the mixed oxide particles at a temperature below the temperature of the burning step, such as in the form of randomly located nanoparticle clusters which only partially cover the surface of the mixed oxide particles. The titania can be non-stoichiometric TiO2-x, wherein 0.1<x<0.3 at a surface of the particles and in the bulk of the particles x is less than at the surface.

Abstract: A method of preparing carbon-coated metal oxide nano-particles and carbon-coated metal oxide nano-particles prepared with the same method are described. The method includes the following steps at least. A precursor of a polymer is polymerized on metal oxide nano-particles to form polymer-coated metal oxide nano-particles. Then, pyrolysis is conducted to carbonize the polymer coated on the metal oxide nano-particles, so as to form carbon-coated metal oxide nano-particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to metal-treated particles, methods for their preparation and methods for using metal-treated particles for, e.g., remediation of process waste-water, sewage, contaminated groundwater aquifers, and soil containing harmful contaminants. Another aspect of the invention relates to a metal-treated particle comprising a ferrosoferric oxide core and a metal supported on the core, where the average diameter or other largest transverse dimension of the core is from about 75 nm to about 990 nm and the amount of metal supported on the core is from about 8% to about 22% by weight, based on the weight of the metal-treated particle.

Abstract: The invention relates to metal-treated particles, methods for their preparation and methods for using metal-treated particles for, e.g., remediation of process waste-water, sewage, contaminated groundwater aquifers, and soil containing harmful contaminants. Another aspect of the invention relates to a metal-treated particle comprising a ferrosoferric oxide core and a metal supported on the core, where the average diameter or other largest transverse dimension of the core is from about 75 nm to about 990 nm and the amount of metal supported on the core is from about 8% to about 22% by weight, based on the weight of the metal-treated particle.

Abstract: A method for in-situ formation of surface modified mixed oxide material includes burning a titanium chloride comprising compound and a silicon chloride comprising compound in the presence of oxygen and hydrogen in a reactor to form a plurality of silica-titania mixed oxide particles, wherein a temperature during the burning step is from 700 to 1000° C. In embodiments of the invention a concentration of hydrogen is in a stoichiometric excess (H2:O2) to oxygen from 2.02:1 to 2.61:1 during the burning step. While the mixed oxide particles are still in the reactor, a metal is deposited on a surface of the mixed oxide particles at a temperature below the temperature of the burning step, such as in the form of randomly located nanopaiticle clusters which only partially cover the surface of the mixed oxide particles. The titania can be non-stoichiometric TiO2-X, wherein 0.1<x<0.3 at a surface of the particles and in the bulk of the particles x is less than at the surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for improved soluble carbon nanotube (“CNT”) composites at least partially coated with a metal material, and improved methods for the synthesis, generation or formation of substantially soluble carbon nanotube composites via heating conditions (e.g., microwave reactions). For example, the present disclosure provides for methods for the rapid, controllable, environmentally-friendly formation of substantially soluble carbon nanotube composites via in-situ microwave-assisted reactions, wherein the carbon nanotube composites are at least partially coated with nanometal particles (e.g., nanoplatinum particles), and wherein the nanocomposites are substantially soluble in water and/or in organic solvents (e.g., o-dichlorobenzene (ODCB), chloroform, tetrahydrofuran (THF), ethanol, toluene, hexane and DMF).

Abstract: A rust inhibitor which ensures the simplicity of application typical for a coating process and can demonstrate excellent characteristics similar to those obtained with a metal spraying method. The rust inhibitor is manufactured by admixing zinc and aluminum as fine powders of inorganic metals, which are manufactured with a stamping mill to have a flaky shape, to a modified silicone resin solution. A silane-type silicone resin is used for the modified silicone resin solution. For example, a mixed solution of an organosilane-type silicone resin and an oligomer-type silane coupling agent and the like is used.

Abstract: A silver-coated ball 10 according to the present invention includes: a spherical core 1; and a coating layer 2 including silver superfine particles, which is arranged so as to surround the core 1. The silver superfine particles included in the coating layer 2 have a mean particle size of 1 nm to 50 nm.

Abstract: A fine spherical particle formed of diamond as a core and having carbon nano-materials radially grown therefrom is disclosed, which exhibits the appearance of a Marimo (Cladophora sauteri) particle. Fine diamond catalytic particles 2 whose surfaces are oxidized and treated to carry a transition metal catalyst are floated and stirred in a gas phase of hydrocarbon while being heated at a selected temperature to bring about a catalytic reaction which synthesizes carbon nano-materials and to grow them on the surface of said oxidized fine diamond particle. Nano fibers or filaments 32 of a nano size are grown from the fine diamond catalytic particle 31 as a core to form cladophora-form carbon. The carbon nano-materials if the supported transition metal is Ni or Co become carbon nano-tubes and if it is Pd become coin stacked carbon nano-graphite.

Abstract: A reagent suitable for use as a catalyst comprises a first metal species substrate having a second reduced metal species coated thereon, the second reduced metal species being less electropositive than the first metal. Methods of manufacture are also provided.

Abstract: Catalytically activated carbon materials and methods for their preparation are described. The activated carbon materials are engineered to have a controlled porosity distribution that is readily optimized for specific applications using metal-containing nanoparticles as activation catalysts for the mesopores. The activated carbon materials may be used in all manner of devices that contain carbon materials, including but not limited to various electrochemical devices (e.g., capacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and the like), hydrogen storage devices, filtration devices, catalytic substrates, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nanoparticulate UV protectants which are obtainable by hydrothermal treatment of a nanoparticulate metal oxide and subsequent application of a silicon dioxide coating, and to the preparation and use thereof. The present invention furthermore relates to novel compositions, in particular for topical application, which are intended, in particular, for light protection of the skin and/or of the hair against UV radiation, and to the use thereof in the above-mentioned cosmetic application.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cosmetic preparation containing a metallic effect pigment which consists of a metal substrate having a layer enclosing the substrate. Said layer is produced in a sol/gel method, has a barrier effect against sweat and saliva and prevents a direct contact between skin and metallic substrate, the metallic pigment being hydrophilic. The inventive preparation can be in the form of a cream, a lotion, an eye shadow, a nail varnish, a lipstick, a mascara, a gel, a make-up formulation or a self-tanning cream or lotion.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing bentonite sorbents for removal of pollutants including mercury from gas streams, such as a flue gas stream from coal-fired utility plants are disclosed. The methods include mixing bentonite sorbent particles with a sulfide salt and a metal salt to form a metal sulfide on the outer surface of the bentonite sorbent particles.

Abstract: A nanocrystal capable of light emission includes a nanoparticle having photoluminescence having quantum yields of greater than 30%.

Abstract: A group of metal magnetic nanoparticles is provided. The metal magnetic nanoparticle includes a core having a noble metal cluster of a diameter of 3 nm or less; and a metal shell, formed to surround the core, having noble metal atoms randomly distributed therein; wherein the metal shell has a noble metal atom content: (number of noble metal atoms)/(number of whole metal atoms)×100 of 1 to 15 at. %.

Abstract: A method for producing composite, shelled, alloy and compound nanoparticles as well as nanostructured films of composite, shelled, alloy and compound nanoparticles by using laser ablation of microparticles is disclosed.

Abstract: A magnetic composite for AC applications with improved magnetic properties (i.e. low hysteresis losses and low eddy current losses) is disclosed. The composite comprises a consolidation of magnetizable metallic microlamellar particles each having a top and bottom surfaces and opposite ends. The top and bottom surfaces are coated with a dielectric coating for increasing the resistivity of the composite and reducing eddy current losses. The dielectric coating is made of a refractory material and the ends of the lamellar particles are metallurgically bonded to each other to reduce hysteresis losses of the composite. A process for manufacturing the same is also disclosed. The composite is suitable for manufacturing devices for AC applications such as transformers, stator and rotor of motors, generators, alternators, field concentrators, chokes, relays, electromechanical actuators, synchroresolvers, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for producing metal-coated palladium or palladium-alloy particles. The method includes contacting hydrogen-absorbed palladium or palladium-alloy particles with one or more metal salts to produce a sub-monoatomic or monoatomic metal- or metal-alloy coating on the surface of the hydrogen-absorbed palladium or palladium-alloy particles. The invention also relates to methods for producing catalysts and methods for producing electrical energy using the metal-coated palladium or palladium-alloy particles of the present invention.

Abstract: An electrode and a method for forming the electrode. The electrode comprises: a substrate; and a plurality of metal particles adhering to the substrate. The method comprises steps of: providing a substrate; providing a solution including a solvent and a plurality of metal particles on the substrate; removing the solvent; and making the plurality of metal particles adhere to the substrate.

Abstract: A particle (10) of ferromagnetic powder for use in preparation of soft magnetic core components has a core-shell structure. The particle includes a central core (12) and a shell (14) coated on the central core. The central core is made of magnetic material and is used for providing the necessary magnetic property for the magnetic core components made from the ferromagnetic powder. The shell has a higher electrical resistance than the central core so as to reduce an eddy current loss of the magnetic core component. The shell also functions to provide an excellent bonding strength between particles of the powder.

Abstract: It is the object of the present invention to provide a conductive particle which has excellent adhesion between a base particle and a conductive layer, a conductive layer being resistant to breaking, impact resistance being improved, and an anisotropic conductive material using the conductive particle. The prevent invention is a conductive particle, which comprises a base particle and a conductive layer formed on a surface of said base particle, said conductive layer having a non-crystal nickel plating layer in contact with the surface of said base particle and a crystal nickel plating layer, and a proportion of a nickel crystal grain aggregate oriented in a nickel (111) plane derived from an integrated intensity ratio in X-ray diffraction measurement being 80% or more.

Abstract: Granules comprise binder-agglomerated active particles for liquid treatment or filtration. Each granule has a center core of a material that itself has binding properties without the addition of other binders or sprays or adhesives, or, alternatively, each granule comprises a matrix of active materials stuck together with the binder. The binder structure preferably ranges from a non-uniform matrix of binder formed by heat-deformed binder particles, to a clump of binder particles generally retaining the original shape or the binder particles, to non-continuous connectors of binder between active particles. The invented two-part media has high surface area per volume of media, which, because the outer surface and inner void surfaces of the particles are preferably substantially covered with active particles, translates to high activity for the preferred treatment process.