Abstract: The invention is an improved method of making an improved carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membrane in which a precursor polymer (e.g., polyimide) is pyrolyzed at a pyrolysis temperature to form a CMS membrane that is cooled to ambient temperature (about 40° C. or 30° C. to about 20° C.). The CMS membrane is then reheated to a reheating temperature of at least 250° C. to 400° C. to form the improved CMS membrane. The CMS have a novel microstructure as determined by Raman spectroscopy. The improved CMS membranes have shown an improved combination of selectivity and permeance as well as stability for separating light hydrocarbon gas molecules such as C1 to C6 hydrocarbon gases (e.g., methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, propylene, butane, butylene).

Abstract: A brake disk or drum has at least one working surface which opposes a braking member such as a brake pad or shoe. A plurality of spaced, raised island formations are provided across the working surface, with channels extending between the island formations. Each raised island formation has an outer surface which contacts a brake pad or brake shoe during braking.

Abstract: Systems and methods for weaving helical carbon fabrics with minimum fiber crimp are provided herein. In various embodiments, small denier natural or synthetic yarns are used in the warp direction to interlace the carbon fiber wefts with minimum deformation. Specific weave designs are used in combination with the small denier yarn to maintain the primary carbon fiber weft and warp un-crimped.

Abstract: A method of forming a composite article may include impregnating an inorganic fiber porous preform with a first slurry composition. The slurry composition includes particles, a solvent, and a pre-gellant material. Gelling of the pre-gellant material in the slurry composition is initiated to substantially immobilize the particles and yield a gelled article. The method also includes impregnating the gelled article with a second solution that includes a high char-yielding component, and pyrolyzing the high char-yielding component to yield carbon and form a green composite article. The green composite article is then infiltrated with a molten metal or alloy infiltrant to form the composite article. The molten infiltrant reacts with carbon, and the final composite article may include less residual metal or alloy than a composite article formed without using the second solution.

Abstract: Adhesive compositions that contain thermally conductive carbon-based materials that are also electrically insulated; methods for using such adhesive compositions and methods for their preparation.

Abstract: An embodiment of an article includes a substrate and a conformal coating. The conformal coating includes a first particulate layer between a first matrix layer and a second matrix layer. The first particulate layer includes a first plurality of ordered inorganic particles spaced and distributed substantially uniformly throughout the first particulate layer, and a ceramic matrix material disposed between individual ones of the first plurality of particles.

Abstract: A method for making artificial graphite includes placing a graphene film on a surface of a base, to obtain a graphene film/base composite structure. The graphene film includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and the second surface is in direct contact with the surface of the base. The graphene film/base composite structure is placed in a reaction chamber, and a carbon layer is formed on the first surface of the graphene film, to obtain a carbon layer/graphene film/base composite structure. The carbon layer/graphene film/base composite structure is graphitized in an inert gas environment or a vacuum environment to obtain artificial graphite.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cyclone (10) for mechanical separation of particles in suspension in a gas, in particular intended for a fluid catalytic cracking unit, said cyclone comprising the following elements: a separation chamber (101), an inlet duct (102) that opens into the chamber (101), a gas outlet duct (103) located in the upper portion of the chamber (101) and a particle outlet duct (104) located in the lower portion of the chamber (101), characterized in that each element of the cyclone is made of a ceramic material. The invention also relates to a fluid catalytic cracking unit equipped with at least one cyclone made of ceramic material.

Abstract: A functionalized nanomaterial, such as a nanoparticle, can include a polythioaminal functionalized surface. The polythioaminal linked to the surface of the nanomaterial can be bonded to a compound such as therapeutic and/or diagnostic materials. The thiol-based linkages can be used to bond the polythioaminal to both the nanomaterial and the therapeutic and/or diagnostic materials. Polythioaminals can be prepared via reactions of triazine and dithiols. Polythioaminals thus prepared can be further modified to provide linkages to the nanomaterial and other compounds such as medicinal compound, peptides, and dyes. Nanomaterials including such compounds linked thereto via the polythioaminal can be supplied for therapeutic and/or diagnostic purposes to biological target regions.

Abstract: An electronic component package structure and an electronic device are provided. The electronic component package structure includes at least: a substrate having a set attachment area for attaching an electronic component; a conductive lid having a top and a sidewall that extends toward the substrate, where one side of the sidewall close to the substrate has a bonding end, where the bonding end bonds the conductive lid to the substrate by using a non-conductive adhesive, and the conductive lid bonded to the substrate encloses the attachment area and forms a shielding space over the attachment area; and the non-conductive adhesive is located between the substrate and the bonding end, and has a dielectric constant not less than 7 and a coating thickness not greater than 0.07 millimeters (mm). With the present invention, an Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding effect of the shielding space can be improved.

Abstract: A method of forming a graphitic carbon body employs compression and resistance heating of a stock blend of a carbon material and a binder material. During molding of the body, resistance heating is accompanied by application of mechanical pressure to increase the density and carbonization of the resulting preform body. The preform can then be subjected to a graphitization temperature to form a graphite article.

Abstract: This invention relates to non-precious metal fuel cell cathode catalysts, fuel cells that contain these catalysts, and methods of making the same. The fuel cell cathode catalysts are highly nitrogenated carbon materials that can contain a transition metal. The highly nitrogenated carbon materials can be supported on a nanoparticle substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for producing a roll-shaped carbonaceous film by polymer pyrolyzis while suppressing the occurrence of fusion bonding in the roll-shaped carbonaceous film. The carbonaceous film production method includes the step of heat-treating a polymer film wound into a roll, wherein, at a temperature equal to or higher than the pyrolyzis onset temperature of the polymer film but equal to or lower than a temperature at which the weight of the polymer film is reduced by 40% as compared to that before heat treatment, the roll-shaped polymer film has (2-1) a gap between layers of the polymer film so that a value determined for the whole roll-shaped polymer film by dividing the thickness of the gap between adjacent layers of the polymer film (Ts) by the thickness of the polymer film (Tf) (Ts/Tf) satisfies a relationship of 0.33?Ts/Tf?1.

Abstract: Ceramic nanocomposites and methods for manufacturing the ceramic nanocomposites are disclosed. One method includes introducing to a fired green ceramic body having a ceramic matrix submicron particles having coefficient of thermal expansion lower than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the ceramic matrix and at least one type of location-controlling dopant at an amount that is sufficient to cover the majority of the ceramic matrix grain boundaries. One ceramic nanocomposite includes a ceramic matrix with submicron particles dispersed in the ceramic matrix, the submicron particles having a coefficient of thermal expansion lower than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the ceramic matrix and at least one dopant that covers the majority of the ceramic matrix grain boundaries, at a concentration that does not exceed the bulk solubility limit of the dopant in the ceramic matrix at the ceramic nanocomposite sintering temperature.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method of forming a shape conforming material is disclosed that in one non-limiting embodiment may include: providing a base shape memory material having a glass transition temperature; and adding a selected amount of heat transfer nanoparticles to the base shape conforming material to provide the shape conforming material. In one aspect, the heat transfer nanoparticles include a core and a shell, wherein the core has a melting point below the glass transition temperature of the base shape memory material and the melting point of the shell.

Abstract: Methods of producing continuous boron carbide fibers. The method comprises reacting a continuous carbon fiber material and a boron oxide gas within a temperature range of from approximately 1400° C. to approximately 2200° C. Continuous boron carbide fibers, continuous fibers comprising boron carbide, and articles including at least a boron carbide coating are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing a high-density fiber reinforced ceramic composite material, including the steps of: 1) impregnating a fiber preform material multi-coated with pyrolytic carbon and silicon carbide to form impregnated fiber reinforced plastic composite material; 2)carbonizing the impregnated fiber reinforced plastic composite material to form carbonized fiber composite material; 3) a primary reaction-sintering of the fiber composite material; 4) cooling the primarily reaction-sintered fiber composite material down to room temperature and then impregnating the primarily reaction-sintered fiber composite material with a solution in which a polymer precursor for producing silicon carbide (SiC) is dissolved in a hexane (n-hexane) solvent; and 5) a secondary reaction-sintering of the fiber composite material; and a high-density fiber reinforced ceramic composite material manufactured using the method.

Abstract: A process for preparing a carbon-carbon composite including the steps of: (a) providing a curable low viscosity aromatic epoxy resin liquid formulation, wherein the formulation has a neat viscosity of less than 10,000 mPa-s at 25° C. prior to adding optional components, prior to curing, and prior to carbonizing; and wherein the formulation being cured has a carbon yield of at least 35 wt % disregarding the weight of the carbon matrix and any optional components present in the composition; (b) contacting a carbon matrix with the formulation of step (a); (c) curing the contacted carbon matrix of step (b); and (d) carbonizing the cured carbon matrix of step (c) to form a carbon-carbon composite; and a carbon-carbon composite made by the process.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for method and systems effective to at least partially alter a defect in a layer including graphene. In some examples, the methods may include receiving the layer on a substrate where the layer includes at least some graphene and at least some defect areas in the graphene. The defect areas may reveal exposed areas of the substrate. The methods may also include reacting the substrate under sufficient reaction conditions to produce at least one cationic area in at least one of the exposed areas. The methods may further include adhering graphene oxide to the at least one cationic area to produce a graphene oxide layer. The methods may further include reducing the graphene oxide layer to produce at least one altered defect area in the layer.

Abstract: A method of forming graphene comprises supplying energy to at least a portion of an organic material monolayer disposed on a substrate. The energy is sufficient to carbonize the at least a portion of the monolayer exposed thereto to form a layer of graphene on the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of fabricating a composite material part comprising fiber reinforcement densified by a matrix, the method comprising the steps of: making a fiber preform consolidated by impregnating (S4) a fiber texture made up of yarns with a liquid consolidation composition containing a precursor for a consolidating material, and by transforming (S7) the precursor into consolidating material by pyrolysis so as to obtain a consolidated preform that is held in shape; and densifying (S8) the consolidated fiber preform by chemical vapor infiltration; the method being characterized in that it includes, prior to impregnation (S4) of the fiber texture with the consolidation liquid composition, a step of filling (S2) the pores of the yarns of said fiber texture by means of a filler composition.

Abstract: A composite carbon material of negative electrode in lithium ion, which is made of composite graphite, includes a spherical graphite and a cover layer, wherein the cover layer is pyrolytic carbon of organic substance. Inserted transition metal elements are contained between layers of graphite crystal. Preparation of the negative electrode includes the steps of: crushing graphite, shaping to form a spherical shape, purifying treatment, washing, dewatering and drying, dipped in salt solution doped by transition metal in multivalence, mixed with organic matter, covering treatment, and carbonizing treatment or graphitization treatment. The negative electrode provides advantages of reversible specific capacity larger than 350 mAh/g, coulomb efficiency higher than 94% at first cycle, conservation rate for capacity larger than 8-% in 500 times of circulation.

Abstract: A continuous process for manufacturing a porous material is provided. The process includes the steps of mixing a non-ionic surfactant with a precursor of a carbonaceous material to form a mixture comprising a continuous phase and a liquid crystalline mesophase comprising the non-ionic surfactant, wherein the precursor is essentially located in the continuous phase, coating or depositing the mixture onto a non-woven substrate, drying or heating the mixture, and converting the precursor to form a polymer.

Abstract: A rapid, scalable methodology for graphene dispersion and concentration with a polymer-organic solvent medium, as can be utilized without centrifugation, to enhance graphene concentration.

Abstract: A method of preparing a fuel cell electrode catalyst by preparing a platinum-carbon core-shell composite, which has a platinum nanoparticle core and a graphene carbon shell, using a simultaneous evaporation process, a method for preparing a fuel cell electrode comprising the catalyst prepared thereby, and a fuel cell comprising the same. A fuel cell comprising an electrode catalyst consisting of the core-shell composite prepared by simultaneously evaporating the platinum precursor and the organic precursor can have high performance and high durability, because the platinum particles are not agglomerated or detached and corroded even under severe conditions, including high-temperature, long use term, acidic and alkaline conditions.

Abstract: Provided is a separation membrane manufacturing method capable of easily manufacturing a dense separation membrane. The separation membrane manufacturing method comprises a membrane forming step of forming a separation membrane precursor containing a separation membrane precursor solution on the surface of cells formed in a porous monolith substrate; and a drying step of performing ventilation drying by passing hot air through the cells having the separation membrane precursor in the monolith substrate to dry the separation membrane precursor. During the ventilation drying in the drying step, the temperature of the monolith substrate having the separation membrane precursor is raised to 90° C. within 15 minutes from the start of the passing of the hot air at such a rate of temperature rise that an average rate of temperature rise is 7° C./min or more from the start of the passing of the hot air until the temperature reaches 90° C.

Abstract: A technique of forming a carbon-carbon composite material includes infusing a liquid carbonizable precursor into a porous preform, and the infused precursor is subsequently pyrolyzed to convert the precursor to isotropic carbon. The preform then can be densified with a densifying agent, followed by infusion of the liquid carbonizable precursor into the densified preform. In some examples, after pyrolyzing the liquid carbonizable precursor, isotropic carbon extends substantially throughout a volume of the carbon-carbon composite material.

Abstract: This disclosure includes a process that unexpectedly can produce very inexpensive graphene, functionalized graphenes, and a new compound called graphenol in particulate or dispersions in solvents. The process can also produce graphene layers on metallic and nonmetallic substrates. Further, the graphenol, functionalized graphenes, and graphene can be utilized to form nanocomposites that yield property improvements exceeding anything reported previously.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing a separation membrane The process for producing the separation membrane includes a membrane forming step of passing a precursor solution of the separation membrane through cells of a monolith substrate to form a separation membrane precursor made of the precursor solution 31 on the surfaces of the cells; and then a cell suction step of sucking the insides of the cells from open ends of the cells in a first end face of the monolith substrate, to suck and remove an excess portion of the precursor solution which is present in the cells.

Abstract: A finish for acrylic fiber to be processed into carbon fiber includes an ester compound having at least three ester groups in its molecule and a silicone compound, wherein the silicone compound constitutes 10 to 50 weight percent of the whole of the nonvolatile matter of the finish. A method of manufacturing carbon fiber includes the processes of applying the finish for acrylic fiber to be processed into carbon fiber to acrylic fiber to be processed into carbon fiber; oxidative-stabilizing the finish-applied acrylic fiber in an oxidizing atmosphere at 200 to 300 deg. C. to convert the fiber into oxidized fiber; and carbonizing the oxidized fiber in an inert atmosphere at 200 to 3000 deg. C.

Abstract: A process for producing a unitary graphene material, comprising: (a) preparing a graphene oxide (GO) gel having GO molecules dissolved in a fluid medium wherein the GO molecules contain higher than 20% by weight of oxygen; (b) dispensing and depositing a layer of GO gel onto a surface of a substrate to form a layer of deposited GO gel thereon, wherein the dispensing and depositing procedure includes shear-induced thinning; (c) removing the fluid medium from the deposited GO gel to form a GO layer having an inter-plane spacing d002 of 0.4 nm to 1.2 nm as determined by X-ray diffraction; and (d) heat treating the GO layer to form the unitary graphene material at a heat treatment temperature higher than 100° C. to an extent that d002 is decreased to a value of 0.3354 nm to 0.4 nm and the oxygen content is decreased to less than 5% by weight.

Abstract: A method of forming graphene comprises supplying energy to at least a portion of an organic material monolayer disposed on a substrate. The energy is sufficient to carbonize the at least a portion of the monolayer exposed thereto to form a layer of graphene on the substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a carbon membrane including dipping a porous support in a suspension of a phenolic resin or a suspension of a phenolic resin precursor, drying the resulting support to form a membrane made of the phenolic resin or the phenolic resin precursor, and heat treating and thereby carbonizing the resulting membrane into a carbon membrane.

Abstract: A unitary graphene layer or graphene single crystal containing closely packed and chemically bonded parallel graphene planes having an inter-graphene plane spacing of 0.335 to 0.40 nm and an oxygen content of 0.01% to 10% by weight, which unitary graphene layer or graphene single crystal is obtained from heat-treating a graphene oxide gel at a temperature higher than 100° C., wherein the average mis-orientation angle between two graphene planes is less than 10 degrees, more typically less than 5 degrees. The molecules in the graphene oxide gel, upon drying and heat-treating, are chemically interconnected and integrated into a unitary graphene entity containing no discrete graphite flake or graphene platelet. This graphene monolith exhibits a combination of exceptional thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, surface smoothness, surface hardness, and scratch resistance unmatched by any thin-film material of comparable thickness range.

Abstract: Provided are a process for economically preparing a graphene shell having a desired configuration which is applicable in various fields wherein in the process the thickness of the graphene shell can be controlled, and a graphene shell prepared by the process.

Abstract: An example of a nanoballoon thermal protection system includes a refractory ceramic foam having carbide balloons. The foam has a closed cell structure not allowing liquid to penetrate through the foam. Each of the carbide balloons is hollow and has a diameter greater than 0 nm and less than 900 nm. Each of the carbide balloons includes a refractory carbide. In addition, a vehicle with thermal shield includes a surface and a first and second nanoballoon closed cell foam coatings. Each of the foam coatings has a melting point temperature greater than 1000° C. and a density less than 85%. Each of the foam coatings has hollow balloons having a diameter less than 900 nm. Each of the foam coatings includes a closed cell structure not allowing liquid to penetrate through the respective coating. Methods for manufacturing a nanoballoon system and a nanoballoon thermal protection system are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing a carbon material based on an organic nanofilm using thermal evaporation, including: depositing a liquid polymer or polymer solution containing a polymer and a solvent onto a substrate, thereby forming an organic nanofilm; stabilizing the organic nanofilm so that the carbon atoms in the organic nanofilm have a cyclic arrangement; and carbonizing the stabilized organic nanofilm, thereby forming a carbon material, wherein the organic nanofilm is formed from the liquid polymer or polymer solution through a thermal evaporation process. The method provides a carbon material with a thickness, sheet resistance and surface roughness suitable for various applications and allows control thereof. In addition, the method uses a relatively inexpensive starting material, pitch, thereby reducing the overall production cost, and avoids a need for a complicated additional patterning operation, so that the carbon material is applied directly to electronic devices.

Abstract: Methods and compositions relate to manufacturing a carbonaceous article from particles that have pitch coatings. Heating the particles that are formed into a shape of the article carbonizes the pitch coatings. The particles interconnect with one another due to being formed into the shape of the article and are fixed together where the pitch coatings along adjoined ones of the particles contact one another and are carbonized to create the article.

Abstract: A carbon membrane structure includes: a cylindrical porous support body provided with a plurality of cells extending from one end face to the other end face and functioning as fluid passages, and a carbon membrane disposed on the surface side of the cells formed in the porous support body. The plurality of cells are formed so that a distance from one cell to another cell adjacent to the one cell in a cross section perpendicular to a cell extension direction of the porous support body 1 is 0.60 mm or more. The carbon membrane structure shows very excellent separation performance by the carbon membrane.

Abstract: A method of preparing a carbon-carbon composite fiber and a carbon heater manufactured using the same are provided. The method may include providing a support, weaving a carbon fiber onto the support, forming a mixed solution containing a carbon precursor and an organic solvent, and immersing the carbon fiber into the mixed solution. The support may include a polymer having a melting point of about 250° C. or less, or a polymer having a functional group which does not react with a hydroxyl group (—OH).

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of use thereof for the production of carbon-based and other nanostructures, as well as fuels and reformed products, are provided.

Abstract: The method of laser surface treating pre-prepared zirconia surfaces provides for applying an organic resin in a thin, uniform film to a zirconia surface; maintaining the resin-coated zirconia surface in a controlled chamber at approximately 8 bar pressure at a temperature of approximately 175 degrees Centigrade for approximately 2 hours; heating the resin-coated zirconia surface to approximately 400 degrees Centigrade in an inert gas atmosphere, thereby converting the organic resin to carbon; and irradiating the carbon-coated zirconia surface with a laser beam while applying nitrogen under pressure, thereby forming a zirconium carbonitride coating.

Abstract: A tubular body includes a tubular fiber-reinforced carbonaceous substrate and an SiC layer. The tubular fiber-reinforced carbonaceous substrate includes an aggregate formed of ceramic fibers, and a carbonaceous material filled in interstices between the ceramic fibers. The SiC layer is formed at least on an outer surface of the tubular fiber-reinforced carbonaceous substrate in which silicon atoms are diffused from a boundary region between the fiber-reinforced carbonaceous substrate and the SiC layer to an inside of the fiber-reinforced carbonaceous substrate.

Abstract: The method of carbo-nitriding alumina surfaces is a process for applying a carbo-nitride coating to an alumina or alumina-based composite surface. The method involves the step of applying a phenolic resin to the alumina surface in a thin, uniform film. The resin-coated alumina surface is maintained in a controlled chamber at about 8 bar pressure at a temperature of about 175° C. for about 2 hours. The surface is then heated at about 400° C. for several hours in an argon atmosphere. This converts the phenolic resin to carbon. The carbon coated alumina surface is then scanned by a laser beam while applying nitrogen under pressure. The end result is the conversion of the alumina at the surface to aluminum carbo-nitride, the oxygen being released in the form of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The invention provides nanostructure composite porous silicon and carbon materials, and also provides carbon nanofiber arrays having a photonic response in the form of films or particles. Composite materials or carbon nanofiber arrays of the invention are produced by a templating method of the invention, and the resultant nanomaterials have a predetermined photonic response determined by the pattern in the porous silicon template, which is determined by etching conditions for forming the porous silicon. Example nanostructures include rugate filters, single layer structures and double layer structures. In a preferred method of the invention, a carbon precursor is introduced into the pores of a porous silicon film. Carbon is then formed from the carbon precursor.

Abstract: A method for making a diaphragm is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: providing a carbon nanotube film structure; soaking the carbon nanotube film structure with a polymer; and carbonizing the carbon nanotube film structure infiltrated in the polymer, the polymer being carbonized to an amorphous carbon structure.

Abstract: Poly(hydridocarbyne) (PHC) is synthesized by a hybrid, active-metal/electrochemical method by applying a voltage to the electrodes at least one of which is an active-metal, the electrodes being immersed in a trisubstituted halomethane solution. The active-metal electrode and halomethane solution both partake in the electrochemical reaction.

Abstract: A process for producing silicon-containing CMC articles. The process entails producing a matrix slurry composition that contains at least one resin binder and a SiC powder. The SiC powder is a precursor for a SiC matrix of the CMC article and the resin binder is a precursor for a carbon char of the matrix. A fiber reinforcement material is impregnated with the slurry composition to yield a preform, which is then heated to form a porous preform that contains the SiC matrix and porosity and to convert the resin binder to the carbon char that is present within the porosity. Melt infiltration of the porosity is then performed with molten silicon or a molten silicon-containing alloy to react the carbon char and form silicon carbide that at least partially fills the porosity within the porous preform. The carbon char constitutes essentially all of the elemental carbon in the porous preform.

Abstract: A method of controlling power applied to an induction coil assembly used for densifying porous articles with a liquid matrix precursor. The control of applied power addresses dynamic changes in the electrical characteristics of the porous article being densified as it becomes denser. In particular, the power applied is controlled in accordance with changes in resonant frequency of the coupled system of the induction heating system and the porous article.

Abstract: A material composite has at least one region of copper or a copper alloy, at least one region of a predominantly graphitic material, and at least one boundary region between them. The boundary region has one or more carbides from the group of the IVb, Vb, VIb transition metals and one or more elements of the group consisting of Si, B, Al, Ge, Mn, Sn. In a preferred implementation of the invention, the composite is produced with a back-casting process.