Abstract: Improved adherence of oxide wear layers on hard metal or cemented carbide substrates is obtained by providing a thin surface-oxidized bonding layer comprising a carbide or oxycarbide of at least one of tantalum, niobium or vanadium, optionally adding aluminum to the bonding layer, and finally providing an outer oxide layer layer.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant protective coating on an aluminum substrate capable of withstanding corrosion attack by process halogen gases and plasmas is disclosed. The protective coating is formed by contacting an aluminum oxide layer on an aluminum substrate with one or more fluorine-containing gases at an elevated temperature. In a preferred embodiment, a high purity corrosion-resistant protective coating on an aluminum substrate capable of withstanding corrosion attack may be formed by first forming a high purity aluminum oxide layer on the aluminum substrate and then contacting the aluminum oxide layer with one or more high purity fluorine-containing gases at an elevated temperature to form the high purity corrosion resistant protective coating theron.

Abstract: The surface of high temperature superconductors such as YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-x are passivated by reacting the native Y, Ba and Cu metal ions with an anion such as sulfate or oxalate to form a surface film that is impervious to water and has a solubility in water of no more than 10.sup.-3 M. The passivating treatment is preferably conducted by immersing the surface in dilute aqueous acid solution since more soluble species dissolve into the solution. The treatment does not degrade the superconducting properties of the bulk material.

Abstract: An electrically conducting material including a cyanic group-containing material having adsorbed thereby copper sulfide. The cyanic group-containing material is in the form of powder or shaped body such as fiber, film, plate, rod or like and is formed of a synthetic polymer such as polyacrylonitrile or a polyamide having introduced thereinto cyanic groups; a naturally occurring polymeric substance such as cotton having introduced thereinto cyanic groups; or a low molecular compound such as phthalonitrile. The electrically conducting material may be prepared by treating the cyanic group-containing material with a source of monovalent copper ions and a sulfur-containing compound to form copper sulfide adsorbed by the cyanic group-containing material.

Abstract: The coating of a substrate with a coating different from and non-reactive with the substrate is improved by energetic surface alloying of the substrate prior to coating. The ion implantation alters the stoichiometry of the substrate, creating a substrate surface which is reactive with the coating. For example, the bonding of TiN to Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 is enhanced by implanting the substrate surface with Ti.

Abstract: A method for decreasing the dissolution rate of a hydroxyapatite coating or other calcium phosphate coating formed on a metal substrate by treating the coated metal substrate in a fluoride ion containing solution. The effective reagents for fluoride treatment can be any solution which supplies fluoride ion with the suitable pH of the solution being 3 or higher, preferably 5 or higher. The treatment enhances the stability of the coating strength.

Abstract: A process for restoring imaging members, which comprises (1) providing, subsequent to its utilization and removal from an electrophotographic imaging device, an amorphous silicon photoconductive imaging member with a protective overcoating; (2) contacting this member with a fluorine containing composition for an effective time period enabling the removal of the protective layer; (3) washing and drying the surface of the resulting imaging member; and (4) subsequently depositing a protective layer thereover.

Abstract: The naturally occurring metal oxide layer in contact with a metal in the bulk state is treated with a solution of a salt of yttrium or the lanthanide metals. The treatment is applied in order to increase the adhesive strength of bonds between the metal and subsequently applied adhesives and to enhance the durability of such bonds in aqueous environments. The concentration of the applied solution is preferably in the range 10.sup.-2 to 10.sup.-6 M. Yttrium or samarium nitrate is the preferred salt. The treatment is preferably used in conjunction with epoxy resin adhesives.

Abstract: Finely divided silicon carbide materials, particularly powders, whiskers and short fibers, are provided with a titanium nitride surface coating by the process of (i) placing a low carbon diffusivity layer atop the silicon carbide, (ii) placing a titanium metal coating atop the low carbon diffusivity layer, and (iii) nitriding the titanium metal.

Abstract: The modification of a diffusion barrier by the deposition of one or more inorganic species within the pores and on to the surfaces of said diffusion barrier to form an immobilized crystalline lattice barrier or molecular grid having substantially uniform permeability and to select and separate different ionic species, giving a high efficiency of separation with a low energy input. The diffusion barrier is characterized by one or more units, each incorporating a tubular housing with a bundle of porous hollow fibres therein, arranged in the axial direction of the housing. The inorganic crystalline lattice is exemplified by barium sulphate (BaSO.sub.4) formed by the interdiffusion of barium hydroxide (Ba(OH).sub.2) and sulphuric acid (H.sub.2 SO.sub.4) solutions, or, alternatively, co-precipitated aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH).sub.2) and barium sulphate (BaSO.sub.4) formed by the interdiffusion of barium hydroxide (Ba(OH).sub.2) and aluminium sulphate (Al.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3) solutions.

Abstract: A coated substrate in which the coating includes abrasion-resistant particles protruding from the hardened surface of a metal matrix and is bonded to the substrate.

Abstract: A responsive film containing a responsible group occuring a chemical reaction by energy beam is formed on an insulated substrate, and energy beam is irradiated in a pattern, and part of the responsive group is selectively deactivated or activated, and only the remaining portion of the responsive group of the responsive film is coupled with a chemical substance containing metal in a later process, and an ultrafine pattern of metal film is formed.

Abstract: A method of producing coatings of boron nitride on substrates by the application of solutions containing boron compounds.

Abstract: Workpieces are very rapidly diffusion coated by heating the packed workpiece at a rate that brings the workpiece to diffusion-coating temperature and then completing the diffusion coating, all in less than 50 minutes, then cooling. Workpiece can have top coating layer of aluminum flake covered by a layer of extremely fine alumina or silica in a magnesium chromate binder, to provide surface having roughness at least about 10 micro-inches smoother than before the top coating. Used aluminized jet engine hot section members can be reconditioned by a fluoridizing treatment that deoxidizes and also removes residual aluminizing, so that the members can then be repaired if necessary and re-aluminized.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp containing a Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 or Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 coating on a layer of yttrium vanadate phosphor and a method of coating the layer of the yttrium vanadate phosphor with a continuous protective coating of Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 or Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 is described. The method comprises applying a coating of a metal, such as yttrium or aluminum, on the yttrium vanadate phosphor then lehring the metallic coating at about 500.degree. C. to about 625.degree. C. to form a continuous protective coating of Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 or Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 overlaying the layer of phosphor.

Abstract: Novel poly(alkenylpentaboranes) such as poly-2-vinylpentaborane are useful as precursors to BN or B.sub.4 C ceramics. The non-crosslinked poly(alkenylpentaboranes), which are soluble in common inert organic solvents, are prepared heat treatment of corresponding alkenylpentaboranes. The non-crosslinked poly(alkenylpentaboranes) are heated under an inert atmosphere to crosslink them, and the crosslinked products are pyrolyzed to yield B.sub.4 C. Alternatively, the non-crosslinked poly(alkenylpentaboranes) are heated in the presence of ammonia to yield a nitrogen-containing polymer which, upon pyrolysis, yields BN.

Abstract: A process for the formation of alumina containing carbon fiber mats is provided. The process comprises dispersing an alumina precursor solution in the mat, converting the precursor to an insoluble hydroxide precipitate and hydrolizing the precipitate to form alumina nodules dispersed throughout the mat. Also provided is an alumina containing carbon fiber mat comprising carbon fibers and nodules of alumina, which are substantially uniformly dispersed throughout the mat, and a sodium sulfur cell having a sulfur compartment containing such a mat.

Abstract: A method for fixing chromated copper arsenate agents in wood by treating the wood with a fixing agent selected from the following: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is the same or different and is hydrogen, phenyl or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sub.3 is (R.sub.4).sub.2 (HO)C-- or R.sub.4 OOC-- and R.sub.4 is hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl or pyridyl.

Abstract: The adherablility of a thin coating of a metal or semiconductor oxide, such as indium tin oxide or silicon dioxide, is improved by treating the coating with an aqueous solution containing an effective amount of an active oxygen compound such as sodium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: Protective coatings are applied to substrate metals by coating the metal surface, e.g. by dipping the substrate metal in a molten alloy of the coating metals, and then exposing the coating at an elevated temperature to an atmosphere containing a reactive gaseous species which forms an oxide, a nitride, a carbide, a boride or a silicide. The coating material is a mixture of the metals M.sub.1 and M.sub.2, M.sub.1 being zirconium and/or titanium, which forms a stable oxide, nitride, carbide, boride or silicide under the prevailing conditions. The metal M.sub.2 does not form a stable oxide, nitride, carbide, boride or silicide. M.sub.2 serves to bond the oxide, etc. of M.sub.1 to the substrate metal. Mixtures of M.sub.1 and/or M.sub.2 metals may be employed. This method is much easier to carry out than prior methods and forms superior coatings. Eutectic alloys of M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 which melt substantially lower than the melting point of the substrate metal are preferred.

Abstract: Luminescent thin films are produced by a sol-gel process in which a gellable liquid is applied to a substrate to form a thin film, gelled and heated to remove volatile constituents and form a polycrystalline luminescent material.

Abstract: A process for producing a composite material having a coating of a calcium phosphate compound on the surface of a metal substrate, said process comprising the steps ofapplying a coating solution of an organic calcium compound and an organophosphorus compound in an organic solvent to the surface of said metal substrate, andfiring the applied solution to form a coated layer of a calcium phosphate compound on the surface of said metal substrate.

Abstract: A method for forming a metal oxide film on a substrate is provided comprising the steps of depositing a continuous metal layer having an exposed surface onto a substrate, forming a metal oxide layer on the exposed surface, contacting the oxide layer with an effective amount of a fluxing agent, providing a protective polymeric layer on the oxide layer and forming discrete metal microspheres by melting the metal layer. A metal polymer composite comprising a continuous metal oxide layer which may be transparent is thus provided.

Abstract: The process for the manufacture of cathodes suitable for use in electrolysis comprising depositing onto an electrically conductive substrate at least one layer of said Group VIII metal salts, one of which is a platinum group metal and then subjecting the whole to a heat treatment to oxidize said salts to the oxide form.

Abstract: A decorative mirror having a reflective silver layer deposited on a transparent sheet. A substance which reacts with silver is applied to the silver layer to create randomly distributed areas containing reaction products including non-metallic silver where the visible light reflectance of the mirror is modified or interrupted. In order to manufacture the mirror, a transparent sheet is wetted with a silvering solution to form a reflective silver layer, and while the sheet is still wet with the silvering solution the sheet is contacted with randomly distributed droplets of a solution of a substance which reacts with silver, the two solutions being made up using different solvents. The substance which reacts with silver may be a tin compound in an alcoholic solution, the silvering being effected with an aqueous solution. The silver layer whose reflective properties have been modified may be overcoated with a second silver layer, and the whole protected with further layers, for example of copper and paint.

Abstract: This invention is designed to form thin films of metal sulfides usable in various types of electronic devices with a simple process comprising forming a layer of an organometallic compound having at least one metal-sulfur or metal-oxygen bond in the molecule on a substrate by printing or other means and then thermally decomposing the formed organometallic compound layer in an inert gas which may or may not be mixed with hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: Magnetic polymer particles are formed by swelling porous, polymer particles and impregnating the particles with an aqueous solution of precursor magnetic metal salt such as an equimolar mixture of ferrous chloride and ferric chloride. On addition of a basic reagent such as dilute sodium hydroxide, the metal salts are converted to crystals of magnetite which are uniformly contained througout the pores of the polymer particle. The magnetite content can be increased and neutral buoyancy achieved by repetition of the impregnaton and neutralization steps to adjust the magnetite content to a desired level.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a modifed wood material can fix within a raw wood material an insoluble, non-flammable inorganic compound with a highly efficient reaction achieved between cations and anions by sequentially immersing the raw wood material at least three times alternately in each of, and different one from that employed immediately before of a first water-soluble inorganic substance solution containing cations and a second water-soluble inorganic substance solution containing anions.

Abstract: A laminar gas-sensitive thick film consisting of ceramic semiconductor and metallic catalyzer is formed across a pair of electrodes carried by a ceramic substrate, and the nature of metallic catalyzer on an outer surface layer of the thick film is different from that of metallic catalyzer in that portion of the thick film which is in the proximity of the electrodes.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for utilizing the inherent oxygen-blocking characteristics of a barrier coating for a carbon-carbon material by penetrating cracked, porous areas of the coating with an oxygen inhibitor. The inhibitor will complex with active carbon-carbon material sites at the base of the cracks. The resulting system provides very effective oxidation protection at intermediate temperatures of approximately 650.degree. C.

Abstract: In a process for preparing a coated cemented carbide cutting insert, a layer of titanium carbide containing eta phase is first vapor deposited directly adjacent a cobalt cemented tungsten carbide substrate and the eta phase is then removed by contacting the titanium carbide surface with a carburizing gas under suitable conditions to convert the eta phase to elemental cobalt and tungsten carbide.

Abstract: A silicon diffusion coating is formed in the surface of a metal article by exposing the metal article to a reducing atmosphere followed by treatment in an atmosphere of 1 ppm to 100% by volume silane, balance hydrogen or hydrogen inert gas mixture. Hydrogen with a controlled dew point is utilized as a surface preparation agent and diluent for the silane.

Abstract: Filaments, yarns or tows of metal coated nonmetallic and semimetallic materials, e.g., nickel coated graphite, are sized, e.g., with poly(vinyl acetate), and/or oxidized, e.g., in steam at an elevated temperature to produce a surface of nickel oxide, and the resulting products mix more readily into plastic materials and have enhanced processability when knitted and woven.

Abstract: A process for treating the surfaces of a polymeric separator mesh for use in an electrochemical cell between an anode and a membrane to obtain a hydrophilic coating.

Abstract: An electrically conductive fibrous material and a process for preparing the same from a thermally stabilized acrylic fibrous material are provided. The thermally stabilized acrylic fibrous material is first contacted with cuprous ions to produce a cuprous ion-impregnated fibrous material, and subsequently is subjected to a sulfiding agent capable of sulfiding cuprous ions, and preferably washed, to produce thermally stabilized acrylic fibrous material having covellite copper sulfide in association therewith. Also provided are electrically conductive composites and a process for preparing the same by incorporating the fibrous material prepared in accordance with the process within a substantially continuous polymeric matrix.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacture of an electric moisture-content sensor comprising a porous layer of alumuniumoxihydroxide, the so-called boehmite, obtained by hydration of an aluminium substrate in boiling redistilled water and subsequent passivating tempering.This method, due to its simplicity, results in a larger yield in manufacture, reduced variations of parameters of individual sensors and a higher stability of their calibration curves.Due to the extraordinary prolonged stability of sensors manufactured according to this method, they can be for example applied for measuring of the moisture content of stored goods, for air-conditioning systems, for drying plants, in meteorology and also for microelectronics and in medicine.

Abstract: Aluminum articles having porous anodic oxide films are given an exposure-resistant blue coloration by dipping them first in an aqueous solution of a phosphomolybdic acid or a silicomolybdic acid, and then in a solution of a strong reducing agent such as a stannous salt, and finally sealing the porous oxide film. The method is suitable for batch or continuous operation and useful to color bumpers for passenger cars.

Abstract: A method for improving the abrasion resistance of the (cobalt) recording layer of a video tape which comprises applying a (strong) hydrogen peroxide solution to the surface and quickly removing the solution prior to the onset of disintegration of the recording layer.

Abstract: In an isotope separation system in which hot, isotopically separated vapor is deposited on enriched product and depleted tails plates, deposit adherence is improved and plate cooling simplified. The tails plate is liquid-cooled to a lower temperature which permits the product plate to be radiatively cooled by it simplifying product plate cooling and lowering its temperature to reduce the tendency for the product plate deposit to separate during temperature cycling. In one embodiment plate surfaces are cleaned of impurities in a vacuum by allowing the temperature of the tails plates to reach the relatively low operating temperature prior to proceeding with the deposition. In another embodiment plate surfaces are provided with rough surfaces to promote air penetration during deposit stripping, which permits the formation of a brittle, more easily severed bond between plate and deposit.

Abstract: The disclosure teaches a method of simulating natural desert varnish (that requires at least decades to produce by nature) within a few days. The method is broadly exemplified by the steps of applying a strong base followed by application of a soluble iron or manganese salt. Optionally, sodium hypochlorite may be applied as an additional step after the metallic salt application to speed up the process. The resulting product is difficult to distinguish from the natural varnish.

Abstract: Stabilized air-oxidized chromium films deposited on high-power klystron ceramic windows and sleeves having a thickness between 20 and 150.ANG. are useful in lowering secondary electron emission yield and in avoiding multipactoring and window failure due to overheating. The ceramic substrate for the film is chosen from alumina, sapphire or beryllium oxide.

Abstract: Accelerated fixing of chromate-containing wood preservative salts, in which freshly impregnated timbers are subjected to fixing with superheated steam, is carried out by a process wherein the freshly impregnated timbers are subjected beforehand to a heat treatment in which both the wood surface and the internal walls of the heating chamber are heated to 60.degree.-100.degree. C., preferably 80.degree.-95.degree. C., and the timbers are then treated with superheated steam in a conventional manner.

Abstract: A silicon diffusion coating is formed in the surface of a metal article by exposing the metal article to a reducing atmosphere followed by treatment in an atmosphere of 1 ppm to 100% by volume silane, balance hydrogen or hydrogen inert gas mixture. Hydrogen with a controlled dew point is utilized as a surface preparation agent and diluent for the silane.

Abstract: There are disclosed a process and the product produced by the process, of making an ion selective electrode for chloride. The process features, after forming a metal chloride layer, the step of washing the electrode in an organic acid, inorganic acid, or a solution of a salt of the acids having certain specified properties.

Abstract: Disclosed are electroluminescent devices employing a stabilized tantalum sub-oxide as a dielectric. The tantalum sub-oxide is a non-stoichiometric oxide of the general form Ta.sub.2 O.sub.m, where 4.5<m<5.0, stabilized by bonds with suitable anions such as OH. In a disclosed method, a layer of tantalum sub-oxide is deposited to a thickness of from 3000 to 4000 angstroms. More particularly, a source mixture of tantalum metal and tantalum pentoxide is provided, vaporized by electron beam evaporation, and allowed to condense on a surface. The layer of tantalum sub-oxide is exposed to anions for completing a stable oxide network. Preferably, the anions are OH radicals, and the bonds are formed by exposing the layer to a humid atmosphere. The thus-stabilized layer is reheated to remove any water.

Abstract: The reactive ion etching and thermal flow resistance of a resist image is enhanced by contacting the resist image with an alkyl metal compound of magnesium or aluminum.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing a europium activated strontium borate phosphor having a strontium containing coating. The process involves washing a europium activated strontium borate phosphor with a solution of strontium hydroxide to produce a first washed phosphor followed by removing the first washed phosphor from the resulting wash solution. The first washed phosphor is washed with a wash solution selected from the group consisting of ammonium fluoride in alcohol, ammonium bifluoride in alcohol, and a strontium salt in ammonium hydroxide, followed by removing the resulting second washed phosphor from the resulting wash solution. The second washed phosphor is then heated to produce the coated phosphor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a tenacious in-situ coating deposition of calcite on the inner surface of water pipes at very high rates. The calcite producing ingredients are supplied to the water stream in quantities supplementing concentrations available in the natural water used, giving the required supersaturation levels by addition of suitable salts to provide an aqueous lining solution supersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate containing dissolved calcium and carbonate ions. The method consists in maintaining the suspended calcium carbonate particles concentrations in the lining solution below 300 ppm, the excess suspended particles being removed by physical means. The calcite coating deposition according to the present invention has the advantage that it occurs at the rate of above 5 microns/h and even above 50 microns/h, maintaining a completely corrosion-free system during the coating. The method is applicable to lead pipes, cement mortar linings or asbestos pipes.

Abstract: A method for making fine powder of a metallic compound coated with ceramics is described. In the method, a gaseous mixture of at least one metal vapor constituting one component of a metallic compound and a carrier gas for the at least one metal vapor is passed at a speed of 50 to 2000 m/second into another element constituting the other element of the metallic compound or in an atmosphere of a gas containing the other element, which is heated to a temperature of not larger than 0.8 time as low as a melting point of the at least one metal so that the metal vapor and another element are reacted with each other while rapidly cooling, thereby obtaining a fine powder of a metallic compound. The metallic compound fine powder is further passed into other metal vapor or other metallic compound vapor to cover the metallic compound fine powder with the film of the other metal or metallic compound.

Abstract: An improvement in the formation of thick, i.e. 1,200 nanometers and greater, layers of silicon dioxide on a substrate is provided. The silicon dioxide layer is provided by the alternate deposition and oxidation of thin layers of silicon. In comparison to conventional oxidation, the time required for formation of a thick layer of silicon dioxide in accordance with the disclosed process is substantially reduced.