Abstract: A process for encapsulating a preformed polymeric substrate comprises peroxidizing and hydroperoxidizing the surface of said preformed substrate using ozone and then carrying out a crosslinked graft copolymerization of selected ethylenically unsaturated monomers both on and surrounding (encapsulating) said substrate. Such encapsulation of substrates provides protective coatings, ablative coatings and, particularly, soft skirts for hard contact lenses.

Abstract: A process for modifying the surface characteristics of a preformed polymeric substrate to impart hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity or other desired properties thereto comprises peroxidizing and hydroperoxidizing the surface of said preformed substrate using ozone, directing the subsequent graft polymerization of selected ethylenically unsaturated monomers essentially solely to the surface of said substrate to achieve the desired alteration of substrate surface characteristics while maintaining substrate structural integrity. Substrates so modified are useful in biomedical devices, semipermeable membranes, films, fibers and especially contact lenses.

Abstract: There is disclosed a primer composition for improving the adhesion between a solid sustrate and a thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer. The composition comprises (A) an epoxy or mercapto functional organosilicon compound, (B) an alkoxymethyltriazine and (C) a difunctional aromatic compound in which the functionality is independently selected from hydroxyl, amino or carboxyl groups. The compositions of the present invention provide substantially improved wet and dry adhesion of polymers to metallic, mineral or plastic substrates.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of backing layers with improved coating qualities is described. These layers are designed to transmit antistatic properties from antistatic layers coated under the backing layers and provide antihalation or anticurl effects in addition thereto. The process of this invention includes in-line addition of a pre-stabilized crosslinking solution to a gelatino-conductive polymer solution just prior to the coating thereof. Smooth, skip-free coatings are obtained and the solutions are stable and can be maintained for long periods of time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for troublefree, i.e. flaw-free and uniform, coating of a support which can accept a large amount of electrostatic charge, such as, for example, polycarbonate foils, with a solution of fully reacted polyurethane in organic solvents, more precisely after prior coating of the polycarbonate foil with an organic solution of the sodium salt of polystyrenesulphonic acid.

Abstract: The adherablility of a thin coating of a metal or semiconductor oxide, such as indium tin oxide or silicon dioxide, is improved by treating the coating with an aqueous solution containing an effective amount of an active oxygen compound such as sodium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a crosslinking process for self-crosslinking copolymers essentially based on (meth)acrylic monomers and is characterized in that, on or before the deposition of a layer containing at least one crosslinking catalyst, a second layer containing at least one self-crosslinking copolymer in suspension or in solution in an aqueous medium or in an organic solvent is applied, and in that these two layers are subjected to a heat treatment such that crosslinking of the layer containing the copolymer is initiated.The invention is used in the production of molded, impregnated, coated and printed articles, adhesives, binders, finishes, paints and varnishes.

Abstract: A laminated window is prepared by applying an ultraviolet curable acrylate resin to a transparent rigid outer layer. The acrylate is carried in a solvent that swells a plastic surface of the outer layer to promote adhesion. After evaporating substantially all of the solvent the base coat is exposed to ultraviolet radiation to polymerize the acrylate. An electrically conductive metal layer is deposited on a portion of the base coat. When this is completed the window may be laminated with a conventional interlayer and rigid transparent inner layer.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an electrode which comprises an intimate mixture of finely divided electroactive material in a matrix composed of a conjugated backbone polymer which comprises the steps of: derivatizing the surface of finely divided alkali-metal alloying metal, alkali metal cation inserting material or anion inserting material with active polymer catalyst; dispersing the derivatized metal or material having a desired small particle size in a gas, suspension or solution of a monomer or other precursor of the desired conjugated backbone polymer and polymerizing the monomer and/or precursor in the presence of the dispersed metal or material; and fabricating a cohesive solid by recovering the polymerization product from said gas, suspension or solution comprising derivatized metal or material coated with conjugated backbone polymer and forming same into a cohesive solid.

Abstract: A method of increasing the pressure-resistant strength and impact strength of a glass container, which comprises treating the surface of the glass container with a silane coupling agent, applying a coating material comprising a reactive compound having at least two (meth)acryloyl groups in the molecule to the treated glass container, and subjecting it to irradiation of an activated energy ray to cure the coating material applied; and a method of increasing the pressure-resistant strength and impact strength of a glass container, which comprises applying a coating material comprising a silane coupling agent and a reactive compound having at least two (meth)acryloyl groups in the molecule to the surface of the glass article, and then subjecting the coated glass container to irradiation of an activated energy ray to cure the coating.

Abstract: A process for improving the adhesion of polymeric substances containing organic groups or composed of such groups to the surfaces of alkaline earth metal carbonates, which comprises applying an organic aprotic solvent solution containing at least one organosilicon compound having fluorine bonded directly to silicon and an average of not more than 1.8 SiC-bonded organic radicals per silicon atom to the surface of alkaline earth metal carbonates and removing the solvent before a polymeric substance containing organic groups is applied to the pretreated alkaline earth metal carbonate surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for antistatic treatment or pretreatment for subsequent surface-coating of materials based on polyamides, polyimides or polyamideimides, where the molded articles of the material are treated with a solution of salt mixtures comprising(a) halides of elements of main groups 1 and/or 2 of the periodic system, in particular CaCl.sub.2, MgCl.sub.2, LiCl, NaCl and/or KCl and(b)(1) salts of weak inorganic bases with strong inorganic acids, in particular AlCl.sub.3, FeCl.sub.3, TiCl.sub.4, SbCl.sub.5, CaCl.sub.2, FeCl.sub.2, CuCl.sub.2, ZnCl.sub.2 and/or MoCl.sub.5(2) and/or the chelate complexes of (b1) with Schiff bases, amines, carboxylic acids, diketones, .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketones and phosphines,(c) in a non-corrosive, organic swelling agent or solvent for the materials mentioned, where appropriate with the addition of water, preferably in an alcohol, at temperatures up to the boiling point of the solvents, preferably at temperatures of from -15.degree. C. to +60.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a laminate for the preparation of printed circuits by electroless plating of conductive metal thereon which comprisesa. an electrically insulative substrate bearingb. an adherent layer of crosslinked polymeric adhesive, which is insoluble in photodielectric developing solutions, having partially embedded therein finely divided particles of adsorbent which protrude from the adhesive surface away from the substrate, the protrusive surfaces of which are adsorptive with respect to electroless plating catalysts or reductive precursors thereof, andc. a solid layer of photodielectric adherently overlying the layer of adhesive and adsorbent particles.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for treatment of a painted or a glass surface providing improved adhesion of a urethane sealant applied thereafter, comprising applying a solution containing p-toluenesulfonic acid, optionally an organofunctional silane, and an appropriate solvent to the painted or the glass surface, the painted surface being cured and devoid of a resin coating, and thereafter contacting the painted or the glass surface with the urethane sealant. A method for joining painted and glass surfaces using a urethane sealant is also disclosed. Compositions useful within these methods are also described.

Abstract: A polyvinylidene difluoride structure with a critical surface energy of at least about 80 dynes/cm and a method of making such a structure comprising the steps of contacting a polyvinylidene difluoride structure with an alkalized solution, such as potassium hydroxide, to form activated sites on the surface of the structure; rinsing the activated structure to remove residual alkali; contacting the rinsed, activated structure with a solution of a polymerization initiator, such as potassium peroxydisulfate, and a polymerizable vinylic monomer, such as acrylic acid; and polymerizing and grafting the monomer to the activated structure to form a polyvinylidene difluoride structure with a critical surface energy of at least about 80 dynes/cm.

Abstract: A method for producing oxidant/dopant reagent solutions which comprises reacting a basic ferric carboxylate, preferably basic ferric acetate, with an alkyl or aryl sulfonic acid, e.g., benzenesulfonic acid, to produce the corresponding ferric sulfonate in solution. Oxidant/dopant solutions can also be prepared containing cupric or ceric sulfonates. The oxidant/dopant solution is employed in situ for reaction with a pyrrole to produce electrically conductive polypyrrole. A porous substrate, such as fiberglass cloth, can be dipped in the oxidant/dopant solution, dried and then treated with a pyrrole to produce an electrically conductive polypyrrole deposit in the interstices of the substrate.

Abstract: A solvent tank is provided for enclosing an organic liquid solvent and an organic solvent vapor layer therein, an adhesive tank for enclosing an adhesive, a means for shifting a steering wheel metal core from the solvent tank to the adhesive tank. The steering wheel metal core is washed in the vapor of an organic solvent. Adhesive is applied to the ring part core bar of the steering wheel metal core thus washed.

Abstract: An elegant method for the production of printed circuit boards possessing good electrical and mechanical properties comprises activating baseplates with a solution of complex compounds of elements of sub-group I or VIII of the periodic table, then applying a resist layer, exposing this partially according to a resist pattern, dissolving away the covered parts of the resist layer with a solvent, and metallizing the bared parts in a wet-chemical metallization bath in the absence of a current.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are glycidol-modified polyepoxide-polyoxyalkylene polyamine adducts for use as additives in coatings to provide improved coating appearance.

Abstract: A process is provided herein for coating a preformed, porous base material comprising a mineral fibrous or particle material or an organic fibrous or particle material or mixtures thereof to provide a novel preformed base material. The process comprises applying at atmospheric pressure a coating of a vulcanizable elastomeric material in unvulcanized form to a surface of such preformed, porous base material. The elastomeric material is permanently adhered to the preformed porous base material by a hot press, hot vulcanization step. In this way the elastomeric material is substantially simultaneously both adhered securely to one outer surface of the base material and is penetrated and impregnated below and into the same surface of the base material to be within the porous structure of the base material, and is vulcanized therein in situ by the joint action of a pressure of about 50 to about 500 Newton/cm.sup.2 at a temperature of about 120.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C.

Abstract: A filled polyolefin molding material having a very high filler content and containing no filler-free polymer and no polymer-free filler is obtained when the Ziegler catalyst is initially formed on the filler and the catalyst-charged filler is then used for the polymerization without addition of further catalyst or activator. The molding material is highly suitable, in particular when it has a high content of aluminum powder, for the production of molded parts having good thermal conductivity and a high electrical volume resistance.

Abstract: A polyvinylidene difluoride structure with a critical surface energy of at least about 80 dynes/cm and a method of making such a structure comprising the steps of contacting a polyvinylidene difluoride structure with an alkalized solution, such as potassium hydroxide, to form activated sites on the surface of the structure; rinsing the activated structure to remove residual alkali; contacting the rinsed, activated structure with a solution of a polymerization initiator, such as potassium peroxydisulfate, and a polymerizable vinylic monomer, such as acrylic acid; and polymerizing and grafting the monomer to the activated structure to form a polyvinylidene difluoride structure with a critical surface energy of at least about 80 dynes/cm.

Abstract: A method for producing polymeric films in which a substrate surface is contacted with a surfactant solution, comprising a liquid in which at least a first surfactant is dissolved, so that an interface is formed between the substrate surface and the surfactant solution, under conditions which promote the assembly at such interface of surfactant molecules, such assembled molecules defining a surfactant template for the film to be produced. After monomer molecules have become concentrated within the surfactant template, polymerization is effected to produce an ultrathin polymeric film dimensionally determined by the surfactant template. Such film is characterized by a polymer network disposed within a surfactant template. The method of the present invention may be used to coat the surface of an object, such as an object which is porous or has non-planar surfaces, or may be used to coat particulate matter.

Abstract: A latent curing fibre is produced by coating a glass fibre with an (optional) thermoplastic (polyamide) adhesion-promoting layer, a (preferably brittle) curing agent layer (e.g. styrene/maleic anhydride), and a flexible curable layer of epoxy plus curable polyester. Composites of this fibre with non-reactive glass braids consolidate and cure exceptionally well under a heat-shrink sleeve to provide Class F electrical insulation.

Abstract: A composition useful as an adhesion promoting primer activator for curable acrylic monomer formulations, particularly anaerobic curable formulations, comprises a solution in a volatile organic solvent of a Cu(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Mn(III), or Cr(III) salt of an acid phosphate acrylic monomer. The acid phosphate monomer may be one of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is H or methyl, R.sup.2 is a divalent organic group having 2-40 carbon atoms and A is OH or CH.sub.2 .dbd.C(R.sup.1)C(.dbd.O)OR.sup.2 O.

Abstract: A process is provided for conducting or catalyzing a chemical reaction on a surface by depositing on the surface an adherent monolayer of positively charged polymer particles containing an active agent distributed throughout the polymer and contacting the deposited adherent monolayer with a suitable reactant. The positively charged polymer particles have diameters of less than about 3 micrometers and preferably less than 1 micrometer. The polymer particles are suspended in water to form an aqueous colloidal dispersion. The dispersion is useful as a stable catalyst system and particularly useful for complete electroless deposition of a conductive metal on printed circuit board surfaces and the walls of through-holes formed therein.

Abstract: A process for producing an electrically conductive composite polymer article, which comprises contacting at least one polymerizable compound selected from the group consisting of heterocyclic compounds, derivatives thereof, aniline and aniline derivatives with a polymer article containing a polymerization catalyst for the polymerizable compound, and polymerizing the polymerizable compound to prepare an electrically conductive polymer on the surface of the polymer article or on the surface and in the polymer article. Schottky-barrier diodes and patterned electrodes can also be produced by utilizing the process. According to the process, process steps can be simplified, and various devices having excellent conductivity and transparency can be produced.

Abstract: In coating a smooth glass faceplate panel with phosphor to produce a phosphor screen for use with flat color picture tubes, a basic mask is placed onto the glass faceplate panel. Thereafter; one at a time, one coating mask for each respective color is placed over the basic mask and the phosphor belonging to the respective coating mask is deposited. The phosphor is dispersed in a reactive binder and meets with an activator sprayed on or otherwise applied to the glass faceplate panel.

Abstract: The use of modifiers such as disulfides and phosphines is particularly effective in modifying the properties of metals such as noble metals and silver. For example, disulfides are useful for modifying the properties of gold and silver while phosphines are useful for metals such as platinum and palladium. Through treatment with a suitable modifier it is possible to change properties such as the wetting and adhesion properties of the treated metal. Additionally, the use of modifiers to treat a desired substrate enhances formation of continuous metal films on this substrate.

Abstract: Coated capillary tubes useful for performing free electrophoretic separation techniques are prepared by reacting the interior wall of the tube with a bifunctional compound having a first functional group capable of covalently attaching to the wall and a second functional group capable of being polymerized. After such covalent attachment, free monomer is reacted with the second functional group, resulting in the formation of a monomolecular polymeric layer covalently attached to the interior wall of the capillary tube. This polymeric layer inhibits electroendosmosis and adsorption of the substances to be separated onto the interior of the tube, providing for improved separation.

Abstract: A solid phase can be coated superficially with a polymeric coating by substituting immobilized metal ions on the surface of the solid phase with a hydrophilic polymer or a derivative or aggregate thereof, through a chemisorption process. The solid phase may comprise a magnetic material, such as magnetite, and may have a particle form. The coating can be produced by bringing the solid phase into contact with a solution of a reagent which includes at least one metal chelating and one reactive group, and subsequently bringing the solid phase into contact with a solution of a compound which reacts with the chelater reagent adsorbed on the solid phase. The polymer layer may constitute a polyhydric alcohol, a polyamine, or a polyamide, for example a polysaccharide, such as agarose, a protein or a peptide, a polyacryl amide, etc. and the reactive group may be a vinylsulphone or an epoxide, an aminothiol or a hydroxyl.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process to produce composite polymeric materials and an article having an adherent surface layer. More specifically, the invention describes a process for producing a modifying adherent layer on a passive polymeric material, the layer comprising a fluorinated ester substituted alkoxy cellulose having, on the average, between about 1.0 to 2.99 of the three reactive hydroxyl groups of each glucose unit present as alkoxy groups, and the remainder of between about 0.01 to 2.00 of the reactive hydroxyl groups of each glucose unit present as a fluoroester group of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.f is branched perfluoroalkyl comprising 3 to 20 carbon atoms; or --(CF.sub.2).sub.n CF.sub.

Abstract: A novel method for grafting polymers to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and composites grafted according to this method are described. PTFE at a surface of a substrate is reduced to polyacetylene (PA) and then doped with a suitable dopant. The doped PA/PTFE substrate is then contacted with a polymerizable monomer precursor capable of polymerizing with doped PA, to form the polymer of said precursor chemically bonded to the surface of the PA/PTFE substrate. A grafted composite with layers of varying thickness may be formed by further contacting the substrate bonded to polymer with preformed polymer of a similar cohesive energy density.

Abstract: Transparent or translucent laminated safety glass having an at least two-layered structure, in which one outer layer is a relatively soft synthetic resin layer and the other outer layer is a hard substrate layer, characterized in that said relatively soft synthetic resin layer comprises: a surface layer of a reformed polyurethane type thermoplastic resin obtained by impregnating a polymerizable compound containing a polymerizable unsaturated group into a polyurethane type thermoplastic resin and polymerizing the compound; and an inner layer of a polyurethane type thermoplastic resin which is continuous or non-continuous with said surface layer.

Abstract: A process for producing coherent films of polyactylene is disclosed. A support is contacted with a catalyst comprising an acidic, polar medium containing a transition metal salt, water and a borohydride. The support is then contacted with acetylene gas which forms on the support a coherent film of polyacetylene strongly adherent to the support.

Abstract: A surface treatment method for magnetic particles is disclosed, which comprises the steps of activating magnetic particles by application of heat thereto, treating the surface of the magnetic particles with a reactive silane coupling agent, bringing the treated magnetic particles into contact with at least one polymerizable vinyl-type monomer, polymerizing the monomer to form a polymer, and coating the surface of the magnetic particles with the polymer.

Abstract: A process of bonding a coating of a polyurethane resin to a polyolefin substrate is provided. The polyolefin substrate is coated with a graft copolymer of a polyolefin and a functional monomer such as acrylic acid. The graft copolymer is flame treated to fuse it. A liquid polyurethane precursor composition is then applied thereto and cured.

Abstract: A process for modifying the surface characteristics of a pre-formed polymeric substrate to impart hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, or other desired properties thereto, by peroxidizing the surface of the substrate and then allowing the active sites along the polymer chains to generate free radicals which induce graft polymerization of a suitable ethylenic monomer (or other ethylenically-unsaturated compound) onto the surface of the substrate is described. Such graft copolymerization is undertaken in the presence of variable valence metal ions in a reduced state under acidic conditions and at selected reaction times and relatively low temperatures, and ideally in the presence of squarate ions (diketocyclobutenediol) to control the physical characteristics of the surface graft and to restore the metal ions to their lower valence state without at the same time producing deleterious by-products.

Abstract: A process for producing a printed circuit board characterized by forming a thermosetting resin layer on internal walls of through holes before an electroless plating treatment can produce printed circuit boards having high reliability without causing blow-holes on the through hole walls.

Abstract: In a process for producing a radiation curable pressure sensitive adhesive tape, when a quaternary ammonium salt is coated on a substrate as an undercoating before the coating of an adhesive composition comprising a liquid oligomer and a thiol compound, the resulting adhesive tape has good adhesive strength and higher cohesion with no unpleasant odor of the thiol compound.

Abstract: The invention discloses a novel process for producing covalently bonded laminated structures composed of polyurethane elastomer and vulcanized rubber layers. As the joining means for covalently bonding the polyurethane elastomer and vulcanizable rubber laminates the process utilizes novel grafted polyurethane joining compositions comprised of polyurethane elastomer, a polyisocyanate, and a hydroxyl containing polybutadiene difunctional linker molecule. In practicing the process of the invention, the grafted polyurethane joining composition is first prepared by means that create covalent chemical bonds between the polyurethane elastomer and a first functional (NCO) group on the polyisocyanate, as well as between a hydroxyl on the polybutadiene difunctional linker molecule and a second functional (NCO) group on the polyisocyanate. This novel grafted polyurethane composition is then used to bond layers of polyurethane elastomer to layers of vulcanizable rubber.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a new and novel primer composition comprising a silicone modified epoxy resin and an organotitanium acid ester. These compositions are useful for priming solid substrates to allow the adherence of room temperature cured silicone rubber to the substrate. The compositions are also useful as protective coatings.

Abstract: The electrical conductivity of solid, impregnable materials, such as cellulose-based insulating materials, can be increased by supplying to the solid impregnable material a substance with the ability, during polymerization of a pyrrole compound comprising at least one of the substances pyrrole and N-methylpyrrole, to give a polymer with higher electrical conductivity than the solid impregnable material, as well as a pyrrole compound of the kind stated, whereafter the pyrrole compound is transformed into a polymer in the solid, impregnable material.

Abstract: Integral silicone molded products comprising a unitary structure of a substrate with different phases is made by coating a substrate with a mixture of an alkenyl containing polyorganosiloxane, a polyorganohydrogensiloxane, and an addition-reaction catalyst where at least one component is applied to the substrate and then additional components are applied and diffuse to result in a coating with a polyorganosiloxane phase whose degree of crosslinking is low and a polyorganosiloxane phase whose degree of crosslinking is high and the phase having the low degree of crosslinking is next to the substrate. Such molded products are coated hybrid IC transistors, solar battery modules, and optical fibers.

Abstract: Membranes based on silicic acid heteropolycondensates are produced by hydrolytic polycondensation of at least one silicic acid derivative in the presence of water and, if appropriate, a condensation catalyst, the polycondensation being carried out at the surface of a support, which supports the resulting membrane. The reactants can be fed to the surface of the support via the gas phase or via one or more liquid phases.

Abstract: A method for treating non-woven fabrics or fibers used in the manufacture of automobile tires and accessories, and the products produced by such method. In order to improve the adhesion qualities of fabrics used in the manufacture of pneumatic tires, particularly chafer strip and bead wrap constructions, to thereby reduce or eliminate the splitting and deterioration tendency of such products under high stress conditions, by impregnating the non-woven fabric with at least an equal amount of elastomer by fabric weight.

Abstract: A multilayer coated article such as a baking pan with a primer of silicone resin and silicone oil and a topcoat of silicone resin, colloidal silica and flake pigment.

Abstract: A method which allows autodeposition onto a non-metallic surface wherein a metallic powder is applied to the non-metallic surface followed by application of an autodeposition coating.

Abstract: Poly(acetylene) films are produced by polymerization of acetylene, if appropriate mixed with a di- and/or poly(alkyne), in the presence of an active transition metal catalyst on filaments, fibers, woven or knitted fabrics, nonwovens, laid webs, interlaced structures or nets composed of metals, glass or natural and/or synthetic fibers.

Abstract: Process for the treatment of fibres e.g. of nylon or polyester/cotton in which the fibres are contacted with a polydiorganosiloxane having at least one --OM group, in which M represents H, alkyl or alkoxyalkyl, and at least one quaternary ammonium salt substituent --RN.sup.+ (R").sub.2 R'X.sup.- in which R represents a divalent hydrocarbon or hydrocarbonoxy group, R' represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group or an alkyleneoxy or polyalkyleneoxy group, each R" represents methyl or ethyl and X represents a halogen atom.The treatment facilitates the removal of oily stains during laundering and may be applied in conjunction with other silicones.