Abstract: An ablative composition and methods of forming ablative structures are provided that improve char during ablation, prevent combustion during ablation, and which reduce moisture absorption of low temperature ablative (LTA) materials. The ablative composition comprises an intumescent material such as ammonium polyphosphate (APP) that is disposed within an LTA material at the outer surface of the ablative composition. The intumescent material may also be added in increasing amounts throughout the LTA material such that a gradient of intumescent material is formed near the outer surface of the ablative composition for the required amount of thermal protection. Both the LTA material and the intumescent material are applied to a substrate, or an aerospace vehicle structure, preferably in layers using methods such as spray forming or hand troweling.

Abstract: Molds are fabricated having a substrate of high density, high strength ultrafine grained isotropic graphite, and having a mold cavity coated with pyrolytic graphite. The molds may be made by making the substrate (main body) of high density, high strength ultrafine grained isotropic graphite, by, for example, isostatic or vibrational molding, machining the substrate to form the mold cavity, and coating the mold cavity with pyrolytic graphite via a chemical deposition process. The molds may be used to make various metallic alloys such as nickel, cobalt and iron based superalloys, stainless steel alloys, titanium alloys and titanium aluminide alloys into engineering components by melting the alloys in a vacuum or under a low partial pressure of inert gas and subsequently casting the melt in the graphite molds under vacuum or low partial pressure of inert gas.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the electrothermal field and in particular to the resistive heating elements on the basis of the glass-fibre textile with the pyrocarbon coating and may be used for the production of the heating elements in heaters for both industrial and domestic applications. For obtaining the electrically conducting textile with the wide range of resistance and for broadening its sphere of application, as well as lowering the deposition temperature and retaining low scattering of the resistance along the whole field of the textile, the said textile contains 0.2-15% weight of pyrocarbon of turbostrate structure with hydrogen content up to 2% weight and with density of 0.8-1.5 g/cm3, and 86.0-99.8% weight of glass-fibre textile with the softening temperature at least 650° C. The raw hydrocarbon materials used for pyrocarbon production are hydrocarbon oils with the viscosity of 8 to 23 sSt, which are preliminarily heated to 350-450° C.

Abstract: Methods for making various nickel based superalloys into engineering components such as rings, tubes and pipes by melting of the alloys in a vacuum or under a low partial pressure of inert gas and subsequent centrifugal casting of the melt in the graphite molds rotating along its own axis under vacuum or low partial pressure of inert gas are provided. The molds have been fabricated by machining high density, high strength ultrafine grained isotropic graphite, wherein the graphite has been made by isostatic pressing or vibrational molding.

Abstract: Silica-based refractories are impregnated with protective material that is more resistant towards attack by corrosive species. The protective material coats the surface of the refractory matrix and fills some of the cavity volume of its pores, crevices, surfaces imperfections and irregularities. The protective material is positioned by impregnating the refractory with a precursor which, under the input of energy, is converted into the corrosion resistant protective material.

Abstract: The invention provides for oxidatively resistant silicon carbide coated carbon/carbon composites, a method for the preparation of these materials, and their use in high temperature applications, preferably in brakes for airplanes. The silicon carbide coated C/C composite, which is resistant to oxidation at high temperatures, is prepared by a method comprising: (a) coating a C/C composite base with a reactive carbon containing composition to form a reactive carbon coated C/C composite; followed by (b) applying a silicon containing composition to the reactive carbon coated C/C composite to form a bi-layered C/C composite; (c) heating the bi-layered C/C composite to at least the melting point of silicon to form the silicon carbide coated C/C composite; and optionally (d) applying a retardant solution to the silicon carbide coated C/C composite wherein the retardant solution comprises the ions formed from the combination of the following: 10-80 wt % H2O and 90-20 wt % H3PO4.

Abstract: Improved articles of manufacture are disclosed, together with methods for preparing such articles, whereby the surface of a graphite or comparable substrate is first densified with carbon to reduce surface porosity while still retaining sufficient surface texture to enhance the adherence of a subsequently applied boron coating.

Abstract: Defective, e.g. worn or substandard, carbon-carbon fibre composite materials such as frictional materials in brakes or clutches may be restored and/or upgraded by impregnation with a molten reactive metal source comprising a carbide-forming metal or a derivative thereof such as an oxide.

Abstract: Multi-layer fullerenes with a novel structure which are expected to be applied to various fields, and a method of manufacturing the multi-layer fullerenes. The method comprises heating carbon-containing substances at a temperature of 2300° C. or higher in the presence of a C60 fullerene to obtain novel multi-layer fullerenes which include a first multi-layer fullerene having a C60 fullerene enclosed in a C240 fullerene (C60@C240), a second multi-layer fullerene having a C240 fullerene enclosed in a C560 fullerene (C240@C560), and a third multi-layer fullerene having a C80 fullerene enclosed in a C240 fullerene which is enclosed in a C560 fullerene (C80@C240@C560).

Abstract: A composite, contains substrate fibers, and carbon ion exchanger, on the substrate fibers. The fiber provides a support to the carbon ion exchanger, resulting in excellent mechanical properties, compared to carbon fiber ion exchangers.

Abstract: Improved silicon carbide composites made by an infiltration process feature a metal phase in addition to any residual silicon phase. Not only are properties such as mechanical toughness improved, but the infiltrant can be so engineered as to have much diminished amounts of expansion upon solidification, thereby enhancing net-shape-making capabilities. Further, multi-component infiltrant materials may have a lower liquidus temperature than pure silicon, thereby providing the practitioner greater control over the infiltration process. In particular, the infiltration may be conducted at the lower temperatures, where low-cost but effective bedding or barrier materials can terminate the infiltration process once the infiltrant has migrated through the permeable mass up to the boundary between the mass and the bedding material.

Abstract: A method for producing shaped articles of ceramic composites provides a high degree of dimensional tolerance to these articles. A fiber preform is disposed on a surface of a stable formed support, a surface of which is formed with a plurality of indentations, such as grooves, slots, or channels. Precursors of ceramic matrix materials are provided to the fiber preform to infiltrate from both sides of the fiber preform. The infiltration is conducted under vacuum at a temperature not much greater than a melting point of the precursors. The melt-infiltrated composite article substantially retains its dimension and shape throughout the fabrication process.

Abstract: The liner provided metallic shell having an outer-facing surface and an inner-facing surface, said inner-facing surface including a cured enamel coating thereon comprising a solids mixture of an epoxy resin, a phenolic resin, carboxypolyolefin resin and polyester resin; and a shaped thermoplastic elastomer member adhered to said enamel inner surface.

Abstract: A method is provided for making a gas diffusion layer for an electrochemical cell comprising the steps of: a) combining carbon particles and one or more surfactants in a typically aqueous vehicle to make a preliminary composition, typically by high shear mixing; b) adding one or more highly fluorinated polymers to said preliminary composition by low shear mixing to make a coating composition; and c) applying the coating composition to an electrically conductive porous substrate, typically by a low shear coating method.

Abstract: A sole for a boot and the boot incorporating the sole. The sole provides the wearer of the boot with a level of protection from explosive devices triggered by the wearer stepping on or near the explosive device. The sole includes at least one layer of corrugated blast-resistant material. The corrugations provide channels that effectively channel blast gases generated by the explosion of the explosive device sidewardly and so away from the foot of the wearer of the boot. The sole further includes layers of blast-resistant material and a cocoon of material is also provided throughout the upper of the boot to provide a level of protection to the remainder of the wearer's foot.

Abstract: The invention provides for oxidatively resistant carbon/carbon composites and other graphite-like material, a method for the preparation of these materials, and their use in high temperature applications, preferably in brakes for airplanes. The carbon/carbon composite or graphite-like material, which is resistant to oxidation at high temperatures comprises a fiber-reinforced carbon/carbon composite or graphite in contact with a phosphoric acid based penetrant salt solution which contains the ions formed from the combination of the following: 10-80 wt % H2O, 20-70 wt % H3PO4, 0-25 wt % MnHPO4.1.6H2O, 0-30 wt % Al(H2PO4)3, 0-2 wt % B2O3, 0-10 wt % Zn3(PO4)2 and 0.1-25 wt % alkali metal mono-, di-, or tri-basic phosphate.

Abstract: A carbon fiber reinforced carbon composite, obtained by a method comprising impregnating a pitch or a resin into a molded member formed of carbon fibers for densification thereof; forming an impregnated pyrolytic carbon layer by CVI after densification; and forming a coated pyrolytic carbon layer on the impregnated pyrolytic carbon layer by CVD; a method of making the carbon fiber reinforced carbon composite; and a pulling single crystal member made from the carbon fiber reinforced carbon composite.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for depositing an aluminum oxide thin film necessary for semiconductor devices. The process includes the steps of: subjecting a gaseous organoaluminum compound as an aluminum source in contact with a target substrate and depositing aluminum using plasma, which steps are sequentially repeated to form an aluminum thin film, and further the step of oxidizing the aluminum thin film using oxygen plasma. This deposition cycle is repeated to obtain an aluminum oxide thin film.

Abstract: A carbon/carbon (C/C) composite comprising crystalline silicon carbide which is essentially uniformly distributed on both internal and external surfaces of the composite in a low concentration, as well as a process for producing the composite and the use of the composite in brake materials for industrial roll goods, automotives, trucks, trains and aircrafts. It has been discovered that small amounts of crystalline silicon carbide uniformly distributed throughout the carbon/carbon composite results in reduced wear with either no change or a slight increase in the friction coefficient.

Abstract: A process for making a honeycomb article having longitudinal channels extending from one face to a second face supporting a uniform coating of activated carbon on the channel walls, the process comprising the step of providing a solid heat-activated oxidant within the channels and heating the article to release the oxidant and uniformly activate the carbon coating.

Abstract: There is disclosed a hybrid treatment into which CVI treatment and PIP treatment are combined. A dense matrix is formed around a ceramic fiber by the CVI treatment, and a gap in the matrix is infiltrated/filled well with the matrix by the PIP treatment, so that hermetic properties are enhanced. Moreover, when a volume ratio of the matrix by the CVI treatment in the total matrix is set to about 5% or more, about 80% or less, fine cracks are present in the matrix by the PIP treatment, so that a binding force of the ceramic fiber is weakened, and Young's modulus can be reduced. As a result, a thermal stress is alleviated and a resistance to thermal shock is enhanced.

Abstract: Hollow carbon microcoils are provided having a pitch that is substantially zero. Also provided are ceramic microcoils comprising a metal nitride, a metal carbide or a metal carbonitride. The invention also includes methods for producing such microcoils.

Abstract: A process capable of forming a silicon film on a substrate efficiently, for example, at a high yield and a high forming rate with simple operation and device unlike CVD and plasma CVD.

Abstract: A method for producing coated particles includes the steps of converting particles consisting of a compound of one of (a) a metal with a non-metal or (b) a semi-metal with a non-metal to an aerosol form; contacting the particles in aerosol form with a gas including at least one aromatic compound; and guiding the particles in aerosol form together with the gas through a plasma zone of a microwave plasma. The at least one aromatic compound is preferably selected from the group consisting of benzol, benzol derivatives, naphthalene, and naphthalene derivatives. The gas preferable further includes at least one metallocene which is preferably selected from the group consisting of ferrocene or magnesocene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for making a protective coating containing silicon carbide on at least a portion of the surface of a substrate made from a material with a softening temperature that is above the temperature applied to make the protective coating, where silicon is deposited on the portion of the surface of the substrate and where, under vacuum or in an inert atmosphere, the substrate is heated to a temperature above the melting point of silicon, and the silicon is brought to reaction with carbon that is contained in a porous coating. The surface of the object to be coated is initially provided with a porous carbon coating with an open porosity in a range between 40 and 95%, where said porous carbon coating is covered with a uniform coating of silicon, where the ratio in percent of mass (Ma-%) of the applied silicon to that of the carbon in the porous carbon coating is greater than 2.

Abstract: Coated steel articles are described which exhibit anti-coking properties, and a process for producing such articles by depositing an anti-coking coating on a matrix constituted by a steel, in general a refractory steel. These articles comprise: a refractory steel substrate comprising at least 0.2% by weight of carbon; a carbon-rich diffusion barrier; and an outer layer containing 90% to 99% by weight of chromium, coated by a cementation method. More particularly, the coated steel articles constitute tubes for reactors or stills used in various refining or petrochemical processes.

Abstract: A fiber-composite material (7) is comprised of a yarn aggregate (6) in which yarn (2A, 2B) including at least a bundle (3) of carbon fiber and a carbon component other than carbon fiber is three-dimensionally combined and integrally formed without separation from each other; and a matrix made of Si—SiC-based materials (4A, 4B, 5A, 5B) filled between the yarn (2A, 2B) adjacent to each other within the yarn aggregate (6).

Abstract: Improved articles of manufacture are disclosed, together with methods for preparing such articles, whereby the surface of a graphite or comparable substrate is first densified with carbon to reduce surface porosity while still retaining sufficient surface texture to enhance the adherence of a subsequently applied boron coating.

Abstract: To provide a member made of carbon having a layer for forming a protective layer as an oxidation resistant protective layer and characterized in that a protective layer with a prescribed thickness and high wear resistance and practically resistant against oxidation even at 700° C., preferably 1000° C. or higher, in an atmosphere with a dew point as high as 30 to 70° C. or in the atmospheric air can be formed only in the surface layer part and to provide a method for producing the same member made of carbon. A member made of carbon having a layer for forming a protective layer as an oxidation resistant protective layer is made available by a method wherein carbon paper impregnated with a phenol resin is rolled on the surface of a member made of carbon and after curing the phenol resin or without curing the phenol resin, the resultant member is preferred at 500 to 600° C.

Abstract: A method for producing an oxide cathode including a sleeve containing a heater coil, a cathode substrate provided on one end of the sleeve, and an emissive material layer formed by thermally decomposing an alkaline earth metal carbonate layer adhered onto the cathode substrate, which method includes adhering the alkaline earth metal carbonate onto the cathode substrate so that it has a bulk density of 0.5 to 0.8 g/cm3, then pressing it so that the bulk density becomes not more than 0.9 g/cm3, and then thermally decomposing it in vacuum. Accordingly, an oxide cathode in which the current density distribution of emission electrons is smooth and an electron emission characteristic is not deteriorated when operated for a long time is realized, and a method for producing a cathode-ray tube with high resolution in which moire is invisible is provided.

Abstract: This invention is a fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite and a method for their fabrication. The precursors of the ceramic matrix phase are impregnated into the fibrous preform or-applied to the surface of the fiber as fluids. The preform or fibers are then thermally processed to convert the precursor compounds to the desired refractory materials, e.g., carbides, borides, or nitrides. The density and other properties of the composites may be enhanced further by using a hybrid process that combines fluid infiltration and thermal treatment with chemical vapor infiltration.

Abstract: A method of preparing a high-heat-resistance resin composite ceramic that can be used at a high temperature of over 400° C., the high-heat-resistance composite ceramic exhibiting remarkably high heat resistance, excellent in processability, durability against chemicals and durability against plasma, further, exhibiting “outgassing” to a lesser degree at a high temperature under high vacuum. The method comprises the steps of impregnating an inorganic continuously porous sintered body (I) having an open porosity of at least 0.5% with an organometallic compound (M), heat-treating the impregnated inorganic continuously porous sintered body (I) to decompose the organometallic compound (M) and thereby forming a metal compound which is a carbide, a nitride, an oxide or a composite oxide on an inner wall plane of each of open pores, and filling a heat-resistant silicone resin (R) in the open pores by impregnation under vacuum and thermally curing the heat-resistant silicone resin (R).

Abstract: A carbon nanotube is contacted with a reactive substance which is a metal or a semiconductor. The reactive substance is heated to diffuse atoms of the reactive substance into the carbon nanotube so that the carbon nanotube is partially transformed or converted into carbide as a reaction product. Thus, a heterojunction of the reaction product and the carbon nanotube is formed. For example, the carbon nanotube (2) is contacted with a silicon substrate (1). The silicon substrate (1) is heated to cause solid-solid diffusion of Si. As a result, SiC (3) is formed as the heterojunction. At least a part of a filament material of a carbon nanotube is irradiated with electromagnetic wave to deform the filament material.

Abstract: A method for preparing a microporous silicone resin which can be used to form low dielectric constant films useful for electrical insulating coatings on electronic devices comprising (A) contacting a hydridosilicon containing resin with an alkenyltriarylsilane in the presence of a platinum group metal-containing hydrosilation catalyst effecting formation of a silicon resin where at least 5 percent of silicon atoms are substituted with at least one triarylsilylalkylene group and at least 45 percent of silicon atoms are substituted with at least one hydrogen atom and (B) heating the silicon resin of step (A) in an inert atmosphere at a temperature sufficient to effect thermolysis of the triarylsilylalkylene groups from the silicon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of forming a ceramic or ceramic-like coating on a substrate in the absence of oxygen. The method comprises coating the substrate with a solution comprising a solven and one or more preceramic materials selected from the group consisting of hydrogen silsesquioxane and hydrolyzed or partially hydrolyzed RxSi(OR)4-x wherein R is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl and unsaturated hydrocarbons and x is 0-2. The solvent is evaporated and a preceramic coating thereby deposited on the substrate. The preceramic coating is then ceramified by heating the coated substrate to a temperature of between about 500 up to about 1000° C. under an inert gas atmosphere to thereby produce a ceramic or ceramic-like coating on the substrate. The process of the invention is useful for forming protective coatings on any substrate prone to oxidation at the temperature necessary for ceramification.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions derived from polymers containing metal-nitrogen bonds, which compositions exhibit, among other things, desirable oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and hydrolytic stability when exposed to adverse environments, whether at ambient or at elevated temperatures, and which may be useful as, for example, protective coatings on surfaces.

Abstract: A multi-step method for surface modification of a medical device having at least one surface exposed to tissue and/or blood. The steps comprise a low temperature plasma treatment of the said surface to provide a plasma deposited layer having functional groups. A chemical treatment of the plasma deposited layer using multifunctional linkers establishes covalent bonds with the plasma deposited layer. A bioactive/biocompatible agent react with the multifunctional linkers so that molecules thereof are covalently bound to said surface.

Abstract: Devices and methods for applying a polymeric coating to a medical device. The steps of the coating process including applying a liquid polymeric material to the surface of the medical device, then directing a stream of gas to impinge on the surface of the medical device. Excess liquid polymeric material is removed from the surface of the medical device. The devices used in the coating process and the coated medical device are also part of this invention.

Abstract: A process is provided for coating stents having a first and second surface with passages there between to avoid blockage and bridging of the passages. The process comprises contacting the stent with a liquid coating solution containing a film forming biocompatible polymer under conditions suitable to allow the film forming biocompatible polymer to coat at least one surface of the stent while maintaining a fluid flow through said passages sufficient prevent the film forming biocompatible polymer from substantially blocking said passages. Also described are stents coated by this process.

Abstract: A process for modifying a surface of an article that includes treating a surface with a solution that includes an organic solvent, and the reaction product of a substantially water insoluble polymer and a polyalkylene imine to form a modified surface.

Abstract: Applicants' invention is a method for creating an interpenetrating network on the surface of devices and supplies that is biocompatible and antimicrobial. According to Applicants' invention, a polymerizable or monomeric quaternary ammonium salt in a solvent is exposed to a polymeric substrate. The quaternary salt in solvent is absorbed by the polymeric substrate and the quaternary salt is polymerized such that an interpenetrating network is formed with said polymeric substrate.

Abstract: A method of modifying the surface characteristics of a substrate, particularly a polymeric material. The method involves grafting ethylenically unsaturated monomers and attaching biomolecules, such as heparin, to the surface of the substrate, such as a polymeric material, in one step using an oxidizing metal, such as ceric ions.

Abstract: In order to guarantee that individual elastomeric components used for medicinal or pharmaceutical purposes have improved inertness and static and sliding friction properties, a suitable layer is provided on the elastomeric components for this purpose by the method of the invention. This method includes providing an extended flat mat made of elastomeric material including connected protruding elastomeric components; coating at least one side of the mat including the connected elastomeric components by means of a PECVD or PICVD method to provide a silicon dioxide layer containing carbon, hydrogen and/or nitrogen on the at least one side of the mat; and punching the connected elastomeric components out of the mat to form individual unconnected elastomeric components, each at least partially coated with a portion of the layer.

Abstract: Medical cannulas are typically provided with a silicone coating to improve incision performance. In order to produce a thin, continuous and even coating layer, silicone oil is provided at one side of an elastic foil and the foil is penetrated by the uncoated cannula from an opposite side. During this operation the cannula is wetted by the silicone oil. During withdrawal of the cannula from the foil, excess silicone oil is removed from the cannula and an even, particle-free thin coating which has no bulge- or bead-forming tendency during incision is obtained. Subsequently, the silicone coating is dried.

Abstract: A composite comprised of reinforcement fibers having a continuous coating of a metal nitride wherein the metal is from the group consisting of silicon, aluminum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, and mixtures thereof, and a molten silicon infiltration formed silicon carbide matrix. The reinforcement fibers are fibers from the group consisting of elemental carbon, silicon carbide, and mixtures thereof. A method of forming the composite comprises depositing a continuous coating of the metal nitride on the fibers. A carbonaceous material is admixed with the coated fibers so that at least 5 volume percent of the mixture is the coated fibers. The mixture is formed into a preform having an open porosity ranging from about 25 volume percent to about 90 volume percent of the preform. The preform is heated in an inert atmosphere or partial vacuum, and infiltrated with molten silicon to produce an infiltrated product having the composition of the composite.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for making the surface of polymeric substrates hydrophilic, which includes coating the surface of a polymeric substrate with a solution of a macroinitiator, wherein the macroinitiator includes a polymer framework and side chains attached to the polymer framework, and wherein at least one of the side chains includes at least one free-radical-forming group. Optionally, a hydrophilic vinyl monomer or monomers may then be free-radical polymerized or graft polymerized onto the macroinitiator-coated substrate. A crosslinking vinyl monomer may optionally be used together with the macroinitiator or the hydrophilic vinyl monomer. The invention also relates to polymeric substrates having hydrophilic surfaces obtained by the process, and articles that include the hydrophilic polymeric substrates.

Abstract: A debonding layer is formed on fibers such as silicon carbide fibers by fing a thin film of a metal such as nickel or iron on the silicon carbide fibers and then annealing at a temperature of about 350-550.degree. C. to form a debond layer of a metal silicide and carbon. These fibers having the debond coating can be added to composite forming materials and the mixture treated to form a consolidated composite. A one heating-step method to form a consolidated composite involves inserting the silicon carbide fibers with just the initial metal film coating into the composite forming materials and then heating the mixture to form the debond coating in situ on the fibers and to form the consolidated composite. Preferred heating techniques include high temperature annealing, hot-pressing, or hot isostatic pressing (HIP).

Abstract: Disclosed is a friction element designed for frictional contact with a body and for use, in particular, in brakes or clutches. The friction element has at least one freely accessible surface formed by a carbon-fiber-reinforced porous carbon block, at least some pores of which are filled with silicon and silicon carbide. In order to provide a friction element of this kind, as well as a method of manufacturing the friction element, which gives the advantages associated with C/C--SiC materials and which can be manufactured inexpensively, thus making it suitable, from the cost point of view, for general use particularly in the automobile-construction industry, the friction element is made up of at least one core element and at least one friction block securely bonded to it, the friction block being bonded to the core element on the side remote from its friction surface and the two elements being joined to each other by a high-temperature-resistant bonding layer.

Abstract: A guidewire comprises a core wire having a coil tip at its distal end. The coil tip includes a helically wound filament having adjacent turns spaced apart by a preselected distance. The guidewire is coated with a polymeric material, typically a hydrophilic polysaccharide, such as hyaluronic acid or chondroitin sulfate. By properly selecting the spacing between adjacent turns of the coil tip, the hydrophilic coating will adhere to the coil tip in a manner which does not penetrate the coil and which does not significantly interfere with flexibility and bendability of the coil tip.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for nonextrusion manufacturing of catheters that can be used to produce catheters having a simple or complex configuration. A polymer material in a particulate preform is applied in a layer over an outer surface of a core member. By applying the polymer material in a particulate preform, a composition of the polymer material can be varied continuously as it is being applied to provide a variable hardness over the length of the catheter. A fibrous reinforcement can be used having a constant or variable pitch and a constant or variable number of fibers and fiber types. Sensors can be easily placed in a wall of the catheter as the catheter is being fabricated, thereby allowing more sensors to be used without placing conductors in the lumen of the catheter. Deflection passages can be provided in a wall of the catheter for inserting a wire to deflect the catheter.