Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for forming light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on a substrate, and more specifically for producing LED display screens. The method comprises the steps of: simultaneously depositing a plurality of dots on the substrate to form light-emitting pixels of the same color; and repeating said depositing step in at least one displaced position on the substrate.

Abstract: A vehicle lamp having a front lens with marks formed by irradiating a laser beam on a surface of the lens is disclosed. The laser beam forms the shapes of a mark, and the mark includes recess grooves. Thus, even in cases where the mark is different in displayed content according to the destination of the lamp, for example, and a lamp certification mark must be formed at the same position of the front lens, the mark can be readily formed by suitably performing irradiation control of the laser beam. The method prevents formation of an outline due to a removable mold insert that appears on the inner surface of the front lens and marks formed in a conventional manner in which the removable insert is used to accommodate the changes of the mark displayed content.

Abstract: A process for making a multiple-layer elastomer-coated member, includes applying a coating of an elastomeric material to a supporting metallic substrate; and curing the elastomeric material by exposure to radiant energy in a radiant energy curing apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of a resin dispersion to form a variety of decorative transfers. The transfers can include a decorative medium such as flock. Primary and secondary carriers are used in some embodiments of the invention. The resin dispersion, when gelled and fused, can provide a free-form design article that can be readily applied to any desirable substrate, such as a textile.

Abstract: A sandwiched scrapable layer structure and a method for making the same, the method includes the following steps: a first scrapable layer is coated on the card carrier at a reserved position of the carrier; information is printed on the first scrapable layer; a computer automatically detects and checks the information; a second scrapable label-layer is stuck on the first scrapable layer to cover the information, whereby a card structure with the confidential information sandwiched between the first and the second scrapable layers is obtained for improving confidentiality or safety without additional manufacturing or production costs.

Abstract: A method of printing and the resulting printed product is disclosed which provides a three dimensional raised look and feel without requiring expensive embossing rollers. A surface tension lowering additive is added to ink or clear resin or varnish, and the ink is printed onto a substrate in a pattern of substantially parallel lines, leaving spaces of substrate exposed between the lines of ink or clear resin or varnish. The clear resin or varnish may also be printed on a clear film and ink is then printed on the resin or varnish. The film can then be laminated to a metallized film, foil or other reflective surface. A resin coating is applied over the printed pattern. The resin collects in the areas of exposed substrate due to the differential surface tension. The result is a pattern of raised resin profile ridges oriented along the pattern of ink lines.

Abstract: A system for producing multiple diagnostic test elements has a support (1) with an analytical region (3) to which diagnostic test spots (8) are applied, one or several stop edges (11-13) for each direction in space for positioning the support, a first holding unit (10I) into which the support is inserted and positioned by means of the one or more stop edges, a first printing head (20I) arranged above the holding unit (10) for applying drops of a first liquid to the analytical region of the support (1), a first positioning unit which laterally displaces and positions the first holding unit, a second holding unit (10II) into which the support is inserted and positioned by means of the one or more stop edges, a second printing head (20II) arranged above the second holding unit for applying drops of a second liquid to the analytical region of the support (1), a second positioning unit which laterally displaces and positions the second holding unit, a transport unit (41) and a control unit.

Abstract: A coating system comprises a basecoat of an thermosetting asphalt extended, chemically cross linked—urethane/epoxy hybrid basecoat resting on a substrate, preferably a porous substrate such as concrete or wood that off-gas when coated with a thermoplastic material; and a thermoplastic powder coating topcoat overlying at least the base coat. The thermosetting basecoat composition consisting essentially of, in weight percent based on final formulation, and between 10 and 90% of a petroleum asphalt; between 10 and 90%, of a hydroxy-terminated homopolymer; and between 0.1 and 30% of a functional epoxy reactive diluent for reducing the viscosity of the composition; and further up to 5% of a surfactant for improving surface imperfections, up to 5% of an anti-oxidant; and up to 25% of a thickening agent.

Abstract: Process for producing a multi-layer lacquer finish, in which a surfacer coating compound is applied to a substrate optionally pre-coated with a priming layer and/or further coating layers, and a top coating comprising a color-imparting and/or special-effect-imparting base lacquer layer and a transparent clear lacquer layer, or a top coating comprising a pigmented one-layer top lacquer, is then applied, in which the surfacer coating compound which is used is one which either contains binders which are curable exclusively by free radical and/or cationic polymerization, wherein the said binders are cured by means of high-energy radiation, or is one which contains binders which are curable by free radical and/or cationic polymerization, wherein the said binders are cured by means of high-energy radiation, and additionally contains chemically cross-linking binders.

Abstract: A process for creating microgrooves within or adjacent to a TBC layer applied to a gas turbine engine component such as a blade or vane. The process includes the steps of applying a bond coat to the surface of the substrate. A wire mesh is placed a predetermined distance above the bond coat surface. With the wire mesh in position, about 0.002 inches of an inner TBC is applied over the bond coat. The wire in the wire mesh causes a shadow effect as the TBC is applied, so that there are variations in the thickness of the applied TBC, forming micro channels. The wire mesh is removed and an additional outer TBC layer is applied over the inner TBC layer, and the variations in thickness are bridged by the continued deposition of the columnar TBC over the inner TBC layer, forming the microgrooves.

Abstract: A method of coating a polymer substrate with a dry composition comprising particles is provided. The particles have a Mohs hardness between 1 and 2.5 and preferably a largest dimension of less than 100 microns. The particles are buffed on the substrate with an applicator which moves in a manner parallel to the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: An article having a substrate is protected by a thermal barrier coating system. An interfacial layer contacts the upper surface of the substrate. The interfacial layer may comprise a bond coat only, or a bond coat and an overlay coat. The interfacial layer has on its upper surface a preselected, controllable pattern of three-dimensional features, such as grooves in a parallel array or in two angularly offset arrays. The features are formed by an ablation process using an ultraviolet laser such as an excimer laser. A ceramic thermal barrier coating is deposited over the pattern of features on the upper surface of the interfacial layer.

Abstract: Methods of forming a coating onto an implantable device or endoluminal prosthesis, such as a stent, are provided. The coating may be used for the delivery of an active ingredient. The coating may have a selected pattern of interstices for allowing a fluid to seep through the coating in the direction of the pattern created.

Abstract: System and method for coating a medical appliance is provided. In accord with on embodiment, a system for applying a coating to a medical appliance having accessible patterned surfaces is provided. This system may include: a processor, a support, and a bubble jet printing head having individual printing nozzles. In this system the support may be adapted to hold the medical appliance and to provide direct access for a coating to contact the exposed external patterned surfaces of the medical appliance. The bubble jet printing head in this system may move with respect to the medical appliance and may be in communication with a source of coating and with the processor. The processor in this system may contain commands that instruct the bubble jet printing head to force coating onto the accessible patterned surfaces of the medical appliance in a pattern that correlates with the accessible patterned surfaces of the medical appliance.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a composite wall with an open cell metal foam core layer bonded to an inner cladding layer and an outer cladding layer. The method involves: creating a core substrate of open cell gas permeable foam in a chosen shape; impregnating the open cell foam substrate with metal vapour and depositing a porous layer of metal on exposed internal and external surfaces of the substrate thereby forming the open cell metal foam core through metal vapour deposition; and forming the inner and outer cladding layers upon the metal foam core through spray application of metal or ceramic.

Abstract: A process for the multi-layer repair coating of substrates, wherein a base coat layer of a water-based base coat coating composition is applied to a precoated substrate and a clear coat layer of a transparent clear coat coating composition is applied to the base coat layer thus obtained, characterised in that the base coat layer of the colour- and/or special effect-imparting water-based base coat coating composition is applied in three successive spray passes, and each spray pass is executed such that uniform, adjacent and substantially non-overlapping coating strips are applied to the substrate surface to be coated.

Abstract: A patterned molecular self-assembly is provided. The patterned molecular self-assembly comprises a support having an exposed patterned surface and a non-patterned surface. A compound is selectively adsorbed on the exposed patterned surface. The compound may comprise a first compound selectively adsorbed on the exposed patterned surface and a second compound selectively adsorbed on the first compound to form at least one bilayer. The patterned molecular self-assembly may further comprise a first set of bilayers and a second set of bilayers wherein the first set of bilayers has a different composition than the second set of bilayers.

Abstract: An over the highway heavy duty vehicle in the form of a selected one of a truck and a tractor is disclosed. The vehicle has a frame rail having a through aperture. A conductive solder ring is bonded to the rail and surrounds the aperture. A fastener extends through the aperture to secure an electrical connector in electrically conductive engagement with the ring. A ground cable is connected to the connector. A process for forming the ring is also disclosed.

Abstract: Process for producing a multi-layer lacquer finish, in which a surfacer coating compound is applied to a substrate optionally pre-coated with a priming layer and/or further coating layers, and a top coating comprising a colour-imparting and/or special-effect-imparting base lacquer layer and a transparent clear lacquer layer, or a top coating comprising a pigmented one-layer top lacquer, is then applied, in which coating compounds which contain binders which are curable by free radical and/or cationic polymerisation are employed as the surfacer, the base lacquer and the clear lacquer as well as the one-layer top lacquer, and wherein the said binders are cured by means of high-energy radiation.

Abstract: A process for achieving décor on surface elements (1) which comprises a decorative upper layer (2) and a supporting core (5). A segmentation pattern is selected, the segmentation comprising at least two décor segments on each surface element (1). The shape of the surface element (1), as seen from above, is selected from the group; triangular, quadratic, rectangular, heptagonal, pentagonal and octagonal. The shape of the segments is selected from the group triangular, quadratic, rectangular, heptagonal, pentagonal, octagonal, circular, elliptical, perturbed and irregular. A segment décor is selected for each segment. The segment décor is selected from the group; digitised and simulated depiction of different kinds of wood, minerals and stone, different kinds of fabric, art work and fantasy based décor. Each selection is made on a terminal where the selections emanates from a data base. The selection is visualised via the terminal.

Abstract: A decorative emblem with an enhanced depth of vision is provided. The decorative emblem comprises a decorative substrate, at least one layer of transparent plastic material formed on the top surface of the decorative substrate, and image or design printed on the substantially flat surface of the layer of plastic material, and a transparent plastic overlay flow coated over the image or design, the transparent plastic overlay has radiused edges to give an enhanced depth of vision to the decorative emblem by creating a lens effect and providing a floating appearance to the image or design.

Abstract: A deposition method includes contacting a substrate with a first initiation precursor and forming a first portion of an initiation layer on the substrate. At least a part of the substrate is contacted with a second initiation precursor different from the first initiation precursor and a second portion of the initiation layer is formed on the substrate. The substrate may be simultaneously contacted with a plurality of initiation precursors, forming on the substrate and initiation layer comprising components derived from each of the plurality of initiation precursors. An initiation layer may be contacted with a deposition precursor, forming a deposition layer on the initiation layer. The deposition layer may be contacted with a second initiation precursor different from the first initiation precursor forming a second initiation layer over the substrate.

Abstract: A coating composition which includes from about 95 to about 50 percent by weight, based on the weight of the coating composition, of particles of a polymer having a solubility parameter of from about 19 to about 28 (MPa)½ and particle sizes of from about 0.5 to about 50 micrometers. The coating composition also includes from about 5 to about 50 percent by weight, based on the weight of the coating composition, of a binder. The binder may be essentially any polymer which can be dispersed or dissolved in the coating vehicle or solvent. Convenient binders are polymeric lattices such as poly(vinyl acetate), acrylic lattices etc., amine-dispersed carboxylated polymers such as polyesters and ethylene-acrylic acid lattices, and the like. The coating composition also may include a surfactant. For example, the surfactant may be nonionic. Other ingredients also may be present. Examples of such other ingredients include, by way of illustration only, crosslinking agents, viscosity modifiers, and defoamers.

Abstract: A surface covering, particularly a sheet vinyl floor or wall covering, wherein a decorative wet laid felt sheet is employed to impart decorative effects to the finished product. The decorative felt sheet is overlaid at least with a translucent wearlayer and optional decoration can be provided by printing, decorative particles, mechanical and/or chemical embossing and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for finishing valuable printed paper sheets. The purpose of said finishing method is to improve the recognition of security features. For that purpose, the valuable printed paper sheets are partly or entirely covered with a varnish used for increasing the durability of said valuable printed paper sheets and for enhancing said security features.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a gravure transfer-coated continuous metal plate, wound in the form of a coil, comprising: coating, over the metal plate, a primer coating material; curing the primer coating material to form a lower coating layer; thermally transferring a desired pattern from a gravure transfer sheet onto the lower coating layer, thereby forming a transfer coating; coating, over the transfer coating, an upper coating material of thermosetting fluorine resin, thermosetting polyester resin, or UV-thermosetting polyurethane-acryl-based resin; and curing the upper coating material to form an upper coating layer. The primer coating material consists essentially of: 20-40% polyester resin having a number average molecular weight of 5,000-20,000 and a glass transition temperature of 10-50° C., 4-15% melamine resin, 1-10% urethane resin, 0.3-3% isocyanate, 15-35% pigment 30-50% hydrocarbon/ester-based mixed solvent, and 1.5-3% additives.

Abstract: A transparent layered product in which the ratio of a refractive-index transition layer at the surface of a coating film is set to be a suitable ratio for increasing light transmittance is provided. In a coating film with a rough surface formed on a glass sheet, the thickness of a transition layer in which the refractive index varies continuously in its thickness direction is set to be in a range between 13% and 65% of the thickness of a layer having a substantially constant refractive index in the coating film.

Abstract: Functionalized polymer surfaces having reactive moieties thereon are contacted with stamps having ligands adsorbed thereto, the ligands also comprising reactive moieties. The reactive moieties of the functionalized surfaces and the ligands form covalent bonds, thus providing a method of microstamping polymer surfaces directly with ligands such as biological ligands. Using this method, devices such as tissue culture plates with polymer surfaces that are microstamped directly with ligands can be made.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a building panel with which a satisfactory three-dimensional effect can be easily imparted to a designed surface thereof, the designed surface including concave and convex portions. The method for manufacturing the building panel, obtained by forming a dot-coating layer on a designed surface, includes the steps of transferring a dot-presenting paint onto the designed surface for forming a plurality of dots via a transfer roll, the transfer roll having a plurality of protruding portions on a roll surface in order to form the dot-coating layer, wherein the plurality of dots are formed so that areas of the dots are varied through differences in pressurizing force applied by the protruding portions onto the designed surface.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for coating a substrate in order to provide a component formed by the substrate with a desired aesthetic apperance. The method eliminates production steps, reduces production time and reduces production costs compared to known coating processes. This method comprises the steps of washing a substrate with a cleaning agent, rinsing said cleaning agent from the substrate and pouring or showering a waterborne adhesion promoter over the substrate. The method also includes the steps of heat flashing the substrate carrying the adhesion promoter, applying a base coat after the heat flash step has been completed and applying a decorative coating layer onto the substrate after the base coat has been applied. The method can also include the steps of applying a clear cover coat over the decorative coating layer and curing the clear cover coat to the substrate.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a tape for a tape rule disclosed herein comprises the steps of adding a dyestuff into a polyester material mixed with a binding glue and churning the mixture so as to offer the polyester material a specified color; adhering the colored polyester material by rolling with a 150° C. hot roller to both surfaces of a steel tape so as to form a base coat film; printing graduations on one or both surfaces of the tape already having the base coating; drying the tape by infrared radiation; rolling a mixture of a transparent polyester and a binding glue with the 150° C. hot roller on both surfaces of the tape to form a protecting layer; and finishing fabrication of the tape. The tape fabricated is flat, stiff, flexible, and friction resistant, also capable of saving production costs.

Abstract: Sheet products, such as card stock, envelopes and other paper products (10) are advanced on a vacuum surface conveyor belt (30) beneath a glue applicator drum (35). The glue transfer strips (37 and 38) of the glue applicator drum apply stripes of glue (42 and 43) at the ends of the sheet product, leaving a belt engaging space (41) without glue between the glue stripes. The sheet product is grasped by overlying conveyor belts (46 and 47) at the belt engaging space (41), thereby exposing the wet glue stripes on opposite sides of the belts. Hot air is applied on opposite sides of the conveyor belts (46 and 47), drying the glue. The glue transfer strips (37 and 38) of the glue applicator drum can be adjusted in size, shape and position so as to apply glue to one end, the other end, or both ends of the sheet product, and if glue is applied to only one end, one of the dryers (50 or 51) can be deactivated, saving energy.

Abstract: The present invention provides a repair coating process, the repair coating process consisting of grinding the part of an intermediate coating surface to be repaired and then performing a repair coating of the ground part with a thermo-curable organic solvent type repair paint (F) containing a neutralized product of a hydroxyl group-containing resin having an acid value of 5-100 mgKOH/g and a crosslinking agent in forming multilayer coating films by coating an electro-deposition paint (A) and an intermediate paint (B) and curing them by heating, then, after performing a repair coating on the intermediate coating surface, successively coating wet-on-wet a white water base coat (C), a pearly base coat (D), and a clear coat (E), and then curing by crosslinking the films of the above-mentioned coats (C), (D), and (E) simultaneously through heating.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus and method for semi-selectively depositing a material on a substrate by chemical vapor deposition to form continuous, void-free contact holes or vias in sub-half micron applications. An insulating layer is preferentially deposited on the field of a substrate to delay or inhibit nucleation of metal on the field. A CVD metal is then deposited onto the substrate and grows selectively in the contact hole or via where a barrier layer serves as a nucleation layer. The process is preferably carried out in a multi-chamber system that includes both PVD and CVD processing chambers so that once the substrate is introduced into a vacuum environment, the filling of contact holes and vias occurs without the formation of an oxide layer on a patterned substrate.

Abstract: A system and method for printing a predetermined pattern on sheet metal wound in a roll is claimed. The sheet metal is placed in a processing line, wherein the roll of sheet metal is unwound from a first roll, processed and rewound into a second roll. During processing, the sheet metal is cleaned and painted. The painted sheet metal is then advanced under at least one computer controlled printing head that prints a predetermined pattern of ink onto the sheet metal. The printed pattern of ink is then coated with a protective coating.

Abstract: A metallized article and method for making the article, including a substrate having a polyurethane basecoat disposed thereon, with a layer of electrically discrete metallic islands of a corrosion prone metal disposed on the basecoat. A cross-linked polyurethane topcoat, containing an aminosilane, is further disposed on an encapsulates the discrete metallic islands.

Abstract: Dyed polyester fabrics may be printed with a plastisol printing composition substantially without dissolving the dye in the polyester fabric by initially applying a blocking composition to the fabric to form a printing receptor barrier, after curing of the blocking composition, imprinting the plastisol in a desired image or pattern onto the barrier and finally curing the print. The barrier substantially separates the fabric and the plastisol from one another to prevent chemical interaction between the printing composition and the dye in the polyester fabric, thereby to prevent undesired discoloration of the printing composition.

Abstract: A hidden image game piece and a method by which a hidden image game piece is produced and used. A first hidden image game piece is formed on a transparent or translucent substrate. A second hidden image game piece is formed electronically, and optionally printed or, alternatively, saved and distributed in electronic format. The hidden image game piece can be used to distributed either physically or electronically, and it may be used to derive demographic information from recipients, to drive them to web sites or retail outlets, and to provide a means for distributing advertising, either on the game pieces or at a game site, which may be a physical site, such as a retail outlet, or an electronic site, such as an Internet site. The methods of the present invention include the method of producing a game piece, the method of deriving demographic information from recipients of the game pieces, and the method of providing advertising to recipients of the game pieces.

Abstract: Compositions containing polyurethane dispersions and water reducible resins particularly suited for use as basecoats in low VOC basecoat/clearcoat vehicle coatings.

Abstract: A thermal barrier coating system for a superalloy substrate is disclosed. The superalloy is preferably of the type that is capable of forming an adherent alumina layer. A bond coat is applied to a local area of the substrate, so that a portion of the substrate remains exposed. The localized area is defined to be the area(s) at which a TBC typically fails first, e.g., the leading and trailing edges of an airfoil, or other area. An alumina layer is formed on the remaining portion of the substrate, and also on the bond coat. A ceramic layer is then applied on the alumina layer. Even if the ceramic material is removed, the localized bond coat remains, and reduces the rate at which the underlying substrate oxidizes. A coated article is also disclosed, as is a system that utilizes a conventional superalloy and aluminide coating with the localized bond coat.

Abstract: A method for painting a vehicle is disclosed. The method includes applying a first base coat to a first portion of the body of the vehicle and applying a second base coat to a second portion of the vehicle while the first base coat remains unmasked, effective to cooperate with the first base coat to form a line of demarcation.

Abstract: In a paste applying method for applying paste in an application area set on the surface of the object to be applied, the application efficiency is enhanced and the application quality is improved by applying the paste in an undulation pattern of convex and concave shape that defines the interior of the surface of the object on which no paste is deposited, where the interior area is substantially enclosed by the undulation pattern of the paste. A discharge port of an application nozzle is moved with one continuous line from an application start point to an application end point along the moving route by a plurality of passing points. The plurality of passing points are set at each comer of the application area and include a plurality of first passing points and a plurality of second passing points, where the first passing points are set at each corner of the application area and the second passing points are set at the central side of the application area.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a security device, the method comprising providing a radiation curable material on a shrinkable substrate; imparting an optically variable effect structure on or into the radiation curable material; and curing the material so that it retains the optically variable effect structure.

Abstract: Injection stretch blowmolded polyester tubes have been developed for use in packaging water-containing products. Polyester resins have good barrier properties for organic materials but poor moisture barrier properties. It has been found that the moisture barrier properties can be increased by coating the exterior surface of the tube with a first material which adheres to the tube polyester surface and to an overlayer of a moisture barrier comprising polyvinylidene chloride, However, since the overlayer of polyvinylidene chloride can develop a yellow tint, the overlayer in one embodiment is coated with an opaque decorative layer to prevent or mask the gradual yellowing of the polyvinylidene chloride overlayer. In another embodiment where the tube is to be substantially transparent, the product in the tube will have a color that will substantially cancel the yellow tint that is developed by the polyvinylidene chloride overlayer.

Abstract: The methods to create three-dimensional artworks (such as painting, sculpture, calligraphy) comprise heating and melting the polymeric compounds, applying molten polymeric compounds to various substrates (paper, wood, ceramic, metal, marble, plastics, glass, fabric, rubber, stone). Once applied, the molten polymer can be manipulated at artist's discrete while it is still fluid and soft. The heating applicator and heating tools are used to melt and manipulate the polymeric compounds before or after polymeric compounds solidify. The resulting products have a physical three-dimensional sculptured structure.

Abstract: Fluorinated triazinic compounds having the formula: wherein Z=T—Y, with T=—(CH2)q, —SO2, —CO, q= is an integer from 1 to 20; Y=O—, O(C2H4O)p—, O(CH2)n—NR—, O (CH2)n—O—, O(C3H6O)p—, NR—, S—, S(C2H4O)p—, S(C3H6O)p—; wherein R=H, alkyl from 1 to 10 C atoms; n is an integer from 1 to 20; p is an integer from 1 to 5; Rf represents a linear or branched fluoroalkyl chain or a (per)fluoropolyether chain. X is selected from: Cl; Rf—CF2—Z; CF3—Z. Use of these triazinic compounds or of their formulations for the treatment of natural or synthetic fiber textiles.

Abstract: To provide a method for repairing a coated surface of a vehicle, using an ultraviolet curing resin having excellent quick-drying property, and giving a good finish in a shortened working time, a method for repairing the damage on a coated surface of a vehicle being a depression and/or a depletion of a coating film, which is characterized by comprising the following steps a) to c): a) filling a putty raw material comprising an ultraviolet polymerizing resin composition in an optionally pretreated damage portion and ultraviolet curing the putty raw material to fill the damaged portion with the putty; b) uniformly spray coating, on the coated surface including at least the putty-covered surface after the step a), a primer surfacer raw material comprising an ultraviolet polymerizing resin composition having a viscosity sufficient for spray coating and ultraviolet curing the obtained raw material coating film to form a primer surfacer layer; and c) applying a top coat on the primer surfacer layer obtained in b)

Abstract: A polyimide for optical communications, which is expressed by the formula (1), a method of preparing the same, and a method of forming multiple polyimide films using the polyimide, wherein the formula (1) is given by X1, X2, X3, A1, A2, B1, B2, B3, D1, D2, E1, E2, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, Y7, and Y8, are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl group, halogenated alkyl group, aryl group and halogenated aryl group; Z is a simple chemical bond or selected from the group consisting of —O—, —CO—, —SO3—, —S—, —(T)m—, —(OT)m— and —(OTO)m—, wherein T is alkylene or arylene group substituted by at least one of halogen atom and halogenated alkyl group and m is an integer from 1 to 10; and n is an integer from 1 to 39.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device having an electroconductive film including an electron-emitting region arranged between a pair of device electrodes is manufactured. The electroconductive film is formed by applying a liquid containing the material of the film to a substrate by using an ink-jet method, then drying and heating the applied liquid. Defective conditions, if any, in the applied liquid or the precursor film formed by drying the liquid or the electroconductive film formed by heating the precursor film are detected and remedied by applying the same liquid again to the area detected for a defective condition. The detection and remedy of any defective condition may be conducted after the liquid-applying, drying or baking step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of derivatizing semiconductor surfaces, particularly porous silicon surfaces with silicon-carbon units. The derivatization occurs through the direct addition of an organometallic reagent in the absence of an external energy source such as heat and photo- or electrochemical energies. The method of the invention allows the formation of unique intermediates including silicon hydride units bonded to metal ions. Because of these unique intermediates, it is possible to form previously inaccessible silicon-carbon units, for example where the carbon atom is an unsaturated carbon atom. Such inaccessible silicon-carbon units also include silicon-polymer covalent bond formation, in particular where the polymer is a conducting polymer. Thus, the present invention also provides a novel semiconductor surface/polymer junction having improved interfacial interactions.