Abstract: A method for producing an electronic apparatus casing including: a step of forming a copper layer by way of non-electrolytic plating onto a casing body made from a magnesium or magnesium alloy material shaped into a predetermined configuration; a step of forming a nickel layer on the copper layer by way of non-electrolytic plating; a step of carrying out a surface grinding and a honing to the nickel layer; a step of forming a hard transparent glass layer by using a colloid solution containing SiO.sub.2 and Na.sub.2 O; and a step of forming a silica layer on the hard glass layer by using a partially hydrolyzed solution of an organic silicate ester.

Abstract: Structural steel profiles such as channels, having a material thickness greater than 2 mm, are roll-formed to a preform profile with corners partial bent, in-line galvanized, and then further roll-formed to final shape. The preform profile has upwardly facing convex surfaces allowing rapid shedding of excess galvanising material. By preforming corners before galvanising, surface elongation in the galvanising layer is minimized and cracking eliminated. This is enhances by constant length bending of corners over preform and final roll-forming operations.

Abstract: Copper-containing surfaces of substrates such as laminated electronic circuit boards are protected by organometallic coatings comprising organic compounds selected from the group consisting of benzimidazoles, alkylimidazoles, benzotriazozles and alkyltriazoles, substituted or unsubstituted, and metal particles of solder-wettable metals or metal solders. The metal particles can be thermally formed in situ from metallic compounds such as noble metal acetates, acetylacetonates and carbonates.

Abstract: Processes for producing improved environmental protection, corrosion resistance and improved paint adhesion for metals; e.g., ferrous, aluminum, or magnesium alloys; and other surfaces upon contact is disclosed. The processes comprise use of one or more Group IV-A metals such as zirconium in an acidic solution with one or more oxyanions or other non-fluoanions to stabilize and solubilize the metal while fluorides are specifically excluded from the processes and compositions. The processes optionally contain pretreatment stages that serve to activate a surface and/or promote formation of a Group IV-A metal oxide matrices through use of an oxygen donor. The compositions are at a pH below about 5.0 and is preferably in a range between about 1.0 and about 4.0. The coatings may contain surfactants, sequestering agents, or organic additives for improved corrosion protection and paint adhesion. The substrate may be treated by immersion, spray, fogging or rollcoat.

Abstract: A method of coating a golf club head under vacuum conditions with an open hanger type shot blasting machine includes the steps of forming a blank of golf club head; grinding the blank to form large pores on the surface of the blank; polishing the blank to form a refined blank containing fine pores on the surface thereof; hanging multiple refined blanks on hangers in an opening hanger type shot blasting machine to rotate and move the blanks into a vacuum rear portion of the machine. Meanwhile, shot blasting material containing mixed shot grit and powdered metal coating material is centrifugally thrown with mechanical throwing arms, so that shot grit strikes and forms numerous deeply depressed pores on the refined blanks. The shot grit quickly leaves the surfaces of the refined blanks due to a reactive force produced during impact of the shot grit on the blanks.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the metallizing of precision machine parts coupled with heat-treatment and machining to insure the minimal handling the remachining generally required due to dimensional distortion resulting from the standard heat-treatment used in hardening the metallized coating.

Abstract: A breathable, decorative wallcovering having a smooth, continuous, aesthetically appealing exposed surface which can be printed with a design or pattern having sharply defined edges, and having a relatively high moisture permeability, includes a porous polymeric ply fused to and supported by a nonwoven substrate ply which consists of an array of hydroentangled fibers. The porous polymeric ply is formed by thermally fusing a plastisol coating, which is applied to the nonwoven substrate ply, and which has a thickness sufficiently low to permit localized variations in fiber orientation and small variations in the thickness of the nonwoven substrate ply to cause the formation of a multiplicity of miniature discontinuities which are substantially invisible to the unaided eye and which are randomly distributed throughout the coating. The plastisol coating is, however, thick enough to allow the formation of a coating which upon thermal fusion provides a polymeric ply having a smooth continuous appearance.

Abstract: A method for applying a rough slip resistant non-skid surface to a substrate in the field at the cite of use, comprising applying at least one base coat of metal to a surface of the substrate; wetting the surface of the substrate with a surfactant; spreading grit onto the wetted surface of the substrate; applying at least one bond coat of metal over the grit and the substrate, locking the grit in place; and, applying at least one finish coat of metal over the grit and the substrate.

Abstract: A superalloy turbine blade (10) has a MCRALY bond coating (22) and a thermal barrier coating (24). The thermal barrier coating (24) comprises a plurality of alternate layers (25, 27) which have different structure to produce a plurality of interfaces (26) substantially parallel to the metallic substrate (20)/ bond coating (22) interface. These interfaces (26) provide paths of increased resistance to heat transfer to reduce thermal conductivity of thermal barrier coating (24). The structure in the alternate layers (25, 27) of the thermal barrier coating (24) is columnar (28), or segmented, to ensure that the strain tolerance of the thermal barrier coating (24) is not impaired. The columnar grains (28) in the layers (25, 27) extend substantially perpendicular to the metallic substrate (20)/ bond coating (22) interface. This enables thermal barrier coating (24) of reduced thickness and weight to be used.

Abstract: A process for preparing a solder bump can be prepared by the following procedure. The chip package was cleaned with an alkali or acid solution followed by Zn displacement (zincating)in a displacement solution which comprises NaOH, Z.sub.n o, potassium sodium tartrate and sodium nitrate. After zinc displacement the chip package was performed the electroless Ni--Cu--P deposit in the strong reducing solution which contains NaH.sub.2 PO.sub.2. The chip package deposited with Ni--Cu--P was then dipped into an organic solution as flux which is a mixture of the stearic acid and glutamic acid. Finally, dip soldering of the Ni--Cu--P deposited chip packages in a molten solder bath at a temperature 40.degree..about.80.degree. C. higher than the melting point of the corresponding Pb--Sn alloy.

Abstract: A semiconductor lead frame having an improved structure formed of plated layers is provided. The semiconductor lead frame has the structure of multi-plated layers in which a Ni plated layer, a Pd strike plated layer, and a Pd--X alloy plated layer are deposited on a substrate in the described order. In such a multi-plated layer structure, the Pd strike plated layer covers the porous surface of the Ni plated layer and decreases the surface roughness. Since the thickness of the outer Pd--X alloy plated layer can be maintained uniform due to the Pd strike plated layer, corrosion durability and bonding characteristics are enhanced, thus minimizing the generation and progress of cracks.

Abstract: The invention concerns a binding matrix containing a carrier material and a solid phase reactant which is adsorbed to this via anchor groups that is capable of binding to at least one free reaction partner wherein the solid phase reactant forms a dilute and essentially laterally homogeneous binding layer on the surface of the carrier material. In addition a method for the determination of an analyte in a sample solution is claimed in which a solid phase reactant is used which is a component of a binding matrix according to the present invention. In this process the specific binding reaction is preferably determined by optical reflection techniques.

Abstract: Corrosion protective coatings for metallic materials, particularly aluminum and aluminum alloys, produced with simple, low-cost equipment and materials other than toxic metals or metal salts, or metal cyanides. The metallic material is cleaned, degreased, and deoxidized, the surface is converted to a substantially alkaline condition, and the surface is chemically sealed with inorganic metal compounds.

Abstract: A composition for reducing a copper oxide layer to metallic copper so as to facilitate bonding a resin to the metallic copper is disclosed. The composition is an aqueous reducing solution containing a cyclic borane compound. Examples of such cyclic borane compounds include those having nitrogen or sulfur as a ring-forming members, such as morpholine borane, piperidine borane, pyridine borane, piperazine borane, 2,6-Iutidine borane, 4-methylmorpholine borane, and 1,4-oxathiane borane, and also N,N-diethylaniline borane.

Abstract: A method for coating metal cookware having a cooking surface includes the steps of: (1) roughening and cleaning the cooking surface of the metal cookware; (2) applying a metallic scratch-resistant layer onto the roughened and cleaned cooking surface by electric-arc spraying; and (3) applying an anti-stick layer onto the scratch-resistant layer. The step (2) includes electric-arc spraying a stainless steel and an aluminum alloy onto the cooking surface of the metal cookware in order to improve corrosion resistance of the scratch-resistant layer. The stainless steel consists of less than 0.2% by weight of carbon, 17-20% by weight of chromium, 7-10% by weight of nickel and the remainder being iron. The aluminum alloy consists of 0.25% by weight of silicon, 0.4% by weight of iron, 0.10% by weight of copper, 0.05-0.20% by weight of manganese, 4.5-5.5% by weight of magnesium, 0.05-0.20% by weight of chromium, 0.10% by weight of zinc, 0.06-0.20% by weight of titanium, 0.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of protecting a land or roadway vehicle body from surface corrosion which causes pitting, blistering, and other defects in paint at the joints in the skin, where the body surface is comprised of dissimilar metals in its skins and stringers and in the fasteners therefor. Roadway vehicles such as ambulances and fire trucks often have aluminum skins fastened with stainless steel screws, bolts, or rivets to aluminum structural members to save weight, but corrosion thereof is a persistent problem. The new method comprises using an anti-oxidant, a heavy grease compound with metallic zinc dispersed therein as dust or powder, such as electrical joint compound, as a bedding compound applied to surfaces of the fasteners or to the insertion apertures therefor before assembly. In one commercial form, the compound comprises about 51-53% by weight zinc, about 36% by weight refined heavy paraffinic distillate, and about 11-13% by weight aluminum stearate.

Abstract: A metal material characterized in that the material comprises a substrate metal, a film comprising a nickel fluoride layer and formed on the substrate metal, and a film comprising a carbon layer and formed on the film.

Abstract: A coated Ni base superalloy article is provided with improved microstructural stability under a coating at least partially diffused into an article surface portion, by avoiding the formation, after exposure to elevated temperatures, of a constituent called SRZ which can affect detrimentally mechanical properties of the article. Such avoidance can result from neutralizing stress in the article surface portion prior to coating, for example by physically removing the stressed portion or by recrystallizing the stressed portion to a fine grained structure which subsequently can be consumed by diffusing elements in a coating method. Also, such avoidance can result from maintaining a Re segregation factor, Re.DELTA., between dendrite cores and interdendritic regions of the alloy cast structure at no greater than about 40%.

Abstract: A method of treating a light metal cylinder bore wall to adherently receive a thermally sprayed metallic coating, that comprises (a) honing the wall to produce a net cylinder shape surface by use of spiral overlapping cross-abrasions having certain peaks and valleys of the abrasions folded over and molded to create tears, folds and undercuts rendering a hook and ladder effect, the honing being carried out with the use of a machining coolant to prevent burnishing of the walls; (b) either concurrently or shortly after step (a), washing the honed surface with a hot alkaline solution comprising (i) a non-soaping aluminate forming agent (sodium xanthate) that produces a residue on the walls, and (ii) surfactants that facilitate wetting of the walls even when some steam bubbles may be present; (c) rinsing the washed surfaces without disturbing the residue; and (d) thermally spraying a metallic bond coat and top coat on the honed and washed surface to render adhesion between the coating and prepared surface that is

Abstract: The protection against black and white rust on zinciferous surfaces by a conventional chromating treatment is improved by drying into place on the zinciferous surface before chromating a pre-treatment composition that contains hexavalent chromium ion plus one or more salts of nickel and cobalt, in an amount to produce an add-on of 0.5 to 100 mg/m.sup.2 of metal.

Abstract: It is an object of this invention to provide a process for manufacturing a lead frame by polishing a blank for a lead frame electrolytically and plating the electrolytically polished surface of the blank with a metal, which process enables the electrolytic polishing of the blank to be continued for a long time by employing a contactless electrolytic polishing apparatus, and can form an electrolytically polished surface which is sufficiently smooth to allow it to be plated with a very good metal coating.The contactless electrolytic polishing apparatus is employed for applying a direct current with ripples having a frequency of 40 to 120 Hz alternately to the anode and cathode in an electrolytic polishing tank filled with an electrolytic polishing solution, so that the time for which the blank positioned between both electrodes functions as the anode may be at least 3.3 times longer than that for which it functions as the cathode, and the blank is, then, plated with a metal by employing a customary method.

Abstract: A process for coating metal substrates including cleaning, degreasing and activating the substrate wherein a strongly adhering bonding agent layer is deposited on the substrate. The bonding agent layer comprises a thickness of aluminum. The bonding agent layer is deposited at a temperature not exceeding 300.degree. C.

Abstract: Steam or gas turbine components comprising chromium steel have their fluid directing surfaces protected from corrosion by a surface layer coating consisting essentially of major weight amount of nickel and minor weight amounts of zinc, optionally with boron added, over a nickel preplate which limits deleterious diffusion of zinc into the surface substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides highly durable electrodes for electrolysis, which are platinum group metal oxide-coated or composite oxide-coated Ti electrodes, comprising a sputtered film of a metal or an alloy consisting of at least one selected from the group of Ti, Zr, Nb and Ta to be transformed the metastable .beta. phase to the .alpha. phase in crystal structure by the heat treatment to prepare the active layer carried on the surface, as an intermediate layer at the interface between Ti substrate and electrocatalytic active layer, and method for preparation thereof. The electrodes allow stable electrolysis at low electrode potentials for long periods of time as highly durable electrodes for electrolysis, especially electrodes for oxygen evolution at high current density.

Abstract: A method and composition for coating an automotive brake rotor to render it corrosion resistant without impeding the braking function of the rotor, includes cleaning the rotor and thereafter applying a coating composition thereto which composition includes an inorganic alkali metal-silicate binder and a finely divided metal admixed therewith.

Abstract: In a high-speed electrogalvanizing process, steel strip is protected from the formation of troublesome zinc nodules by masking the edges of the strip, while the strip is moving and upstream from the electrogalvanizing step, with an ultraviolet curable coating, and curing the coating, while the strip is moving, prior to introduction to the electrogalvanizing step.

Abstract: A beta-double prime aluminum oxide solid electrolyte (24) is prepared for wetting by a liquid electrode material. The method includes mechanically rubbing an asperity-filling metal against the surface (32) of the solid electrolyte (24) until the solid electrolyte (24) turns gray in color, which fills in asperities (34) in the surface (32) of the electrolyte (24). The electrolyte (24) and deposited asperity-filling metal (36) are heated to a temperature above the melting point of sodium, and sodium is de posited onto the electrolyte surface (32) and permitted to wick along the surface (32).

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for coating tanks and pipe systems internally in that, first, a tank (1) is filled with a liquid (3) consisting of water to which is admixed an acid (10). Oxide coating on the internal surface is removed through heating and circulating the liquid (3) through a filter (4). The liquid (3) is neutralized through the admixture of a base (12). Approximately one fifth of the neutralized liquid (3) is drawn off, the tank (1) being refilled with a concentrated metal solution (15). The temperature, acidity and metal concentration of the liquid (3) are maintained close to constant through supplying heat, acid (10) or base or base (12), and concentrated metal solution (15), respectively. Air or vapor is supplied through a blowing pipe (5) and creates stirring, surplus liquid and gas being drained through a pipe (16). When the internal surface of the tank (1) has received a coating having the desired thickness, the process is interrupted in that the liquid (3) is cooled and drained.

Abstract: A method for applying a chromium surface treatment to nickel-based air data sensors to improve the corrosion resistance properties of the components while retaining thermal conductivity in order to efficiently transfer internally generated heat to the exterior of the component during anti-icing or deicing procedures is provided. The method for applying a chromium surface treatment to nickel-based air data sensors includes the steps of: (a) ion plating a nickel-based substrate with chromium atoms using a physical vapor deposition process; (b) interdiffusing the chromium and the nickel atoms at the surface region by means of a first thermal treatment carried out in an inert environment; and (c) oxidizing the chromium atoms at the surface region to create a chromium oxide layer during a second thermal treatment performed in an oxygen-containing environment.

Abstract: A bath for pre-treatment of light metals that form oxide layers, before electroless (chemical) metal deposition is an aqueous bath containing phosphorous acid. The bath is used in the following process for electroless deposition of nickel: (1) Degreasing by boiling (2) Rinsing (3) Pickling (4) Rinsing (5) Treatment in aqueous bath containing phosphoric acid (6) Rinsing with water (7) Chemically nickel plating (8) Rinsing. The light metal articles are packed in a drum that is immersed and rotated in the pre-treatment bath. Current and voltage are applied to a light metal bar that is attached to a non-rotating place on the drum.

Abstract: This patent teaches a new method of roughening the surface of a magnetic recording medium in order to reduce the stiction and friction between a recording head and the medium to thereby improve mechanical reliability. During this method, the medium substrate is heated to form second phase precipitates which result in roughening of the medium surface. The medium roughness can be controlled by proper selection of the heating temperature and time and the substrate alloy. This results in improved contact-start-stop (CSS) performance of the medium. The method of the present invention allows for lower costs and potentially higher throughput than conventional texturing processes.

Abstract: Complex compounds are disclosed comprising a metal of the 8th to 11th groups of the Periodic Table with at least one organic ligand, wherein the complex exists in an oligomeric or polymeric form, and the organic ligand preferably contains at least one N or O atom, or a multiple bond, or several of these elements. The complex compounds are useful for the generation of metal seeds on a non-metallic substrate.

Abstract: The corrosion resistance inherent in stainless steel is further improved by a cladding layer provided on the surface thereof. The cladding layer is formed of a coating material which is applied onto the surface of the stainless steel and, then, burnt to be fused by laser beams. The coating material contains a larger amount of Cr than that of the stainless steel. The thus fused material and a fused portion of the stainless steel are mixed with each other to form the cladding layer of remarkable corrosion resistance due to a larger amount of Cr contained therein. The formation of the cladding layer on the inner surface of a small diameter pipe is enabled by a coating film shaping device which has a jig for shaping the applied material into a film of a uniform thickness and by a laser irradiation torch which has an arrangement for emitting the laser means radially outward from the inside of the pipe.

Abstract: A method of coating a metal cookware having a cooking surface includes the steps of: (A) roughening and cleaning the cooking surface of the metal cookware; (B) applying a metallic scratch-resistant layer onto the roughened and cleaned cooking surface; and (C) applying an anti-stick layer onto the scratch-resistant layer, whereby the anti-stick layer has a roughness of about 2.5-5.5 .mu.m, a thickness of about 23-36 .mu.m and a pencil hardness of about 8-9 H, the anti-stick layer consisting essentially of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and perfluoroalkoxy polymers (PFA), the ratio of PTFE to PFA ranging from 55:45 to 60:40.

Abstract: A mechanical plating process and composition for applying tin- and nickel-containing mechanically plated coatings, which exhibit improved brightness and corrosion resistance, to metal articles.

Abstract: After primary blasting is applied to the outer circumferential surface of a cylindrical valve lifter the upper end of which is closed with an abrasive to form a rough surface, a secondary blasting is applied to the rough surface with an abrasive which has particle size smaller than that of the first abrasive. Smaller irregularities are formed on the rough surface, and a coated layer is formed by thermal spraying on the surface, thereby increasing adhesive strength of the coated layer by anchoring effect.

Abstract: In a method of dry process fluxing at least one surface of a metallic article, the surface to be fluxed is treated with a plasma at atmospheric pressure of a gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen and optionally at least one inert gas. The invention also concerns an apparatus, particularly for practicing the process, as well as a process for soldering or plating.

Abstract: A method for coating metal cookware includes (a) roughening and cleaning a cooking surface of the metal cookware's inner wall by spraying aluminum oxide of 60-80 mesh onto the inner wall surface; (b) applying a mechanically resistant layer onto the roughened and cleaned cooking surface of the metal cookware by electric-arc spraying at a temperature of 4500.degree.-8000.degree. C., under a pressure of 5-8 kg/cm.sup.2, and with a voltage of 30-40 V and a direct current of 100-300 A, the mechanically resistant layer being made of a metallic material, and (c) applying a lubricative layer, which consists essentially of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), onto the mechanically resistant layer by spray coating until the lubricative layer has a thickness of about 23-36 .mu.m and whereby a pencil hardness of 8-9H is achieved.

Abstract: The corrosion resistance inherent in stainless steel is further improved by a cladding layer provided on the surface thereof. The cladding layer is formed of a coating material which is applied onto the surface of the stainless steel and, then, burnt to be fused by laser beams. The coating material contains a larger amount of Cr than that of the stainless steel. The thus fused material and a fused portion of the stainless steel are mixed with each other to form the cladding layer of remarkable corrosion resistance due to a larger amount of Cr contained therein. The formation of the cladding layer on the inner surface of a small diameter pipe is enabled by a coating film shaping device which has a jig for shaping the applied material into a film of a uniform thickness and by a laser irradiation torch which has an arrangement for emitting the laser means radially outward from the inside of the pipe.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing embossed foil for use in controlling the flow of the molten metal tin plating provided in forming laminated tape for use in superconducting magnets utilizing meshing knurling rollers with truncated paramydical elements arranged to provide and embossed pattern for uniform and controlled flow of the tin.

Abstract: A corrosion resistant electrically conductive coating on steel anode studs used in the production of aluminum by electrolysis.

Abstract: A thin plate such as a magnetic disk substrate is rotatably placed in a hole of a carrier provided between upper and lower surface plates forming a dynamic pressure producing surface in a temperature-controlled polishing liquid. When the number of revolutions of the surface plates increases, the dynamic pressure effect of the polishing agent is produced between the surface-plate surface and the substrate surface so that the substrate is polished in the non-contact state with the surface plate. The substrate surface is polished by fine free abrasive grains in the polishing liquid flowing between the surface plate and the substrate to provide a high plane degree to which surface precision of the surface plate is transferred. The present invention makes employs a float polishing, and is particularly suit to surface polishing of a thin plate such as a magnetic disk substrate which resets a residual processed strain. A magnetic disk having an excellent surface state can be realized.

Abstract: A raw plated steel sheet for can comprises recrystallized particles containing approximately C<0,004%, Si<0.03%, Mn:0.05-0.6%, P<0.02%, S<0.02%, N<0.01%, Al:0.005-0.1%, Nb:0,001-0.1%, B:0.0001-0.005% in weight. The maximum diameter of a particle is less than about 30 .mu.m, and an area ratio of particles ranging about 5-25 .mu.m being more than about 50%. Such a steel sheet has excellent processing characteristics and good uniformity in product quality.

Abstract: A process for fabricating a porous, high surface area electrode and the use of that electrode in an electrolytic cell for manufacturing chlorine-free chlorine dioxide from dilute alkali metal chlorite solutions in a single step is disclosed. The electrolytic cell uses a porous flow-through anode and a cathode separated by a suitable separator.

Abstract: A process for plating a tin-lead alloy on a substrate by displacement plating from an immersion plating solution containing dissolved tin and lead. The process includes the steps of pretreatment of a substrate by contact with a solution containing a pH adjustor for said immersion deposition solution followed by contact of the substrate with said immersion plating solution for a time sufficient to deposit an alloy of tin and lead.

Abstract: A method for the application of a thermal spray coating to the cylinder wall portions of an aluminum engine block casting is disclosed in which the casting is inverted and water is caused to flow through the cooling passages of the engine block in a series flow from one end of a bank of cylinders to the other while the block is supported on a fixture that seals the cooling passage outlets in the head of the block. The fixture further permits the spray of a metallized coating onto the cylinder walls without adherence of the spray to the fixture or to other portions of the block.

Abstract: In a process for manufacturing a rigid magnetic recording disk, the disk's rigid substrate member is subjected to a force that produces plastic deformation in a manner so as not to remove material therefrom. In this way, the disk is provided with a surface topography that contains a controlled texture, for example in the area of the disk's start/stop track. In an embodiment of the invention, an ultrasonic probe and a disk shaped substrate member are placed in close proximity within a container that holds a fluid abrasive slurry, i.e. a suspension of hard particles in a liquid. Operation of the ultrasonic probe, as the substrate member rotates, causes the slurry to texture an adjacent portion of the substrate member by means of plastic deformation and in the absence of material removal from the substrate member. Operation of the probe thus provides texturing of the disk at an inner diameter track area thereof, for example in the disk's start/stop area.

Abstract: Zinc or zinc alloy plated steel sheet ready for deep drawing coated with 1-5 gm/m.sup.2 of a dry, tack free continuous thermoplastic acrylic coating. The coating is formed by inductively heating the sheet to a temperature of about 149.degree.-246.degree. C. for no more than 10 seconds after being roll coated with a continuous liquid film of an aqueous solution including an acrylic polymer. The acrylic coating forms a protective film that is impervious to moisture, oil, and dirt, is able to be welded and adhesively bonded and possesses sufficient toughness and lubricity to allow deformation of the sheet without additional external lubricant. A deep drawn article formed from the sheet has enhanced painting characteristics after the acrylic coating is removed and the article is coated with a phosphate coating.

Abstract: A method of forming friction-reducing and wear-resistant silver/molybdenum coating material by co-depositing quantities of silver and molybdenum simultaneously forming nano-crystalline binary mixtures on iron surfaces.

Abstract: A membrane for extracting hydrogen from gaseous and gaseous-liquid mixtures at low temperature makes use of a palladium or palladium alloy substrate and permits reduction of the surface resistance of the substrate. The membrane includes combined coatings including vacuum-deposited palladium ions driven into the substrate with inert gas ions and an electrochemically applied catalyst coating in the form of palladium or palladium/platinum black. A method for fabricating the membrane and a method for using the membrane to separate ultra-pure hydrogen are also disclosed.