Abstract: In an embodiment, a method for manufacturing a chromatography apparatus such as a thin layer chromatography (“TLC”) plate is disclosed. The method includes forming a layer of elongated nanostructures (e.g., carbon nanotubes), oxidizing the elongated nanostructures to form a surface enriched in oxygen moieties, and at least partially coating the oxidized elongated nanostructures with a coating. The coating includes a stationary phase and/or precursor of a stationary phase for use in chromatography. The stationary phase may be functionalized with hydroxyl groups by exposure to a base or acid. The stationary phase may further be treated with a silane (e.g., an amino silane) to improve the performance of the chromatography apparatus. Embodiments for TLC plates and related methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: Processes and methods are provided for applying corrosion inhibitor within a foam matrix to the top of the line of wet gas pipelines. The environment within a hydrocarbon containing pipeline may include fluids that form strong acids in the gas space at the upper portion of the pipeline and can rapidly corrode a carbon steel pipeline. The solution provides a foam matrix created by a combination of foaming agent, foaming gas and corrosion inhibitor that are each selected to be compatible with each other and with the hydrocarbon mixture to form a stable foam matrix that treats the top of the line position for the length of the pipeline. A foam breaking agent at the end of the pipeline can be injected, if needed.

Abstract: A mixture and technique for coating an internal surface of an article is generally described. In one aspect, a method includes introducing a mixture comprising an aluminum source and an organo halocarbon activator into an internal cavity of an article. In some embodiments, the method may further include heating the article and the mixture to a temperature sufficient to form an aluminum halide, which deposits on a surface of the internal cavity to form a coated article. In further embodiments, the method may also include depositing on an external surface of the article a first layer comprising Pt, Si, and a reactive element selected from the group consisting of Hf, Y, La, Ce, Zr, and combinations thereof, and depositing a second layer comprising Al on the first layer to form an alloy including a ?-Ni+??-Ni3Al phase constitution, where the second layer is deposited with the organo halocarbon activator.

Abstract: Encapsulated switches are disclosed which substitute non-toxic gallium alloy for mercury. In one embodiment, wetting of the interior surfaces of the housing is prevented by coating the surfaces with an electrically insulative inorganic non-metallic material, such as alumina or boron nitrate. According to another embodiment, a perfluorocarbon liquid is employed as the anti-wetting agent.

Abstract: Methods for producing crucibles for holding molten material that contain a reduced amount of gas pockets are disclosed. The methods may involve use of molten silica that may be outgassed prior to or during formation of the crucible. Crucibles produced from such methods and ingots and wafers that are produced from crucibles with a reduced amount of gas pockets are also disclosed.

Abstract: A superhydrophobic surface includes a plurality of microfeatures disposed on a substrate and a gas generator disposed within the microfeatures, the gas generator configured to generate a gas within the microfeatures. Gas is generated within the microfeatures when at least a portion of the microfeatures is in a wetted state to restore the microfeatures to a dewetted state. Gas generation is self-regulating in that gas generation automatically starts when a wetted condition exists and stops when sufficient gas has been generated to recover a dewetted state that restores superhydrophobicity.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a component. The method includes forming a diffusion coating on a first intermediate article formed by an additive manufacturing process. The diffusion coating is removed from the first intermediate article forming a second intermediate article having at least one enhanced surface. The diffusion coating is formed by applying a layer of coating material on at least one surface of the first intermediate article and diffusion heat treating the first intermediate article and the layer. The diffusion coating comprises a surface additive layer and a diffusion layer below the surface additive layer. The formation of the diffusion coating and removal thereof may be repeated at least once.

Abstract: A method for treating the inside surface of a glass container includes applying a polysilazane solution to the inside surface of the glass container, drying the polysilazane while the glass container is rotated in the state of being inverted and inclined 50° to 70° with respect to horizontal, and sintering the polysilazane. During the sintering, the sintering temperature is 300° C. to 600° C. and the sintering time is 10 minutes or more. The method may also include applying at least one of a sulfur dioxide gas, a sulfur trioxide gas, a chlorine gas, and a chlorofluorocarbon gas to the inside surface of the glass container under heating, during which the average temperature of the glass container may be 500° C. to 700° C.

Abstract: Rotating pressure distributor (I) for a carousel-type machine for treating hollow bodies in a plurality of identical treatment stations, comprising two rings, (2) fixed and (3) rotating, in sealing contact, the ring (3) having orifices (6) each adapted for being connected to a station and opening onto the contact face (5) thereof, the ring (2) having at least one aperture (7) which may be connected to a pressure source and opening onto the contact face (4) thereof by being on the trajectory of the orifices (6); grease is spread between the contact faces (4, 5) of the two rings (2, 3) to provide the seal; at least one annular channel (13) covers the annular opening (19) of the joint plane (P) and is connected to the atmosphere; in the channel respective flanges (14) are mutually interlaced without contact with one another, forming chicanes; the channel is filled with grease.

Abstract: A method for using a film formation apparatus includes performing a main cleaning process and a post cleaning process in this order inside a reaction chamber. The main cleaning process is arranged to supply a cleaning gas containing fluorine into the reaction chamber while exhausting gas from inside the reaction chamber, thereby etching a film formation by-product containing silicon. The post cleaning process is arranged to remove a silicon-containing fluoride generated by the main cleaning process and remaining inside the reaction chamber and to alternately repeat, a plurality of times, supplying an oxidizing gas into the reaction chamber to transform the silicon-containing fluoride into an intermediate product by oxidization, and supplying hydrogen fluoride gas into the reaction chamber while exhausting gas from inside the reaction chamber to remove the intermediate product by a reaction between the hydrogen fluoride gas and the intermediate product.

Abstract: A method of applying an aluminide coating to an internal cavity of a metal part, such as an airfoil. The method includes inserting a perforated sealed container containing a source of aluminide into the internal cavity and vaporizing the aluminide source to form an aluminide coating on the wall surface of the cavity.

Abstract: A method of coating at least one exterior surface of at least one workpiece is disclosed. The method may be used for coating inner and outer surfaces of pipes. A hollow workpiece is positioned within a chamber. A spacing between a multi-dimensional interior surface of the chamber and an exterior surface of the workpiece is fixed. Conditions are established to maintain a hollow cathode effect within the spacing and within the hollow workpiece. The conditions include biasing anodes at opposite ends of a hollow cathode effect region, and biasing the interior surface of the chamber and the workpiece as cathodes. The interior surface and the workpiece may be maintained at a common bias voltage or, in at least one embodiment, at differing voltages.

Abstract: A process for setting the average flow rate within a hollow component is provided. The process includes setting a relatively small wall thickness in a first region with a relatively large flow cross section using a first diffusion coating process and setting a relatively large wall thickness by a second different diffusion process in a second region with a relatively small flow cross section. The use of different diffusion coatings in a component allows the flow of coolant through a component to be set in a controlled manner.

Abstract: A cylinder liner (20) comprises a substrate (24) and a germanium containing coating (22), typically a diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating applied by a vapor deposition technique. The coating (22) may include a base layer (36), an intermediate layer (38), and a protective layer (40), each having a graded composition. The base layer (36) comprises, in weight percent (wt. %) of the base layer (36), 50.0 to 70.0 wt. % carbon, 30.0 to 50.0 wt. % silicon, and not greater than 20.0 wt. % germanium. The intermediate layer (38) comprises, in weight percent (wt. %) of the intermediate layer (38), 40.0 to 60.0 wt. % carbon, 15.0 to 35.0 wt. % silicon, and 15.0 to 35.0 wt. % germanium. The protective layer (40) includes, in weight percent (wt. %) of the protective layer (38), at least 90.0 wt. % carbon.

Abstract: An electrode assembly for a plasma reaction chamber used in semiconductor substrate processing. The assembly includes an upper showerhead electrode which includes an inner electrode mechanically attached to a backing plate by a clamp ring and an outer electrode attached to the backing plate by a series of spaced apart cam locks. A guard ring surrounds the backing plate and is movable to positions at which openings in the guard ring align with openings in the backing plate so that the cam locks can be rotated with a tool to release cam pins extending upward from the upper face of the outer electrode. To compensate for differential thermal expansion, the clamp ring can include expansion joins at spaced locations which allow the clamp ring to absorb thermal stresses.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for the formation of vaporizing liquid precursor materials. The methods or apparatus can be used as part of a chemical vapor deposition apparatus or system, for example for forming films on substrates. The methods and apparatus involve providing a vessel for containing a liquid precursor and diffusing element having external cross-section dimensions substantially equal to the internal cross-sectional dimensions of the vessel.

Abstract: An isothermal, low pressure-based process of depositing material within a substrate has been developed, and is particularly useful in forming an optical fiber preform results in creating an extremely narrow reaction zone within which a more uniform and efficient deposition will occur. Sets of isothermal plasma operating conditions have been found that create a narrow deposition zone, assuring that the deposited material is clear glass rather than soot particles. The exhaust end of the tube is connected to a vacuum system which is in turn connected to a scrubber apparatus for removal and neutralization of reaction by-products. The operating conditions are selected such that the hot plasma does not transfer a substantial amount of heat to the substrate tube, where the presence of such heat has been found to result in vaporizing the reactant material (creating soot) and developing hot spots.

Abstract: A method of forming a Cu wiring in a trench or hole formed in a substrate is provided. The method includes forming a barrier film on the surface of the trench or hole, forming a Ru film on the barrier film, and embedding Cu in the trench or hole by forming a Cu film on the Ru film using PVD while annealing the substrate such that migration of copper into the trench or hole occurs.

Abstract: The invention discloses two kinds of methods for forming patterns by vacuum coating, one of which includes the following steps: (1) prepare a glass body; (2) pre-treat a part of an internal surface of the glass body where a pattern is to be formed thereon; (21) prepare a membrane with a hollowed-out pattern and adhere it on the glass body; (22) spray a wax layer evenly on the membrane and the surface of the glass body to cover the hollowed-out pattern; (23) remove the membrane; (3) perform vacuum coating to the glass body and form a coating layer on the surface of the glass body; (4) hollow out the pattern to be formed by removing the wax layer sprayed on the glass body by heating and thereby forming the pattern.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition for coating or material removal on the inner wall of a hollow body (42). The method involves introducing a gas lance (44) into the hollow body (42) and forming a cavity plasma (45) to form a plasma cloud arranged at the tip of the gas lance by applying an electric radio-frequency field to an RF electrode (41).

Abstract: System and method for operating a material deposition system are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method can include periodically injecting a precursor into a vaporizer through an injector at the vaporizer, vaporizing the precursor in the vaporizer and supplying the vaporized precursor to a reaction chamber in fluid communication with the vaporizer, and shutting down the vaporizer and the reaction chamber after a period of time. The method can also include conducting maintenance of the injector at the vaporizer by using a vapor solvent rinse.

Abstract: A fabrication method is capable of creating canonical metamaterial structures arrayed in a three-dimensional geometry. The method uses a membrane suspended over a cavity with predefined pattern as a directional evaporation mask. Metallic and/or dielectric material can be evaporated at high vacuum through the patterned membrane to deposit resonator structures on the interior walls of the cavity, thereby providing a unit cell of micron-scale dimension. The method can produce volumetric metamaterial structures comprising layers of such unit cells of resonator structures.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making an optical fiber preform, including injecting a plasma gas source into the first end of a tubular member; generating a ring plasma flame with the plasma gas source flowing through a plasma gas feeder nozzle, the plasma gas feeder nozzle including: an inner tube, an outer tube, wherein the plasma gas source is injected between the inner tube and the outer tube to produce the ring plasma flame, such that at least a portion of the ring plasma flame is directed radially toward the inner surface of the tubular member; traversing the tubular member along the longitudinal axis relative to the plasma flame; depositing at least one soot layer on the interior surface of the tubular member by introducing reagent chemicals into the plasma flame; and fusing all of the soot layers into a glass material on the interior surface of the tubular member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and related method for manufacturing an optical preform. The present invention embraces a novel insert tube that is strategically positioned within a quartz substrate tube during the internal vapor deposition process.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a honeycomb structure including a honeycomb unit includes forming a honeycomb molded body having a plurality of cells extending from a first end face to a second end face of the honeycomb molded body along a longitudinal direction of the honeycomb molded body and separated by a plurality of cell walls, placing the honeycomb molded body in a degreasing apparatus so that the first end face faces downward and the second end face faces upward, feeding introduced gas into the degreasing apparatus, degreasing the honeycomb molded body at a temperature of approximately 200° C. to approximately 400° C., and firing the degreased honeycomb molded body at a temperature of approximately 500° C. to approximately 900° C. to obtain the honeycomb unit.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a preform for optical fibers by a vapor deposition process wherein an intermediate step is carried out between one deposition phase and the next deposition phase(s), wherein the intermediate step includes supplying an etching gas to the supply side of the hollow substrate tube.

Abstract: A method of aluminization by deposit in the vapor phase for protection against oxidation at high temperature of a metal part of a turbomachine. The part includes a cavity with an opening that can be accessed from the outside. A halide is formed by reaction between a halogen and a metal donor containing aluminum, then the halide is transported by a carrier gas to come into contact with the metal part, the metal donor being placed at least partly in the cavity. The metal donor is in the form of a pellet obtained by hot sintering under pressure of a mixture of metal powder.

Abstract: Multiple walled nested coaxial nanostructures, methods for making multiple walled nested coaxial nanostructures, and devices incorporating the coaxial nanostructures are disclosed. The coaxial nanostructures include an inner nanostructure, a first outer nanotube disposed around the inner nanostructure, and a first annular channel between the inner nanostructure and the first outer nanotube. The coaxial nanostructures have extremely high aspect ratios, ranging from about 5 to about 1,200, or about 300 to about 1200.

Abstract: A methodology and system for applying coatings onto the interior surfaces of components, includes a vapor creation device, a vacuum chamber having a moderate gas pressure and an inert gas jet having controlled velocity and flow fields. The gas jet is created by a rarefied, inert gas supersonic expansion through a nozzle. By controlling the carrier gas flow into a region upstream of the nozzle an upstream pressure is achieved. The carrier gas flow and chamber pumping rate control the downstream pressure. The ratio of the upstream to downstream pressure along with the size and shape of the nozzle opening controls the speed of the gas entering the chamber. Vapor created from a source is transported into the interior regions of a component using binary collisions between the vapor and gas jet atoms. These collisions enable the vapor atoms to scatter onto the interior surfaces of the component and deposit.

Abstract: A method of forming a diamond-like carbon coating by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition on an internal surface of a hollow component having an inner surface. A reduced atmospheric pressure is created within a pipe or other hollow component to be treated. A diamondoid precursor gas is introduced to the interior of the component. A bias voltage is established between a first electrode and one or more second electrodes. The first electrode is or is attached to the component. The second electrode is externally offset from an opening of the component, by a hollow insulator. A plasma region is established adjacent an inner surface of the component and extends through the hollow insulator. The precursor gas comprises at least one diamondoid. The pressure and bias voltage are selected such as to cause the deposition of diamond-like carbon on the inner surface.

Abstract: A coating apparatus for coating interior surfaces of internal passages of a workpiece, such as a turbine engine component is provided. The coating apparatus comprises a vessel defining an internal space, a plate dividing the internal space into a first chamber and a second chamber, a divider supporting the plate, and the plate having at least one cut-out for receiving a portion of the workpiece having the internal passages to be coated.

Abstract: An arrangement for vapour phase coating an internal surface of hollow articles comprises a part plate, at least one spud site and at least one manifold. The part plate defines a portion of a chamber for supplying a vapour coating. Each spud site has a tube and a first mouldable sealant is arranged around the tube. Each manifold has at least one supply tube extending from the manifold to supply vapour into a respective hollow article. Each manifold has a feed tube extending from the manifold to supply vapour into the manifold. The tube of each spud site is inserted into the feed tube of the respective manifold and an end of the feed tube remote from the manifold locates in the first mouldable sealant. A second mouldable sealant is arranged around the at least one supply tube of the respective manifold and between the respective manifold and hollow article.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for gettering undesirable atomic species from a vaporizing atmosphere during deposition of multi-element thin film phosphor compositions. The method comprises vaporizing one or more getter species immediately prior and/or simultaneously during the deposition of a phosphor film composition within a deposition chamber. The method improves the luminance and emission spectrum of phosphor materials used for full colour ac electroluminescent displays employing thick film dielectric layers with a high dielectric constant.

Abstract: A heat exchanger device for an exhaust gas recirculation system of an internal combustion engine includes a heat exchange device including a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is in fluid contact with a recirculated portion of exhaust gas flowing in an exhaust system and the second surface is in fluid contact with a second fluid. The first surface is subjected to a surface treatment effective to reduce adhesive properties that relate to surface tension of particulate matter that precipitates from the recirculated portion of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: Inserts are used to line openings in parts that form a semiconductor processing reactor. In some embodiments, the reactor parts delimit a reaction chamber. The reactor parts may be formed of graphite. A layer of silicon carbide is deposited on surfaces of the openings in the reactor parts and the inserts are placed in the openings. The inserts are provided with a hole, which can accept another reactor part such as a thermocouple. The insert protects the walls of the opening from abrasion caused by insertion of the other reactor part into the opening.

Abstract: Foaming of polysilazane applied to the inside surface of a glass container is prevented during sintering, and the amount of alkali elution from the inside surface of the glass container into a solution in the container is reduced. The inside surface of a glass container is treated by the steps of applying a polysilazane solution to the inside surface of the glass container, drying polysilazane while the glass container in the state of being inverted and inclined 50° to 70° is rotated, and sintering polysilazane, so that foaming of polysilazane can be prevent during sintering and the amount of alkali elution from the inside surface of the glass container can be reduced.

Abstract: A coating apparatus for coating interior surfaces of internal passages of a workpiece, such as a turbine engine component is provided. The coating apparatus comprises a vessel defining an internal space, a plate dividing the internal space into a first chamber and a second chamber, a divider supporting the plate, and the plate having at least one cut-out for receiving a portion of the workpiece having the internal passages to be coated.

Abstract: A device for plasma depositing a thin film of a barrier material on an internal wall of a container includes: an electromagnetic wave generator; a cavity connected to the generator and made of a conductive material; a chamber positioned in the cavity and made of a material that is transparent to electromagnetic waves coming from the generator; and openings made in the cavity and oriented parallel to one another.

Abstract: A commercial method for the interior chemical treatment of inflatable balloons, the method including inflating a balloon with air, coating the interior surface of a balloon with a micro-atomized chemical mixture and allowing the chemical mixture to coat and permeate the inner surface of the balloon.

Abstract: A hard disk drive (HDD) case having a cavity configured to locate a HDD assembly therein, the cavity being coated with a coating characterized in that the center line average roughness (Ra) of the coated surface is 100 nm or less.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for reducing gas hydrate adhesion to the interior surface of a conduit and associated equipment transporting or processing a fluid stream in oil and gas exploration and production, petroleum refining and/or petrochemistry, by providing the conduit interior surface with a coating layer exhibiting a static contact angle of the sessile water drop on the coating layer in air higher than 75° at ambient air conditions, as measured according to ASTM D7334-08, wherein said coating layer comprises diamond like carbon (DLC) comprising fractions of one or more components selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), oxygen (O) and fluor (F).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the thickness of a coating deposited on internal passages of a component. The coating is a diffusion coating, preferably a diffusion aluminide coating, deposited by a vapor phase process that entails placing a component within a coating chamber so that first and second conduits fluidically communicate with first and second openings in the component. The component is heated within the coating chamber, at least one reactive vapor is generated within the coating chamber, and a carrier gas is delivered through the first conduit to force the reactive vapor to enter the internal passages through the first opening in the component and exit through the second opening. Flow of the carrier gas is then reversed so that the carrier gas is then delivered through the second conduit to force the reactive vapor to enter the internal passages through the second opening and exit through the first opening.

Abstract: A bottle for culturing a test sample, e.g., blood, includes a plastic vessel made from a single layer of plastic material. The bottle features a glass barrier coating applied to the bottle, such as a silica or glass coating. An alternative embodiment features a single layer plastic bottle and a gas barrier adhesive label covering the cylindrical side wall of the bottle. Kits comprising two or more of such bottles and methods of manufacturing the bottles are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods are provided for multi-step Cu metal plating on a continuous Ru metal film in recessed features found in advanced integrated circuits. The use of a continuous Ru metal film prevents formation of undesirable micro-voids during Cu metal filling of high-aspect-ratio recessed features, such as trenches and vias, and enables formation of large Cu metal grains that include a continuous Cu metal layer plated onto the continuous Ru metal film. The large Cu grains lower the electrical resistivity of the Cu filled recessed features and increase the reliability of the integrated circuit.

Abstract: A film forming method is characterized in that the method is provided with a step of introducing a processing gas including inorganic silane gas into a processing chamber, in which a mounting table composed of ceramics including a metal oxide is arranged, and precoating an inner wall of the processing chamber including a surface of the mounting table with a silicon-containing nonmetal thin film; a step of mounting a substrate to be processed on the mounting table precoated with the nonmetal thin film; and a step of introducing a processing gas including organic silane gas into the processing chamber, and forming a silicon-containing nonmetal thin film on a surface of the substrate mounted on the mounting table.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibiting agent is provided as a finely ground powder that is dispensed into a sheath or other casing enclosing a metal bar, cable, or other tension member. The agents are produced by preparing salts of amines with benzoic acid or nitric acid, drying the salts, and grinding and screening the salts to provide a desired maximum particle size. Also disclosed is a dry fogging process through which the powder is applied to metal tension members enclosed in polymeric sheaths or other fluid tight casings.

Abstract: A machine (1) for depositing a thin layer of a barrier-effect material inside a container (2) by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, said machine (1) comprising: a processing unit (4) receiving the container (2) and equipped with an electromagnetic wave generator (11); a precursor gas outlet (17); an injector (13) for injecting said precursor gas into the container (2), said injector (13) having a bottom end (14) that opens out into the container (2) and an opposite top end (15); a precursor gas feed duct (20) that puts the precursor gas outlet (17) into fluid flow connection with the top end (15) of the injector (13); and a solenoid valve (25) interposed in the feed duct (20) between the precursor gas outlet (17) and the injector (13), immediately upstream from the top end (15) of the injector (13).

Abstract: We have developed an improved vapor-phase deposition method and apparatus for the application of layers and coatings on various substrates. The method and apparatus are useful in the fabrication of biotechnologically functional devices, Bio-MEMS devices, and in the fabrication of microfluidic devices for biological applications. In one important embodiment, oxide coatings providing hydrophilicity or oxide/polyethylene glycol coatings providing hydrophilicity can be deposited by the present method, over the interior surfaces of small wells in a plastic micro-plate in order to increase the hydrophilicity of these wells. Filling these channels with a precise amount of liquid consistently can be very difficult. This prevents a water-based sample from beading up and creating bubbles, so that well can fill accurately and completely, and alleviates spillage into other wells which causes contamination.

Abstract: A method for passivating at least part of the feed conducting conduit of a pyrolysis furnace to reduce the deposition of coke in that conduit, the passivation being accomplished by employing at least one phosphorous containing compound.

Abstract: A plasma processing plant for plastic bottles, having a vacuum chamber arranged inside the processing chamber and when a respective bottle opening is pressed against a valve, the valve will open and establish a connection between the interior of the bottle and the vacuum chamber, and the chambers are continuously sealed against one another in a gastight fashion. With such approach, the gas can be conducted more easily and the number of control mechanisms can be reduced.