Abstract: An aluminum object is manufactured by a process including chromate conversion coating of the aluminum object; sequentially applying a primer coat to the outer surface and thereafter applying a dielectric substrate basecoat; vacuum metallizing a corrosion prone metal, namely indium, on the dielectric substrate basecoat to form "islands" of the indium that are top coated with a clear resinous layer to encapsulate and insulate the islands, one from another. The indium islands are less than one thousand angstroms thick and have an average diameter of less than three thousand angstroms. The island structure is etched following the growth of the metal as it is deposited between the nucleation stage and the stage of channelization of formation of an electrically conductive film. The etchant is selected to clear channels between island structures to improve adhesion of a dielectric resinous top coat to the dielectric substrate by order of magnitude to adhesion to the islands.

Abstract: The deposition of a copper-containing layer on a substrate by decomposing, particularly by a CVD process, a compound corresponding to the formula (I)RO--Cu--L (I)in whichR represents a 1-aryl lower alkyl group, a branched, optionally substituted alkyl group with 3 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group, andL represents (C1 to C6-alkyl)isonitrile, aryl isonitrile, carbon monoxide, dialkylaminodifluorophosphane, organyl difluorophosphane, triaryl phosphane, trialkyl phosphane, trifluorophosphane, or trichlorophosphane,is described, together with previously unknown compounds of formula (I) which may be used in the process.

Abstract: A method of applying a liquid coating material to the inside of a tank(10) and performing a hydrostatic pressure test on the tank at the same time. The method is useable for applying a liquid vitreous enamel coating material to a water heater tank, to be subsequently dried and furnace heated to form a glazed enamel internal coating. Preferably the hydrostatic pressure test is performed by displacing coating material from a portion(68) of an accumulator(51) by pumping liquid into a flexible bladder(66) housed in the accumulator. Pressure from pump(76) is transmitted to the tank(10 by the liquid coating material and held for a prescribed time interval to prove tank integrity. The method avoids excessive shear, hence viscosity changes in thixotropic coating materials.

Abstract: A method for vacuum depositing a selenium-arsenic coating on a substrate to form a photoreceptor by evaporating selenium with an arsenic concentration of 0.1 to 0.6 percent by weight and discontinuing the evaporation when the weight of the selenium alloy remaining is 2-10 percent of the original weight.

Abstract: The method of making a composite article of different metal portions by spraying molten metal on the surface of a solid metal member that has been cleaned and preheated in a controlled atmosphere at low pressure. The molten metal is sprayed on the surface of the solid metal member, preferably by plasma jet spraying. It is rapidly solidified to be adherent to the surface of the solid metal member to form a composite preform. The composite preform is cooled at a rate sufficiently low to reduce residual stresses and then hot pressed to eliminate voids in the sprayed metal portion and metallurgically bonded to the surface of the solid member.

Abstract: Improvements in the method and apparatus of vacuum deposition of a highly reflective surface onto aluminum lighting sheet wherein a coil of aluminum is disposed within the vacuum chamber, both as it unwinds and as it rewinds, and the water vapor created by heating the aluminum web from the coil is made available to other vacuum deposition processing compartments within the vacuum chamber including a glow discharge chamber normally fueled by argon gas.

Abstract: A method of fabricating thermal ink jet printheads comprises aligning and bonding a pair of silicon wafers together, which have, on opposing confronting surface thereof, a plurality of sets of linear arrays of heating elements and associated driver circuitry on one wafer surface and a plurality of sets of parallel grooves and a communicating reservoir for each set of grooves. The grooves and reservoirs are filled with a filler material which is solid or gels at room temperature and liquid at higher temperatures. The bonded pair of wafers are severed into a plurality of individual printhead sby dicing processes conducted at room temperature. One of the dicing processes cuts the grooves in a direction perpendicular thereto in order to form concurrently the nozzle face and nozzles. The solid filler material supports fragile edges of the wafers and prevents entry of dicing debris and other contaminants. The printheads are subjected to heat, spinning, and high pressure water spray to remove the filler material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying a protective coating onto a substrate comprises a power supply for generating an amplitude-modulated alternating electromagnetic field in a vacuum chamber. A silicon-organic compound is supplied in a gaseous state into the vacuum chamber and is plasma polymerized onto the substrate in the chamber without powdery portions. Another process parameter for controlling coating rate is adjusted to be at a high level so that when the amplitude modulation is stopped, powdery portions do appear in the coating. Thus at high coating rates amplitude-modulation according to the invention avoids such powdery portions.

Abstract: A process for depositing a film of metal chalcogenide is disclosed. The process comprises providing a single source of a metal chalcogenide and heating said source to a temperature sufficient to sublime the single source under a pressure ranging from 0.0001 to 760 torr so that the sublimate is delivered into a reaction zone. Within this reaction zone, a substrate is deposed upon which deposition may occur. The reaction zone is heated to approximately 200.degree. to 800.degree. C. The sublimate is passed through this reaction zone and over the substrate to produce a thin film of metal chalcogenide which is deposited upon the substrate.

Abstract: An economical process for applying nitride layers to titanium and titanium alloys. Within a short time, layer thicknesses of 20 .mu.m are obtained by pressure-nitriding in an ammonia atmosphere. To this end, temperatures of 500.degree. to 1000.degree. C. and pressures of 0.2 to 9 MPa are used.

Abstract: A process for the impregnation of workpieces of porous material and an apparatus to carry out the process are disclosed. The impregnation of workpieces is carried out in that, initially, all gas is withdrawn from the workpiece by evacuation, whereupon the workpiece is saturated with impregnating agent. Impregnation can be carried out in a very short period of time, if the workpieces are subjected to vibration during impregnation.

Abstract: A flexible shaft has an inner shaft with a steel core wire and element wire groups which are formed by closely adhering a plurality of steel element wires into band shapes wound around the steel core wire by turns in reverse directions relative to each other. The plurality of element wire groups are formed in layers and in concentric sections. Lubricant is impregnated in clearances between the plurality of steel element wires.

Abstract: The process is particularly well suited to the manufacture of composite materials, where a fibrous reinforcement texture is to be impregnated by a densifying matrix, and comprises the steps of:preparing a slurry containing a solid charge in the form of finely divided particles dispersed in a carrier liquid, which preferably contains an organic compound,placing a substrate inside an enclosure,creating a vacuum inside the enclosure, andcausing the slurry to pass through the substrate by means of a pressure difference.Uniformity of charge integration is ensured by forcing the slurry to pass through the substrate several times, in successively opposite directions. The concentration of solid charge in the slurry can be determined as a function of an intended charge percentage by volume in said substrate.

Abstract: A process for impregnating and sealing porous articles wherein the excess impregnant can easily be removed from the surface of the article by washing with water without the use of organic solvents or surfactants either in the aqueous wash solution or the impregnating solution wherein the sealant comprises mixtures of selected acrylate or methacrylate monomers and hydroxy-terminated acrylates or methacrylates.

Abstract: A process for the production of engraved rolls and plates for printing operations wherein there are applied to a base member of metal, after it has been engraved, at least two layers of a metal and, respectively, a metal compound for increasing the hardness and the corrosion protection in order to achieve surface hardness values of at least 2000 HV.

Abstract: A process for producing thin photoresists on printed circuit boards wherein a metallic-layered substrate is conveyed beneath a free falling curtain of a photopolymerizable substance, said substance having a viscosity of 30-120 seconds DIN cup 4 @ 25.degree. C. and being applied at a curtain height of 5-25 cm. above the board to form a coating having a dry film thickness up to about 1.5 mil after the coated surfaces are dried, whereupon the surfaces are available for photoimaging, developing, etching and stripping operations.

Abstract: The magnetic properties of a cobalt based, thin film, magnetic recording layer are controlled, independent of controlling the process for depositing the magnetic layer itself, by the introduction of process compatible dopant gases into an argon atmosphere during the vacuum deposition (i.e. a sputtering process or an evaporation process) of a chromium based underlayer upon which the magnetic layer is subsequently deposited. The same or a different dopant may also be introduced into the magnetic layer. The process compatible dopant gases described contain oxygen, nitrogen and/or carbon, and mixtures thereof, and include the group purified air, oxygen, nitrogen, a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor.

Abstract: A glass vacuum flask coating method comprising a step to put a metal material in the gap between an inner flask and an outer flask before said inner and outer flasks being formed into a blank for a glass vacuum flask, after the process of exhausting and tipping-off said metal material being heated by a magnetic field generated from an inductance coil into a metal vapor inside said gap, permitting said metal vapor to be adhered to the glass surface inside said gap, forming into a metal reflecting film thereon.

Abstract: A method of forming friction-reducing and wear-resistant silver/molybdenum coating material by co-depositing quantities of silver and molybdenum simultaneously forming nano-crystalline binary mixtures on iron surfaces.

Abstract: A method and apparatus uniformly impregnate stranded material with dry powder such as low solubility, high melt flow polymer powder to produce, for example, composite prepregs. The stranded material is expanded in an impregnation chamber by an influx of air so that the powder, which may enter through the same inlet as the air, penetrates to the center of the stranded material. The stranded material then is contracted for holding the powder therein. The stranded material and powder may be pulled through the impregnation chamber in the same direction by vacuum. Larger particles of powder which do not fully penetrate the stranded material may be combed into the stranded material and powder which does not impregnate the stranded material may be collected and reused.

Abstract: A differential pressure sealing apparatus and method for processing a continuously moving elongated sheet through successively different stages of vacuum. A vacuum chamber is provided with an inlet and a guide roller for the incoming sheet with the sheet urged against the guide roller over a wrap contact angle of 15 to 120 degrees. To resist the entrance of air into the chamber, a sealing structure encompasses at least portions of the entrance, the guide roller and the sheet.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a functional thin film by a vacuum evaporation method, during a thin film containing a material is evaporation-deposited on a substrate, a gas flow controls orientation of the material in a manner that the gas flow substantially intersects direction of flow of vapor of said material onto the substrate.

Abstract: A process for depositing a layer containing boron and nitrogen on a substrate by decomposing one or more N-substituted borazoles in the presence of the substrate, in particular by a plasma CVD process.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for improving the metal coating on metal parts immersed in a molten metal coating bath of a different composition. The apparatus comprises (a) a vacuum pump, (b) a buffer tank, (c) centrifuge having a drum, a cover for sealing the drum, a platform within the drum to receive the parts and means to spin the platform, and (d) valved lines connecting with the drum cover and connecting, respectively, with the buffer tank a source of gas at atmospheric pressure and a source of gas at greater than atmospheric pressure. The tank has a volume of at least 10 times the volume of the drum.

Abstract: A method for injecting a chemical barrier into a surface aperture is provided. The method provides a vacuum to a work site to evacuate the air from the work site. Then, an injector head is located and retained at the work site. The injector head has a gasket that forms a seal around the work site. Pressurized fluid is conveyed to the work site through a first conduit in the injector head. Any unused fluid is conveyed away from the work site by a second conduit in the injector head.

Abstract: A coiled metal sheet is placed in a container, which may be thereafter evacuated slowly with the strip outgassing, and then the highly evacuated container is sealed with the coiled strip therein. The evacuated container may be stored until ready to be mated with a high vacuum process chamber. The container is brought to the vacuum processing chamber and is connected thereto; and the coiled strip is unwound from the container and passed through the vacuum chamber, where it is treated while under a high vacuum. The treated strip is then preferably wound in a highly evacuated take-up container.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for cleaning and subsequent coating of metal surfaces of substrates. The metal surfaces are cleaned with a microwave-excited plasma using oxygen and hydrogen, alternately, as a working gas. The cleaned metal surface is coated by physical vapor deposition (PVD) or plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD).

Abstract: A high density magneto-optical information storage medium utilizing the properties of an ultrathin iron film on a palladium substrate. The present invention comprises a magneto-optical medium capable of thermal and magnetic stability and capable of possessing a vertical orientation of the magnetization vector for the magnetic material. Data storage relies on the temperature dependence of the coercivity of the ultrathin film. Data retrieval derives from the Kerr effect which describes the direction of rotation of a plane of polarized light traversing the ultrathin magnetic material as a function of the orientation of the magnetization vector.

Abstract: An improved scandate cathode having an increased emission density is prepared from a porous tungsten billet that has been impregnated with Ba.sub.3 Al.sub.2 O.sub.6 by coating the top surface of the impregnated billet with a mixture of Sc.sub.6 WO.sub.12,Sc(WO.sub.4).sub.3, and W in the mole ratio of 1:3:2, heating the billet to about 1000.degree. C. in a vacuum to cause BaWO.sub.4 and Sc to form in the billet in a molar ratio of 1:1, removing the billet and cleaning in a jewelers lathe, and preparing the billet for a cathode environment.

Abstract: Thermally curable liquid sealants for impregnating the pores of cast metal articles and powdered metal articles including a combination of five polymerizable components within stated percentage ranges essential to providing sealants that, when cured, have low weight loss when tested for heat resistance, low weight gain when tested for chemical resistance upon submersion in water, brake fluid and antifreeze, and superior sealability characteristics.

Abstract: An infrared burner with an extremely low pressure drop is described. The burner comprises a corrosion resistant mesh screen having a thick porous coating of ceramic fibers deposited thereon. In addition to a low pressure drop the burner has structural integrity and ability to generate energy at a high rate. The burner is produced by admixing ceramic fibers with a polymeric material which burns off upon heating.

Abstract: A polymorph of a phthalocyanine, designated M-phthalocyanine or M-metal phthalocyanine, has spectroscopic properties different from those of any of known crystalline polymorphs of phthalocyanine, the polymorph having been prepared in an environment of at most 0.1 G. In a further aspect, a process is disclosed for preparing novel organic films comprising a closed chamber physical vapor transport (PVT) in a low gravity environment.Films of novel polymorphs have a surface roughness factor in the range of greater than 1.000000 and less than 1.000010, a density of at least 50 percent increase over anypolymorph of the same molecules produced in unit gravity, and in which at least 50 weight percent of the molecules of said film have a common uniaxial orientation.

Abstract: A process for depositing metal oxides by activated reactive evaporation (ARE) wherein deposition rate and film quality is controlled by reference to the relative amounts of metal and metal oxide present on the surface of the target material. The ratio of metal surface area to metal oxide surface area required to obtain high deposition rates is achieved by maintaining a relatively high concentration of oxygen in the reaction zone. This relative ratio of metal surface area to metal oxide surface area on target material provides a continuous indirect measure of film deposition rate and quality during the ARE process.

Abstract: This invention includes a method featuring steps having a transport (64, 68) to carry metal articles (10, 14) through a vacuum chamber (62, 66, 90) containing a plasma cleaning station (32) followed by exposure to an evaporant of metal (42) generated by an E-Beam (50) caused to condense on the articles in high vacuum. A channel structure (51) is provided to cause selective condensation upon the surface of said articles. The apparatus includes several stations (101, 102, 103) to provide multiple coatings on one or both sides of an article to be coated.

Abstract: A method for reducing the tendency of a surface of a material to foul when exposed to a potential foulant comprises the step of treating the surface of the material with a plasma of a compound containing or generating hydroxyl groups to render the surface hydrophylic but substantially uncharged.The materials may be inorganic, e.g. glass, or organic, e.g. polyamide, and may be in the form of fibers, woven fabrics, membranes or plates. Suitable compounds containing hydroxyl groups include ethylene glycol and water.

Abstract: The present invention provides a corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant aluminum-based alloy thin film consisting of a composite having a composition represented by the general formula, Al.sub.a Ni.sub.b X.sub.c N.sub.d, wherein: X is a metal element selected from Y and Zr and a, b, c and d are as follows, in atomic percentages: 70.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.93, 0.5.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.7.5, 0.5.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.12 and 1.ltoreq.d.ltoreq.18, the composite being at least 50% (by volume) composed of an amorphous phase. The thin films are produced by depositing a material having the composition represented by the above-defined general formula onto a substrate by a thin film formation technique, such as sputtering, vacuum deposition or ion plating. In the production process, only nitrogen may be supplied as gas. The novel aluminum-based alloy thin film has superior corrosion-resistance and heat-resistance together with high levels of hardness and wear resistance.

Abstract: A polymorph of a phthalocyanine, designated M-phthalocyanine or M-metal phthalocyanine, has spectroscopic properties different from those of any of known crystalline polymorphs of phthalocyanine, the polymorph having been prepared in an environment of at most 0.1 G. In a further aspect, a process is disclosed for preparing novel organic films comprising a closed chamber physical vapor transport (PVT) in a low gravity environment.Films of novel polymorphs have a surface roughness factor in the range of greater than 1.000000 and less than 1.000010, a density of at least 50 percent increase over any polymorph of the same molecules produced in unit gravity, and in which at least 50 weight percent of the molecules of said film have a common uniaxial orientation.

Abstract: The invention has for its object to offer a method using which a metal surface displays improved properties. These improved properties are in particular an improved flow of lacquer of the like over the surface, the adhesion of this lacquer to that surface and a general improvement in the lacquering and printing qualities of a metal surface.The invention provides a method for activating a metal surface, for example for improving the flow of lacquer over and/or the adhesion of lacquer to a tin surface, comprising the steps of:(1) providing a lightly greased or oiled metal surface, for example the surface of a tin plate of strip;(2) subjecting that metal surface to a corona discharge through application of an alternating voltage between that metal surface and a conductor situated thereabove.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of plasma technology for coating thin polymer films on steel. The process utilizes DC power, system pressures of 0.01-1.0 torr, the steel substrate is made the cathode, and the anodes are equipped with magnetic enhancement. The result is a uniform, pin-hole free, dense organic coating. Furthermore, there is minimal deposition of the organic film on the anodes or interior of the chamber.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of low temperature plasma technology for significantly improved corrosion protection of steel. The plasma process involves pretreating of the steel surfaces by oxygen plasma and thin film deposition by polymerization of certain precursors on the steel. The process utilizes DC power, substrates as the cathode, magentron anodes, and system pressures of 0.01-0.5 torr. After the thin film plasma deposition it is also preferably to put a primer coating over the thin film.

Abstract: Thermal breakage of crystalline electrodes used in arc-vapor deposition is prevented by originally fabricating the electrodes from broken pieces of the crystalline material which are slightly sintered together and form an electrode body in which a carbon rod or other conductor is embedded to provide electrical contact. The particles are sintered in a vacuum oven and a pool of the electrode material can be formed at a working end of the electrode body when the latter is used for arc-vapor deposition.

Abstract: An inventive method may perform a plating the surface of the metals sheet without using a molten plating metal. This method successively melts a supplied solidus plating metal in close proximity of the passing metal sheet and adheres the molten plating metal as a plating film to the surface of the metal sheet, where the metal sheet passes upwardly and the plating metal is supplied through an upwardly-directed nozzle disposed near the passing sheet, and when or immediately before the plating metal is supplied from the nozzle, it is molten by a heat melting means. The molten plating metal forms a pool at a corner defined between the surface of the passing sheet and the tip of the nozzle, and the molten metal of the pool forms a plating adheres to the sheet surface and forms the plating film.

Abstract: To obtain an anticorrosive Fe-B-R type permanent magnet; in particular, to reduce deterioration rate of the initial magnetic properties below 10% after the magnet has been kept at 80.degree. C. in 90% relative humidity for 500 hours, the surface of the sintered permanent magnet is coated with metallic coating film layers of at least one noble metal layer and at least one base metal layer disposed on the noble metal layer. Diffusion heat treatment further improves the adhesiveness of the coating film layers.

Abstract: A vacuum-tight wafer carrier. The wafers are supported at each side by a slightly sloping shelf, so that minimal contact (line contact) is made between the wafer surface and the surface of the shelf. This reduces generation of particulates by abrasion of the surface of the wafer. The door of the vacuum carrier contains elastic elements to press the wafers lightly against the back of the carrier box. Thus, when the door of the box is closed, the wafers are restrained from rattling around, which further reduces the internal generation of particulates.

Abstract: For some applications of slide layers, for example in connecting rod bearings of internal combustion engines, for individual sites of a formed piece, high load bearing capability are required while for other places of the same formed piece good embedding abilities are demanded. A composite material with a slide layer applied by cathode sputtering of a tightly cohesive matrix and an insoluble component distributed statistically in it, is adapted to these opposite demands in that the diameter of the particle of the insoluble material has gradients at predetermined sites, which extend parallel to the surface of the slide layer, and to which slide layer hardness gradients correspond. These gradients are generated during the cathode sputtering process in the substrate to be coated to form a growing slide layer having temperature gradients which are maintained and which extend parallel to the substrate surface.

Abstract: A calcium phosphate-coated composite material is disclosed, comprising a metallic substrate, an oxide layer on the metallic substrate, said oxide layer consisting essentially of the oxide of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, tin, cobalt, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten, and a coating layer of calcium phosphate provided on the oxide layer. A process for production of the calcium phosphate-coated composite material is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for making a magnetic recording tape, which is free from wrinkles formed thereon, by the use of a vapor deposition technique. A length of tape reeled on a supply reel is taken up by a take-up reel after having passed through a deposition station where it is movably turned around a cylindrical drum. In one aspect, the difference in tension between two different portions of the tape moving between the drum and the take-up reel and on respective sides of a tensioning roll forming a part of at least one tension control mechanism is adjusted to a value not greater than 10N/mm.sup.2. In another aspect, a charge eraser is employed and installed in the vicinity of the drum for removing an electrostatic charge built up in the tape being moved from the drum onto the take-up reel. In a further aspect, the cylindrical drum is used having its outer peripheral surface roughened to a ten-point average surface roughness of not smaller than 0.1 .mu.m.

Abstract: A high-speed process for coating substrates with thin organic coatings in a vacuum is disclosed and claimed. The process utilizes relatively low boiling, reactive monomers (e.g., polyacrylates) which are flash vaporized, condensed on the substrates and cured, in situ. The resultant cured films are pin-hole free and exhibit excellent adhesion. The process is capable of being run at very high coating and curing speeds, e.g., between 1 and 1000 cm/second.

Abstract: In a process of manufacturing a substrate provided with a synthetic resin-bonded friction coating, the friction coating, which is joined to the substrate by a primer is formed in that a powder mixture which contains a friction powder and a synthetic resin powder is compacted and is cured at an elevated temperature.To eliminate the need for precompacting the powder mixture before it is applied to the substrate, said powder mixture is applied to the substrate to form a powder layer which can be compacted to the desired thickness of the friction coating. The powder layer which has been applied is then heated for a short time before the powder layer is compacted to the desired thickness of the friction coating.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is described for combined deposition of thin films of materials from an ion beam source and a molecular beam source in a single reactor.