Abstract: A reinforcing material based on glass fibers and which is resistant to attack by the free alkali present in the cementitious matrix which is to be reinforced by said material is produced from ordinary glass scrim by coating said scrim with three successive rubber latex coatings by dipping the scrim into said latexes, and drying the coatings between dips.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for producing textile yarns so that one surface of the yarn exhibits a visually perceptive darker color hue when compared to another surface of the yarn. The yarn surfaces are coated with a colorant-containing liquid (e.g. a dye- or pigment-containing liquid) and are subsequently dried to effect a drying rate differential between the one and another surfaces to cause the colorants to migrate towards the faster-drying surface to a degree sufficient to achieve the darker color hue thereon. Twisting of the produced yarns during packaging and/or weaving will thus create a woven textile fabric having randomly distributed color variations to achieve a visually pleasing striated, tone-on-tone or heather fabric appearance.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a floor covering which includes the steps of:(a) mixing grits of at least one abrasive substance, and of a dimension not exceeding 0.7 mm, with a thermoplastic paste;(b) applying at least one coating of the mixture to a sheet of base material ahead of a doctor knife;(c) passing the coated sheet under the doctor knife, whereby the coating is levelled;(d) then sprinkling a mixture of silicon carbide grits and colored quartz aggregate particles, each of a dimension exceeding 0.7 mm, onto the surface of said coating and(e) curing the coated sheet;(f) the grits applied ahead of the doctor knife being of a dimension which does not exceed half the thickness of the coating as levelled by the doctor knife. Preferably, the coloring of the floor covering is mainly derived from the color of the sprinkled particles of quartz aggregate, and preferably the particles of colored quartz have a dimension not exceeding 1.8 mm. The invention also provides a floor covering when so produced.

Abstract: By inclusion of a fluorinated graphite material in conjunction with a silicone oil in the magnetic layer of a magnetic recording medium, the medium is improved significantly in its smooth-running properties and electromagnetic performance properties.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a support for a photographic paper, which comprises applying primary irradiation of electron beams to at least one coated layer formed on one side or both sides of a substrate and curable by irradiation of electron beams, bringing the surface of said coated layer into contact with a form member and then peeling it from the form member, followed by applying secondary irradiation of electron beams to the coated layer. The primary irradiation is carried out in the manner that the surface of the coated layer may hold shapes substantially corresponding to shapes on the surface of the form member at the stage where the coated layer has been peeled off from the form member.

Abstract: Fibre-reinforced structures comprising a thermoplastics polymer and containing at least 30% by volume of reinforcing filaments extending longitudinally of the structure which have been produced in a continuous process and which have exceptionally high stiffness. The exceptionally high stiffness results from thorough wetting of the reinforcing filaments by molten polymer in the continuous process. The thorough wetting gives rise to a product which can be further processed even in vigorous mixing processes such as injection moulding with surprisingly high retention of the fibre length in the fabricated article. The continuous processes for producing the reinforced structures employ thermoplastics polymers having lower melt viscosities than conventionally considered suitable for achieving satisfactory physical properties.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing laminated plastics materials comprising passing a first sheet material adjacent a barrier in parallel spaced relation to the barrier which is disposed obliquely to the direction of passage of the first sheet material and applying a quantity of unfoamed polyurethane prepolymer at or adjacent the edge of the first sheet upstream of the most upstream part of the barrier. A second sheet material may be applied to the foam as it passes under the barrier.

Abstract: Product and process for heat transfer labeling employing a release layer that is resistant to discoloration, cracking and crawling. The release layer is formed by a blend of oxidized and unoxidized polyethylenes in proportions that prevent objectionable discoloration and hold a superimposed design in situ in order to relieve stresses that could otherwise produce cracking and crawling during heat transfer labeling. Viscosity can be suitably controlled by the addition of a minority amount of paraffin.

Abstract: In a coating method, a coating section is arranged immediately before a coil bar while a smoother is disposed immediately after the coil bar, immediately after a coating solution is applied to a web which is run continuously a surplus of coating solution is scraped off and the web is subjected to smoothing by the smoother directly without undergoing a gaseous phase.

Abstract: A coating method comprises the steps of feeding a base material into a gap defined between a coater die and a base material feeding roller and coating said base material with viscous material discharged from said coater die, wherein the dimension of the gap between the coater die and the base material feeding roller is adjustably varied under action of a pressure at which said viscous material is discharged from the coater die in response to a variation in said pressure. The coating apparatus used for execution of the coating method is so constructed that at least one of said coater die and base material feeding roller is supported by a displacement control device so that said coater die or said base material feeding roller is displaceable against action of said displacement control device under effect of a pressure at which viscous material is discharged from the coater die.

Abstract: In method of metering a coating solution, a coil bar is rotatably supported on a holder, and after a coating solution is applied to a web which is continuously run, a surplus of coating solution is scraped off with the coil bar, metering is carried out while a solution which is substantially the same in composition as said coating solution is supplied continuously to both sides of the coil bar which are before and after in the direction of run of the web, at a predetermined flow rate.

Abstract: A method for applying a blown polyurethane coating to carpeting or other sheet material. The method includes the step of adding a filler to the polyurethane components to assure that the liquid does not unduly penetrate porous goods. The mixed polyurethane components are then placed in a puddle on the sheet material and leveled to a uniform coating. Steam is passed through the sheet material and the coating to initiate the reaction of the components. The steam also adds water to the coating, so the formulation is such that additional water is needed, and the needed water is added by the steaming. After the polyurethane has completed blowing, and before the polyurethane has cured beyond its plastic state, the foam may be compressed to decrease the thickness. A second sheet of material can be placed over the polyurethane to prevent the polyurethane from adhering to the compressing roller.

Abstract: Method and device for the continuous application of a layering mass on boards, whereby a rotating application roller and a rotating smoothing roller located directly behind the application roller in the direction of transport of the boards are used which can be separately driven and adjusted in height, a transport means for the boards is located under the rollers, and a scraper is associated with the smoothing roller. The layering mass is applied to the boards with the application roller and smoothed with the smoothing roller, which rotates counter to the direction of transport of the boards. The layering mass is a mineral fresh mortar which is applied to the boards in the area of the lower gusset between the rollers. The application roller rotates counter to the direction of transport of the boards.

Abstract: One-side zinc hot dipped steel sheets are produced by coating one surface of a steel sheet with an aqueous slurry of an anti-plating agent based on MgO, alkali metal silicates, boric acid, MOH (M is an alkali metal) and the like and containing such additives as TiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, heating the coated sheet for drying and baking, immersing the steel sheet with an anti-plating film in a molten zinc bath to zinc plate the other surface of the sheet, wetting the anti-plating film, and bending the steel sheet to cause the anti-plating film to peel off, thereby removing the anti-plating film from the steel sheet. This invention carries out the coating and baking of the anti-plating agent such that it is baked to a film having a thickness of 20 to 60 microns at a temperature of 750.degree. C. to about 930.degree. C.

Abstract: In ordinary heat-sensitive sheets using a colorless to light-colored dye precursor and a color developer which causes said dye precursor to develop a color by reacting with the dye precursor when heated, printability can be improved by establishing the maximum peaks of their void distribution curves at a void diameter of 1.0 .mu.m or less.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing nuclear radiation shields consisting of neutron-absorbing boron carbide particles embedded in a heat-dissipating copper matrix. Copper is electroplated through a layer of loose, electrically nonconductive boron carbide particles on a metal substrate. The carbide particles may be deposited on the substrate while electroplating, and heat exchanger ductwork may be incorporated. To make cylindrical shields, a cylindrical metal substrate is rotated about its axis giving rise to centrifugal forces which hold the carbide particles on the inner surface and aid electrodeposition. A thermo-mechanical process is described in which boron carbide particles pre-encapsulated with copper are consolidated into a unitary mass on the inner surface of a heated cylindrical substrate with or without the aid of a roller within the cylinder.

Abstract: In a method for increasing the cover of textile fabrics yarns are used, at least part of which exhibit potential fiber-spreading properties, which can be activated by removing from said yarns, processed into a fabric, the adhesive used for the fiber bonding in the yarn by means of a suitable solvent. The selected number of warp and weft threads per unit area is so small that on the one hand an optimal fiber spreading is obtainable, but on the other hand, after activation of the potential fiber-spreading properties, sufficient cohesion of the fibers in the fabric is retained for further processing of the fabric. After obtaining the desired fiber spreading the fiber bonding, partially lost through the activation, is at least partially restored.

Abstract: Liquid treating medium is uniformly applied to a textile workpiece by foaming it, depositing the foam in a confined space atop the workpiece, applying suction to the workpiece from below and thereafter mechanically pressing additional foam into the surface layer of the workpiece.

Abstract: Heat-sealable films are described which are constituted by a polyolefin film, particularly polypropylene, having on one surface thereof a layer of primer, applied in aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic solution, and chosen from: polyethylenimines, products of the condensation of urea or melamine with formaldehyde, particularly the etherified compounds; alkoxyalkyl melamine polyhydroxylates; or mixtures of the said compounds; and, on the other surface thereof, a layer of the said primer or one similar to the first, followed by a layer of vinyl, vinylidene or acrylic polymer or copolymer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for metering and smoothing coating on a moving web of material, such as linerboard, paperboard, paper, film, foil or the like, in which the web is fed between a skimming rod below the coated side of the web and a skirt of flexible plastic sheet material extending across the full width of the upper or uncoated side of the web and having a free end portion extending in contact with and in the direction of movement of the web. A pressurized tube in contact with the free end portion of the skirt, causes the skirt to bear directly on the upper surface of the web and downwardly on the rod to create a constant pressure web coating region between the web and the rod within which the coating thickness is skimmed down by the rod to provide a layer of coating on the web of substantially uniform thickness.

Abstract: Gas separation membranes may be prepared in a continuous manner by passing a porous support which may, if so desired, be backed by a fabric through a solution of polymethylpentene dissolved in an organic solvent such as hexane. The support member is passed through the solution while one side thereof is in contact with a roller, thereby permitting only one side of the support member to be coated with the polymer. After continuously withdrawing the support member from the bath, the solvent is allowed to evaporate and the resulting membrane is recovered.

Abstract: A packaging material, preferably for meat, which is composed of a weft inserted, warp knit substrate fabric and a coating of microcrystalline wax on both sides of the substrate fabric.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for foam coating a web are provided that allow for easier cleaning, greater versatility of fabric styles without the introduction of voids in the foam backing, and elimination of voids in the foam backing at seams, or within the web length, due to wrinkling or creasing of the fabric. A doctor blade is provided on top of and slightly in front of a roller, and a foam pillow is formed at the top of the roller, with the fabric providing a bottom barrier for the pillow. The fabric is continuously fed passed a slat expander, which removes wrinkles from it, and then immediately into contact with the periphery of the roller, the roller holding the fabric taut. Needle points can be provided on the fabric peripheral surface to facilitate positive holding of the cloth in place.

Abstract: A process for producing bituminous surfacing, bituminous surfacing produced y the process and hot plant mix for carrying out the process. To improve the resistance to fracture, the proposed bituminous surfacing contains metal fibers, for example steel fibers of finite length. These fibers can be admixed to the mix of solids mix and bituminous binder in the course of the preparation of the hot plant mix or in the course of laying the hot plant mix. Due to the compaction of the hot plant mix to form the bituminous surfacing, the metal fibres are bent and thus loop around the particles of the solids mix and/or form a network with one another to give a kind of random nonwoven fabric.

Abstract: Process for the impregnation of asbestos or other fibrous material, comprising, as a first step, impregnating, with the application of pressure, the material with a polymeric resin binder to substantially saturate the material with binder and, as a second step, applying a polymeric resin compound comprising a polymeric resin and a filler. The process of the invention substantially prevents the escape of minute fibers of asbestos into the atmosphere, and so reduces the health hazard associated with asbestos.

Abstract: Coating a porous substratum with a viscous substance is performed by means of a rotatable cylindrical sieve (plain-mesh screen), comprising an internal squeegee for pressing said substance through the perforations of the screen. The substratum are passed in contact with the screen and is supported at the contact zone by a roller. Although the peripheral speeds of the screen and the substratum is substantially equal, the rotational speed of the support roller is such, that its peripheral speed is either smaller or greater than that of the substratum to an extent of at least 5%. This avoids the occurrence of the phenomenon of pinhole formation in the coated substratum.

Abstract: A fabric to have a latex coating of controlled thickness applied to its upper surface moves toward a drying oven. The lower surface of the moving fabric contacts a supporting bedplate. A latex coating is applied to the upper surface of the moving carpet across the width of the carpet. The moving carpet with the latex coating travels underneath a nip roll. A flexible nip blade is positioned underneath the nip roll so that the edge of the nip blade extends beyond the bottom dead center of the nip roll in the direction of the drying oven. Both the nip roll and the nip blade extend across the width of the moving carpet.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a self-locking patch type fastener which includes carrier means for moving a plurality of threaded metal fasteners along an arcuate path, clamping means associated with the carrier means to clamp the fasteners to the carrier means, movable resin transfer means having a fastener contact surface, and the transfer means being positioned to move the contact surface into contact with the fastener as the fastener is moved in arcuate path past the transfer means. The speed and direction of movement of the contact surface relative to the carrier means during contact between the contact surface and the fastener is such as to provide an even transfer of resin from the contact surface to deposit a plastic patch thereon. Unclamping means are positioned with respect to the carrier means to unclamp the threaded fasteners after deposit of the plastic patch thereon and conveyor means then convey the fasteners away from the carrier means.

Abstract: A method for producing a decorative design on a substrate by applying to the substrate an embossable coating comprising a filler, a binder, a release agent, a moisture control agent, and a liquid; drying the applied coating to remove a major portion of the liquid therefrom, sufficient liquid being retained to make the coating pliable and readily impressible by an embossing means; and subjecting the pliable coating to pressure contact with the embossing means, which is at ambient or an elevated temperature, to impress a decorative design into the coating; and the embossed coated substrate produced by the method.

Abstract: A surface of a substrate 11 (FIG. 2) is uniformly coated with a liquid L by wetting the surface with the liquid and compressibly contacting the wetted surface with an applicator member 10 having an outer layer 14 of a compressible liquid absorbing material with inverse sponge characteristics and an inner layer 13 of compliant material. Preferably the member is a roller 10 having a silicone rubber or polyurethane inner layer and a chamois outer layer. A plurality of the rollers 10 are arranged to be in compressive contact with the surfaces of a plurality of substrates 11 as the substrates are being removed from the liquid L (arrow A), the movement of the substrates 11 causing rotation (arrow F) of the rollers to apply a uniform coating of the liquid on the contacted surfaces.

Abstract: Biaxially oriented polypropylene films are extrusion coated with an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer coating to yield a coated film product exhibiting heat-seals which are peelable and which exhibit good heat-seal strengths.

Abstract: The photovoltaic cells (6) are retained and protected by a transparent elastomer layer (12) extruded when hot prior to vulcanization and applied against the cells with a slight pressure to cause it to go into the spaces between cells, and vulcanized by heating, for example at 110.degree. C. or at 180.degree. C., thanks to the presence of incorporated peroxides.Application in the production of electricity from solar energy.

Abstract: A composite, neutron absorbing, coated article, normally flat and thin and of comparatively light weight, suitable for installation in storage racks for spent nuclear fuel and for other neutron absorbing applications, includes a backing member, preferably of flexible material such as woven fiberglass cloth, a synthetic organic polymeric coating or a plurality of such coatings on the backing member, preferably of cured phenolic resin, such as phenol formaldehyde or trimethylolphenol formaldehyde and boron carbide particles held to the backing member by the cured coating or a plurality of such coatings. Also described is a method for the manufacture of the neutron absorbing coated article and the use of such an article.

Abstract: A process for preparing a retort-proof laminate for packaging foodstuffs which comprises laminating an aluminum substrate to at least one polyolefin film selected from the group consisting of high density-polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymers and polybutene films using as an adhesive a specific polyolefin resin in melted state prepared by combining together (A) at least one member selected from the group consisting of high-density polyethylene, polypropylene ethylene-propylene copolymers and polybutene, (B) maleic anhydride and (C) aluminum hydroxide, and by rendering said specific polyolefin resin substantially free from unreacted maleic anhydride and low molecular weight maleic anhydide homopolymers.The process also includes preparing a retort-proof coated aluminum substrate for packaging foodstuffs which comprises coating an aluminum substrate with a layer formed from the above-described specific polyolefin resin and thereafter forming a suitable retort packaging container therefrom.

Abstract: A decorative relief finish pattern is formed by applying to the surface of a coated article or substrate a pattern-forming device composed of a rigid or semi-rigid porous, air-permeable material and having a design thereon. The pattern-forming device, when applied on the surface of the article or substrate a plurality of times, can form such a decorative relief pattern without any undesirable and noticeable protuberance and joints between the first rundown and the subsequent ones.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing liquid permeable diaphragms for an electrolytic cell having a plurality of foraminous electrodes and a space between each pair of adjacent electrodes. The method comprises covering the foraminous electrodes with a liquid permeable thermoplastic support fabric and contacting the covered electrodes with a slurry of an electroactive material. Roller means are placed in the space between the pair of electrodes, the roller means comprising two rollers spaced apart, each of the rollers contacting only one of the pairs of electrodes, and moving the roller means to force the electroactive material into the liquid permeable thermoplastic support fabric whereby liquid permeable diaphragms are produced.

Abstract: Films having widths of up to one meter or more can be coated at high coating speeds of up to 400 meters per minute or more with coating compositions having viscosities reaching up to 400 centipoises or more by arranging first and second guide rollers, a coating roller and rotating smoothing rod such that the path of travel of the film during the coating procedure is a substantially circular path whose diameter is preferably about one meter. During the coating procedure, the tension of the film by the first and second guide rollers is regulated independently of the speed at which the film travels. The apparatus and process have applicability to a wide range of films and coating compositions.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming continuous lengths of composite material comprised of a core of resilient and open-cell foam material impregnated with an uncured thermosetting resin and which core element is overlaid with at least one outer layer of a reinforcing material.

Abstract: A self-locking threaded fastener of the type having a resilient thermoplastic resin patch bonded to the thread surface and a method and apparatus for making such fasteners are disclosed. The fastener is heated to a temperature in excess of the plastic melting temperature by induction heating coils and powder is thereupon deposited on the surface of the threads over a predetermined area by gravity feed. Rolling pressure is then applied to the plastic material to form the patch, packing the material between the thread flanks and confining the height of the patch to a controlled radial height above the thread crests. The controlled radial height of the patch is within the normal envelope of the basic major diameter of the fastener thread.

Abstract: A graphic laminate for mounting a sheet-like article such as a photograph or the like includes a flat mounting base, a layer of plastic material having a pressure sensitive adhesive coating on both surfaces thereof, one such surface being placed in contact with the front side of the base and the sheet-like article being placed in contact with the other surface of the plastic material to form a laminate with the plastic material lying intermediate the base and the sheet-like article. The description includes a method of making this laminate.

Abstract: Rubber is applied to a cylindrical workpiece by a feed surface arranged to form a nip with the workpiece into which the rubber is caused to be drawn by movement of the feed surface along the workpiece. The resulting compression of the rubber in the nip renders the rubber plastic so that the rubber flows onto the workpiece to form a layer of thickness determined by the spacing of the feed surface from the workpiece on the workpiece surface. The layer of rubber is then smoothed either by roller or smoothing plate and is then vulcanized.

Abstract: Polymeric release agents having functional groups such as carboxy, hydroxy, epoxy, amino, isocyanate, thioether or mercapto groups are applied to a heated fuser member in an electrostatic reproducing apparatus to form thereon a thermally stable, renewable, self-cleaning layer having excellent toner release properties for conventional electroscopic thermoplastic resin toners. The functional polymeric fluids interact with the fuser member in such a manner as to form a thin, thermally stable interfacial barrier at the surface of the fuser member while leaving an outer film or layer of unreacted release fluid. The interfacial barrier is strongly attached to the fuser member surface and prevents electroscopic thermoplastic resin toner material from contacting the outer surface of the fuser member. The material on the surface of the fuser member is of minimal thickness and thereby represents a minimal thermal barrier.

Abstract: A patch or insert, which may be applied to clothing or the like, consists of a substrate, which is preferably a textile fabric, on which is mounted a discontinuous pattern, in raster-like formation, of a heat sealing adhesive. The coating consists of two superposed layers of adhesive, each adhesive having a different adhesive quality.

Abstract: An improved, safe and economical process for impregnating a cellulose fabric with a flame retardant compound comprises: (a) impregnating the fabric with an aqueous solution of a phosphonium salt precondensate and a buffer; (b) adjusting the wet pick-up of the fabric and the concentration of the phosphonium salt precondensate in the pad bath such that the impregnated fabric has a phosphorus content of from about 3% to about 4% and a moisture content of from about 10% to about 20% both based on the weight of the fabric; and (c) without the necessity of drying the impregnated fabric, exposing it to ammonia in an amount and for a period of time sufficient to cure the compound. The impregnated fabric may then be subjected to conventional oxidation and process washing steps to yield the finished fabric.

Abstract: A process of producing a liquid image, wherein an insulating material bearing an electrostatic charge pattern detectable at its surface is developed by wetting with a developing liquid according to such charge pattern and wherein in said process developing liquid is brought substantially uniformly in close proximity to or in contact with said material by the use of at least one developing liquid applicator means followed by at least one other means that is capable of removing from the charge-carrying member some of the developing liquid already deposited by the or a said preceding applicator means.

Abstract: A self-locking threaded fastener of the type having a resilient thermoplastic resin patch bonded to the thread surface and a method and apparatus for making such fasteners are disclosed. The fastener is heated to a temperature in excess of the plastic melting temperature by induction heating coils and powder is thereupon deposited on the surface of the threads over a predetermined area by gravity feed. Rolling pressure is then applied to the plastic material to form the patch, packing the material between the thread flanks and confining the height of the patch to a controlled radial height above the thread crests. The controlled radial height of the patch is within the normal envelope of the basic major diameter of the fastener thread.

Abstract: In a process for forming an extremely hard-wearing rubber or bearing surface on a metal machine part, particles of hard grit, such as carbide grit, are deliberately formed into the surface using a resiliently-loaded tool, so that the surface becomes permanently impregnated with the hard particles. During the operation the particles can conveniently be contained in a slurry that flows over the surface. After impregnation, a lapping operation is performed on the impregnated surface using a fine carbide grit.

Abstract: A fabric to have a coating of controlled thickness applied to its upper surface moves between a supporting roll and a supporting plate. The lower surface of the fabric contacts the supporting roll and supporting plate but is unsupported therebetween. Between the supporting roll and plate, the moving fabric is depressed by a blade extending across its width. Near to the blade and between this blade and the supporting plate, a coating is applied to the upper surface of the fabric. A gauging device adjacent to where the coating is applied controls the thickness of the coating. The distance between the blade which depresses the fabric and the supporting plate should be several orders of magnitude greater than the distance between this blade and the gauging device. Any variations in fabric thickness as the fabric passes over the supporting plate would cause corresponding variations in the coating thickness if the coating were being applied over this plate.

Abstract: A decorative relief finished surface is formed by applying to the surface of an object or substrate to be patterned an undercoat of coating material to a predetermined thickness, and forming an uneven pattern having a variety of projections on coated surface a plurality of times with a rolling device having a plurality of convex parts of curved continued, disconnected or perforated line shape which are formed in a random manner, with the intervals between the convex parts being substantially equal to each other, or by spraying coating material with a spray gun so as to form a multiplicity of projections of varying height. Then, the top portions of the projections of the partially hardened surface which extend beyond a predetermined height are pressed with a pressing roll, such that the projections are uniformly flattened to a predetermined thickness while the rest of the convex parts are left unflattened. The pressing roll is made of a hard or semi-hard, air-permeable, porous material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for forming hollow and cylindrical ingots of amorphous or fused silica and other ingot materials. The ingot is formed from a melt on a deposition surface which is lowered as the ingot is formed at a rate which maintains a constant distance between the deposition surface and a heat source vertically positioned above same. The melt is shaped into a vertical cylinder by at least one forming tool which is a roller member rotatable about a vertical axis. In a preferred embodiment the fixed distance from the heat source is maintained with the aid of the laser beam.