Abstract: A process for producing continuous polyurethane suede-type synthetic leather including steps of applying dipping treatment to a fabric with a thickness of 0.2-2.0 mm, pressing the fabric with pressing rollers at a pressure of 0-50 kg, ironing the fabric with ironing wheels at a temperature of 50-150 C./wheel, covering the fabric with a layer of wet coating so that the fabric together with the coating has a thickness of 1.0-2.0 mm, cooling the fabric by a 0-50% DMF solution at a water temperature of 5-40 C., cleansing the fabric at a temperature of 30-100 C., pressing the fabric at a pressure of 0-5 kg, preheating the fabric with one to fifteen preheating wheels at a temperature of 50-200 C., drying the fabric at a temperature of 50-200 C. to obtain a semi-product, and slicing the semi-product into a first sheet of upper polyurethane suede-like synthetic leather and a second sheet of lower polyurethane suede-like synthetic leather with fabric.

Abstract: New and improved structures in tools subject to wear and attrition when engaging or engaged by work or material being worked on thereby. Synthetic diamond material is formed in situ on a select portion or portions of the surface of a hard substrate or tool support to define or cover the portion of the tool substrate adjacent the work operated on by the tool in a manner to provide a hard wear resistant work engaging surface or surfaces which offers substantially greater resistance to abrasion and frictional deterioration than the material of the substrate or tool base. In one form, the synthetic diamond material is formed on and welded to the surface of the substrate in a single operation involving the application of intense radiant energy beamed against particles of carbon which are converted to a solid synthetic diamond structure of defined shape directly against the solid substrate.

Abstract: A composite cover material to be used for making an integrally foamed article comprises a permeable fabric (10) and a thin layer of latex foam (15) strongly bonded via bonding zone (17) to said fabric. The latex foam layer (15) is made by applying high molecular latex material such as rubbers or synthetic resins as coating to back surface (12) of said fabric, and permitting said latex material to foam and cure. The latex foam has relatively fine mechanical open cells (18) in its internal part and further finer open cells (20) near its outer surface skin (22) which is permeable by virtue of minute holes (21) formed therein. The skin (22), though permeable by minutes holes, can serve as substantially flat and smooth barrier surface against liquid foamable mixtures poured directly onto said skin for making body foam (25) so as to guide slidingly said mixtures therealong and also prevent substantial impregnation into said latex foam.

Abstract: Damage resistant high pressure decorative laminate having excellent scratch, mar, scrape and abrasion resistance, as well as excellent appearance and cleanability and methods of producing same.The method of producing the decorative laminate includes applying a mixture of a liquid thermosetting resin and an abrasion resistant composition, followed by a second coat of the resin without the abrasion resistant composition, or with one having smaller abrasion resistant particles than in the first coat.

Abstract: A method for making a composite fluorinated ion exchange membrane is provided comprising applying a continuous fluorinated ion exchange polymer film to a porous reinforcing substrate, preferably made from a polyolefin such as linear high density polyethylene. The composite membrane is made by applying a solvent to the surface of the film and/or the substrate and then affixing the reinforcing substrate. These reinforced membranes may advantageously be used as separators in fuel cells, and as selective barriers in permeation separation and facilitated transport operations.

Abstract: An enhanced acrylic for use in transparencies that provides an effective barrier to airborne environmental chemical agents that are known to craze standard stretched acrylics.

Abstract: A yarn, cloth, woven fabric, knitted fabric or nonwoven fabric composed of natural cellulose fibers, each fiber having incorporated therein a water-insoluble inorganic metal compound, and each fiber having at least one cured polycarboxylic acid combined therewith, said polycarboxylic acid being one selected from the group consisting of polycarboxylic acids and partial salts thereof, and a process for preparing the same.

Abstract: There is now provided a method of manufacturing a coated ceramic body with improved performance when used as a tool insert for metal cutting purposes. By subjecting the body after the coating to a hot isostatic pressing operation at a pressure of 10-300 MPa and a temperature of >1200.degree. C., an improved adherence of the coating has been achieved. The method is particularly applicable to whisker-reinforced ceramic composites.

Abstract: A method of impregnating a winding assembly of an electrical equipment with varnish, the winding assembly including a core and one or more windings wound on the core, the method comprising steps of enclosing the winding assembly in a bag, pouring a predetermined amount of varnish into the bag enclosing the winding assembly, reducing an atmospheric pressure in the bag and thereafter, maintaining the bag in the air-tightly closed state so that the winding of the winding assembly is impregnated with the varnish poured into the bag, and drying the winding assembly after completion of the step of impregnating the winding with the varnish.

Abstract: Borazine oligomers in liquid form are produced and used to create composites of fibers bonded to boron nitride as a matrix and also to coat or increase the density of various fiber composites.

Abstract: A fiber glass reinforced plastic can be in-mold coated utilizing a free radical peroxide initiated thermosetting composition of at least one polymerizable epoxy based oligomer having at least two acrylate groups, at least one copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer, at least one copolymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated compound having a --CO-- group and a --NH.sub.2, --NH-- and/or --OH group, and other conventional components such as at least one zinc salt of a fatty acid, at least one accelerator, at least one filler, and the like. The thermosetting compositions of the present invention utilize a very low or nil amount of an adhesion agent such as a polyvinyl acetate and unexpectedly achieves better flow and good coverage at reduced coating weights.

Abstract: This invention relates to the marking of substrates based on glass fibers. The process consists in coating at least in part at least one of the faces of said substrate with a film of heat-fusible material and in making matt imprints on the surface of said film at least by localized hot creeping of said heat fusible material. The invention is more particularly applicable to webs of textile cloth used as light-diffusing and/or attenuating screens.

Abstract: A non-compressed heat insulation barrier fabric composite comprising a layer coating of polysiloxane and silicate applied to a textured woven fabric under heat and pressure in a multi-step process to produce a decompressed composite. The fabric composite is produced by coating the woven fabric with the polysiloxane silicate coating and partially curing under heat and pressure to produce a partially cured. composite, whereupon the curing process is interrupted and the partially cured composite is decompressed to loosen the fibers, followed by complete curing of the composite under heat without significant pressure to produce a non-compressed heat insulation barrier fabric composite.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the forming of a solder deposit on an SMD pad on a printed circuit or hybrid board. This formed solder deposit is in a defined three-dimensional well having the proper profile and a defined solder gap. The solder before forming can be solid solder or a solder paste. By the placement of a mesh on the surface of the circuit board with the solder in place on the pads, applying a slight positive pressure on a rigid or elastic surface on the other side of the mesh, and subjecting this system to a temperature just low enough to reflow the solder by means of a heat transfer fluid, then cooling the board to solidify the solder, a product results having the above properties. The duration of the application of heat and pressure is made so brief, that the laminate structure of the board and the coating thereon remain substantially unaffected. A circuit board with the solder so formed thereon.

Abstract: A hot melt agent is printed between terminals of a heat seal film substrate 1 having a circuit printed of conductive material on a base film such as polyester. An anisotropic film mixing nickel particles is printed on the terminals. Afterwards, a hot melt agent is printed on the upper surface, and thermo-compression bonded to the printed wiring board on the opposite side. Hence, deviation of terminals is prevented at the time of connection of heat seal film substrate connected by thermo-compression bonding, while elongation of base film is prevented, so that terminals may be connected accurately, so as to be applicable to fine pitches.

Abstract: The process is particularly well suited to the manufacture of composite materials, where a fibrous reinforcement texture is to be impregnated by a densifying matrix, and comprises the steps of:preparing a slurry containing a solid charge in the form of finely divided particles dispersed in a carrier liquid, which preferably contains an organic compound,placing a substrate inside an enclosure,creating a vacuum inside the enclosure, andcausing the slurry to pass through the substrate by means of a pressure difference.Uniformity of charge integration is ensured by forcing the slurry to pass through the substrate several times, in successively opposite directions. The concentration of solid charge in the slurry can be determined as a function of an intended charge percentage by volume in said substrate.

Abstract: A fabric suitable for an automobile cover includes a metalized fabric having a finish coating including an emulsion of urethane polymers, acrylic polymers and a fluorocarbon. The finish coating may also include an antimicrobial agent, a surfactant and a catalyst. Such a fabric can be manufactured by vacuum metalizing a fabric with aluminum, applying a finishing solution of urethane, acrylic, fluorocarbon emulsion, drying the fabric at a temperature between 320.degree. F. and 400.degree. F., and calendering the fabric.

Abstract: In this process, a polyurethane foam web with a thickness of 5 mm to 30 mm is passed continuously through a dipping bath and is thereby impregnated with 10% to 1000% by weight of a polymer dispersion consisting of the components A) and B) defined below:A) 30% to 65% by weight, preferably 40% to 60% by weight and particularly preferably 45% to 50% by weight of a cationic styrene/butadiene copolymer latex containing about 50% of dry substance, or of an anionic butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymer latex, andB) 10% to 50% by weight, preferably 15% to 40% by weight and particularly preferably 25% to 35% by weight of an inorganic and/or organic pulverulent filler,and the foam web treated in this way is compressed to remove excess liquid and then dried in a drying oven at temperatures of 80.degree. C. to 120.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the production of fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites s disclosed. The process consists of making a slurry of the ceramic matrix composite material in an ultraviolet curing resin, and coating the fiber with the slurry in a continuous process whereby a continuous coating of ceramic matrix material is applied to the fiber. The coated fiber is then employed to reinforce ceramic matrix composites. The continuous coating of ceramic matrix material on the surface of the fibers provide improved properties in the composite.

Abstract: A process for providing a relatively smooth, tough, elastomeric coating over one surface of a fibrous batt employs a heated ironing surface which engages an uncured coating of a composition of cross-linkable elastomeric aqueous emulsion applied as a foam or froth to an exposed surface of a fibrous batt. The heated belt causes dewatering and cure of a film of the coating which is in contact with the ironing surface. The fibrous batt thereafter is heated in a curing oven to drive off substantially all of the moisture and substantially cure all of the elastomeric coating composition. The resulting coated fibrous batt has a smoother and tougher surface than similar batts formed from similar compositions without the interposed ironing treatment. A preferred ironing element comprises a continuous stainless steel belt.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for manufacturing a sheet-prepreg reinforced with fibers wherein a sheet of fibers such as warp or woven fibers such as fabrics is conveyed between a pair of band belts one of which is coated with a film of thermoplastic resin which has been heated higher than its softening point to enhance resin-impregnating efficiency and prevent the impregnated resin from contacting air. Further, when the sheet of fibers or woven fibers is conveyed in this manner, the molten resin is not maintained on the manufacturing line, thereby preventing it from being deteriorated by heat. The apparatus can be thus kept under operation for a long time and the sheet-prepreg reinforced with the fibers can be made much higher in quality and the deterioration of the impregnated resin can be further delayed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for processing printed substrates having a phase change ink layer of non-uniform thickness are disclosed. Application of a combination of heat and pressure reorients the printed ink layer to provide a layer having a substantially uniform thickness and flat surface conformation, at least in the area of each discrete color. A release surface (55) is positioned adjacent the printed ink layer during processing. A resilient contact surface (56) is also provided to facilitate reorientation of the printed ink layer. Mechanical buffing of the processed, printed substrate improves image quality. Application of a light transmissive, protective coating that overlays the printed ink layer also improves image quality.

Abstract: A novel process for making fluoropolymer-fiber composites is disclosed, which produces composites with improved physical properties. The composites are useful in parts that require chemical and/or thermal stability, as in chemical process equipment.

Abstract: A superconductor oxide composite is prepared using a press coating technique. The coated layers on various substrates exhibit good adhesion, textured microstructure, and improved J.sub.c.

Abstract: A luminescent storage screen, in which a latent x-ray image is stored, is read-out using stimulating radiation at a first wavelength, which causes light at a second wavelength to be emitted by the screen. The stimulable phosphor is transparent in the range of the two wavelengths. The stimulable phosphor is a doped alkali halide, such as a thallium-doped rubidium-bromide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lead frame material for a semiconductor, which comprises a copper or copper alloy matrix having a layer obtained by applying an Ag-plating of a thickness of from 0.005 to 0.5 .mu.m on the surface of the matrix and diffusing Ag into the matrix by heat treatment.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for forming a ceramic coating on a substrate. A metal layer is placed onto the substrate by means such as sputtering. After a carbon-containing foil is applied to the metal-coated substrate, it is subjected to rapid omnidirectional compaction. The resulting product is a densified coated ceramic composition which exhibits improved mechanical properties.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a composite material formed of a fibrous reinforcement and a silica based ceramic or vitro-ceramic matrix. The method includes impregnating the fibrous reinforcement by means of a sol-gel process wherein premature crystallization of the matrix obtained from the sol is hindered by addition to the sol of a crystallization retarding agent, and hot pressing the resulting material. The composite material formed has a residual porosity without the addition of nucleating agents of about less than 10%.

Abstract: Silicone rubber is adhered to a metal surface by coating the metal surface with an organopolysiloxane adhesion improving agent of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a monovalent organic radical of from 2 to 8 carbon atoms which contains an unsaturated bond, R.sup.2 is a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon radical of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms which contains no unsaturated bond, a is a number in the range of 1<a<4, and b is a number in the range of 0.ltoreq.b<2, with the proviso that a+b is<4, and having a polymerization degree of from 2 to 1000, placing an unvulcanized silicone rubber on the coated surface, and vulcanizing the unvulcanized rubber.

Abstract: The invention relates to the impregnation of clothing, specifically Battle ress Uniforms (BDUs) used by the U.S. Military, with amylopectin fabric wrinkle inhibitor and permethrin insect/arthropod repellent in combination. In one disclosed embodiment of the invention, BDUs are loaded into a field laundry, are rinsed with clear water at 120 degrees Fahrenheit, and amylopectin is applied at a particular concentration. The BDUs preferably are then steam pressed. Permethrin at a predetermined concentration is then applied preferably by the "Individual Dynamic Absorption Application" (IDAA) procedure. The retention of permethrin by clothing treated with amylopectin unexpectedly reveals a substantially higher retention level than clothing without treatment by amylopectin after multiple laundry cycles, providing thereby a dramatic improvement in the insect/arthropod repelling action of the clothing over time.

Abstract: An agent for impregnating solid wood by the pressure process, based on a water-dilutable formulation of a copper salt, excess alkanolamine and, if required, a salt with a fungicidal anion, has a pH of not less than 8 in the concentration usually employed and corresponding to about 1-5% by weight of non-aqueous components in the aqueous solution.

Abstract: The invention generally is accomplished by a casting of a liquid metallo-organic ceramic precursor solution to form a layer on a substrate. This layer is then heated to a low temperature to create an amorphous layer. Then a selected area is heated to a high temperature by localized heating to create a patterned area of polycrystalline ceramic having electro-optic properties.

Abstract: A conductive metal layer is formed on a substrate having a softening point above about 200.degree. C. by depositing copper and nickel particles having a substantially continuous oxide coating thereon on the substrate, and heating and pressing the metal particles at a temperature of at least 200.degree. C. Unlike similar methods wherein oxide coated metal particles are used, no developing agent is required to render the metal layer conductive. The coated substrates are useful for a variety of uses such as EMI shielding and printed circuit boards.

Abstract: A ceramic-based coating is provided on a sealing surface of a sealing assembly component by processing and applying a powder mixture of ceramic particles and metal binder, encasing the coating of powder on the sealing surface by applying a metallic cover thereover, evacuating the atmosphere between the cover and coating, hot isostatic pressing the component and coating, cooling the component and coating, and after cooling thereof removing the cover from the coating.

Abstract: Cast-coated papers having high surface gloss, smoothness and high surface strength are produced by applying an aqueous pigment coating onto the surface of a base paper, drying the applied pigment coating to form a cast-coated layer, rewetting the pigment coating layer with a rewetting solution, pressing the rewetted pigment coating layer into contact with a heated, highly polished drum to impart a high gloss surface, the rewetting solution containing a dispersant and/or a release agent as its main components and having its pH adjusted to be between 2 and 4 by incorporation of at least one carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of formic acid, acetic acid, tartatic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, malic acid and benzoic acid.

Abstract: A polyimide-forming composition comprising(A) a polycarboxylic acid partial ester of formulaHOOC--R.sup.1 --COOR.sup.2 Iwhere R.sup.1 denotes a divalent ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and R.sup.2 denotes the residue, after removal of a hydroxyl group, of an alcohol having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms which has a cycloaliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic ring and is polymerizable on heating in the presence of an acid,(B) a partial ester of formula I above in which R.sup.1 denotes a group of formula II ##STR1## where Ar.sup.1 denotes a tetravalent aromatic group of 6 to 20 carbon atoms linked through aromatic carbon atoms thereof to the indicated carbon atoms, and R.sup.2 is as defined above,(C) an aromatic primary polyamine and(D) a heat-activable substance which releases an acid at a temperature of 100.degree. C. or above.

Abstract: Process for increasing the density of an article. A coating containing boron nitride and carbon is applied to the article to form a coated article. The coated article is encapsulated. The encapsulated article is subjected to hot isostatic pressing. The coating reduces interaction between the article and the encapsulant during the hot isostatic pressing. The carbon is present in the coating in an amount up to about 30% by weight of the total boron nitride and carbon in said coating.

Abstract: A conductive metal layer is formed on a substrate by depositing copper or nickel particles on the substrate, contacting the metal particles with a specified developing agent, and heating the metal particles and the developing agent. The coated substrates have conductive surfaces and are useful for a variety of uses such as EMI shielding and printed circuit boards.

Abstract: The process provides for the structural reinforcement of manufactured articles made of stone or, in general, agglomerates by means of a sequence of steps which comprise the following: (a) the article to be treated is heated; (b) spraying on one surface of the article a particular adhesive called primer; (c) spraying on the same surface a resin preferably containing glass fibers or fibers of another material; (d) spraying on the same surface grit of stone having a constant and defined granulometry; (e) applying an action of vibration or compression on the article in order to facilitate the cohesion of the grit with the resin; (f) letting the resin undergo a catalytic reaction which eventually may require application of heat; (g) levelling the surface by mechanical operations. The same process may be repeated on the other surface of the article if one desires to cut the article along its thickness for the purpose of obtaining a very thin product.

Abstract: An annular chromium carbide coating on an annular sealing surface of a stainless steel sealing assembly component for use in a nuclear reactor coolant pump, is treated by encasing at least the chromium carbide coating on the stainless steel sealing surface by applying a metallic cover thereover, evacuating the atmosphere between the cover and the coating on the sealing surface, hot isostatic pressing the stainless steel sealing assembly component and the chromium carbide coating thereon encased by the cover, cooling the sealing assembly component and the coating thereon encased by the cover, and after cooling thereof removing the cover from the coating. The result is a chromium carbide coating on the sealing component substrate densified substantially to its full theoretical density (greater than 99%) and metallurgically bonded by the hot isostatic pressing to the substrate exterior surface.

Abstract: A lightweight composite material is disclosed which comprises three-dimensionally arranged fibers of at least 50 mm length provided in a thermoplast matrix. The thermoplast matrix is thermally treated to form cavities within the matrix.

Abstract: A coherent fire-resisting flexible sheet material for aerospace applications is provided consisting of a layer of ceramic fibers embedded in a silicone rubber compound. The ceramic fibers may be in the form of a plain woven fabric of monofilament fibers of alumino-boro-silicate and the silicone rubber compound can be a curable non-foaming methylphenyl silicone compound. In production, the silicone compound is applied to the fabric as a thixotropic paste in sufficient quantity to entirely cover and impregnate the fabric and is forced through the interstices of the fabric by the application of pressure. The coated and impregnated fabric is then placed in an oven to cure the silicone compound.

Abstract: A method of heat-fixing a visible image of toner to a recording medium comprises applying a toner image onto the recording medium, whereinthe toner to form said toner image or the resin component of the toner has the properties such that the melt viscosity .eta.' measured by an overhead-type flow tester is from 10.sup.3 to 10.sup.6 poise at a temperature within the temperature range of from 120.degree. C. to 150.degree. C., and the absolute value of the inclination of a graph is not more than 0.50 ln (poise)/.degree.C. when the natural logarithms ln.eta. of the melt viscosities at 120.degree. C. and 150.degree. C. are plotted with respect to the temperatures; and heat-fixing the toner image retained on the recording medium to the recording medium by use of a heater element as stationarily supported and a pressure member that brings said recording medium into close contact with said heater element through a film interposed between them.

Abstract: A method for preventing loosening of a bolt fastened to a metallic member coated with an anticorrosive paint film without removing the paint film. Anticorrosive painting is applied on a metallic member, and then the painted film is thinned by applying an urging pressure onto a bolt seat surface portion of the painted metallic member by means of a press rod. The bolt seat surface portion of the metallic member also may be flattened by applying an urging pressure on the bolt seat surface portion by means of a press rod or by machining the bolt seat surface portion before the anticorrosive painting is applied on the metallic member, and then the painted film is thinned by applying an urging pressure onto the above-mentioned bolt seat surface portion by means of a press rod.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method of forming carbon-carbon composites wherein prereaction of the filler ingredients takes place prior to the prepregging operation, thereby ensuring that the sealant phase is both homogeneous and unsegregated on a microscopic scale. Composites prepared from several constituent inhibitor powders often have one inhibitor component segregated within the carbon fabric and fiber bundles during compaction, debulking and press curing. Composites prepared from prereacted powders have inhibitor constituents mixed on an atomic scale. Thus, the oxide sealant which forms from the prereacted particulate filler has an optimized composition with all of the desirable qualities, such as level viscosity, good wetting, low water solubility, low reactivity with the carbon fibers and carbon matrix during graphitization and low reactivity with the chemically vapor deposited coating.

Abstract: A process for producing a moldable non-woven fabric is disclosed, which comprises coating or impregnating a mat made of non-woven fabrics with an aqueous emulsion of a thermoplastic resin having a moldable temperature range of from 80.degree. to 180.degree. C. in such an amount that the resin solids content of the emulsion is 15 to 300 wt % based on the weight of the mat, removing the moisture from the mat by heating, and pressing the mat to adjust the apparent density of the mat to 0.15 to 0.5 g/cm.sup.3. This fabric is useful as an interior material for use in an automobile, for example.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for forming poly(amide-imide) prepregs that permits forming void-free composites having residual solvent contents of less than 0.2% by weight. Such composite have improved glass transition temperatures near those of the pure polymer. In a preferred method, a poly(amide-imide) prepreg containing a residual N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent is rapidly heated to about 650.degree. F. to evaporate residual solvent to less than 1.0% by weight. The prepreg is rapidly cooled before the thermoplastic poly(amide-imide) polymer begins to significantly advance in molecular weight. The prepreg may then be layed up to form composite articles that are consolidatable by application of further heat and pressure.

Abstract: A porous substrate is formed from an agglomeration of fibers preferably has a carbonaceous composition and a binder is applied to the substrate. The binder may illustratively be an acrylic or beeswax to vaporize during pyrolysis or may illustratively be a phenolic resin, a furfural resin or pitch to retain pyrolyzed carbon on the fibers after pyrolysis. A mixture of particles having the same approximate size as the diameter of the fibers is then applied to the fibers to become mechanically locked in the substrate pores.

Abstract: A shaped body of a refractory or other functional inorganic compound of a metal, e.g., borides, carbides, silicides, etc. of titanium, zirconium, niobium and the like in a plate-like form can be prepared by an in situ reactive sintering method in which a metal-made flat reaction capsule is filled with a mixture of the reactant powders to form a powder compact which is ignited at a periphery while the capsule is under hydraulic compression so that the exothermic reaction is efficiently and almost instantaneously propagated within the plane of the plate-like powder compact. The liquid compression medium communicates to an accumulator filled with a compressed gas so that the otherwise unavoidable sudden pressure decrease due to the shrinkage of the powder compact can be compensated by the expansion of the compressed gas to keep constancy of the pressure.

Abstract: A method for producing a light-transmissive phase change ink printed substrate is described which comprises providing a substrate, and then printing on at least one surface of the substrate a predetermined pattern of a light-transmissive phase change ink which initially transmits light in a non-rectilinear path. The pattern of solidified phase change ink is then reoriented to form an ink layer of substantially uniform thickness. This ink layer will, in turn, produce an image which then will transmit light in a substantially rectilinear path.In one aspect of the invention, the substrate is light transmissive, and the reoriented printed substrate exhibits a high degree of lightness and chroma, and transmits light in a substantially rectilinear path. In this way, the reoriented printed substrate can be used in a projection device to project an image containing clear, saturated colors.