Abstract: A textile-reinforced composite friction material is provided by the present invention that includes a nonwoven needlepunched fiber mat, a resin matrix impregnated within and onto the fiber mat, and a carbon nanomaterial dispersed within the resin matrix. The carbon nanomaterial is preferably carbon nanotubes and/or carbon nanofibers.

Abstract: A method of repairing a vehicle bed-liner includes depositing a two-component patching material into the defect and placing a template having a design surface over the defect in the bed-liner, with the design surface facing the defect. A rigid backing plate can be placed over the template. The template is biased toward the patching material to form a patch in the bed-liner.

Abstract: A structure and method for producing color filters with a protective silation layer is described. In one embodiment, each filter is coated with a silation layer to prevent bleeding of material between closely spaced filters during the fabrication process. In a second embodiment, the silation layer is used to protect an array of filters from physical damage during detaping operations. In a third embodiment, the silation layer is used before fabrication later filters in a color filter array to prevent damage to previous filter layers.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is applied to an interior of a hollow substrate. The composition is coated on the substrate by immersing the substrate into a vessel containing a bath of coating slurry. A vacuum is then applied to the partially immersed substrate. The intensity of the vacuum and its application time is sufficient to draw the coating slurry upwardly from the bath into each of a plurality of channels located in the interior of the hollow substrate. After removing the substrate from the bath it is rotated 180°. A blast of pressurized air is applied at an intensity and for a time sufficient to distribute the coating slurry within the channels of the substrate to form a uniform coating profile therein.

Abstract: The invention provides a network composition comprising a plurality of associated saccharide chains wherein a chain comprises at least one saccharide component; and at least one first monomer, at least one second monomer, or combinations of both; wherein the first monomer is linked to the saccharide component by ester linkages; ether linkages; amide linkages; ketone linkages; or combinations thereof; wherein the second monomer is linked to the saccharide component by ester linkages; ether linkages; amide linkages; ketone linkages; urea linkages; carbamate linkages, aluminum oxide linkages; siloxane linkages; or combinations thereof; wherein first monomers are linked to each other by ester linkages; ether linkages; amide linkages; ketone linkages; or combinations thereof; wherein the first monomer is linked to the second monomer by ester linkages; ether linkages; amide linkages; ketone linkages; urea linkages; carbamate linkages; aluminum oxide linkages; siloxane linkages or combinations thereof; wherein the s

Abstract: An apparatus and method for retaining individual sheets of substrate in a curved configuration during coating or printing is disclosed.

Abstract: A vapor deposition source for use in vacuum chamber for coating an organic layer on a substrate of an OLED device, includes a manifold including side and bottom walls defining a chamber for receiving organic material, and an aperture plate disposed between the side walls, the aperture plate having a plurality of spaced apart apertures for emitting vaporized organic material; the aperture plate including conductive material which in response to an electrical current produces heat; means for heating the organic material to a temperature which causes its vaporization, and heating the side walls of the manifold; and an electrical insulator coupling the aperture plate to the side walls for concentrating heat in the unsupported region of the aperture plate adjacent to the apertures, whereby the distance between the aperture plate and the substrate can be reduced to provide high coating thickness uniformity on the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for protecting the surface of an SiC substrate. This process comprises deposition of a temporary protection layer with a thickness equal to at least two monolayers on the surface of the substrate to be protected, the protection layer being composed of gallium nitride. Advantageously, the protection layer of gallium nitride may be obtained by depositing gallium on the surface of the substrate, followed by nitridation of the gallium layer formed. The invention also relates to an “epiready” substrate. This substrate comprises an SiC substrate for which at least one surface is covered by a temporary protection layer, the said layer being composed of GaN and being two monolayers thick.

Abstract: A method for coating substrates with calcium phosphate. The aim of the method is to be able to carry out a simple coating for all materials as well as for particles. To this end, the substrate to be coated is placed in a calcium phosphate gel, whereupon this substrate that is coated with the gel is dried. Afterwards, the calcium phosphate particles not adhering to the substrate are removed. The substrate can also be placed inside a colloidal solution of SiO2 containing a calcium phosphate, whereupon the mixture is constantly set in motion, the solvent is removed, and the substrate is provided with a calcium phosphate layer by condensing the colloidal SiO2 on the surface of the substrate. The coated substrates can, particularly when it concerns coated particles, be used as a bone substitute material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reaction device that includes a metal substrate and an R2O3 film. The R2O3 film has a crystal structure structured with at least one rare earth element R selected from the group including Sc, Y, La, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu. The R2O3 film is formed on at least a portion of a surface of the metal substrate where an insulation property is needed.

Abstract: Disclosed are substrates with a first hydrophobic layer having a first contact angle and a second hydrophobic layer having a second contact angle, the first hydrophobic layer between the second hydrophobic layer and the substrate, the first contact angle being greater than the second contact angle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the coating of objects made of valve metals or their alloys with a thin barrier layer consisting of the metal and an oxide ceramic layer provided thereon whose surface has been coated with fluoropolymers, characterized in that the fluoropolymers are introduced into the capillary system of the oxide ceramic layer in the form of a solution by vacuum impregnation, followed by removing the non-wetting portions of the solution and drying.

Abstract: There is disclosed a film forming method comprising continuously discharging a solution adjusted so as to spread over a substrate by a given amount to the substrate through a discharge port disposed in a nozzle, moving the nozzle and substrate with respect to each other, and holding the supplied solution onto the substrate to form a liquid film, wherein a distance h between the discharge port of the nozzle and the substrate is set to be not less than 2 mm and to be in a range less than 5×10?5 q? (mm) given with respect to a surface tension ? (N/m) of the solution, discharge speed q (m/sec) of the solution continuously discharged through the discharge port, and a constant of 5×10?5 (m·sec/N)

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions, coatings, coating formulations, etc., containing quaternary ammonium compounds and their use.

Abstract: Method and system for functionalizing a collection of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). A selected precursor gas (e.g., H2 or F2 or CnHm) is irradiated to provide a cold plasma of selected target particles, such as atomic H or F, in a first chamber. The target particles are directed toward an array of CNTs located in a second chamber while suppressing transport of ultraviolet radiation to the second chamber. A CNT array is functionalized with the target particles, at or below room temperature, to a point of saturation, in an exposure time interval no longer than about 30 sec.

Abstract: Multi-layer films particularly suited for packaging applications, including a core layer, a seal layer located on one side of the core layer, the seal layer comprising a polyolefin polymer and a silicone gum and a metallized layer located on the opposite side of the core layer from the seal layer are provided. Optionally, the multi-layer film may have a first tie layer located intermediate the core layer and the seal layer and/or a second tie layer located intermediate the core layer and the metallized layer. Embodiments may have the desirable combination of improved metal adhesion and slip properties.

Abstract: A conductive diamond electrode including an electrode substrate comprising a material selected from the group consisting of a valve metal and an alloy based on the valve metal, at least a surface of the metal or alloy having been subjected to plasticization processing, or heat treatment in vacuum or inert atmosphere; and a conductive diamond film formed on the plasticization processed surface of the electrode substrate. When the electrode substrate is subjected to plasticization processing and heat treatment, peeling resistance of the conductive diamond film is improved, thereby an electrode life is prolonged.

Abstract: A method of depositing conformal film into high aspect ratio spaces includes the step of forming a gradient of precursor gas inside the space(s) prior to deposition. The gradient may be formed, for example, by reducing the pressure within the deposition chamber or by partial evacuation of the deposition chamber. The temperature of the substrate is then briefly increased to preferentially deposit precursor material within the closed or “deep” portion of the high aspect ratio space. The process may be repeated for a number of cycles to completely fill the space(s). The process permits the filling of high aspect ratio spaces without any voids or keyholes that may adversely impact the performance of the resulting device.

Abstract: Water-based wax emulsions, optionally for use in conjunction with alkaline copper and/or quaternary ammonium based preservatives systems, are described. These emulsions are comprised of natural or synthetic wax, nonionic surfactants having HL B values greater than 11, anionic surfactants, and water. Certain emulsion compositions as described in this specification posses the unique property of maintaining emulsion stability in wood preservatives during extended use in typical wood treatment processes. Water-repellant wood treated with the wax emulsions are described. A method of treating wood, comprising providing wood and treating the wood with the wax emulsion under conditions effective to increase its water repellency is also disclosed.

Abstract: A coating apparatus includes a cylindrical holding chamber having open ends, an opening formed in an inner surface and an inner diameter; a specimen having a curved inner surface with a radius of curvature that is equal to one half the inner diameter of the cylindrical holding chamber, the specimen having a size such that, when inserted in the opening in the inner surface of the cylindrical holding chamber, the inner surface of the cylindrical holding chamber and the curved inner surface of the specimen form a continuous surface; a counter bore formed radially outward from the opening in the inner wall of the cylindrical holding chamber; at least one evacuation hole extending from an interior of the cylindrical holding chamber through a wall of the cylindrical holding chamber to the counter bore; a flat formed on an exterior surface of the cylindrical holding chamber around the counter bore; and fastener holes formed around the counter bore and extending from the flat into the wall of the cylindrical holding

Abstract: A rotatable vacuum chamber receives an optical connector having an output face on which an optical gel is applied substantially without entrapped air. Opposite the output face is placed a gel dispenser with its opened nozzle pointing towards the output face. Uncured gel components contained in the dispenser are outgased prior to application of the gel on the output face while a vacuum is maintained in the chamber. Outgasing takes place at a first chamber orientation with the nozzle pointing upwards through which the outgasing air ventilates. The gel is applied at a second chamber orientation where the output face is horizontal and upwards pointing. Immediately following the gel application, the vacuum is unmade to prevent cooking of the mixed and uncured gel. A glass plate is then pressed against the applied fluid gel.

Abstract: A resin, method of resin infusion, and parts formed thereby are disclosed. The method is particularly useful in greatly strengthening appearance prototypes such as those formed on powder bed three-dimensional printers to make them suitable for handling and testing in a host of environments. The method comprises heating the liquid resin to lower its viscosity, infusing a porous form with the heated resin and curing the infused resin to form the part. The liquid resin is typically heated from about 35° C. to about 80° C. and most preferably is under vacuum with the porous form submerged therein to facilitate infusion. Excess resin is removed from the porous form and reusable for subsequent infusion. The resin-infused form is then cured, typically by heating in the range of 100° C. to 200° C. Resulting parts may be very hard and have very high compressive strengths, even exceeding 30,000 psi.

Abstract: A process for forming a low emissivity, moisture vapor permeable metallized composite sheet by coating a moisture vapor permeable sheet with at least one metal and exposing the freshly deposited metal to an oxidizing plasma thereby forming a protective synthetic metal oxide over the metal. The composite sheet material is suitable for use as a building construction barrier layer such as roof lining and house wrap.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and process for producing a thin organic film on a substrate using an ultrasonic nozzle to produce a cloud of micro-droplets in a vacuum chamber. The micro-droplets move turbulently within the vacuum chamber, isotropically impacting and adhering to the surface of the substrate. The resulting product has a smooth, continuous, conformal, and uniform organic thin film, when the critical process parameters of micro-droplet size, shot size, vacuum chamber pressure, and timing are well-controlled, and defects such as “orange peel” effect and webbing are avoided. The apparatus includes an improved ultrasonic nozzle assembly that comprises vacuum sealing and a separate, independent passageway for introducing a directed purging gas.

Abstract: A method of forming a compacted pellet of organic materials adaptable for making an organic layer on a structure which will form part of an OLED display, includes providing a sublimable organic material in a powder form; providing a thermally insulating and non-sublimable inorganic material in a powder form; forming a mixture of the sublimable organic powder and thermally insulating and non-sublimable inorganic powder; placing such mixture into a die and using two punches, a lower and an upper punch, to apply sufficient pressure to the mixture to cause the mixture of powders to consolidate into a solid pellet; applying heat to the die during or prior to applying pressure by the opposing punches to aid in causing the mixture of powders to consolidate into a solid compacted pellet, and removing the pellet from the die.

Abstract: An exemplary method of making a hydrophilic article includes controlling a rate of precipitation of titania from a titanate to allow coating at least a selected portion of the article with the titanate before the precipitation is complete.

Abstract: A method is disclosed to measure the permeability of films or coatings towards solvents (e.g. water). First a substrate comprising an absorption or container layer is provided, preferably the material is a porous material. To study water permeability, the porous material is hydrophilic or is made hydrophilic by means of e.g. an anneal process. To study the permeability of the film or coating, the coating is deposited on top of the porous material. The substrate comprising the film or coating on top of the absorption or container layer is then brought into a pressurizable chamber subsequently filled with the gaseous substance of the solvent (e.g. water vapor). By increasing/decreasing the vapor pressure in the chamber between zero and the equilibrium vapor pressure of the solvent used, the permeability (penetration) of solvent through the film or coating can be determined. The amount of solvent that can penetrate through the film or coating can be measured by means of ellipsometry, mass spectrometry, etc.

Abstract: Conductive ink compositions which can be cured to highly conductive metal traces by means of “chemical welding” include adhesion promoting additives for providing improved adhesion of the compositions to various substrates.

Abstract: A coating apparatus and coating method include a device for conveying an object to be coated; a coating device which is disposed in a vicinity of a conveyed surface of the object, and which discharges a coating liquid, and which forms a bridge of the liquid between the device and the object which is conveyed by the device for conveying an object to be coated, and which coats the liquid on at least one surface of the object; and a gas stream blowing device which, immediately after starting of coating, blows out a gas from a direction substantially opposite to a object conveying direction, toward a portion of the object where coating starts.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method of producing an integral multilayered porous membrane by simultaneously co-casting a plurality of polymer solutions onto a support to form a multilayered liquid sheet and immersing the sheet into a liquid coagulation bath to effect phase separation and form a porous membrane. The support can be a temporary support or form an integrated support for the membrane. The plurality of layers may be of the same polymer or different, same concentration or viscosity or different and may be subjected to the same processing conditions or different ones to form unique structures.

Abstract: This method forms a patterned film. The method prepares a transfer member having a transfer surface on which asperities are formed in accordance with a film pattern to be formed, performs stripping treatment on surfaces of at least ridges formed on the transfer surface of the transfer member, thereafter forms a thin film formed by a technology of vacuum film formation on the surfaces of the at least ridges formed on the transfer surface of the transfer member and transfers the thin film formed on the surfaces of at least ridges of the transfer member onto a substrate, thereby forming the patterned film on the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a stucco wall structure for a building. The wall substrate is arranged for receipt of subsequent layers of surface material. The margin or periphery of said wall to be treated has a screed attached thereto. A sprayed-on coating of urethane is applied onto the wall substrate between the screeds to insure continuous bonding and adherency to the substrate. A first layer of polymer-based base coat and mesh covering is applied to the sprayed-on coating of urethane to provide anchoring and adhesion of a subsequent layer of stucco. An outer layer of stucco applied over the first layer of polymer-based base coat as a final coat thereon.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for blacking components. In order to develop a method which creates black surfaces on components which are not inclined to peal off, and in which no fluids or baths are used which are expensive to produce, maintain or dispose of, it is proposed that the surfaces of the component are subjected to a heat treatment with simultaneous administration of a carbon-emitting medium inside the processing space. Furthermore, the invention concerns a device that can be operated using the method of the invention.

Abstract: A new method is proposed for the production of plane-parallel platelets, comprising the steps a) vapor-deposition, at a pressure below atmospheric pressure, of a separating agent onto a carrier to produce a separating agent layer, b) vapor-deposition, at a pressure below atmospheric pressure, of at least one product layer onto the separating agent layer, c) dissolution of the separating agent layer in a solvent and production of a suspension in which the at least one product layer is present in the form of plane-parallel platelets, in which method the separating agent is selected from the group consisting of anthracene, anthraquinone, acetamidophenol, acetylsalicylic acid, camphoric anhydride, benzimidazole, benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, biphenyl-2,2-dicarboxylic acid, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-sulfone, dihydroxyanthraquinone, hydantoin, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid monohydrate, 4-hydroxycoumarin, 7-hydroxycoumarin, 3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid, isophthalic acid, 4,4-meth

Abstract: A porous substrate is pretreated in a plasma field and a functionalizing monomer is immediately flash-evaporated, deposited and cured over the porous substrate in a vacuum vapor-deposition chamber. By judiciously controlling the process so that the resulting polymer coating adheres to the surface of individual fibers in ultra-thin layers (approximately 0.02–3.0 ?m) that do not extend across the pores in the material, the porosity of the porous substrate is essentially unaffected while the fibers and the final product acquire the desired functionality. The resulting polymer layer is also used to improve the adherence and durability of metallic and ceramic coatings.

Abstract: A disc is produced using a method of and an apparatus for forming a transparent layer on a disc substrate. The method for forming the transparent layer on the disc substrate includes covering an axial hole formed at a center of the disc substrate with a cover element by inserting a protrusion of the cover element in the axial hole of the disc substrate so that a resin does not leak through the axial hole, dispensing the resin toward the center of the disc substrate from an upper side of the disc substrate, and removing the cover element. A more uniform transparent layer can be obtained throughout the disc substrate.

Abstract: An environmentally-friendly process for applying a chrome finish on a substrate is provided. The chrome finish comprises a thin film of aluminum and chromium deposited onto the substrate by physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques. The thin layer can consist of three separately deposited metallic layers including a chromium layer sandwiched between a pair of aluminum layers or can consist of a single, simultaneously co-deposited layer of aluminum and chromium in a ratio of 10% to 70% by weight chromium and 30% to 90% aluminum. The structure of a coated substrate is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plating method and apparatus, which is capable of introducing plating solution into the fine channels and holes formed in a substrate without needing to add a surface active agent to the plating solution, and capable of forming a high-quality plating film having no defects or omissions. The plating method for performing electrolytic or electroless plating of an object using a plating solution comprises: conducting a plating operation after or while deaerating dissolved gas in the plating solution; and/or conducting a preprocessing operation using a preprocessing solution after or while deaerating dissolved gas in the preprocessing solution and subsequently conducting the plating operation.

Abstract: An applying method for an adhesive according to an embodiment includes the following steps. First, gas is exhausted from a first exhaust pipe, so as to eliminate a part of the gas in a closed container. Next, the gas continues to be exhausted from the first exhaust pipe, so as to have the adhesive in the transmission pipeline become bubbled, and also to convey the bubbled adhesive to reach the supply vent. Later, gas is exhausted from the second exhaust pipe and continues to be exhausted from the first exhaust pipe, so as to greatly exhaust the gas in the closed container, and also to increase bubbling in the adhesive. Subsequently, the gas continues to be exhausted from the second exhaust pipe and ceases to be exhausted from the first exhaust pipe, so as to cause the adhesive to reach a gasified state. Also the gasified adhesive is supplied to the closed container from the supply vent, so that the gasified adhesive can adhere to and coat above the SiO2 layer.

Abstract: The coating apparatus and method enable the coating liquid having been scraped-off to be reused without doing any one of the fluid adjusting treatment and the filtering treatment, while maintaining the features of the scraping-off type of extrusion coater, which is suitable for obtaining a uniform and extremely thin coating film. The coating head is provided with two slits: a coating slit and a recovering slit, and the excessive coating liquid having been discharged through the coating slit and applied to the web is scraped-off and recovered through the recovering slit.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for curtain coating of a moved substrate like a paper web substrate is moved below a liquid supply means providing a single or multilayer liquid coating in the form of a free-falling curtain impinging the substrate at a dynamic wetting line and a blade or air shield located upstream of the dynamic wetting line with respect to the moving direction of the substrate. The dynamic wetting line of the coating curtain on the substrate or web is oriented generally perpendicular to the moving direction of the substrate or web, providing substantially the same air pressure over an essential part of the coating curtain on its front and back side with respect to the moving direction of the substrate and providing a first supply air flow upstream to the wetting line.

Abstract: A method for impregnating porous monolith supports with catalytically active materials is disclosed. The impregnation is carried out at a temperature which substantially reduces chemisorption rates such that reactions between the monolith substrate and catalytically active materials in the catalyst solution are minimized. The process can be completed in a practical time that allows for unit selectivity of the weight ratio of catalytically active materials in the substrate to the weight ratio of catalytically active materials in the catalyst solution.

Abstract: A defect free semipermeable composite membrane having excellent integrity and high water permeability is provided. Said composite membrane comprises an inside support layer to provide sufficient mechanical strength; an outside barrier layer to provide selective separation; and a middle layer to provide both physical adhesion and chemical binding between said support and said barrier layer to bond them together. Three different methods for making said defect free composite membrane are discovered. These methods have been successfully utilized to produce high quality coatings and defect free composite membranes, which are independent of chemical composition and physical structure of said support. In the present invention, ultrasonic sonication is discovered to be effective to speed up the phase inversion process of a membrane casting solution, thus allows produce a composite membrane at a speed much higher than those disclosed in the prior art.

Abstract: A method of passivating the surface of a substrate to protect the surface against corrosion, the surface effects on a vacuum environment, or both. The substrate surface is placed in a treatment environment and is first dehydrated and then the environment is evacuated. A silicon hydride gas is introduced into the treatment environment, which may be heated prior to the introduction of the gas. The substrate and silicon hydride gas contained therein are heated, if the treatment environment was not already heated prior to the introduction of the gas and pressurized to decompose the gas. A layer of silicon is deposited on the substrate surface. The duration of the silicon depositing step is controlled to prevent the formation of silicon dust in the treatment environment. The substrate is then cooled and held at a cooled temperature to optimize surface conditions for subsequent depositions, and the treatment environment is purged with an inert gas to remove the silicon hydride gas.

Abstract: Invisible logos may be made by forming a hydrophilic coating and a hydrophobic coating on a substrate surface, so that a portion of the hydrophilic coating and a portion of the hydrophobic coating are exposed. The invisible logos are undetectable to the human eye, but may be temporarily viewed in response to stimuli.

Abstract: A device and method for depositing a material of interest onto a receiving substrate includes a first laser and a second laser, a receiving substrate, and a target substrate. The target substrate comprises a laser transparent support having a back surface and a front surface. The front surface has a coating that comprises the source material, which is a material that can be transformed into the material of interest. The first laser can be positioned in relation to the target substrate so that a laser beam is directed through the back surface of the target substrate and through the laser-transparent support to strike the coating at a defined location with sufficient energy to remove and lift the source material from the surface of the support. The receiving substrate can be positioned in a spaced relation to the target substrate so that the source material is deposited at a defined location on the receiving substrate.

Abstract: A monomer is selected to produce a polymeric film having desirable characteristics for a particular application. The monomer is ppolymerized under controlled conditions to produce a solid oligomer having those characteristics at a molecular weight suitable for evaporation under vacuum at a temperature lower than its thermal decomposition temperature. The process of polymerization to produce the oligomer is carried out under conditions that yield a finite molecular-chain length with no residual reactive groups. The solid oligomer so produced is extruded as a film onto a revolving drum (38) in the evaporation section (40) of a vapor deposition chamber, and then cryocondensed on a cold substrate (44) to form a solid film having the same characteristic selected in the solid oligomer constituting the starting material. As a result of the initial complete reaction to produce the oligomer, the thin-film product does not contain unreacted groups and all attendant disadvantages are avoided.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for coating an object with photosensitive material, a roller stabilizes a supply amount of the photosensitive material and is disposed between the object and a slit coater, so that the stabilized photosensitive material is supplied to the object through the slit coater. The photosensitive material includes additives for controlling amount of a solid powder, a boiling point and a surface tension thereof. Accordingly, the photosensitive material may be uniformly coated on the object.

Abstract: A multilayer plastic substrate. The substrate comprises a plurality of thin film layers of at least one polymer, the plurality of thin film layers being adjacent to one another and having sufficient strength to be self-supporting, wherein the multilayer plastic substrate has an average visible light transmittance of greater than about 80%.

Abstract: A lens including a lens substrate, a surface layer, and a backing member provided beneath the surface layer, in which the backing member may be either the same as the lens substrate or a separate layer from the lens substrate, and wherein the surface layer includes a hydrolysis-condensation product of a perfluoropolyether modified silane with a hydrolysable functional group or a halogen atom X at both terminals, represented by a general formula (1) shown below: (wherein, Rf is a bivalent group with a straight chain perfluoropolyether structure containing no branching, which incorporates a unit represented by a formula —(CkF2kO)— (wherein, k represents an integer from 1 to 6)) is resistant to the adhesion of contaminants to the surface thereof, can be easily wiped to remove any adhered contaminants, provides a slippery surface that is difficult to scratch, and moreover displays excellent durability and is capable of retaining the above properties over extended periods.