Abstract: Metal substrate surfaces are protected against carbon accumulation when exposed to an environment wherein carbon-containing gases are decomposed. The protection is accomplished by the use of tantalum and/or tungsten entities deposited and/or diffused into the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A problem addressed by this invention was how to obtain very long lengths of refractory metal-coated multifilamentary yarns having a uniform coating on the filaments which make up each yarn, the coating being uniform throughout the length of the yarn such that the coated yarns are suitable for being woven and are suitable for a variety of other uses. The solution is a continuous process which employs a chemical vapor deposition reaction at relatively low temperature and pressure and a separation of the gaseous reaction products from the coated yarn prior to allowing the coated yarn to cool.

Abstract: A method for coating a web with a coating liquid wherein heavy coating of the web at the coating start position with the coating liquid is prevented. While a thin layer of pretreatment liquid having a low viscosity and consisting of water and/or organic solvent is applied at the coating start position and the region around the coating start position on the web, the web is fed into a coating section where the web is coated with the coating liquid with the coating liquid applied over the thin layer of pretreatment liquid on the web. With the coating operation carried out with a hopper-type coating device, a method is preferably employed in which the amount of pressure reduction of a bead stabilizing suction chamber is set at value higher than that used for steady-state operation.

Abstract: A method for preparing an abrasive SiO.sub.x coating, wherein 1.ltoreq..times..ltoreq.2, on a substrate by glow discharge deposition wherein the deposition on the substrate in a vacuum chamber is interrupted before the desired final SiO.sub.x coating thickness is obtained. SiH.sub.4 and N.sub.2 O are subjected to a glow discharge and SiO.sub.x is deposited onto the substrate. The deposition is interrupted, SiH.sub.4 is removed from the vacuum chamber and the SiO.sub.x coating is exposed to oxygen. These steps are repeated until the desired final SiO.sub.x coating thickness is obtained.

Abstract: For preparing coarse-crystal or single-crystal metal films by vapor-depositing or atomizing a metal on a substrate, an amorphous layer of Ta, W, Cu, Co, Al or an aluminum alloy or a Ti-V alloy with a vanadium content of more than about 70 atom percent is first precipitated on the substrate which is cooled to a temperature below about -90.degree. C. Subsequently, the amorphous layer is recrystallized by heating the substrate with the deposited metal layer to at least room temperature and maximally 300.degree. C. The so-prepared metal films have particular application to integrated circuits.

Abstract: A method of impregnating a porous article with impregnant to seal the pores thereof, which comprises placing the article in a vessel, evacuating the vessel to withdraw air from the pores, releasing the vacuum with the pores beneath the surface of a liquid impregnant in the vessel, removing excess impregnant from the vessel, washing excess impregnant from the surface of the article by supplying washing fluid to the vessel, removing the fluid from the vessel, heating the article while still within the vessel to effect curing of the impregnant within the pores, and removing the impregnated article from the vessel.

Abstract: A process for preparing polymer electrets comprising the following steps:(a) providing a parylene film having one side affixed to a metal layer and grounding said metal layer;(b) charging the free side of the film with a direct current corona, the charge being of sufficient magnitude to convert the film to an electret;(c) providing p-xylylene monomer vapor in sufficient amount to coat the charged film; and(d) introducing the vapor from step (c) and the electret into a deposition zone, said zone being under vacuum and at a temperature at which the vapor will condense, whereby the electret is conformally coated with parylene.

Abstract: A process for preparing polymer electrets comprising the following steps:(a) providing two electrodes in a deposition zone, said electrodes being in a spaced relationship to one another, having opposing surfaces, and being connected to an external voltage source capable of impressing an intense electric field between the opposing surfaces;(b) providing a dipolar substituted p-xylylene monomer vapor in sufficient amount to coat the opposing surfaces of the electrodes;(c) activating the power source; and(d) introducing the vapor from step (b) into the deposition zone, said zone being under vacuum and at a temperature at which the vapor will condense,whereby the vapor condenses on the opposing surfaces of the electrodes, the monomer polymerizing to parylene, coating said surfaces, and forming electrets.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic base which is dimensionally stable at up to 300.degree. C., and an 0.03-0.4 .mu.m thick magnetically hard recording layer of an Sm-Co alloy, vacuum-deposited thereon, which layer possesses uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in the plane of the layer, and a process for the manufacture of this recording medium.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for coating a moving web with a multilayer liquid composition. The liquid composition is flowed by gravity down an inclined surface having slots for feeding each layer onto the inclined surface. A lip at the lowermost end of the inclined surface changes the direction of flow of the composition to a generally upward direction generally aligned with the direction of movement of the web. The angle between the upward direction of liquid flow at the end of the lip and the tangent to the web at the point of initial contact of the liquid composition and the web is between about 95 degrees and 175 degrees.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a method of depositing a silicon oxide, such as silicon dioxide, dielectric layer on a substrate by utilizing a glow discharge and a dielectric precursor having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of H and --CH.sub.3, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, --CH.sub.3, --OCH.sub.3 and --OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 and R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of --OCH.sub.3 and --OC.sub.2 H.sub.5.

Abstract: A method of providing a uniform tightly adhered solid substantially continuous deposit of a friction-producing resin, such as nylon, in the bottom of the thread grooves of a threaded metal member, preferably of the type in which the threads' surfaces are identified in the trade as phosphate or phosphated surfaces, which comprises forming a 1-3% alcohol flow-promoting solution of a polymeric material selected from a group consisting of acrylic material, polyesters, polyvinyl acetates and nylons, applying the solution to the area of the threads in which the friction-producing deposit is to be made to form a thin uniform film of the solution on the thread surfaces, preparing a substantially aqueous viscous fluid mixture of the cured friction-producing resin powder, applying the mixture to the coated threaded surfaces to form in the thread grooves a deposit concentrated in the bottom of the thread grooves to a depth sufficient to interfere with at least the crests of threads of a mating threaded member, drying th

Abstract: A process for producing a calcium chemical pump which includes reacting cium and anhydrous ammonia in a closed vessel that is cooled to a temperature below 0.degree. C. to form a solution of the calcium and anhydrous ammonia and then spraying the solution onto a rotating porous foamed substrate material in a closed container that has a vacuum pulled thereon, and the solution when sprayed causing the ammonia to flash and be evaporated and drawn off by the vacuum to cause the calcium to be deposited on the rotating porous foamed substrate material.

Abstract: A razor blade having vacuum deposited structural elements guarding its cutting edge. A plurality of ion plated structural elements are deposited over the blade edge and extending down the edge facets a certain distance. The spacing and extension of the elements beyond the edge are controlled during the deposition process in order to provide desirable shaving characteristics. The blade edge and guard are covered with an adherent film of polytetrafluoroethylene.

Abstract: A composite, ceramic/metallic fabricated blade unit for an axial flow rotor includes an elongated metallic support member having an airfoil-shaped strut, one end of which is connected to a dovetail root for attachment to the rotor disc, while the opposite end thereof includes an end cap of generally airfoil-shape. The circumferential undercut extending between the end cap and the blade root is clad with an airfoil-shaped ceramic member such that the cross-section of the ceramic member substantially corresponds to the airfoil-shaped cross-section of the end cap, whereby the resulting composite ceramic/metallic blade has a smooth, exterior airfoil surface. The metallic support member has a longitudinally extending opening through which coolant is passed during the fabrication of the blade.

Abstract: Anaerobic resins are cured in a gaseous atmosphere which does not contain oxygen. An insulated conductor is placed in a vacuum and is impregnated with an anaerobic resin under pressure. The conductor is then placed in a non-oxygen containing atmosphere, such as nitrogen, which cures the resin.

Abstract: Process of improving a sprayed layer on a bearing or tool component subjected to relatively high stresses, characterized in that the layer is remelted by a heat-source in a vacuum chamber, the heating being arranged such that only the layer itself is remelted.

Abstract: Various objects may be maintained in their original condition or protected from further damage by physical, chemical, and biological forces by applying thereto thin, continuous, impervious coatings of vapor-deposited poly(p-xylylene) polymer or derivatives thereof. By the invention, it is possible to protect paintings, photographs, documents, articles of sculpture, silver objects, coins, fishing hooks and lures, marine fittings and hardware, batteries, fuel cells, automotive parts, water pollution control devices, logic circuits, electrical components, electric motors and parts, light bulbs, ammunitions, fireworks, glass items, decorative items, timepieces, and decorative wrought iron grillwork.

Abstract: Method for processing glass coated tubular metal inserts for use in forming apertures employed in the manufacture of all-glass multiple sheet glazing units. The surface of the metal inserts are first cleaned and then their outer surfaces are prepared to receive a layer of glass frit by tumbling in sand. The layer of glass frit is physically adhered to the clean outer surface by tumbling the inserts in small pieces of glass. The glass fritted inserts are then treated in a continuous operation, at elevated temperatures by first degassing the glass frit layers in a vacuum, oxidizing the outer surface of the metal inserts at a temperature below the sintering temperature of the glass frit in a controlled atmosphere, and then sintering and glazing the glass frit layer at a temperature above the softening point thereof while still in a controlled atmosphere to securely bond the glass layer to the metal inserts.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode for use in electrochemical processes wherein a metal substrate made of a valve metal such as titanium carries a semi-conducting intermediate coating consisting of a combination of tin and antimony oxides laid down upon the valve metal substrate in a series of layers and a top coating consisting of an oxide selected from the group of chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum or tungsten applied in a series of layers.

Abstract: A novel group of iron-base sintered alloys especially suitable for valve seat manufacture having excellent wear resistance and good machinability is provided. The alloy is produced by a combination of specific atomized pre-alloyed powder, iron powder and graphite powder by compacting and sintering processes. Various manufacturing methods with or without infiltration of filler materials into pores in the sintered product to improve wear resistance and machinability are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is the preparation of thin films of tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium or osmium on a high-temperature resistant substrate by thermal evaporation in a high vacuum, wherein the oxides of these high-temperature-resistant metals are evaporated simultaneously with a reduction metal in a manner such that the oxide molecules and the metal atoms or molecules impinge together on the surface of the substrate heated to a predetermined temperature and react with each other there chemically, so that the high-temperature-resistant metal oxides are reduced and the reduction metals are oxidized. In this process, the high-temperature-resistant metal is deposited on the surface of the substrate, and the oxides of the reduction metals evaporate, either completely or partially, and are pumped off.

Abstract: A process for coating inorganic substrates, especially metallic or metalloid substrates, sintered metal carbides and carbon materials with carbides, nitrides and/or carbonitrides, using certain nitriles as sources of carbon and nitrogen, is described. High deposition rates and smooth coatings of good to very good adhesion are achievable by this process.

Abstract: Vacuum apparatus for coating substrates by rotation including a vacuum chamber with an elongated material source having a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis, a substrate rack with a plurality of fastening points for the planar arrangement of a plurality of substrates above the material source in a substantially uniform distribution over its surface and a drive associated with the substrate rack for rotating substrates. The substrate rack has to parallel substrate bearers disposed fork-wise with couplings for the substrates positioned on the confronting inner sides of the substrate bearers. The substrate bearers are connected by angle drives to the substrate couplings and a motor via a drive shaft.

Abstract: A device for coating wire tire cord on a spool with an agent for increasing the bond between the wire tire cord and rubber material used in the production of tires. The device is composed of at least one hollow pipe which forms a chamber in which the spools of wire are coated. The pipe is declined to help facilitate movement of the spools of wire through the pipe and allow drainage of any trapped liquid from the pipe. A hydraulic cylinder is provided adjacent the mouth of the pipe to engage and push a number of spools, in tandem, through the pipe in axially aligned, end-to-end relation. Means are supplied for circulating a liquid, containing the agent, into the chamber and for alternately creating a vacuum and pressure within the chamber to increase penetration of the liquid coating into the interstices between segments of wire cord wrapped on the spools. Other means are provided for circulating a heated fluid in the chamber to dry the liquid coating on the wire of each spool being treated.

Abstract: Apparatus for batch coating of substrates under vacuum including a vacuum chamber with a coating system and a plurality of lock chambers with substrate holders which can be introduced into the vacuum chamber. At least two lock chambers with substrate holders are positioned on a common axis on opposite sides of the vacuum chamber. Each lock chamber is provided on the side facing the vacuum chamber with a lock valve. The vacuum chamber is likewise provided with lock valves on the sides facing the lock chambers whereby the lock chambers can be coupled selectively with the vacuum chamber through the individual lock valves.

Abstract: A self-emulsifying anaerobic-curing composition is disclosed. The composition is rendered self-emulsifying by incorporating certain anionic and/or nonionic surfactants in a concentration range of about 0.25 to about 10.0 percent. The preferred anionics comprise the petroleum sulfonates and the sodium alkyl or alkylaryl sulfonates. The preferred nonionics comprise the ethoxylated alkyl alcohols, the ethoxylated alkyl phenols, and the polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene glycols. Any anaerobic monomer or monomer mixture in which the surfactant is soluble and compatible with the cure system may be used. These self-emulsifiable compositions have the advantage of being readily removed from surfaces by washing with water, which makes them especially useful in impregnation processes where uncured resin must be removed from areas which are difficult to wash, such as small, blind holes.

Abstract: A method for producing a hard deposit on a substrate is described wherein a volatile halide of tungsten or molybdenum is reacted with a gas or gases containing hydrogen, oxygen and carbon to effect the deposition on a substrate of a compound of the metal in a liquid phase. The liquid phase deposited on the substrate is then reacted to remove oxygen and halogen and produce a hard deposit containing the metal and carbon. Also described are products which may be produced by the above method.

Abstract: An electrode which has at least one internal channel and an adjustable gate or slot to permit passage of gaseous material to be ionized from the internal channel and then in proximity to one or more outside faces of the electrode in a suitable area of electron emission, the electrode being placed in an electrical field in convenient proximity to an electrode or body of opposite charge.

Abstract: This invention relates to the impregnation of rigid porous articles, particularly metal castings. In its preferred form the impregnant is a liquid mixture of monofunctional (meth)acrylic ester and a relatively small proportion of polyfunctional (meth)acrylic ester to provide a cross linked product on curing and to facilitate washing of the casting with water and an emulsifier. A peroxy or other free radical catalyst such as AZBN is associated in the impregnant with an inhibitor such as a hydroquinone derivative so that curing can be effected at a temperature of 90.degree. C. within 3 to 15 minutes. Curing is preferably effected by immersion in a hot water bath.

Abstract: A method of reinforcing an edge region of a plate formed of a porous material by means of a reinforcement agent wherein the plate is immersed in a bath containing a reinforcement agent. Air contained in the plate is withdrawn at least from one plate surface. Both plate surfaces prior to the immersion of the plate in the bath are covered so as to be protected against contact by the reinforcement agent.

Abstract: A waterproof slide type fastener or zipper assembly featuring side by side tape means the adjacent edges of which mount cooperatively designed interlocking loops or coils wherein the tapes and loops are coated and filled with a resilient material in the nature of a room temperature vulcanizable silicone rubber compound. The arrangement is such that the interlocking of the loops on the respectively adjacent edges of the tapes, through the medium of a slide type closure element, causes a compression and sealing adherence of the contained resilient material which forms a releasable but positive seal and bond between the parts. The energy stored in the compression of the resilient material insures against passage of water in the vicinity of the interlocking loops while permitting their ready separation, as and when required.The invention also contemplates a simple and inexpensive way of using vacuum to apply the resilient material to the loops or coils and their connected tapes.

Abstract: Silicon dioxide is pyrolytically deposited by the reaction of silane with oxygen on vertically mounted substrates in an evacuated system. A standard diffusion furnace equipped with a furnace tube which is vacuum tight is used. Injection tubes having multiple injection ports are positioned within the furnace tube to distribute the silane and the oxygen uniformly across a plurality of substrates which are positioned perpendicular to the furnace tube axis in a boat covered with a perforated shroud. The process is particularly useful in providing for the low temperature deposition of uniform layers of silicon dioxide on silicon wafers to be used in the fabrication of semiconductor devices.

Abstract: A layer of near stoichiometric magnesium oxide on a conducting substrate forms a dynode. The dynode is formed by preparing a layer of oxidized magnesium on a conducting substrate, heating the oxidized magnesium layer in a vacuum between about 400.degree. and about 500.degree. C., and treating the layer to render it more nearly stoichiometric. One method of treating the layer is to expose it to oxygen at about room temperature for about ten to twenty minutes at a pressure between about 10.sup.-6 to 10.sup.-5 torr. Another method of treating the layer is to impinge a noble gas, such as argon, at a pressure suitable for sputter etching, such as between 10.sup.-6 and 10.sup.-3 torr, to remove between ten and twenty atomic layers from the surface of the layer. The layer is then exposed to oxygen at room temperature for about ten to twenty minutes at a pressure between about 10.sup.-6 and 10.sup.-5 torr.

Abstract: A method for preparing superconductive Nb.sub.3 Sn layers on niobium surfaces for high frequency applications in which a defined reaction zone which contains a tin source and the niobium surface is formed in an open reaction chamber and sealed off to the extent that, while interfering gases are being drawn off from the reaction zone during the evacuation, the vapor pressure of the tin remains higher within the reaction zone, when heated, than in the rest of the chamber. While pumping continuously, the reaction zone is then heated to a temperature between 930.degree. and 1400.degree. C and held at this temperature until an Nb.sub.3 Sn layer 0.5 to 5 .mu.m thick is formed on the niobium surface.

Abstract: The temperature of a substrate to be vacuum vapor coated is measured immediately before its is passed over a source of coating metal vapor and immediately after the vapor has condensed on it. Costing conditions are controlled to maintain the difference between those temperatures at a value which is related to the thickness of the condensed coating by a heat balance equation.

Abstract: Apparatus usable in combination with means for extruding a waterproof plastic sheath on foam coating on the exterior of pipe, for reducing the diameter of the plastic sheath adjacent the pipe section ends to conform to the beveled end surfaces of the foam coating and adjacent protruding marginal portions of the pipe surface and thereby form a water stop excluding moisture from the foam thus enclosed by the plastic sheath.

Abstract: A structural part made of titanium and/or titanium alloy is given a surface treatment by sandblasting or chemical pickling and is provided with a protective film of a strong reducing agent such as a solution of a derivative of hydrazine or hydroxylamine which is applied directly over the titanium and immediately thereafter a slide layer of a nickel is applied over the reducing agent layer preferably by spraying. Complex derivatives of hydrazine and hydroxylamine in the form of salts may be applied during a pickling and descaling treatment. The adhesion of the wear-resistant layer of metal is improved by a refining at a temperature of about 300.degree. C to obtain an intermetallic bond between the titanium and nickel at the interfacial boundary.

Abstract: A method and device for obtaining uniform vapor deposition of one or more inorganic metallic photoconductive materials onto a substrate by importing under vacuum a slow translational movement of one or more heated crucibles and/or of the substrate being coated.

Abstract: A coating composition and method for vacuum coating inorganic photoconductive material onto a suitable substrate or backing through utilization of the compositions and irradiation heating devices.

Abstract: A method of producing electrode units for plasmatrons, according to which a direct-current arc is struck between a tungsten electrode and a melt, so that the electrode acts as a cathode, prior to dipping the electrode into the molten metal, intended e.g. for an electrode holder. Then the electrode is dipped into the melt, and the arc is extinguished.

Abstract: A method for progressively vacuum forming a fibre batt about a porous member whereby, accretion, consolidation and dewatering of the batt occurs under constant vacuum conditions and includes continuously introducing a vacuum through a fixed porous arbor disposed in a tank containing a slurry of fibrous material in water, to thereby define a fixed vacuum zone between sealed first and second portions of the arbor, for the progressive formation of a fibrous batt in the vacuum zone, and continuously advancing the arbor through the vacuum zone at a preselected constant rate of travel.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrically insulated coil having excellent insulation characteristics and high reliability using a vacuum-pressure impregnation process comprises the step of selectively effectively combining epoxy resins, curing agents and curing accelerators employed as a mica bonding agent and an impregnant.

Abstract: Porous articles impregnated with certain anaerobic polymerizable sealants and having a coating of such sealant on their surface can have such coating removed by dissolving the sealant in an aqueous solution of a surfactant having the general formula X.sup.1 --O(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.x X.sup.2. The removal can be done at room temperature.

Abstract: A method of making an electrode for preparing hydrogen peroxide, according o which active carbon during application of heat is mixed with a binder and a hydrophobic substance of addition. The thus obtained mixture is applied to an electrically conductive carrier structure. More specifically, active carbon is glowed in a vacuum at a temperature above 900.degree., preferably at a temperature of from 1000.degree. to 1250.degree.C. After the active carbon powder has been cooled in a vacuum, the active carbon powder is mixed with a solvent containing the binder and the hydrophobic substance of addition. The thus obtained mixture is applied to the electric conductive carrier substance. Finally, the mixture thus applied to the carrier structure is dried. The thus produced electrode is arranged in an electrolytic cell filled with an electrolyte.

Abstract: A wear-resistant, nonabrasive metal article, such as a thread guide, comprising a plain carbon steel substrate with a thin, dense, continuous coating of titanium nitride, having a thickness of about 1 to 5 microns, chemically vapor deposited at reduced pressure on said steel substrate, and preferably a thin, continuous, smooth, titanium carbide coating, having a thickness of about 5 to 25 microns, chemically vapor deposited at reduced pressure on said nitride coating, the carbide coating having HK.sub.50 hardness of 3600 to 3900 and a surface finish of 0.2 to 0.5 micron.

Abstract: A method of making an electrode for use in an electrolytic process. The electrode has a core of a film-forming metal and a layer having at least a part of the outside portion of the thickness thereof of an electrolyte resistant and electrolysis product resistant material, which material contains as the material effective for carrying out electrolysis at least one oxide of at least one platinum metal taken from the group consisting of platinum, iridium, rhodium palladium, ruthenium and osmium. The method comprises forming the platinum metal on the core and then oxidizing it, forming the oxide and then applying it to the core, or forming the oxide directly on the core, for example, by heating a solution of a salt of the metal or electrolysis.