Abstract: A process produces a plastic pellicle and/or film in a continuous cycle in the print finishing of hides, synthetic materials or any other support in which the printed patterns or other decorative elements are included in at least two film layers.

Abstract: A method of identifying an object comprising providing an vehicle having on a surface thereof at least one layer of paint, such as a urethane-based paint. A unique alphanumeric identification is applied to the paint layer with a fluorescent material at a selected unrevealed location thereon. The fluorescent material is permitted to migrate into the at least one paint layer, while an excess amount of fluorescent material remains on the at least one paint layer. Thereupon, the excess amount of fluorescent material is removed from the at least one paint layer with a solvent. The unique discrete identification created by fluorescent material migrated into the at least one paint layer is visible at an acute angle to the object surface without use of an ultraviolet light, while being substantially invisible at an angle normal to the object surface.

Abstract: Probe-based lithography, including: depositing a preceramic polymer on a substrate; writing nanoscale features in the polymer by locally transforming the preceramic polymer via a chemical reaction causing it to undergo a permanent phase change into hardened, ceramic material, the chemical reaction activated with a prescribed activation energy supplied by heat and/or pressure applied by a probe tip; then depositing new layers and continuing according to a desired three-dimensional pattern; either by (a) removing unactivated preceramic polymer utilizing a removal solvent, or (b) cross-linking unactivated preceramic polymer to act as a support medium that isolates a formed ceramic structure mechanically and/or electrically; and where the ceramic pattern is made electrically conductive by (a) incorporating dopant elements into or onto the preceramic polymer, or (b) performing the write step in a chemically-active environment that supplies dopant atoms during the chemical reaction.

Abstract: An aqueous ink used together with a black ink containing a self-dispersion pigment, wherein the aqueous ink contains a reactive component for destabilizing the dispersion state of the self-dispersion pigment, the dynamic surface tension of the aqueous ink at a lifetime of 30 milliseconds is 41 mN/m or more, and the dynamic surface tension of the aqueous ink at a lifetime of 500 milliseconds is from 28 mN/m or more to 38 mN/m or less as determined by a maximum bubble pressure method.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a solid oxide fuel cell comprising chemically etching a metallic sheet covered with a photoresist and obtaining controlled patterns of cavities on one side of the metallic sheet and perforations on the other side of the metallic sheet and depositing electrochemically active segments on the perforated side of the metallic sheet. The invention includes also a solid oxide fuel cell prepared by the above process.

Abstract: Apart of a human body is caused to contact the surface layer of a recording medium over which a plurality of metallic grains with an outside size of 200 nm or less are distributed. Then, secretions from the skin surface of the body part are caused to adhere to the surface layer of the recording medium to take the print of the body part. If light is irradiated to the recording medium, specific optical characteristics resulting from the surface structure of the recording medium are obtained, and therefore the color of the recording medium varies between a region having secretions and a region having no secretions. This renders it possible to record a visible print on the recording medium.

Abstract: A method for processing a surface involves depositing at least one class of enzymes (2) onto the surface (1); introducing at least a reactant (3) into an environment of the surface (1), and causing interaction between the enzymes (2) and the reactant (3), thereby to cause processing of a region of the surface (1), the processed region of the surface (1) being defined with respect to a region thereof that is proximate (4) to where the enzymes (3) have been deposited.

Abstract: Layered systems, which are used at high temperatures, often degrade rapidly when a layer has been lost, leading to the damage or loss of the component that consists of said layered system. A described layered system comprises at least one cooling safety orifice, which is e.g. covered by an intermediate layer and an outer layer. The cooling safety orifice opens if the layers are damaged, in such a way that the layered system is additionally cooled by a coolant that flows through the cooling safety orifice.

Abstract: Nanoporous membranes comprising single walled, double walled, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes embedded in a matrix material were fabricated for fluid mechanics and mass transfer studies on the nanometer scale and commercial applications. Average pore size can be 2 nm to 20 nm, or seven nm or less, or two nanometers or less. The membrane can be free of large voids spanning the membrane such that transport of material such as gas or liquid occurs exclusively through the tubes. Fast fluid, vapor, and liquid transport are observed. Versatile micromachining methods can be used for membrane fabrication. A single chip can comprise multiple membranes. These membranes are a robust platform for the study of confined molecular transport, with applications in liquid and gas separations and chemical sensing including desalination, dialysis, and fabric formation.

Abstract: A method is described herein that can use any one of a number of deposition techniques to create a reference region and a sample region on a single biosensor which in the preferred embodiment is located within a single well of a microplate. The deposition techniques that can be used to help create the reference region and the sample region on a surface of the biosensor include: (1) the printing/stamping of a deactivating agent on a reactive surface of the biosensor; (2) the printing/stamping of a target molecule (target protein) on a reactive surface of the biosensor; or (3) the printing/stamping of a reactive agent on an otherwise unreactive surface of the biosensor.

Abstract: A process in which a base metal film is formed on the surface of a plastic film using a dry plating process, and a liquid containing an organic monomer is then brought in contact with the base metal film, thereby selectively forming a conductive organic polymer coating within any pinhole defects, and effectively filling the defects. A metal film is then formed on top of the base metal film using an electroplating process, thus forming a metal wet plating layer.

Abstract: An ink set includes an oil ink composition containing a metal pigment; and at least one aqueous ink composition selected from the group consisting of a chromatic ink composition containing a chromatic pigment, a black ink composition containing a black pigment, and a white ink composition containing a white pigment.

Abstract: An ink-jet recording liquid composition which is used together with a colored ink to form images and is capable of causing reaction upon contact with the colored ink; the composition being characterized by containing at least (a) a polyvalent metal salt, (b) a substance selected from cryptands and (c) a liquid medium; or an ink-jet recording ink characterized by containing at least (a) a polyvalent metal salt, (b) a substance selected from cryptands, (c) a liquid medium and (d) a coloring material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to help control the quality of printed three-dimensional objects are provided. The method may include dispensing one or more building material to construct a support construction underneath surfaces of the three-dimensional object and dispensing at least one of the building materials to construct a thickening layer of building material of pre-determined thickness around at least part of the three-dimensional object.

Abstract: A process for multilayer repair coating, comprising the following steps: applying a first base coat layer of a conventional, water-borne base coat I containing at least one special effect pigment, applying a second base coat layer of a water-borne base coat II onto the resultant coating, wherein the water-borne base coat II for producing the second base coat layer is feathered out into the zones bordering the repair coating, and wherein this water-borne base coat II comprises A) at least one water-dilutable binder, B) at least one special effect pigment, C) at least one matting agent, D) water and E) optionally, conventional coating additives and/or organic solvents, with the proviso that the water-borne base coat II contains the at least one special effect pigment in a quantity of 25-75 wt.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing simulated oil paintings by means of a variety of commercial software programs. A digital color image is created and printed on to a substrate. Also printed on to the same substrate and registered thereto, is a slow drying, clear, embossing liquid in the pattern of brush strokes derived from one or more of the colors printed on to the substrate. A thermographic powder is dusted onto the embossing liquid while still wet and excess powder removed. The substrate is then heated to dry and raise the brush stroke pattern of the embossing ink to create a three dimensional effect on the substrate. The raised brush stroke pattern in combination with printed color image creates a work that has the three dimensional effect simulating an original oil painting.

Abstract: A convenient, time-efficient, easy-to-use method for creating a substrate covering comprising graphic images, such that the substrate covering can be substantially opaque to an observer looking from one side of the substrate (allowing him to see an image), yet the observer is able to see through the substrate covering from the other side of the substrate, or such that an observer would be able to see the images as well as objects beyond the substrate, comprising the steps of (1) creating an outline for the substrate covering; (2) creating at least one artwork; (3) launching a window wizard, which allows a user to select the position of the covering with respect to the substrate; at least one artwork; and at least one primer in accordance with the desired visual effects; (4) selecting the position of the covering with respect to the substrate; at least one artwork; and at least one primer in accordance with the desired visual effects; and (5) sending the window wizard output for printing onto a substantially c

Abstract: A self-replicating monolayer system employing polymerization of monomers or nanoparticle ensembles on a defined template provides a method for synthesis of two-dimensional single molecule polymers. Systems of self-replicating monolayers are used as templates for growth of inorganic colloids. A preferred embodiment employs SAM-based replication, wherein an initial monolayer is patterned and used as a template for self-assembly of a second monolayer by molecular recognition. The second monolayer is polymerized in place and the monolayers are separated to form a replicate. Both may then function as templates for monolayer assemblies. A generic self-replicating monomer unit comprises a polymerizable moiety attached by methylene repeats to a recognition element and an ending unit that will not interfere with the chosen recognition chemistry. The recognition element is self-complementary, unless a set of two replicating monomers with compatible cross-linking chemistry is employed.

Abstract: In order to provide an active matrix display device in which a thick insulating film is preferably formed around an organic semiconductive film of a thin film luminescent device without damaging the thin film luminescent device, the active matrix display device is provided with a bank layer (bank) along a data line (sig) and a scanning line (gate) to suppress formation of parasitic capacitance in the data line (sig), in which the bank layer (bank) surrounds a region that forms the organic semiconductive film of the thin film luminescent device by an ink-jet process. The bank layer (bank) includes a lower insulating layer formed of a thick organic material and an upper insulating layer of an organic material which is deposited on the lower insulating layer and has a smaller thickness so as to avoid contact of the organic semiconductive film with the upper insulating layer.

Abstract: A method of patterning a deposit metal on a polymeric substrate is described. The method includes providing a polymeric film substrate having a major surface with a relief pattern having a recessed region and an adjacent raised region, depositing a first material onto the major surface of the polymeric film substrate to form a coated polymeric film substrate, forming a layer of a functionalizing material selectively onto the raised region of the coated polymeric film substrate to form a functionalized raised region and an unfunctionalized recessed region, and depositing electrolessly a deposit metal selectively on the unfunctionalized recessed region.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of components with a pre-determined surface appearance, in particular for front panels of kitchen units, whereby the components are printed with a pre-determined pattern by means of a printing method which may be programmed corresponding to the appearance achieved. The invention further relates to a device for the production of said components and a system in which groups of said components are produced.

Abstract: A method for fabricating scanning probe microscopy (SPM) probes is disclosed. The probes are fabricated by forming a structural layer on a substrate, wherein the substrate forms a cavity. A sacrificial layer is located between the substrate and the structural layer. Upon forming the structural layer, the sacrificial layer is selectively removed, and the probe is then released from the substrate. The substrate may then later be reused to form additional probes. Additionally, a contact printing method using a scanning probe microscopy probe is also disclosed.

Abstract: A self-replicating monolayer system employing polymerization of monomers or nanoparticle ensembles on a defined template provides a method for synthesis of two-dimensional single molecule polymers. Systems of self-replicating monolayers may be used as templates for the growth of inorganic colloids. A preferred embodiment is a SAM-based replication, wherein an initial monolayer is patterned and used as a template for self-assembly of a second monolayer by molecular recognition. Once the second monolayer has formed, it is polymerized in place and the two monolayers are separated to form a replicate. Both monolayers may then function as templates for monolayer assemblies. A generic self-replicating monomer unit suitable for use in one embodiment comprises a polymerizable moiety attached by methylene repeats to a recognition element and an ending unit that will not interfere with the chosen recognition chemistry.

Abstract: A method for locally repairing a coated article having a bondcoat and a topcoat by removing a first portion of the topcoat and a second portion of the bondcoat and adding a new bondcoat and topcoat material such that the new topcoat material overlies the new bondcoat material and a rim of remnant bondcoat material is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to colored reflective features, e.g., reflective security features or reflective decorative features, that optionally exhibit color shifting and to inks and processes for making such features. The features, as well as the inks optionally used to form the features, comprise nanoparticles and a colorant that preferably modifies a spectrum of light that is reflected by a reflective layer formed from the nanoparticles. The processes involve forming the features from one or more inks using a direct write printing process.

Abstract: A method of forming a thin film by an ink jet method including the step of discharging a liquid containing thin film-forming materials and a solvent from liquid discharge ports to each position on a substrate while the liquid discharge ports are being moved relatively to the substrate, characterized in that subsequent droplets are arranged while a solvent vapor evaporating from droplets arranged previously on the substrate are compulsively removed from inside the substrate surface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an image forming process for forming an image-recorded article having a coating layer on at least a part of an image formed, which comprises the steps of providing a liquid composition containing a polymer, providing an image-recorded article formed on a recording medium by an ink-jet recording method, and applying the liquid composition to at least a part of an image of the recorded article to insolubilize the polymer contained in the liquid composition on the surface of the image, thereby forming the coating layer at a position to which the liquid composition has been applied, wherein the recording medium has a surface which insolubilizes the polymer.

Abstract: A coating composition containing a film-forming organosilane polymer, optionally a non-aqueous dispersed polymer, and a crosslinking agent selected from one or both of an organic polyisocyanate and melamine crosslinker. Fluorine functionalities are incorporated in the organosilane polymer to enhance soil resistance and cleanability. The coating composition can be used as a clearcoat over a conventional pigmented basecoat. The coating composition provides improved soil resistance and cleanability.

Abstract: A process is provided for coating/decorating molded resin products having excellent waterproofing properties, which is able to simply and effectively reuse waste FRP. The surface of the molded resin product obtained by mixing, melting, and making mixture 8 containing wood-derived cellulose fine powder 3, resin-derived resin powder 7, and waste FRP 4-derived FRP powder 5 into a given form is coated/decorated. In the process for coating/decorating molded resin products, the surface of the molded resin product is subjected to UV coating/decorating, and after roughening, the surface is subjected to the UV coating/decorating again.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a field emission substrate is disclosed. The method includes the following steps: providing a substrate having a conductive layer; forming a hydrophobic layer on the conduction layer; patterning the hydrophobic layer; and removing the hydrophobic layer from the surface of the conductive layer so that the formed layer of electron-emitting materials can contact the surface of the conductive layer. The patterned hydrophobic layer can include plural bumps, and the pitches between the neighboring bumps are in a range of 1 ?m to 500 ?m. By way of the steps illustrated above, the emitting layer on the substrate can be made easily and arranged accurately. Hence, the electrons can be emitted homogeneously.

Abstract: An apparatus for coating polyimide layer includes a print table, an inkjet head, and a polyimide liquid supply tank, wherein the inkjet head is configured to jet the polyimide liquid in a scan-coating and be shifted by a predetermined shift pitch in a direction until 2N times of scan-coating occurs in which N?2 and N is a natural number. A method for coating polyimide layer includes placing a substrate, loading a polyimide liquid vessel into a polyimide liquid supply tank, jetting the polyimide liquid onto the substrate in a scan-coating, repeating the jetting the polyimide liquid onto the substrate in a scan-coating and the shifting the inkjet head by a predetermined shift pitch until 2N times of scan-coating occurs in which N?2 and N is a natural number.

Abstract: A display device and method thereof which minimizes introduction of oxygen and moisture from the outside includes an insulating substrate, a display part formed on the insulating substrate, a cover substrate combined with the insulating substrate, a filler provided between the insulating substrate and the cover substrate, the filler includes a first region and a second region spaced from the first region and formed at a circumference of the first region, and a moisture absorbent formed in a space between the first region and the second region

Abstract: A production method of a multilayer ceramic electronic device comprising the steps of forming a first green sheet 10a by first paint on a surface of a carrier sheet 20, forming a first electrode pattern layer 12a by second paint on a surface of the first green sheet 10a, forming a second green sheet 10b by third paint on a surface of the first green sheet 10a having the first electrode pattern layer 12a formed thereon, forming a second electrode pattern layer 12b by fourth paint on a surface of the second green sheet 10b, and forming a third green sheet 10c by first paint on a surface of the second green sheet 10b having the second electrode pattern layer 12b formed thereon; wherein the first paint and the second paint are insoluble to each other, the third paint is insoluble to the first paint and second paint, and the third paint and the fourth paint are insoluble to each other; by which a sheet attack does not arise when forming an electrode pattern layer on a surface of a green sheet, and a short-circuiti

Abstract: A process for forming a patterned thin film structure on a substrate is disclosed. A pattern is printed with a material, such as a masking coating or an ink, on the substrate, the pattern being such that, in one embodiment, the desired thin film structures will be formed in the areas where the printed material is not present, i.e., a negative image of thin film structure to be formed is printed. In another embodiment, the pattern is printed with a material that is difficult to strip from the substrate, and the desired thin film structures will be formed in the areas where the printed material is present, i.e., a positive image of the thin film structure is printed. The thin film material is deposited on the patterned substrate, and the undesired area is stripped, leaving behind the patterned thin film structures.

Abstract: A method for making a part, the method comprising: (a) providing an uncured upper layer on a part, a substrate, a workpiece, a support platform, or a base layer, wherein the uncured upper layer comprises resin and also comprises fibers, particles, powder, and/or electronic devices; (b) optionally providing a new uncured upper layer on the uncured upper layer provided in step (a), whereby the uncured upper layer provided in step (a) becomes an uncured lower layer, and wherein the new uncured upper layer comprises resin and also comprises fibers, particles, powder, and/or electronic devices; (c) curing the uncured upper layer and/or the uncured lower layer after step (b) using an electron beam; (d) after step (c), providing a new uncured upper layer on the cured or uncured upper layer, whereby the cured or uncured upper layer becomes a cured or uncured lower layer, and wherein the new uncured upper layer comprises resin and also comprises fibers, particles, powder, and/or electronic devices; (e) optionally curi

Abstract: A release layer paste used for producing a multilayer type electronic device and forming a release layer of a thickness of 0.05 to 0.1 ?m, used in combination with an electrode layer paste including one or more solvents selected from limonene, dihydroterpinyl methyl ether, ?-terpinyl acetate, terpinyl methyl ether, isobornyl acetate, caryophyllene, 1-dihydrocarvyl acetate, menthone, menthyl acetate, perillyl acetate, carvyl acetate, d-dihydrocarvyl acetate, and butyl carbitol acetate and a binder comprised of ethyl cellulose, including a ceramic powder, organic vehicle, plasticizer, and dispersion agent, the organic vehicle containing a binder having polyvinyl acetal as its main ingredient, a ratio (P/B) of the ceramic powder with respect to the binder and plasticizer being controlled to 1.33 to 5.56 (however, excluding 5.56).

Abstract: A method for forming a pattern on a substrate by ejecting droplets containing pattern forming material onto the substrate is disclosed. First droplets containing the pattern forming material are ejected in a first ejecting direction inclined with respect to a normal line of the substrate from a plurality of first ejection ports, which are aligned along a certain direction with respect to a surface of the substrate. Second droplets containing the pattern forming material are ejected in a second ejecting direction and onto areas between adjacent pairs of the first droplets on the substrate from a plurality of second ejection ports, which are aligned along the certain direction.

Abstract: Multi-layer structures are electrochemically fabricated by depositing a first material, selectively etching the first material (e.g. via a mask), depositing a second material to fill in the voids created by the etching, and then planarizing the depositions so as to bound the layer being created and thereafter adding additional layers to previously formed layers. The first and second depositions may be of the blanket or selective type. The repetition of the formation process for forming successive layers may be repeated with or without variations (e.g. variations in: patterns; numbers or existence of or parameters associated with depositions, etchings, and or planarization operations; the order of operations, or the materials deposited). Other embodiments form multi-layer structures using operations that interlace material deposited in association with some layers with material deposited in association with other layers.

Abstract: To improve tensile strength without impairing flexibility and adhesion to concrete, and to form a thick coating in a surface layer part for preventing a basis material from being exposed by damage to the coating, a method of forming double coatings on a prestressing strand includes a primary painting process after a pre-treatment process, in which a resin coating is formed only at the surface layer, a secondary painting process in which respectively individual state resin coating is formed on an outer peripheral face of each of the core wire and surrounding wires under a loosened and separated state, thereby forming a double coating for each surrounding wire, and a finishing process of tightening and retwisting the surrounding wires about the core wire to an original state. The obtained prestressing strand has the double coating portions only at the surface layer and sufficient flexibility and adhesion to concrete.

Abstract: In a method for producing a protective cover for a device formed in a substrate, at first a sacrificial structure is produced on the substrate, wherein the sacrificial structure comprises a first portion covering a first area of the substrate including the device and a second portion extending from the first portion into a second area of the substrate including no device. Then a first cover layer is deposited that encloses the sacrificial structure such that the second portion of the sacrificial structure is at least partially exposed. Then the sacrificial structure is removed, and the structure formed by the removal of the sacrificial structure is closed.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method of coating an object while increasing the temper of an object to peak strength. The method of increasing the temper of the object to peak strength includes providing an object having a substantially homogeneous solution of a precipitate hardening composition; and applying an image atop at least a portion of the object, wherein temperature and time of applying the image provide peak strength in the object. The image may be applied to the object surface by dye sublimation. The object may be a vehicle wheel formed of aluminum.

Abstract: A direct-write method for fabricating magnetic nanostructures, including hard magnetic nanostructures of barium hexaferrite, BaFe, based on nanolithographic printing and a sol-gel process. This method utilizes a conventional atomic force microscope tip, coated with a magnetic material precursor solution, to generate patterns that can be post-treated at elevated temperature to generate magnetic features consisting of barium ferrite in its hexagonal magnetoplumbite (M-type) structure. Features ranging from several hundred nm down to below 100 nm were generated and studied using AFM, magnetic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The approach offers a new way for patterning functional inorganic magnetic nanostructures with deliberate control over feature size and shape, as well as interfeature distance and location.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for transferring a patterned polyelectrolyte multilayer from a first surface, e.g., a PDMS stamp, to a second surface, e.g. fabric or a non-woven material, wherein the patterned polyelectrolyte multilayer on the first surface is brought into contact with the second surface in order to transfer the polyelectrolyte multilayer from the first surface to the second surface. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a stamp comprising a surface coated with a polyelectrolyte multilayer suitable for transfer to a substrate using the aforementioned method of transferring patterned multilayers.

Abstract: The creation method of a dyed drawing includes a step of arranging of a mesh sheet on the surface of the canvas for the dyed drawing, arranging leaves and flowers on the upper surface of a mesh sheet, covering the plant matter with a synthetic resin sheet, creating the dyed drawing on the canvas including pushing the leaves and flowers to the mesh sheet after pressing the synthetic resin sheet with a spatula etc., the pigment of the leaves and flowers outflowing and being adhered to the canvas, and removing the mesh sheet, the leaves and flowers and the synthetic resin sheet which are located on the surface of the canvas for the dyed drawing so the dyed drawing can be created, adhering and transferring the pigment of leaves and flowers of the plant matter to the drawing paper, canvas, etc.

Abstract: A method of making a liquid crystal alignment layer comprising the steps of: (i) providing a layer on a substrate, the layer comprising a polythiophene according to formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent hydrogen or a C1–C4 alkyl group or together represent a C1–C4 alkylene group or a cycloalkylene group; and (ii) mechanically rendering the layer liquid crystal aligning; a liquid crystal alignment layer obtainable by the above-mentioned method; a liquid crystal device incorporating the above-mentioned liquid crystal alignment layer; a liquid crystal display comprising the above-mentioned liquid crystal alignment layer or the above-mentioned liquid crystal device; and the use of the polythiophene according to formula (I) for aligning liquid crystals.

Abstract: An interventional device for delivery of beneficial agent to a lumen and methods of loading and manufacture of the same, which include a prosthesis loaded with beneficial agent to provide a controlled dosage concentration of beneficial agent to the lumen. The beneficial agent is loaded onto the prosthesis by a fluid-dispenser having a dispensing element capable of dispensing the beneficial agent in discrete droplets, each droplet having a controlled trajectory. The method of loading beneficial agent includes dispensing beneficial agent in a raster format and/or an off-axis format along a dispensing path.

Abstract: After displaying information (10) on the surface of an outer wall (4) of a cell structure, a portion surrounding the displayed information (10) is coated with a coating agent to form a region permeated with a coating agent (24) wherein pores (22) of the outer wall (4) are filled with the coating agent in a section of the outer wall (4) on which the information (10) is displayed. The region permeated with a coating agent (24) prevents a catalyst solution from exuding from the inside of the outer wall (4) of the cell structure. According to a method for protecting the displayed information and the cell structure of which surface information is protected by the protection method, a displayed information portion after loading catalyst components is prevented from being colored, and the displayed information can be maintained in a readable state.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of providing a surface layer or structure on a substrate. The method includes ink jet printing spaced first segments of the surface layer or structure material on the substrate and drying or curing the first segments. Additionally, the method includes ink jet printing further material segments in the gaps between the first segments and drying or curing the further segments. In the present invention, the material and/or curing and drying conditions are different in both steps of the method. The method also includes forming a surface layer or structure where segment material and/or curing and drying conditions are chosen so as to control mechanical properties of the surface layer.

Abstract: The present invention related a keypad (1) in which a keypad main body (4) composed of a thermoplastic elastomer has formed thereon a cross-linked cured resin layer (5) of a cross-linked cured resin that is separable from the keypad main body (4) by swelling with a predetermined solvent, or a method of separating the keypad main body (4) and the cross-linked cured resin layer (5).

Abstract: [The present invention] provides a surface treatment method for recorded matter which can improve the weather resistance characteristics such as light resistance, gas resistance and the like of recorded matter in which images are recorded on the recording medium, as well as providing a surface-treated product using this surface treatment method, and a surface treatment apparatus. The surface treatment method of the present invention is characterized in that the surface of recorded matter in which images are recorded on a recording medium is treated using a specified treatment agent. The abovementioned treatment agent is a treatment agent which contains one or more active constituents selected from the group consisting of sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, fluorine compounds, natural resins and synthetic resins, or a treatment agent comprising water or an organic solvent.