Abstract: Preparation of feed screw having a wear resistant alloy coating thereon for the injection molding or extrusion of plastic. Nickel-based alloys that have shown themselves to be compatible with inlaid barrel liners by virtue of similar wear ratios, modulus of elasticity, ultimate yield strength, and linear thermal coefficients of expansion, are sprayed at high velocity onto a heated feed screw to mechanically bond the alloy to the feed screw. The alloy is then fused to the feed screw in a controlled manner. Following the fusing process, the feed screw and alloy thereon is heated and allowed to cool in a highly controlled environment to produce a crack-free dense coating of the alloy on the screw substrate.

Abstract: Anode current collectors for electrochemical cells are burnished in a solution containing soluble indium ions.

Abstract: A roughened surface of a conductive substrate, such as copper, provides uniform Sn-Pb solder coatings and improved solder retention at printed wiring board (PWB) plated through-hole rims (knees) and surface pads during solder dipping or reflow. A high density of copper surface features of moderate average roughness provides the most favorable solder coating thickness distribution. Various chemical or electrochemical etching processes may be used to produce the desired copper surface topography. Reflowed solder thickness distribution in a PWB knee region attained with a ferric chloride copper etching process peaks at 4 .mu.m, which provides a good margin of safety for preventing exposure/oxidation of the underlying Cu-Sn intermetallics. The ferric chloride copper etching process yields only 1% of solder thickness measurements in the undesirable 0-1.5 .mu.m range for plated through-hole rims. Copper surface roughening is expected to greatly reduce solderability loss in mass produced PWBs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lead frame material for a semiconductor, which comprises a copper or copper alloy matrix having a layer obtained by applying an Ag-plating of a thickness of from 0.005 to 0.5 .mu.m on the surface of the matrix and diffusing Ag into the matrix by heat treatment.

Abstract: A continuous process for coating a series of workpieces with a metal coating comprises the steps of cleaning the workpieces with a high-pressure water system which utilizes particulates; isolating the workpieces in a non-oxidizing chamber; spraying the workpieces with a wet flux; inductively preheating the workpieces with a preheat induction coil; spraying a coating metal onto the surface of the workpieces; inductively heating the workpieces with a main induction coil; and continuously conveying the workpieces through each of the above steps.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing a magnetic recording medium at high efficiency. A flexible web is passed around first and second cooling cans. The web is reversed between the two cans so that the same surface of the web is directed to the outside on both cans. A single evaporation source produces an evaporated stream of magnetic film forming material which impinges on the web as it passes around both cans, thereby to form two films of the evaporated magnetic material on the same surface of the web.

Abstract: An improved method and an apparatus for the ion implantation of spherical surfaces are disclosed. The method includes the provision of a revised fixture by which a plurality of spherical workpieces are presented to a large area ion beam in a way that their entire respective spherical surfaces are uniformly ion implanted to improve their surface characteristics. The fixture includes a disc mounted for motion about two axes normal to each other, a plurality of holes formed in a the disc loosely to accommodate therein a plurality of spherical workpieces, each of the plurality of holes formed with a spherical bottom and having a cleaning orifice, cooling means disposed on one side of the disc, a thermocouple operatively mounted in association with the disc, and a cover plate mounted on a second side of the disc and provided with a plurality of apertures concentric with the plurality of holes formed in the disc.

Abstract: A ceramic thermal barrier coating system for superalloy components subjected to high operating temperatures, such as gas turbine engine airfoils, includes a high purity alumina interfacial layer between the metallic substrate and the ceramic overcoat in order to better resist failure by spalling.

Abstract: Titanium magnetic disk substrates are manufactured by preparing a base by stripping not less than 5 .mu.m from the surface layer of a titanium cold-rolled plate, and then forming a film of not less than 5 .mu.m consisting of 1 or more non-magnetic transition metal elements belonging to Groups IVA, VA, VIA, VIIA and VIIIA of the Periodic Table, on the surface of this base.

Abstract: A method is described for improving the erosion and abrasion wear resistance and hardness of the internal wear surfaces of structures such as nozzles, jets, ducts, chutes, powder handling tubes, valve housings, conveyors, drill bushings and the like. A substantially pure tungsten layer is chemical vapor deposited on the internal wear surface of the body of the structure followed by a chemical vapor deposited top coating comprising a mixture of tungsten and tungsten carbide. The tungsten carbide is selected from the group consisting of W.sub.2 C, W.sub.3 C, and mixtures thereof and is fine grained, non-columnar and has a substantially layered microstructure. Also described are structures formed by the method.

Abstract: A process for producing corrosion resistant and wear resistant medical tools and instruments by coating high strength low-carbon martensitic stainless steels with a thin, hard layer of refractory metal compound, preferably via cathodic arc plasma deposition technology. The invention also covers the coated medical tools produced via such process.

Abstract: To obtain an anticorrosive Fe-B-R type permanent magnet; in particular, to reduce deterioration rate of the initial magnetic properties below 10% after the magnet has been kept at 80.degree. C. in 90% relative humidity for 500 hours, the surface of the sintered permanent magnet is coated with metallic coating film layers of at least one noble metal layer and at least one base metal layer disposed on the noble metal layer. Diffusion heat treatment further improves the adhesiveness of the coating film layers.

Abstract: Workpieces are very rapidly diffusion coated by heating the packed workpiece at a rate that brings the workpiece to diffusion-coating temperature and then completing the diffusion coating, all in less than 50 minutes, then cooling. Workpiece can have top coating layer of aluminum flake covered by a layer of extremely fine alumina or silica in a magnesium chromate binder, to provide surface having roughness at least about 10 micro-inches smoother than before the top coating. Used aluminized jet engine hot section members can be reconditioned by a fluoridizing treatment that deoxidizes and also removes residual aluminizing, so that the members can then be repaired if necessary and re-aluminized.

Abstract: A method for forming a surface layer on a base material to be processed by electric discharge process, said method being characterized in that the electric discharge process is conducted in liquid or liquefied gas by use of a metalloid or a metal as an electrode for electric discharge process to thereby form on the surface of said base material a layer having an amorphous alloy structure or a very fine crystal structure.

Abstract: The quality or durability of an oxidation protective coating produced by alitizing or aluminizing on the surface of a structural component made of titanium or titanium alloy, is improved by adding niobium to the surface of the structural component. The addition may be accomplished prior to the aluminizing or during the aluminizing. Prior application may involve, for example, vapor deposition of the niobium. Simultaneous application involves including a niobium donator powder in the aluminizing powder mixture.

Abstract: A roller for conveying a web is manufactured by applying a layer of nickel to a steel roller and blasting the surface of the nickel layer with steel shot to create on the surface a deep texture with well rounded down features and sharp up features with peaks. The blasted surface is finished with a grinding action for removing the peaks to produce plateaus surrounded by interconnected channels. The interconnected channels of the surface allow air entrained between the roller surface and a web to be vented through the channels while the web is in contact with the roller.

Abstract: The invention discloses a coated substrate product comprises of a titanium or titanium alloy substrate, at least one thin interlayer composed of a non-reactive noble metal and a hard outer coating selected from the group comprised of a ceramic, hard metal, a hard metal compound and a diamond-like carbon, wherein at least the non-reactive noble metal interlayer which is immediately adjacent to the titanium or titanium alloy substrate is deposited onto the substrate by means of an electroless plating procedure, and the hard outer coating is deposited onto the non-reactive interlayer(s) by means of known chemical and physical vapor deposition techniques. The invention also discloses a method for making these coated substrate products.

Abstract: A method of wetting and coating various metals, which have been mechanically polished and chemically cleaned and etched, includes plasma cleaning and etching the metal and delivering mercury or other liquid metals through the plasma to the surface of the metal to be wetted. Tungsten, molybdenum, steels and elkonite are among the metals which may be wetted with a liquid metal according to the method of this invention. Molybdenum is cleaned and etched in a solution of 2-propanol and H.sub.2 O.sub.2.

Abstract: A method for improving oxidation resistance life of a metallic coating deposited on a metallic alloy including boron treats the alloy to reduce the boron prior to depositing the coating. The article provided by using a diffusion coating method has a diffusion zone between the coating and the alloy substrate characterized by the substantial absence of boride needles traversing the diffusion zone from the coating into the alloy.

Abstract: To coat metallic or ceramic surfaces with hard substances by means of brazing, a powder mixture of 60 to 90% silver, 2 to 35% copper, 2 to 30% tin and/or indium and 2 to 20% titanium, zirconium, hafnium, chromium, vanadium, tantalum, niobium, titanium hydride, zirconium hydride and/or hafnium hydride together with an organic binder and then the hard-substance powder are deposited on the surface and heated to 900.degree. to 1200.degree. C. The particle sizes of the metallic powders must be less than the particle size of the hard-substance powder.

Abstract: Method of making copper clad conductor by impinging of copper particles upon a heated steel wire to cause adhesion of the particles to the wire, by coalescence, building up the particles to form a coating and then drawing the coated wire to the required diameter. The coated wire may be heat treated to cause flow of copper to improve the surface finish before the drawing process. The copper particles may be directed at the wire by a spraying technique. Alternatively, the wire is passed over a fluidized bed of the particles and through a cloud of particles thrown up by the bed.

Abstract: The metal substrate (4) is covered with a coating (6) consisting of another metal or alloy having a thickness of 4 to 50 .mu.m, by deposition of molten metal or alloy (5) through a nozzle (2), this melting point [sic] being lower than that of the substrate metal. This coating comprises, at the interface with the substrate, a layer of intermetallic compound with a thickness of between 0.5 and 4 .mu.m not exceeding 40% of the total thickness, the remainder consisting of the initial metal or alloy used for the coating, in a proportion of between 97% and 99.5% by weight.

Abstract: A nickel particle plating system in which a multiplicity of minute nickel particles are provided with gold and silver coatings and are deposited in a nonconductive matrix to form an electro-conductive body in which the particles may be placed along conductive paths. The coatings are applied to the particles in a unique manner which enables the realization of a gold coating having a maximum thickness of about 5 percent of the maximum particle dimension and a silver coating having a maximum thickness of about 10 percent of the maximum particle dimension.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting stress corrosion cracking of a bearing 10 of the type installed on a shaft with an interference fit. The surface of the inner ring 16 is shot peened at least at and near the junctures 28,30 of the endwalls 22,24 with cylindrical inner surface 26. The shot peening is performed with sufficient intensity to produce residual compressive stress which offsets at least a portion of the tensile stress resulting from the installation interference fit. The shot peened surface is then coated with a thin metallic material. Finally, the inner bearing ring 16 is baked to remove hydrogen resulting from the coating.

Abstract: A process for nuclear hardening an optical part consisting of a prepared beryllium substrate processed to yield a surface finish of at least 125 micro-inch rms that is subsequently provided with a vapor deposited coating of beryllium of about 0.012 inch .+-.0.002 inch thick. The vapor deposited coating is precision finished to a low-scatter, first surface mirror on a beryllium substrate.The disclosed process broadly comprises:1. selecting a suitable substrate material of high purity beryllium;2. matching to shape;3. processing and annealing the machined part;4. mild alkaline cleaning the machined part;5. etching the machined part;6. precision machining holes, threads, and lap precision surfaces;7. cleaning all surfaces by vapor degreasing;8. coating surfaces by vapor depositing beryllium;9. thermally processing by immersing coated part in liquid nitrogen; and10. grinding, polishing, and configuring to yield a low-scatter first surface mirror on a beryllium substrate.

Abstract: An aperture plate for an ink jet printer of the continuous stream type is made corrosion resistant to the ink for long printer operating times. The aperture plate is made corrosion resistant by ion implantation, preferably of chromium ions by an ion beam implanting device. The walls of the aperture plate nozzles are substantially uniformly implanted by rotating and concurrently angling the aperture plate relative to the ion beam direction. The ion beam density and ion potential are regulated to predetermined ranges to assure effective corrosion protection while preventing overheating which will warp or embrittle the aperture plate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of impact plating selected metal powders onto metallic articles. The powders are non-spherical and are characterized by an elongated, irregular surface which may contain at least one concave portion. Such metal powders are plated onto metallic articles having a Rockwell hardness of at least B-40. The method results in metallic articles having a substantially uniform coating composed of the impact plated metal powders.

Abstract: Niobium is electrochemically or chemically coated by subjecting work pieces made of niobium to a blast treatment with aluminium oxide, a treatment with an alkaline cyanide bath, a preliminary nickel deposition treatment using an acidic nickel chloride bath, another treatment with an alkaline cyanide bath, and thereafter to an electrochemical or chemical coating treatment with the desired metal in a per se known manner. To properties of the coatings, more specifically, satisfy the requirements as set for supra-conductive materials.

Abstract: The process for optimizing the solidification of zinc on a steel strip (2) under the action of germs of crystallization constituted by zinc in the form of a fine powder, which are projected by a conveying fluid inside a case (1) onto the two sides of the strip (2), is characterized in that the temperature of the strip at the exit of the case (1) is measured and this temperature is maintained at an optimal value by regulating the flow of air blown into the case as a function of the difference between the measurement obtained and the optimal temperature.

Abstract: A method of treating a commercially available ion plated graphite/aluminum composite with suitable hydroscopic liquid selected from the group consisting of methylene chloride, toluene, xylene and where such liquid treatment results in capillary action in the graphite fibers and subsequently heat treating the graphite/aluminum composite in a hot processing step where magnesium powder is sublime at a temperature in the range of 350.degree.-450.degree. C. and where such sublime magnesium vapor uniformly coats graphite and aluminum in the composite material so as to obtain a graphite aluminum composite coated with magnesium.

Abstract: A method for electroless overplating of a conductive metal on printed wiring circuitry components mounted upon a plastic substrate which eliminates deposit metal overgrowth upon the plastic substrate and plastic bonding materials. The substrate and printed wiring are treated by exposure to a tetrafluoromethane plasma environment to chemically passivate, or neutralize, the plastic or adhesive substrate surface areas prior to electroless plating of the printed circuitry elements, thus preventing the establishment of catalyzing ions on the plastic or adhesive surfaces and subsequent lay down of the deposited metal thereon.

Abstract: A surface treatment process for parts fabricated of aluminum killed steel in preparation for porcelain coating wherein the parts are subjected to a plurality of sequential liquid spraying treatments as follows:(1) An aqueous alkaline cleaning solution at a temperature of about 180.degree. F. (about 82.degree. C.);(2) A first water rinse;(3) An aqueous ferric sulfate solution having a concentration of from about 0.5% to about 1% and a temperature of from about 155.degree. F. to about 160.degree. F. (about 68.degree. C. to about 71.degree. C.);(4) A second water rinse;(5) An aqueous sulfuric acid solution having a concentration of about 2.5% and a temperature of about 140.degree. F. (about 60.degree. C.);(6) A third water rinse;(7) An aqueous nickel sulfate solution having a nickel concentration of from about 2 to about 2.5 oz./gal. and a temperature of about 150.degree. F. (about 65.degree. C);(8) An aqueous sulfuric acid solution having a concentration of about 0.35% to about 0.

Abstract: A metal is deposited onto a substrate from an electroless plating solution by plating an initial layer of metal onto the substrate, then contacting the metal-plated substrate with a solution of an acid; and plating an additional layer of metal onto the plated, acid-treated substrate. The process reduces the plating void defects.

Abstract: A method of selective plating a component, which method includes contacting upper and lower faces of the component with upper and lower masks, respectively, so that the lower mask exposes a part of the component to be plated, positioning the component over a plating tank and selective plating the component with a plating medium, the plating pressure and the hardness of the material of the upper mask being such that the upper mask is deformed during plating so as at least partially to mask the edge(s) of the exposed part.

Abstract: A method for coating metal with a dissimilar metal which comprises heating a parent metal at a temperature at which substitution of a halide metal for said parent metal occurs or a higher temperature while directly contacting the powdered halide metal with the surface of said parent metal to effect the substitution reaction of said halide metal, then cooling the resulting product, and removing the residue from said product.

Abstract: The present invention is for a flat B containing amorphous powder based in Fe, Ni, Co or a combination thereof; a coating resulting from deposition of the powder; and a method for depositing the powder.The composition of the powder and the resulting coating consists essentially of the formulation: (Fe,Ni,Co).sub.bal Cr.sub.0-20 (Mn,Mo,W).sub.0-35 (B,Si,C).sub.5-25 (Al,Ti).sub.0-10 where the subscripts are in atomic percent and with the proviso that 4.ltoreq.B.ltoreq.15, and that the balance will exceed 50%.

Abstract: A two-step process for coating a surface of an aluminum article with zinc, wherein the surface is initially exposed to a zincate bath under relatively weak zinc-depositing conditions, and then further exposed to a zincate bath under stronger zinc-depositing conditions (lower ZnO concentration and/or higher temperature), to establish thereon an adherent coating of metallic zinc. The coated article may be heated to effect diffusion of the zinc into the aluminum for producing a zinc-enriched region adjacent the surface to protect the surface against corrosion.

Abstract: Aluminium is coated on steel strip. The steel strip is heated in hydrogen to reduce surface oxides to iron, and is then sprayed at 400.degree. C. with nitrogen-atomized molten aluminium to a depth of 150 microns. Still in nitrogen/hydrogen, at 350.degree. C., the coated strip is rolled. Under these conditions, the aluminium is subjected to very high compressive stress (compared with its yield stress) while the steel does not even reach its yield stress.

Abstract: A coated article and method for producing the coated article are described. The article is coated with a system which provides protection against oxidation and corrosion and which significantly reduces the substrate temperature. An MCrAlY layer is applied to the article to be protected and a columnar grain ceramic is applied by vapor deposition to the MCrAlY coated article. An alumina layer which exists between the MCrAlY layer and the columnar ceramic layer provides for the adherence of the columnar layer to the MCrAlY layer. An important feature of the invention is that the interface between the MCrAlY layer and the alumina layer has a low surface roughness and this greatly improves the columnar ceramic layer adherence.

Abstract: A coated article and method for producing the coated article are described. The article is coated with a system which provides protection against oxidation and corrosion and which significantly reduces the substrate temperature. An MCrAlY layer is applied to the article to be protected and a columnar grain ceramic is applied by vapor deposition to the MCrAlY coated article. An alumina layer which exists between the MCrAly layer and the columnar ceramic layer provides for the adherence of the columnar layer to the MCrAlY layer.

Abstract: A coated article and method for producing the coated article are described. The article is coated with a system which provides protection against oxidation and corrosion and which significantly reduces the substrate temperature. An MCrAlY layer is applied to the article to be protected and a columnar grain ceramic is applied by vapor deposition to the MCrAlY coated article. An alumina layer which exists between the MCrAlY layer and the columnar ceramic layer provides for the adherence of the columnar layer to the MCrAlY layer. An important feature of the invention is that the interface between the MCrAlY layer and the alumina layer has a low surface roughness and this greatly improves the columnar ceramic layer adherence.

Abstract: A coated article and method for producing the coated article are described. The article is coated with a system which provides protection against oxidation and corrosion and which significantly reduces the substrate temperature. An MCrAlY layer is applied to the article to be protected and a columnar grain ceramic is applied by vapor deposition to the MCrAlY coated article. An alumina layer which exists between the MCrAly layer and the columnar ceramic layer provides for the adherence of the columnar layer to the MCrAlY layer.

Abstract: A process for the electrolytic or electroless deposition of a coating of nickel on an aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate which comprises immersing the substrate in a hydroxide solution having a pH of about 12 or above, a nickel or cobalt compound soluble therein and a non-cyanide complexing agent for the nickel or cobalt compound capable of maintaining the nickel or cobalt metal in solution at a pH of about 12 or above, and electrolytically or electrolessly coating a layer of nickel thereon.

Abstract: In the manufacture of a bearing material containing an aluminum base alloy, one surface of a steel strip is washed and roughened; the aluminum base alloy is spread on the surface of the steel strip; and the aluminum base alloy and the steel strip are hot-rolled in the air to pressure-bond the former to the latter into a unitary structure. Prior to spreading the aluminum base alloy, an aluminum powder which well adheres to the steel strip may also be spread on the surface of the steel strip.

Abstract: A process for treating food and beverage containers comprised of low-carbon steel sheet (black plate) to improve the adherence and to resist undercutting of organic can lacquers applied to the surfaces thereof when subjected to agressive environments without visually impairing the light-grey shiny steel appearance of the container surface and without loss of humidity resistance. The treatment can readily be integrated with conventional can body manufacturing procedures and includes contacting the cleaned black plate container body surface with an aqueous acidic solution containing a controlled amount of stannous ions at a controlled temperature for a period of time sufficient to deposit tin on the surfaces thereof in an amount up to about 5 mg/ft.sup.2 followed by rinsing, drying and lacquering.

Abstract: A method including a novel bath is described for the nickeling of the aluminum pads of a chip, when either in die form or in wafer assembly. A near-neutral pH immersion zinc bath is used to cover the aluminum with zinc, which is followed by immersion in an electroless boron-nickel solution for nickeling of the zinc. The method eliminates the need to isolate the chip silicon from the plating bath.

Abstract: A printed circuit board is made from a substrate having a copper clad layer thereon by means of first providing spaced through-holes through the substrate, mechanically scrubbing the surface of the substrate and then sputter etching the surface of the substrate so as to remove at least 50A. thereof from the surface and then vacuum metallizing the through-holes subsequent to sputter etching without breaking the vacuum and then finally forming a circuit pattern on the substrate by usual subtractive techniques.

Abstract: Improved method of producing adherent metallic coatings on articles made from magnesium is disclosed. The articles are exposed to a two-step surface activating prior to chemical precipitation of zinc deposit. The first activating is carried out in a solution of oxalic acid and after rinsing a secondary activating takes place in a special bath comprising alkali metal pyrophosphate and, preferably, an added wetting agent. The pyrophosphate is preferably potassium pyrophosphate K.sub.4 P.sub.2 O.sub.7.

Abstract: An improved high temperature fatigue resistant coating for nickel and cobalt base superalloys having good oxidation and sulfidation resistance. The coating comprises by weight, 8-30% Co, 8-30% Cr, 5-20% Al, 10-60% Ni and 0.05-1.0% of a reactive metal selected from the group of Y, Sc, La and mixtures thereof, balance selected from the group consisting of Pt, Rh, and mixtures thereof, the (Pt+Rh) content being at least 13%.

Abstract: An improved tank process for plating aluminum substrates which is especially advantageous for plating porous aluminum castings and, blister-free plated aluminum substrates produced thereby, characterized in that the aluminum piece parts are: (i) emulsion cleaned in a room temperature alkaline cleaner; (ii) immersed in a room temperature dilute acid, inorganic, fluoride salt solution to dissolve heavy oxides and surface silicon while minimizing etching and intergranular attack of the aluminum substrate such, for example, as a porous cast aluminum substrate; (iii) immersed in a room temperature dilute zincate bath for applying a relatively thin zinc protective coating, preferably utilizing a double zincate immersion process with an intermediate prolonged (1-3 min.) nitric acid soak to reduce the zincate deposition rate and to thereby provide improved zincate adhesion; (iv) plated with a non-porous strike applied directly on the zincate protective coating--e.g.