Abstract: A new class of metal hydride alloy and processes for forming these alloys is disclosed. The alloys are comprised essentially of organically soluble metal hydrides and single molecular layer type transition metal dichalcogenides. They are produced via a non-metallurgical route in organic solvents under mild conditions. These alloys have exhibited improved qualities in battery applications.

Abstract: This invention provides a process which permits impurity-free sound Mg-based composite materials and Mg alloy-based composite materials to be efficiently and inexpensively produced without pressurizing a melt of matrix metal and without using a metal oxide, finely divided metal or metal fluoride. Specifically, it provides a process for producing an Mg-based composite material or an Mg alloy-based composite material which comprises replacing the gas within a mass of reinforcing material (9) by a non-protective gas, and bringing at least a part of the mass of reinforcing material (9) into contact with a melt (7) of Mg or Mg alloy so as to infiltrate the melt (7) into the mass of reinforcing material (9).

Abstract: Multilayer interference pigment consisting of a central, absorbing layer and alternating layers of a material of low refractive index and of a metal or of a material of high refractive index either side of the central layer, the material of low refractive index preferably being acrylate and the metal being aluminium or chromium. The absorbing layer consists of a coating system which comprises carbon black or color-imparting absorption pigments.

Abstract: The superparamagnetic monodispersed particles comprise a core of a first polymer, an internal layer of a second polymer coating the core and in which a magnetic material is distributed, and an external layer of a third polymer coating the magnetic layer and capable of interacting with at least one biological molecule. At least the second polymer is heat sensitive and has a predetermined lower critical solubility temperature (LCST) of 15-65.degree. C. These particles may be used to isolate at least one biological molecule from a liquid specimen.

Abstract: A method of coating a fluidizable material onto a surface of a substrate, wherein the substrate is not wettable by the fluidizable material includes depositing a layer of powder particles on the surface of the substrate, the powder particles being wettable by the fluidizable material; contacting the fluidizable material to the layer of powder particles; and allowing the fluidizable material to wick between the powder particles and to contact the surface of the substrate.The method of the invention provides a method which requires little or no binders or organic solvents, is applicable to many different ceramic-metal formulations, allows easy control of the thickness of the tape, forms fairly dense tapes so that little or no shrinkage occurs upon densification at elevated temperatures, and does not require undesirably high processing temperatures.

Abstract: A composite comprised of reinforcement fibers having a continuous coating of a metal nitride wherein the metal is from the group consisting of silicon, aluminum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, and mixtures thereof, and a molten silicon infiltration formed silicon carbide matrix. The reinforcement fibers are fibers from the group consisting of elemental carbon, silicon carbide, and mixtures thereof. A method of forming the composite comprises depositing a continuous coating of the metal nitride on the fibers. A carbonaceous material is admixed with the coated fibers so that at least 5 volume percent of the mixture is the coated fibers. The mixture is formed into a preform having an open porosity ranging from about 25 volume percent to about 90 volume percent of the preform. The preform is heated in an inert atmosphere or partial vacuum, and infiltrated with molten silicon to produce an infiltrated product having the composition of the composite.

Abstract: A method for coating cloth especially fiberglass sheets with a thermosetting resin and resulting structure is provided. The coating is performed in two steps. In the first step, essentially all of the strands of the fiberglass are coated with the resin/solvent mixture while maintaining at least some of the interstices or openings essentially free of the solvent mixture. This first coating is then partially cured to between about 70% and 90% of full cure. The coated fiberglass with partially cured resin thereon is then given a second coating of either the same or different thermosetting resin mixture which coats the first coating and fills in the interstices between the fibers. This second coating is then partially cured, which advances the cure of the first coating past 80% full cure and results in an impregnated fiberglass cloth structure for use as sticker sheets.

Abstract: Composite nanoparticles comprising an elemental metal core surrounded by a metal-containing shell material are described wherein the particles have an average diameter of from about 5-500 nm; the core metal is preferably selected from the group consisting of the transition metals and especially Fe, Co and Ni, whereas the shell material is advantageously a metal such as an alkaline earth metal, or a metal salt such as a metal oxide or metal halide. The shell material is preferably more oxophilic than the elemental core material, enabling the core metal to remain purely metallic. These core/shell composite particles can be used to fabricate magnetizable recording media such as tapes and disks.

Abstract: Novel processes for fabricating metal matrix composites consisting of discontinuous reinforcing particles in a metal matrix are described. In one aspect, reinforcing particles are coated with a metal matrix material by means of chemical vapor deposition using a volatile metal-containing compound, followed by consolidation of the metal-coated particles. In another aspect, reinforcing particles are coated with a metal matrix material by means of electrochemical deposition of a metal, followed by consolidation of the metal-coated particles. In yet another aspect, reinforcing particles coated with a metal matrix material by one of the aforesaid methods are blended with metal or alloy particles not containing such reinforcement, then consolidated.

Abstract: Multi-functional materials which have a photocatalytic layer with a photocatalytic function disposed on the surface of a base through a binder layer 6 interposed therebetween. Photocatalytic particles of the photocatalytic layer are joined together by a surface energy or solid-state sintering. The photocatalytic layer may have a structure in which fine particles fill interstices defined between photocatalytic particles or a structure in which no fine particles fill interstices defined between photocatalytic particles. A metal such as Ag, Pt, or the like may be fixed or not fixed to surfaces of the photocatalytic particles.

Abstract: High efficiency cold dry plating method for forming an important and highly adherent polycrystalline structured zinc alloy film on metallic substrates by mechanical projection of a composite material.High efficiency cold dry plating method using a composite material described as iron nuclei particles encapsulated by zinc alloy, where the composite material contains 45 to 80% of zinc.Cold dry plating process giving improved yield and short treatment time with high amount of zinc strongly adherent on metallic surfaces.

Abstract: Purple pigments according to the invention based on a stovable support material, in particular a glass frit, having a coat applied by coprecipitation of an oxide hydrate of one or more elements from the range comprising Al, Si, Sn, Pb, Ti, Nb, Ta, Sc, Y, La, Ce and Zn and a water-insoluble gold compound or colloidal gold are distinguished from prior art pigments of a similar composition by improved color stability in high temperature firing. The pigments are obtainable in the aqueous phase by coprecipitation of an oxide hydrate and a gold compound or colloidal gold in the presence of a support material and in the absence of a reducing agent. Pigments containing gold compounds assume a purple color on heat treatment or by chemical reduction. Preferred pigments containing gold compounds, which may directly be used as decorative colorants, conveniently develop their color during firing of the decoration.

Abstract: A metallic composite solid, containing alloys and/or intermetallics, is formed by compacting at moderate pressure a mixture of powder particles, foils or sheets at a temperature close to room temperature, well below the melting temperature of the constituent components and without the addition of low melting metals such as mercury, indium or gallium acting as a sintering agent. This low temperature consolidation of the powder mixture is enhanced by having the surface oxide of the powder particles removed, prior to consolidation, and/or by coating the particles with an oxide-replacing metal such as silver or gold. The coating process may be replacement reactions, autocatalytic reduction or electrolytic reduction. The composite formation is assisted by the addition of a liquid acid such as fluoroboric acid, sulfuric acid, fluoric acid, adipic acid, ascorbic acid, or nitric acid.

Abstract: A method for providing an adherent, continuous, conformal, non-particulate coating of a compound of a metal or metalloid on the surface of individual phosphor particles. The method involves wetting each of the individual particles with a polymer solution including a polymer in a solvent base, the polymer being capable of chelating ions of the metal or metalloid. The particles then are dried to produce a continuous coating of the polymer on each of the individual particles. The polymer-coated phosphor particles are suspended in a solution containing ions of the metal or metalloid and having a pH of at least 9 to produce chelation of the metal or metalloid ions by the polymer coating, to produce the adherent, continuous, conformal, non-particulate, metal- or metalloid-compound coating on the particle surfaces. Also described are a method for improving lumen maintenance of a lamp, a coated phosphor powder, and a phosphor-coating composition for coating an inner surface of a lamp envelope.

Abstract: There is described a gas-component concentration sensor, a method of using the sensor, and a method of manufacturing a particular electrode of the sensor, wherein the sensor comprises:a first measurement chamber, an oxygen partial-pressure detection electrode in the first measurement chamber, a first oxygen-ion pump cell within and outside the first measurement such that in response to a voltage applied between the pair electrodes the cell pumps out oxygen to an extent such that a gas component such as NO.sub.x partially decomposes in said first measurement chamber in an amount of not more than 40 wt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing catalytic materials which comprises passing an aerosol comprising a mixture of metal powder and support through a plasma torch.

Abstract: A powder having metal oxide films on its surface is obtained in which the films have a heightened refractive index and which hence shows a high reflectance and has a bright color. A powder is obtained which has a reduced number of metal oxide films on the surf ace and hence has a small particle diameter. A powder having a multilayered film on the surface which comprises a base particle having on the surface thereof a multilayered film comprising at least a metal oxide film formed by the hydrolysis of a metal alkoxide, and in which the multilayered film has undergone a heat treatment.

Abstract: New solder compositions having enhanced mechanical properties are disclosed. Relatively inert particles having a diameter of 2000 nm or less are dispersed in a solder material having an average grain size of 500 nm or less to produce such solder compositions. The dispersed particles act as physical barriers substantially impeding the motion of grain boundaries and inhibiting grain growth during thermal and stress cycling which substantially inhibits coarsening. As a consequence, the solder composition exhibits an advantageous level of superplasticity that is substantially resistant to joint failure. Methods for forming articles using such solder compositions is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of silver coated particles useful as polymer fillers is provided. Copper coated, or copper particles are dispersed in an alkaline ammoniacal solution to remove impurities and activate the surfaces thereof. A combined completing and reducing agent is added. Finally, a solution containing silver ions is used to coat the particles with a uniform layer of silver.

Abstract: A electrically-conductive barium sulfate filler and a method for preparing same are herein disclosed and it comprises a particulate core material composed of barium sulfate provided thereon with a coating film of tin dioxide which may be optionally doped with niobium or tentalum, the bare core material free of coating film having a specific surface area ranging from 0.1 to 150 m.sup.2 /g and the film having a thickness ranging from 2 to 80 nm.

Abstract: A method of making a hard constituent powder coated with Co and/or Ni in a solution by liquid reduction of the Co and/or Ni from a suitable metal compound with a polyol while keeping the powder in suspension, the polyol functioning both as a solvent and as a reducing agent at the same time. By separating the intermediate solid compound and hard constituent from the suspension before any by-products are formed and reducing the intermediate solid compound in the dry state by H.sub.2 for around 24 hours or by using an excess of about 10 times more moles polyol than moles metal, the polyol can be conserved or reused leading to improved cost efficiency of the process.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided methods for enhancing the color of minerals useful as gemstones. Invention methods are relatively inexpensive to carry out, avoid the use of hazardous materials, and require no specialized equipment.

Abstract: One or more metal salts of at least one of Co, Ni and/or Fe is dissolved/suspended in water. To the solution/suspension is added at least one hard constituent powder to form a slurry. The solvent is evaporated, preferably by spray drying, and the resultant powder is heat treated in a reducing atmosphere. As a result, a coated hard constituent powder is obtained which, after addition of a pressing agent, can be compacted and sintered according to standard practice. In addition to or instead of said salt of Co, Ni and/or Fe, a soluble salt of Mo and/or W can be used.

Abstract: The invention relates to the encapsulation of Geldhart class C substrate powders with a coating of metal, binder, or sintering aid. Encapsulation is achieved using chemical vapor deposition techniques in a recirculating fast-fluidized or turbulent fluidization flow bed reactor. Thin, smooth, generally uniform, fully encapsulating coatings are produced on the fine substrate particles. The coated Geldhart class C particles, and products made therefrom, exhibit excellent improved physical properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for atomizing a dispersible liquid material or a mixture of dispersible liquid materials, characterized in that the dispersible liquid material (3) or the mixture is dispersed in the form of particles (7) by spraying at least one stream of solid particles (6) which are reactive as a result of their partial or total coating onto the material and the particles (7) are collected in a receiving medium.

Abstract: A method and resultant article are provided which optimize the adhesion of resin to the glass fibers in fiberglass cloth impregnated with a resin and also optimize the adhesion of the impregnated resin to metal sheets laminated to the resin-impregnated cloth. The fiberglass is treated in two or more passes. On the first pass, the fiberglass is impregnated with a first resin which is optimized for adherence to glass fibers and the coated resin is partially cured. In a last pass, the fiberglass is impregnated with a second resin, which is different from said first resin, and is optimized for bonding to metal. The second resin is then partially cured. The first and second resins are selected such that they form a bond with each other when cured.

Abstract: A method for coating cloth especially fiberglass sheets with a resin and resulting structure is provided. The coating is performed in two steps. In the first step, essentially all of the strands of the fiberglass are coated with the resin solvent mixture as well as most of the interstices or openings, although some of the interstices or openings have holes where the coating does not completely fill in. This first coating is then partially cured to the extent that it will not redissolve in a second coating of the same resin solution. The coated fiberglass with partially cured resin thereon is then given a second coating of the same resin mixture which coats the first coating and fills in any holes in the first coating. This second coating is then partially cured, which advances the cure of the first coating and results in an impregnated fiberglass cloth structure for use as sticker sheets. This substantially reduces pinholing.

Abstract: Silver metal-coated boron carbide (B.sub.4 C) particle reinforce aluminumthium alloy or magnesium-lithium matrix composites which are prepared by coating the B.sub.4 C particles with molten AgNO.sub.3, decomposing the molten AgNO.sub.3 to form a coating of silver metal on the B.sub.4 C particles, mixing the silver coated B.sub.4 C particles into a molten aluminum-lithium alloy or magnesium-lithium alloy matrix, allowing the mixture to cool and solidify the solid composite.

Abstract: Multi-functional materials are classified into those which have a photocatalytic layer 2 with a photocatalytic function directly disposed on the surface of a base 1 and those which have a photocatalytic layer 2 with a photocatalytic function disposed on the surface of a base 1 through a binder layer 6 interposed therebetween. Photocatalytic particles of the photocatalytic layer 2 are joined together by a surface energy or solid-state sintering. The photocatalytic layer 2 may have a structure in which fine particles fill interstices defined between photocatalytic particles or a structure in which no fine particles fill interstices defined between photocatalytic particles. A metal such as Ag, Pt, or the like may be fixed or not fixed to surfaces of the photocatalytic particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing a hydrogen storage alloy low in cobalt content which can restrains a decrease in cycle life characteristic and preservation characteristic of an alkaline storage battery when the alloy is used as a negative electrode. The method includes the following steps. An Mm-Ni system hydrogen storage alloy which has a crystal structure of CaCu.sub.5 and contains 15 atom % or less of cobalt is powdered to have an average particle diameter of 10-100 .mu.m. Then, the powdered alloy is immersed in a treatment solution at 80.degree.-130.degree. C., the treatment solution comprising an alkaline aqueous solution containing 10 g/l or more of lithium hydroxide and having a specific gravity of 1.1 or higher, and cobalt ions which is contained in the alkaline aqueous solution, thereby forming a layer containing nickel and cobalt in higher concentration than in the bulk of the powdered alloy onto the alloy surface.

Abstract: A semiconductor catalyst is metalized in situ on a reaction support surface by illuminating at least a portion of the catalyst in the presence of a suitable source of metal to selectively deposit the metal on the illuminated portions. The source of metal can be applied to the reaction support surface either with the catalyst or separately, but is not attached to the catalyst until the structure is illuminated. This causes the metal to be deposited where the catalyst will be illuminated during use and therefore where photopromoted catalytic degradation can occur.

Abstract: A method and system for repairing and restoring chipped and scratched regions of an automotive body, the damage being characterized by recesses in the exterior, involves the use of color-matched paint repair material, and includes the steps of cleaning the recesses, coating the recesses and adjacent area with a lubricating agent that also will retard the ability of the repair material to bond with surfaces of the damaged region. The paint-repair material is deposited on undamaged surfaces adjacent the recesses, and then a blade comprised of a soft resilient plastic material is slidably moved over the damaged region to spread and move the deposited paint over the damaged region causing the paint-material to be deposited in the recesses and to remove most of the excess material from the undamaged surfaces adjacent to the recesses. After a short drying interval, final steps include wiping away excess repair material soft cloth wetted with a suitable solvent.

Abstract: Ferrous powder particles are coated with vaporized phosphorus in a fluid-bed reactor to obtain homogeneous coatings of phosphorus. The coated powders are useful feed for pressed structural parts, exhibiting improved green density, compressibility and sintered density thus improving magnetic and tensile properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a Mg-based composite material by using Mg or a Mg alloy as the matrix and utilizing a spontaneous infiltration phenomenon. This process comprises the step of bringing a powder mixture composed of a reinforcing agent and a infiltration agent into contact with a molten matrix metal comprising Mg or a Mg alloy, so as to cause the molten matrix metal to infiltrate into the powder mixture. The present invention also relates to a process for producing a Mg-based composite material which comprises the steps of forming a preform composed of a reinforcing agent and a infiltration agent and causing a molten matrix metal comprising Mg or a Mg alloy to infiltrate into the preform.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a carbon composite electrode material which comprises coating the surface of core carbon particles with high crystallinity with a film containing a element of Group VIII metal and depositing and/or covering the surface of resulting coated carbon particles with a carbon material to be formed upon pyrolysis of a hydrocarbon or its derivative.

Abstract: A colored titanium flake having a flat, smooth surface, the flake including a coherent oxide layer formed on its surface, and the thickness of the coherent oxide layer being 100 to 1000 .ANG., a process for preparing the colored titanium flakes and a resin composition containing the colored titanium flakes.

Abstract: A vehicle masking material and method of use. The masking material in one embodiment includes polyvinyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, a plasticizer, a surfactant composition including a functional derivative of a fluorinated alkyl chain, and water. The masking material is applied to a surface which is to be protected from paint overspray or other mechanical process, allowed to dry, and paint is applied. After drying of the paint, the masking material is removed by peeling or water washing.

Abstract: Composite particles suitable as conductive filler for electrically conductive compositions which can be used as gaskets, caulking and plastics, for example. The compositions are, useful as EMI shielding and electrostatic charge dissipation materials. Methods of making and using the foregoing are also covered.

Abstract: A reinforcing fiber of the non-oxide ceramic type or of carbon to be used in the manufacture of a composite material with a glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic matrix, which composite exhibits good oxidative stability, is treated using a process comprising the steps consisting of: if necessary, oxidizing the fiber superficially or depositing thereon a layer of the same composition but including oxygen; placing the fiber in a chemical vapor deposition vessel; carrying out a pre-treatment at a temperature of 850.degree. to 1250.degree. C., in the presence of hydrogen, at a pressure of 50 to 300 mbar; injecting a mixture of neutral carrier gas and ammonia; stopping the injection and adjusting the pressure to a value of 1 to 10 mbar; injecting AlCl.sub.3 in a neutral diluting gas; producing on the fiber a deposit of AlN by simultaneously injecting a mixture of AlCl.sub.3 and a neutral carrier gas, and a mixture of NH.sub.

Abstract: An interference pigment comprising a platelet-shaped substrate coated with titanium dioxide and additionally oxidic compounds of copper and manganese, whereby the pigment powder color is dark gray.

Abstract: Encapsulated particles, such as magnetic particles, colored pigments, or carbon black, with high chemical affinity for ink vehicles. The encapsulated particles of this invention are suitable for printing inks, as well as for magnetic recording systems, such as audio and video tapes and magnetic storage disks, when the encapsulated particles are magnetic particles. The encapsulated particles comprise particles having a coating on their surface, said coating comprising in one embodiment an ionomer and in another embodiment, an oil, such as soya oil, and optionally a thixotropic agent, and/or a binder resin. The method of the present invention for making such encapsulated particles avoids the use of volatile organic solvents and provides printing inks and coating compositions comprising such encapsulated particles, that also avoid the use of volatile organic solvents.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a process for producing Co-coated acicular magnetite particles each comprising:acicular magnetite particle as the core particle;a lower coating layer of Co-containing spinel ferrite having a spinel structure, which is formed on the surface of said acicular magnetite particle; andan upper coating layer of Co- and Mg-containing spinel ferrite having a spinel structure, which is formed on said lower coating layer.

Abstract: A method or forming binderless clad powders using a high energy ball mill, preferably an attritor-type ball mill, is described. The binderless clad powders are formed by combining and processing a core material powder and a coating material (either a powder with significantly smaller particle size than the core material powder or a brittle material that will quickly form a powder with significantly smaller particle size than the core material powder) in a high energy ball mill for a relatively short time (generally less than one hour). The processing time employed is such that the particle size of the core material powder is not significantly reduced but that the clad powders are formed. At least one of the two materials (i.e., core forming material or coating forming material) must be deformable within the high energy ball mill. Such binderless clad powders are suitable for use as thermal spray powders and which can be thermally sprayed to form coatings on a various substrates.

Abstract: Luster pigments based on multiply coated plateletlike metallic substrates comprisingA) a first layer consisting essentially of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and/or aluminum oxide hydrate,B) a second layer consisting essentially of metal and/or nonselectively absorbing metal oxide, andC) if desired, a third layer consisting essentially of colorless or selectively absorbing metal oxide.

Abstract: Purple colors based on colloidal gold on stovable substrates and the use thereof for the production of purple decoration on glass, ceramics and porcelain are known. The production of such purple colors is elaborate.Agents according to the invention should be viewed as pigment precursors, wherein the pigment is formed during firing of the decoration. The agents contain a gold compound, with the exception of gold oxide, which may be decomposed to colloidal gold on firing of the decoration and a finely divided glass flux in a weight ratio of gold to glass flux of between 1:10 and 1:2,000. Preferred agents contain HAuCl.sub.4, Au.sub.2 S.sub.3, AuCN or KAu(CN).sub.2 as the gold compound and a lead-free glass frit as the glass flux.The agents may be obtained by grinding the glass flux with a gold compound.Purple decoration is obtained by applying the agent to the substrate to be decorated and storing at 400.degree. to 1,050.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention is directed to fabrication of electrochemically active material prepared by coating non- to low-conductive particles of a metal hydroxide or metal oxide powder with a metal using a electroless coating process. The cell design and electrode formulations provide for individual operation of a vented or low pressure sealed cell and/or for operation of these cells in a stacked array in an outer battery housing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are magnetic iron oxide particles which have a spindle shape and a substantially uniform particle size and shape, and are substantially free of dendrites and have a large axial ratio (major axial diameter/minor axial diameter) and an excellent print-through characteristic, and a method of producing the same.

Abstract: A photocatalyst composite is provided which comprise a substrate having particles of a photocatalyst such as titanium oxide, adhered thereon via a less degradative adhesive such as a fluorinated polymer comprising a copolymer of a vinyl ester and/or vinyl ether and a fluoroolefin, or a silicon based polymer or cement. Furthermore, a process for producing the photocatalyst composite and a coating composition containing the photocatalyst composite are provided.

Abstract: A process for the production of hard materials wherein hard constituent powders are coated with cobalt and/or nickel metal in solution by reducing the metals from a suitable compound such as an oxide, hydroxide or salt with a polyol while keeping the powder in suspension. The polyol functions both as a solvent and a reducing agent at the same time and is present in an amount of at least 5 times more moles polyol than moles metal. There is obtained an even distribution of the cobalt and/or nickel over the surface of the hard constituent powder without the formation of islands of pure metal.

Abstract: A composition comprising: (1) a susceptor of magnetically coupled radio frequency energy comprising a non-magnetic particulate substrate, e.g., an electrically insulative material in particulate form, bearing a thin magnetic coating, e.g., a magnetic inorganic film, and (2) a matrix that is substantially non-reflective of radio frequency energy, e.g., silicone rubber, which matrix can be heated upon the composition's being subjected to magnetically coupled radio frequency energy. It has been discovered that thin magnetic coatings on non-magnetic particles provide energy transfer with induction heaters equal to or better than many commonly used solid susceptor particles. It has also been discovered that the temperature of the composition of this invention can be regulated so as not to exceed a predetermined temperature.