Abstract: Cellulosic fabrics are rendered flame resistant in a two-step procedure by applying first a tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium salt/urea precondensate ammoniated to crosslink and form an insoluble phosphorus-containing polymer within the fiber structure followed by treatment with a tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium salt. The two-step process using these chemically related phorphorus-containing flame retardants provide sufficient phosphorus in and on the cellulosic fabric to impart a predetermined minimum flame resistance. Cellulosic fabrics, primarily cotton, having flame resistant properties durable to washing yet retaining pliant, nont-stiff hand result.

Abstract: A novel process for making fluoropolymer-fiber composites is disclosed, which produces composites with improved physical properties. The composites are useful in parts that require chemical and/or thermal stability, as in chemical process equipment.

Abstract: A conductive polymeric material such as a textile fabric having a conductive polymer film may be treated with a solution containing a chemical reducing agent to reduce its conductivity. By selectively reducing portions of the conductive polymer in varying degrees, a gradient of conductivity may be produced in the material. After the conductive polymer has been reduced to a target level, the reducing solution may be removed with a hot water rinse.

Abstract: Flame retardant cellulosic fabrics having reduced shrinkage are obtained by treatment involving reaction of fabric with a non self-condensing methylolamide under aqueous acid conditions, followed by treatment of fabric with tetrakis hydroxylmethyl phosphonium compound or condensate and then curing the ammonia.

Abstract: Acetoacetamide is used as an effective formaldehyde scavenger in the manufacture of composition board using a urea formaldehyde adhesive resin and in the manufacture of durable press finished fabrics using a nitrogen containing methylol resin.

Abstract: Rapidly immobilizing paper coating compositions may be prepared by formulating an aqueous coating composition comprising a cationic starch, pigment and sufficient base to obtain a pH above the pK of the starch derivative so that the starch is no longer cationic; coating the paper substrate; and lowering the pH of the coating such that the starch becomes cationic.

Abstract: Natural or synthetic fibers (or fabrics, knits, papers, or webs made of such fibers) are improved in at least abrasion resistance, dye receptivity and/or other properties by bringing together on said fibers (or product made thereof) a liquid dispersion of a dispersible normally-solid polymer having pendent acid groups, such as carboxylic groups, and a reagent which reacts with the carboxylic group to render the polymer non-dispersible. The reagent may be one which supplies metal cations having a valence of at least 2 or it may be a primary amine, secondary amine or tertiary amine, or salts of the amine, a polyamine or salt thereof, or a quaternary ammonium salt. The reagent may precede the polymer onto the substrate, or may follow the application of the polymer onto the substrate.

Abstract: A bonded porous sheet material for use in the manufacture of food casing, said material being produced by treating a fibrous web with a thermoplastic film forming material which bonds the fibers of the web and imparts high alkaline strength to the treated wet and subsequently treating the bonded fiber web with a solution of film forming material and an insolubilizing agent for the film forming material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to colored orthipedic resins and colored orthopedic casting materials which are storage stable. In making the colored orthopedic resins and colored orthopedic casting materials, a chromophore-containing polyol is covalently bonded into a prepolymer resin.

Abstract: Cast-coated papers having high surface gloss, smoothness and high surface strength are produced by applying an aqueous pigment coating onto the surface of a base paper, drying the applied pigment coating to form a cast-coated layer, rewetting the pigment coating layer with a rewetting solution, pressing the rewetted pigment coating layer into contact with a heated, highly polished drum to impart a high gloss surface, the rewetting solution containing a dispersant and/or a release agent as its main components and having its pH adjusted to be between 2 and 4 by incorporation of at least one carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of formic acid, acetic acid, tartatic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, malic acid and benzoic acid.

Abstract: A protective material having a membrane layer and a sorbent layer. The membrane is a thin-film composite membrane permeable to water vapor but relatively impermeable to organic vapors. The sorbent layer includes activated carbon or other sorbent or reactive material, and captures traces of organic vapor that permeate the membrane layer. The material is particularly useful in intermediate-level protective clothing.

Abstract: A coated cation exchanged fabric having as its base a fluorinated cation exchange resin, oriented at least 1x, in alkali metal salt form and as its coating an unoriented or oriented melt-fabricable precursor of the same salt-form fluorinated cation exchange resin. The invention also includes various processes for making the coated fabric.

Abstract: A fluorinated cation exchange membrane made using reinforcement of oriented, hydrolyzed fabric of a cation exchange copolymer, the fabric having a coating of a melt-processible precursor or derivative of a fluorinated cation exchange resin on at least one surface or throughout.

Abstract: A sheath/core yarn having as its core a fluorinated cation exchange resin, oriented at least 1x, in alkali metal salt form and as its sheath an unoriented or oriented melt-fabricable precursor or derivative of the same salt-form fluorinated cation exchange resin. The invention also includes various processes for making the sheath/core yarn.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a water absorptive composite, which comprises the combination of the steps of (A) applying an aqueous solution containing (a) a polymerizable monomer comprising as a main component acrylic acid, of which 20% or more of the carboxyl groups have been neutralized to its alkali metal salt or ammonium salt, (b) a crosslinking agent, (c) a polyoxyethylene acyl ester with HLB of 7 or more and (d) an oxidative radical polymerization initiator to a prefabricated fibrous substrate and (B) polymerizing the polymerizable monomer applied to the fibrous substrate with addition of a reducing agent to form a composite of a polymer derived from the polymerizable monomer and the fibrous substrate.

Abstract: A multilayer composite fabric material consisting of a woven or non-woven fabric support, a microporous membrane layer, and an ultrathin permselective surface coating, and optionally an intermediate sealing layer and a protective top layer; the material being freely permeable to water vapor but impermeable to toxic organic vapors.The material is suitable for fabricating protective clothing for use in industrial and military hazardous chemical enviornments.

Abstract: An orthopedic cast forming composition which is coated upon a flexible fabric as a water-curable prepolymer resin wherein the resin is formed by the reaction of an isocyanate and a polyol wherein the polyol has a colorant premixed therewith.

Abstract: A process for flame retarding blends of cellulosic and other fibres e.g. polyester fibres involves impregnation thereof with tetra kis (hydroxyorgano) phosphonium compounds or condensates thereof followed by curing with ammonia, the operation being performed in at least two steps, and with 5-20% of organophosphorus compound (as THP.sup.+ ion) applied in the first step.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for coating substrates with polyurethane ureas which is characterized in that a substrate is coated with a product, which has been obtained by the reation of (A) a prepolymer based on an aromatic polyisocyanate containing on average two ketoxime-blocked NCO groups and having an average molecular weight of about 500 to 15,000 with (B) a chain-extending agent corresponding to the formulaH.sub.2 N--R'--NH.sub.2in which R' is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radical, in the presence of solvents at temperatures above 50.degree. C. and at an equivalent ratio of blocked NCO groups to NH.sub.2 groups of 1.43 to 1.02, wherein after about 40 to 90% of the available amino groups have reacted, the reaction is completed with crosslinking at temperatures above 120.degree. C.The present invention is also directed to the coated substrates produced by this process.

Abstract: An article formed by stiffening the folds of the folded plate structure by applying a low viscosity penetrant along the folds which reacts with the cement to harden it where it has been weakened due to folding. Applications include sandwich panel roof and floor decking and siding for buildings, cylindrical sandwich panels for arch roofs and large pipes or culverts, box beams and girders, and dome roofs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fusible textile product and its method of manufacture. This thermally fusible product, intended particularly for the textile industry of a type comprising on one hand, a woven, knitted or non-woven textile substrate and, on the other hand, points of a thermally fusible material distributed on one of the external faces of the substrate, in particular polymer base. It comprises at least one reactive material and at least one reactive mean suitable for stimulating fixing and developing the reaction between the reactive material and a part of the thermally-fusible material with a view to partially modifying its chemical structure at least at the interface with the substrate, in such a way as to prevent the thermally-fusible material flowing through the substrate when affected by heat, pressure or steam. Method of manufacture of such a product.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new process and group of products that are useful in preventing nylon and wool fibers, including carpeting and upholstery, from being permanently stained. Fibers can be permanently stained by food colors contained in foods spilled on the fiber. This new group of sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde or naphthol-formaldehyde and anionic surfactant compounds not only block the stain from the fiber but also minimizes any yellowing or discoloration of the treated fibers during the application and during the subsequent exposure to sunlight or commonly used lightfastness testing equipment.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a water absorptive composite material, which comprises the combination of the following steps of:(A) applying an aqueous solution of a polymerizable monomer comprising as a main component acrylic acid, of which 20% or more of the carboxyl groups have been neutralized to its alkali metal salt or ammonium salt, to a prefabricated fibrous substrate;(B) polymerizing the polymerizable monomers applied to said fibrous substrate to form a composite of a polymer derived from said polymerizable monomer and said fibrous substrate; and(C) adding to said composite a crosslinking agent having two or more functional groups reactive with the carboxyl groups and/or carboxylate groups contained in the polymer to react therewith.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a modifed wood material can fix within a raw wood material an insoluble, non-flammable inorganic compound with a highly efficient reaction achieved between cations and anions by sequentially immersing the raw wood material at least three times alternately in each of, and different one from that employed immediately before of a first water-soluble inorganic substance solution containing cations and a second water-soluble inorganic substance solution containing anions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the continuous production of polymers and copolymers of water-soluble monomers particularly arcylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, optionally with additional comonomers, by the polymerization of an aqueous monomer solution that is introduced into the trough that is formed by an endless conveyor belt. The trough-like shape of the conveyor belt changes continuously into an extended flat profile during the polymerization process; starting from the side edges and working towards the center of the trough formed by the conveyor belt, the resulting polymer gel strand is released continuously during the transition of the curved trough-like shape of the conveyor belt into the extended, flat form.

Abstract: A process for preparing a semipermeable composite membrane comprising a microporous substrate and an ultra-thin membrane covering the substrate, wherein the ultra-thin membrane comprises a crosslinked piperazine polyamide as a main component and contains a constituent component represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R stands for --H or --CH.sub.3 and n is an integer of from 0 to 3.

Abstract: A waterproof fabric having a high moisture permeability and having an ultra-microporous continuous polymer coating having an average pore diameter in the range of between 50 .ANG. and 0.2.mu., said polymer having a monomer unit containing at least one acid radical selected from carboxyl group, sulfonic acid group, and alkali metal salts thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of textiles that are coated with polyurethane, in which the material that is to be coated is coated with two oppositely charged aqueous ionic dispersions of polyurethanes that contain no free isocyanate groups and contain covalently bonded, solubility-enhancing ionic groups, dried and optionally waterproofed. Cationic and anionic polyurethane dispersions are preferred in a weight ratio of 1:1, and are applied to the textile material in a two-coat technique, wet-on-wet. In addition, the invention relates to textile material produced in this way, with improved waterproof qualities and the use of such textiles for the production of breathable, water- and wind resistant clothing, industrial textiles, and leather substitutes, all of which are permeable to water vapour.

Abstract: An antimicrobially active, non-woven web, a wet wiper containing the web, and a method of making the web. The method includes the steps of forming an unbonded fibrous web; applying throughout the unbonded fibrous web an uncured polymeric binder; applying a leachable catalyst to catalyze the cross-linking of the binder during curing, the leachable catalyst being antimicrobial; and curing the binder to cross-link the binder and bind the fibers together to form an antimicrobially active, non-woven web.

Abstract: A pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is crosslinked between carboxyl groups along one surface by polyvalent cations, thus making that surface substantially tack-free while leaving at least one broad surface of the layer tacky and pressure-sensitive. When a broad surface of the adhesive layer is thus made completely tack-free, the adhesive layer can be wound upon itself in roll form without a backing for convenient storage and shipment. Preferably a low-adhesion backsize coating covers the broad tack-free surface to insure that the adhesive layer can be unwound after prolonged storage without delaminating.

Abstract: A compact stretcher is disclosed which is erectable upon requirement. In a preferred embodiment, stretcher poles each consist of a tube of textile material impregnated with a moisture-curable polyurethane which is received within an impervious outer cover tube. The tubes and stretcher base are carried in a folded condition until erection is required when the contents of a canister containing compressed air and water are introduced into each pole. Once the two poles have been extended and the polyurethane cured, the poles are inserted into respective cavities of a canvas base to a stretcher.

Abstract: An antimicrobially active, non-woven web, a wet wiper containing the web, and a method of making the web. The method includes the steps of forming an unbonded fibrous web; applying throughout the unbonded fibrous web an uncured polymeric binder; applying a leachable catalyst to catalyze the cross-linking of the binder during curing, the leachable catalyst being antimicrobial; and curing the binder to cross-link the binder and bind the fibers together to form an antimicrobially active, non-woven web.

Abstract: An antimicrobially active, non-woven web, a wet wiper containing the web, and a method of making the web. The method includes the steps of forming an unbonded fibrous web; applying throughout the unbonded fibrous web an uncured polymeric binder; applying a leachable catalyst to catalyze the cross-linking of the binder during curing, the leachable catalyst being antimicrobial; and curing the binder to cross-link the binder and bind the fibers together to form an antimicrobially active, non-woven web.

Abstract: A process for improving the hygroscopic, soil release and other properties of a polymer substrate is provided in which the substrate is contacted with a suitable aqueous mixture containing a water-soluble cross-linking vinyl monomer and an organic hydrophobic carrier compound at a temperature of between about 40.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. Polymerization of the monomer is thereafter initiated by a chemical or physical initiator to form a vinyl polymer evenly disposed on the substrate. The hygroscopic, soil release and other surface properties of the substrate are thereby improved. The mixture may be in the form of an emulsion wherein the hydrophobic carrier compound is emulsified by an appropriate agent. The invention also pertains to the improved substrates prepared in accordance with the present process.

Abstract: A solid, composite and conductor material is obtained by impregnating an impregnable solid with a pyrrolic compound, and bringing the so-impregnated solid into contact with an oxidizer solution, so to cause a pyrrolic polymer to form inside the solid material.

Abstract: A process for generating electrically conductive patterns on a dielectric substrate, such as an insulating sheet, which comprises applying to preselected areas of the substrate a preselected concentration of an ink in the form of an oxidizing agent, such as a solution of a ferric salt, e.g., ferric chloride or ferric ethylbenzenesulfonate, and which can also contain a suitable binder or thickening agent, to form printed images on the substrate surface. The resulting printed surface of the substrate is then exposed to an excess of reactant, e.g., pyrrole monomer in vapor phase, which reacts with the oxidizing agent to develop conductive images, as by forming polypyrrole, in those printed areas of the substrate containing the oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing polishing cloths of the class to be used with abrasive powders on a lapping machine is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of impregnating a nonwoven fabric sheet with a solution of polyurethane elastomer, wet-coagulating the impregnated sheet, and heating the resulting microporous composite sheet at a temperature higher than the softening point of the polyurethane elastomer under an essentially uncompressed condition.

Abstract: In a process for printing a substrate employing apparatus elements such as printing plates, engraved rolls, wiping blades, transfer rolls, metering rolls, or the like, and printing ink which comes into contact with the elements and substrate, the improvement comprising carrying out the printing with an ink comprising an aqueous system of colorant and water dispersible polymer having carbonyloxy linking groups in the linear molecular structure wherein up to 80% of the linking groups may be carbonylamido linking groups, the polymer having an inherent viscosity of at least about 0.1 measured in a 60/40 parts by weight solution of phenol/tetrachloroethane at 25.degree. C. and at a concentration of about 0.25 gram of polymer in 100 ml. of the solvent, allowing the ink to substantially dry, and subsequently contacting the dried ink with a solution of one or more multivalent cation salts to impart thereto a high degree of resistance to water dispersibility.

Abstract: A moisture-permeable waterproof coating is formed by coating a fabric with a water-based coating composition containing a film forming polymer and a water-soluble polymer in a proportion of 5 to 70% based on total solids, drying or heating the fabric to form a film thereon; and then treating the resulting film with an aqueous solution of an enzyme which selectively degrades the water-soluble polymer, thereby enzymatically degrading the water-soluble polymer and extracting the degraded water soluble polymer from the film, whereby the film on the fabric is rendered microporous.

Abstract: Production of electrically conductive composites comprising a dielectric porous substance, e.g., fiberglass fabric, and a pyrrole polymer in the pores of such substance, by treating the porous substance with a liquid pyrrole, and then treating the resulting porous substance with a solution of a strong oxidant in the presence of a non-nucleophilic anion, such as ferric chloride. The pyrrole monomer is oxidized to a pyrrole polymer, which precipitates in the interstices of the porous material. Alternatively, the dielectric porous material can first be treated with a solution of strong oxidant and non-nucleophilic anion followed by treatment with liquid pyrrole, to precipitate an electrically conductive polypyrrole in the pores of the material. The resulting composite of porous material, e.g., fiberglass fabric, containing polypyrrole is electrically conductive while the other properties of such impregnated conductive porous material are substantially unaffected.

Abstract: An excellent reverse osmosis membrane having a high flux with superior chlorine resistance and low salt passage can be obtained by interfacially condensing a water soluble aromatic polyamide prepolymer with an essentially monomeric, aromatic, amine reactive polyfunctional acyl halide. The polyamide prepolymer may be prepared through the condensation reaction of an aromatic diamine and an aromatic anhydride acyl halide. Preferably the amide prepolymer, prepared from metaphenylene diamine and trimelletic anhydride acid chloride, is reacted with trimesoylchloride to form the thin film membrane of the subject invention.

Abstract: Antisoiling properties of polyamide filaments are enhanced upon melt-spinning by using a spin finish comprised of a textile lubricant, an antisoiling fluorochemical and an epoxy resin.

Abstract: A premoistened towelette or wiper type paper product having high wet strength when stored in an acidic pH medium and during usage and lower wet strength when immersed in a neutral or alkaline pH medium for disposal in conventional sewage systems comprising a non-woven fibrous web which is treated with an improved polymeric binder comprising a copolymer of glyoxal and polyvinyl alcohol which maintains high wet strength when stored for sustained periods of time in acidic pH wetting medium conventionally used for external cleansing of the human body and during usage and yet which will readily break-up during flushing. This instant invention also comprises a method of treating non-woven fibrous webs with the improved glyoxalated polyvinyl alcohol copolymer binder and drying prior to wetting in an acidic, e.g. boric acid medium.

Abstract: A method of providing a composite sheet material which has soft and pliable hand characteristics, despite being dense, and also high resistance against discoloration and deterioration. The method comprises impregnating and/or coating a fibrous sheet with a mixture of (A) a polyurethane elastomer containing a sterically hindered amino group within its molecular chain, (B) a compound selected from the group consisting of a polybasic acid and its halide, metal salt and ammonium salt, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms remain unreacted, which amount of (B) is within the range of 0.8-5 molar equivalents relative to the sterically hindered amino group, and (C) a solvent for the polyurethane elastomer (A), and subjecting the resulting material to wet coagulation.

Abstract: Integral silicone molded products comprising a unitary structure of a substrate with different phases is made by coating a substrate with a mixture of an alkenyl containing polyorganosiloxane, a polyorganohydrogensiloxane, and an addition-reaction catalyst where at least one component is applied to the substrate and then additional components are applied and diffuse to result in a coating with a polyorganosiloxane phase whose degree of crosslinking is low and a polyorganosiloxane phase whose degree of crosslinking is high and the phase having the low degree of crosslinking is next to the substrate. Such molded products are coated hybrid IC transistors, solar battery modules, and optical fibers.

Abstract: A method for producing a polishing pad is disclosed. The method involves uniformly fully impregnating a fibrous batt with an aqueous polyurethane dispersion, coagulating the polyurethane dispersion to form an impregnant and drying the impregnant. The aqueous polyurethane dispersion may include colloidal silica. Heat and pressure are applied simultaneously to at least one surface of the impregnant to form a composite having a bulk density approaching the actual density of the impregnant at the polishing surface while maintaining microporosity throughout the structure. An adhesive is applied to the surface opposing the polishing surface to form an adhesive backed polishing pad. The polishing pad is comprised of a polymer homogeneously impregnated fibrous batt with the polishing surface having a bulk density approaching its actual density.

Abstract: A method finishing keratinous textile articles, for example wool fabrics, which comprises treating the articles with an anti-felt polymer for example isocyanate functional or bunte salt functional polymers, and a polymer of chlorinated ethylenically unsaturated monomer, for example polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polypropylene, and dichlorobutadiene. Thereafter, the articles are treated with an anionic titanium or zirconium complex at low pH. Textiles so treated exhibit both shrink-resistant and flame-retardant properties.

Abstract: A pre-cure resistant liquid phenol-formaldehyde resin binder composition having low viscosity and low surface tension for efficient spray application as fine droplets in waferboard manufacture comprising a highly condensed and cross-linkable phenol-formaldehyde resin of relatively high average molecular weight and a non-resinous methylolated phenol condensate having an average molecular weight of 200-300.

Abstract: There is provided a method of coating a paper substrate in either sheet or web form to form a base useful in forming electrostatic masters. A thin coating of a reactive film forming resin is applied to the paper and the resin reacted with an ammonium zirconyl complex and dried. This treatment avoids blocking or sticking together of successive layers of paper coated with relatively low glass transition temperature film forming resins.

Abstract: The invention is a composition of matter and method for its use in reducing formaldehyde emission from wood composite panels bonded with aminoplast resins. The preferred composition comprises urea, a carbohydrate based material such as cooked or gelatinized starch, and an acidic catalyst for the resin. The ratio of urea to carbohydrate based material is in the range of 10:1 to 40:1 while the urea forms from 20-60% of the composition. In use, the composition is preferably sprayed on the wood particles, flakes or fiber in the blender at the same time resin is added. Typical usage is 0.4-3 parts, on a urea basis, added to each 100 parts of dry wood substance. Depending on several factors, the reduction in formaldehyde emission ranges from 60-90% without serious deterioration occurring in any other product physical properties.