Abstract: A method for hot-dip coating a steel strip comprises: (a) continuously annealing the steel strip in an annealing furnace; (b) introducing the annealed steel strip into a molten metal coating bath through a snout; (c) dipping the annealed steel strip into the molten metal coating bath; (d) controlling a pressure inside of the snout; and (e) discharging a gas containing a metal vapor from the snout to outside of the snout. An apparatus comprises an annealing furnace, a coating pot, a control device for controlling a pressure inside the snout and a gas discharging device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing metal slabs in which especially a metal strip of steel is conducted through a bottom entry device of a vessel which is filled with molten metal, particularly steel, and, after the molten metal has crystallized onto the metal slab, the coated metal slab, particularly the coated metal strip, is pulled off above the vessel, wherein the crystallization carrier is conducted though the bottom entry device of the vessel which provides a clear opening width between the core strip and the entry device. Controlled cooling is carried out in the bottom area of the vessel containing the molten metal. The temperature of the molten metal at the nozzle exit of the bottom entry device is adjusted to be greater than the liquidus temperature of the molten metal. A meniscus in the pure melt phase is formed at the nozzle exit at the bottom entry device. A distance exists between the meniscus of the molten metal at the nozzle exit and the begin of the solidification.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of a cerametallic composite part containing a phase rich in Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 which is permeated by a metallic phase consisting predominantly of aluminides, in which process a preform that may have been sintered and comprises at least one oxidic compound reducible by aluminium and maybe also non-oxidic compounds or elements is reacted with molten aluminium or aluminium alloy until aluminide and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 have formed at least in the surface layer. Composite parts fabricated in this way can serve as wear-resistant or/and high-temperature-resistant components in the construction of machinery, apparatus, engines and turbines, for applications under corrosive or/and oxidizing conditions, as functional elements, especially high-performance brake elements and as electrical or magnetic functional elements.

Abstract: A hot dip coating system comprises a bath of molten coating metal contained in a vessel having a strip passage opening located below the top surface of the bath. A metal strip is directed along a path extending through the strip passage opening and through the bath of molten coating metal, to coat the strip. A plug composed of solidified coating metal surrounds the strip downstream of the strip passage opening and is substantially stationary relative to the moving strip. The plug prevents escape of molten coating metal from the bath through the strip passage opening while permitting the strip to move along its path. Expedients are provided to chill the coating metal downstream of the strip passage opening to form and maintain the plug and to heat that part of the molten metal coating bath which is immediately downstream of the plug.

Abstract: A zinc and zinc-alloy hot-dip-coated steel sheet and an alloyed zinc and zinc-alloy hot-dip-coated steel sheet, and a method for manufacturing these steel sheets, which steel sheets are used for automobiles. A zinc and zinc-alloy hot-dip-coated steel sheet which has oxides of readily oxidizable elements just under a coated layer and which shows a decreased number of bare spots and excellent coating adhesion. According to the method, the temperature for coiling during hot rolling is set to not less than 600.degree. C. and the cooling is conducted at a slow-cooling rate so that the-oxides remain after the following steps.

Abstract: In order to provide a hot-dip aluminized steel sheet with increased peeling resistance of the coating layer, the thickness of the Fe--Al--Si alloy-layer is set to be 1-5 .mu.m, while the maximum differential unevenness of thickness of the Fe--Al--Si alloy layer is set to be 0.5-5 .mu.m. The hot-dip aluminized steel sheet is manufactured by controlling an elapsed time from the beginning of immersion of the basemetal steel sheet into the aluminizing bath to the completion of solidification of the coating-metal layer which has passed through the bath. In addition another elapsed time is controlled from the time after the base-metal steel sheet has been guided out over the bath to the completion of solidification of the coating-metal layer.

Abstract: An inversion casting vessel includes a melt-filled container with a hole in the floor through which a metal strip is drawn. As the strip is drawn through the container, crystallization of the melt on the metal strip occurs, thereby forming a metal strand. The hole in the floor is a slit shaped channel through which the strip is run in a low-contact manner. The container also includes a cooling device for cooling the melt in the area of the slit shaped channel. The cooling device maintains the temperature of the melt around the channel to create a two-phase field of the melt, one of the phases being crystal, making up 50%-90% of the two phase field. The metal strip first contacts the melt at the two-phase field of the melt as the strip is run through the melt container.

Abstract: A hot dip coating apparatus and method, enables stable and continuous production of a coated steel strip having a high degree of uniformity of the coating quality over the breadth of the steel strip and clean coated surfaces free of deposition of dross. The hot dip coating apparatus has a bottom slit through which a steel strip to be coated is introduced and pulled upward through the coating tank, and an electromagnetic sealing device which applies a magnetic field to the molten metal in the coating tank so as to hold the molten metal inside the tank. The coating tank is provided at its top with an overflow dam for allowing the molten metal to overflow out of the coating tank. The apparatus also has a molten metal supply system which produces a circulating flow of the molten metal through the coating tank. The molten metal supply system has molten metal buffers which communicate with a molten metal supply passage and from which the molten metal is discharged towards the steel strip.

Abstract: Molten aluminum and a ceramic substrate are held in direct contact with each other and thereafter cooled to have the aluminum joined directly to the ceramic substrate. This method is capable of consistent and easy production of aluminum-ceramics composite substrates having satisfactory joint strength, thermal conductivity and heat resistance characteristics. A ceramic member is fed successively into and through molten metal to directly bond the metal on the ceramic to produce a metal-bonded-ceramic (MBC) material at a low cost. An electronic circuit substrate made of an aluminum ceramic composite material wherein an electronic circuit is formed on an aluminum surface of the aluminum-ceramic composite material. The aluminum-ceramic composite material is made by directly solidifying molten aluminum or an aluminum alloy on at least a portion of a ceramic substrate.

Abstract: A near-net, complex shaped ceramic fiber reinforced silicon carbide based composite bodies with graded compositions and stress zones is disclosed. To provide the composite a fiber preform is first fabricated and an interphase is applied by chemical vapor infiltration, sol-gel or polymer processes. This first body is further infiltrated with a polymer mixture containing carbon, and/or silicon carbide, and additional oxide, carbide, or nitride phases forming a second body. One side of the second body is spray coated or infiltrated with slurries containing high thermal expansion and oxidation resistant, crack sealant phases and the other side of this second body is coated with low expansion phase materials to form a third body. This third body consisting of porous carbonaceous matrix surrounding the previously applied interphase materials, is then infiltrated with molten silicon or molten silicon-refractory metal alloys to form a fourth body.

Abstract: A carbonaceous material coated with a molybdenum carbide coating, the molybdenum carbide coating protecting the carbonaceous material against attack by molten metal while simultaneously providing a wetting action for the molten metal to infiltrate the carbonaceous material. The carbonaceous material is any suitable carbonaceous material such as diamond; graphite fibers, both continuous and discontinuous; carbon and graphite particulate; lampblack; and carbon-rich surfaces. The molybdenum carbide coating is produced by reacting a gaseous molybdenum compound with the surface of the carbonaceous material under a reducing atmosphere. The molybdenum carbide coated carbonaceous material is formed into a metal/carbonaceous material composite by being heated with the metal under an inert atmosphere until the molten metal infiltrates the molybdenum carbide coated carbonaceous material.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuous hot-dip coating of metal strip is provided. The apparatus includes a first coating pot to hold a molten bath of a first coating metal and a first metal heating means to heat the bath of molten metal in the first pot. The apparatus also includes a second coating pot to hold a molten bath of a second coating metal, which second pot is shallow in relation to the first pot and is positionable within an upper part of the first but removable therefrom, and a second metal heating means operable to heat the molten bath of metal in the second pot.

Abstract: An apparatus for holding molten metal in a container having an opening at the bottom thereof comprising an electromagnet for generating a horizontal magnetic field in a lower part of the molten metal in the container and a conductive block for guiding part of eddy currents induced in the molten metal by the generation of the horizontal magnetic field, to flow outside the molten metal.

Abstract: A process for forming a zinc phosphate coating on an aluminum substrate is provided to obtain good coverage by the coating. The coating preferably has a columnar or nodular crystal morphology and a coating weight of at least about 150 mg/ft.sup.2. The aluminum substrate is contacted with a zinc phosphate conversion coating bath which contains: (a) from about 0.4 to 2.5 g/l zinc ion; (b) from about 5 to 26 g/l phosphate ion; (c) from about 0.4 to 1.5 g/l fluoride ion; (d) from about 4 to 400 mg/l ferrous ion; and (e) from about 0.01 to 2 g/l ammonium ion. The zinc phosphate conversion coating is formable on an aluminum substrate in the presence or absence of an accelerator. Also provided is an aqueous zinc phosphate conversion coating concentrate which contains: (a) from about 10 to 60 g/l zinc ion; (b) from about 160 to 400 g/l phosphate ion; (c) from about 2 to 40 g/l fluoride ion; (d) from about 0.2 to 2.0 g/l ferrous ion; and (e) from about 1.0 to 25 g/l ammonium ion.

Abstract: A mother strip with a metallically pure surface is passed through a melt bath of a metal and whereby the coating is smoothed by rolling immediately after leaving the melt bath. The mother strip, having been preheated, to a temperature clearly above ambient temperature, especially above 200.degree. C., is introduced into the metal bath. The preheating is carried out by indirect heat exchange with the melt bath in an oxygen-free environment. The melt freshly supplied to the melt bath has an increased temperature in accordance with the heat lost due to preheating.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process for hot-dip coating a steel material with a molten aluminum alloy according to a one-stage coating method using a flux which comprises removing an oxide layer on a steel material surface, conducting activating treatment, then coating a chloride flux solution and dipping the steel material in a molten aluminum alloy coating bath floated a fluoride-containing flux, thereby coating the steel material surface with aluminum alloy, or comprises removing an oxide layer on a steel material surface, adjusting surface roughness, conducting activating treatment and dipping the steel material in a molten Al--Zn--Si alloy or Al--Si alloy coating bath floated a flux added an iron component, thereby coating the steel material surface with Al--Zn--Si alloy or Al--Si alloy to adhere a large amount thereof and a aluminum alloy coating bath.

Abstract: An inversion casting device with a crystallizer which has a slit-shaped passage for guiding a substrate strip, this passage being arranged in the base and provided with a seal, and which communicates with a melt feed. A collecting tank is provided which passes horizontally about the crystallizer vessel so that the collecting tank communicates with nozzles (23) arranged in the region of the passage. The nozzle orifices are so arranged that the melt flowing out strikes the substrate strip at a flat angle of inclination .alpha. in the strip take-off direction.

Abstract: A dip soldering process includes a reservoir of molten solder and a solder ladle for immersion therein to refresh the supply of ladled solder. The ladled solder is displaced by a displacement plunger to thereby overflow the ladle and carry with it surface contamination. Continued immersion of the plunger during the soldering operation of the workpiece accomplishes continual flow across the soldered workpiece thereby removing any contaminants which rise to the surface or are introduced by the workpiece.

Abstract: Improved luminous efficiency in plasma displays has been achieved by coating phosphor particles with a dielectric layer having a refractive index, for the ultraviolet light emitted by the plasma, that is intermediate between that of the phosphor and vacuum. When deposited in a thickness range between 0.5 and 5 microns, the layer causes the particle's reflectivity to be reduced because of reduced reflection at the vacuum-coating interface as well as internal reflection at the coating-vacuum interface. For coating thicknesses in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 microns, reflectivity is reduced because of interference between rays reflected at the vacuum-coating interface and the coating-phosphor interface. Several methods for forming these antireflection coatings are described. These include CVD, PVD, and suspension in molten dielectric followed by decanting onto either sticky or non-stick surfaces.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing metal-ceramic composite materials, comprising setting a porous shaped material of an oxide-type ceramic and magnesium in a furnace; establishing a rare gas atmosphere, subliming the magnesium under heat, and dispersing the resulting magnesium vapor into the porous shaped material all within the furnace; introducing nitrogen gas into the furnace, causing the gas to react with the sublimed magnesium to form magnesium nitride (Mg.sub.3 N.sub.2), bringing the magnesium nitride into contact with the oxide in the surface of the porous shaped material thereby reducing the oxide and exposing metal atoms at the material surface, and thereafter infiltrating a molten metal into the porous shaped material.

Abstract: The method of providing molten bronze for cladding onto steel strip, wherein the raw material for the product consists of bronze in wire form. The wire is fed at a controlled rate into a cylindrical refractory tube that has induction coils wrapped around the outside. Wire is progressively heated, melted and discharged from the refractory tube through a spout directly onto a moving steel strip to thereby achieve the desired steel/bronze laminate.

Abstract: A system of gating orifices for continuous pressure infiltration processes eliminates blow-out of the pressurized molten metal matrix material and friction damage to the infiltrated preform. The system includes three or more orifices along a vertical path of an upwardly moving preform which passes from vacuum or atmospheric pressure into a pressurized infiltrating bath of molten metal, then into a pressurized atmosphere in which the matrix fully solidifies, and from there to an atmospheric environment. The entering orifice, at the bottom of the pressurized bath, is elongated in the direction of the preform movement to provide a temperature gradient from above the matrix material melting temperature at the bath to below the solidification temperature farthest from the bath. The resulting liquid-mushy-solid sequence of the matrix material forms a solidification seal to prevent blow out of the pressurized molten metal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite material combining a magnesium alloy containing zirconium with a carbon reinforcement, as well as to its production process.According to the invention, such a composite material is prepared by the infiltration of a reinforcement formed from graphite or carbon fibres by a liquid magnesium alloy containing 0.3 to 1% by weight zirconium at a temperature of 650.degree. to 850.degree. C.Under these conditions, on said fibres is formed a zirconium carbide layer containing magnesium in solid solution and e.g. complying with the formula ZrC.sub.x Mg.sub.y with 0.3<x<1 and 0.02<y<0.12, which leads to the wetting of the fibres by the melted magnesium and to a good adhesion between the fibres and the matrix, without any deterioration to the mechanical characteristics of the fibres.

Abstract: A steel wire to be coated is brought across the graphite spout of a crucible filled with a bath of molten metal, after having first been heated in a tubular duct filled with protective gas by an electric coil powered by a high frequency source to a temperature lower than that of the molten metal contained in the spout. The melting point of this metal is greater than the austenizing temperature of the steel. On leaving the spout, the coated steel wire is then cooled in a controlled manner to avoid hardening, for example, if it is a question of a steel of approximately 0.7% carbon, by having it spend several seconds in a fluidized bed whose temperature is maintained at a temperature of the order of 550.degree. C.

Abstract: Uniformity of the interstitial distribution of the second phase within composite superconducting high T.sub.c ceramic compositions is achieved by infiltrating the second phase from a bath of molten, low melting point, surface wetting, metallic salt introduced after the ceramic microstructure is formed and the superconductor phase fully developed. The metal or metal oxide second phase is formed uniformly in situ by the decomposition of the infiltrated salt and liquification and/or sintering of the residual metal or metal oxide.

Abstract: A method of forming a superconducting joint between the Nb.sub.3 Sn layer of a superconducting tape and a superconducting NbTi wire through use of a Pb-Bi bath, joint securing arrangement and mold around the joint.

Abstract: A coating control system is provided enabling continuous operations, free of interruption for coating control purposes, while achieving desired coating weight and thickness profile for the various gages, widths and coating specifications encountered on a given continuous strip production line. In each of a pair of elongated pneumatic dies, a pressurized gas jet is controllably shaped and directed by flow-control means internally-mounted of each pneumatic die to impinge against its respective substrate coated surface with its major directional component of force being controlled to be perpendicularly transverse to the travel path of the coated strip across its full width. Adjustment of such internally-mounted means is coordinated with control of gas pressure supply and/or adjustment of die positioning means to maintain desired coating weight and coating profile across the width of the strip.

Abstract: In connection with the manufacture of zinc hot dip galvanized or galvannealed steel strip using a high strength, high tensile steel strip containing Si, Mn or Cr as a starting steel strip, the invention provides a method for hot dip galvanizing a high tensile steel strip with minimal bare spots which can manufacture a bare spot-free steel strip of quality in an inexpensive manner while minimizing process complications and lowered productivity. The invention is achieved by subjecting a cold rolled steel strip containing at least one component of 0.1 to 2.0% of Si, 0.5 to 2.0% of Mn, and 0.1 to 2.0% of Cr and optionally further containing up to 0.2% of P, in % by weight, to recrystallization annealing in a continuous annealing line, cooling the steel strip, removing a steel component concentrated layer at the surface of the steel strip by polishing and/or pickling, subjecting the steel strip again to heat reduction at a temperature from 650.degree. C.

Abstract: The proposal is for a process and device for machining plate-like workpieces, especially silicon wafers or glass masks by coating the surface with a liquid, making use of capillary forces to distribute the liquid over the surface. To this end, a narrow slit is formed in which capillary forces act on the liquid. Features of the process are low liquid consumption and insensitivity to soiling.

Abstract: Nb--Sn precursor articles are described that include a Nb alloy article that is at least partially coated with a layer of a Sn alloy, such as a Sn--Cu alloy. The precursor articles described herein have a controlled concentration of the impurity elements As and S in the Sn alloy layer. The concentration of these elements in the Sn alloy layer is less than or equal to 50 ppm by weight. This invention also describes a method for making Nb--Sn precursor articles having a controlled concentration of As and S impurities.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant metal strip and method for making the same which is essentially lead free and is not highly reflective. The coating on the metal strip is a metallic coating comprised of tin and a very low weight percentage of lead. The coating alloy may also include antimony, bismuth, copper, zinc to improve the coating process and/or improve the properties of the tin coating. A metal layer may also applied to the surface of the metal strip prior to applying the metallic alloy coating.

Abstract: An air knife device for regulating the thickness of a layer deposited on a strip at the output of a bath, comprising at least one nozzle defined by two lips spaced a small distance apart, the nozzle being supplied with pressurized fluid in order to blow at least one flat jet of fluid onto the strip. The device is associated with at least one fluid cushion stabilizer arranged on at least one side of the nozzle along one of its lips and comprising a substantially flat wall extending from this lip in a direction substantially parallel to the strip so as to define a thin, flat space between the wall and the strip. A fluid is introduced into this space for the formation of a fluid cushion which is able to stabilize the vibrations of the strip.

Abstract: A process and a device for coating the surface of strip material, especially non-ferrous metal and steel strip, with a metal coating, wherein the material is conducted without reversal of direction through a container holding the molten coating material. The container has a passage duct below the level of the melting bath, in which induction currents are induced by an electromagnetic travelling field and produce, in interaction with the electromagnetic travelling field, an electromagnetic force for restraining the coating material. In order to stabilize the melt in the passage duct as well as in the container, and in order to attain, to a large extent, a counterbalance between hydrostatic and electromagnetic forces, a constant direct or alternating current field is directed opposite to the travelling field in the area near the container, damping the movement in the coating material.

Abstract: A method for fabricating ceramic-metal composites having continuous ceramic and metallic phases. In one embodiment, the metal phase includes copper metal. The method can include the steps of contacting a porous ceramic matrix material with molten metal whereby capillary action pulls the metal into the ceramic matrix to substantially fill the open void space. The present invention also provides a ceramic-metal composite having continuous metal and ceramic phases.

Abstract: A coating control system is provided enabling continuous operations, free of interruption for coating control purposes, while achieving desired coating weight and thickness profile for the various gages, widths and coating specifications encountered on a given continuous strip production line. In each of a pair of elongated pneumatic dies, a pressurized gas jet is controllably shaped and directed by flow-control means internally-mounted of each pneumatic die to impinge against its respective substrate coated surface with its major directional component of force being controlled to be perpendicularly transverse to the travel path of the coated strip across its full width. Adjustment of such internally-mounted means is coordinated with control of gas pressure supply and/or adjustment of die positioning means to maintain desired coating weight and coating profile across the width of the strip.

Abstract: A Zn--Ni alloy having a high Ni content is used for supplying Ni.sup.2+ and Zn.sup.2+ ions into an acidic plating bath and for supplying Ni and Zn into a hot dip galvanizing bath. This alloy is characterized by being produced by using a flux consisting of a fused-salt former, which forms a salt having a melting temperature of 700.degree. C. or less, and Na.sub.2 B.sub.4 O.sub.7 and occasionaly additionally Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3. By using the inventive alloy, the bath can be quickly prepared, and Zn and Ni can be supplied to the bath without leaving the undissolved residue.

Abstract: Alloy coating composition that is Al 55% by weight, Zn 43.4% by weight, Si 1.6% by weight, comprising addition of Ti to said composition at a concentration of 0.0001-0.5% by weight of said composition. Ti-Al alloy is melted preliminary in a premelt pot (2), and it, thus Ti, is introduced into the bath of coating pot (1). Then a steel plate is passed through the coating pot (1); and thus, the surface of the steel plate is treated with Ti which stifles growth of spangle particles.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electronic part includes a step of preparing a molten resin bathtub used for coating the outer surface of the electronic part. On a surface of the resin in the molten resin bathtub, a layer of a surface-active agent is formed. The electronic part body is dipped via the solvent layer into the molten resin bathtub. After coating the electronic part body with the molten resin, the electronic part body is removed from the molten resin bathtub. The molten resin is cured by heating and the resin layer is formed on the electronic part body.

Abstract: A process for the fabrication of a rapidly solidified foil laminate composite. An amorphous metallic glass foil is flux treated and coated with solder. Before solidification of the solder the foil is collected on a take-up spool which forms the composite into a solid annular configuration. The resulting composite exhibits high strength, resiliency and favorable magnetic and electrical properties associated with amorphous materials. The composite also exhibits bonding strength between the foil layers which significantly exceeds the bulk strength of the solder alone.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte gas sensor comprising: a base plate of a solid electrolyte, on which are disposed a detecting electrode for detecting a selected gas, a reference electrode, and a conductor portion for external connection such as an outer lead.A process of producing a joined body of a ceramic member and a hard-to-sinter oxyacid salt crystal, the process comprising the steps of: impregnating a melt of a hard-to-sinter oxyacid salt such as a sulphate or a carbonate into a porous ceramic plate having micropores extending through the entire thickness thereof; then cooling the impregnated ceramic plate to form a composite plate composed of the ceramic plate with the micropores filled with a crystal of the hard-to-sinter oxyacid salt; and joining the composite plate to a ceramic base.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composite of silicon carbide and carbon. This invention also relates to its manufacturing method. An obtained composite is used as heat resistant, wear resistant or chemical resistant materials. The object of this manufacturing method is to form a deep layer of silicon carbide and carbon in the surface of a carbon base by a simple process of causing a silicon containing material to penetrate into and react with the carbon block. Further object of this invention is to produce a compound in whole comprised of silicon carbide and carbon if the carbon block is 20 mm or below in thickness. To this end, according to this forming method a carbon block having a lattice constant c of 6.708 .ANG. to 6.900 .ANG. or below and a density of 1.3 g/cm.sup.3 to 1.7 g/cm.sup.

Abstract: A process for fabricating ceramic-metal composites having ceramic and metal phases wherein the ceramic to metal ratio changes within the ceramic. The process includes the steps of contacting a porous ceramic matrix material with a molten metal whereby capillary action pulls the metal into the ceramic matrix to substantially fill the void space. The ceramic matrix has a porosity gradient wherein the infiltrated composite has a varying ratio of ceramic to metal.

Abstract: Various metal coatings have been used for many years to inhibit oxidation of metals exposed to the natural elements of the atmosphere over a period of time. Terne alloy coatings which normally contain about 20% tin and about 80% lead are some of the most popular metal coating treatments to resist corrosion. The special formulation of the present invention reformulates the terne coating to constitute a tin and lead based coating where tin constitutes at least 90% of the terne and lead amounts to less than 0.1% and preferably less than 0.05% of the terne. The low lead terne coating may also include antimony and bismuth to provide strength and hardness to the low lead terne formulation having corrosion resistive qualities similar to that of standard terne coating formulations.

Abstract: A method of adjusting coating weight of a coating material with high accuracy within a wide range of operation, by setting and using a relational formula for determining a coating weight W of the coating material separately in accordance with relative relation between a nozzle-strip distance D and a nozzle slit clearance B. The adjustment of the coating weight of molten metal (coating material) is performed by controlling a nozzle pressure P and a strip speed V, and also by controlling D by equation (1) in the range of D/B.ltoreq.C (developing range) and at least one of D and B by equation (2) in the range of D/B>C (fully developed range). (.rho..sub.M =molten metal density, .mu.=molten metal viscosity, P.sub.A =pressure at nozzle outlet, .eta.=nozzle efficiency, K=ratio of specific heat of gas, and h.sub.1 and h.sub.2 =constants)W=h.sub.1 .times..rho..sub.M .times.{(K-1)/(2.times..eta..times.K.times.P.sub.A)}.sup.1/2 .times.D.sup.1/2 .times.[.mu..times.V/{(P/P.sub.A).sup.(K-1)/K -1}].sup.1/2(1)W=h.sub.2 .

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for coating elongated metallic matal, particularly strip or wire, with multiple layers by applying different layers of metallic coating materials while the material to be coated travels continuously through an installation having a plurality of dip baths of molten coating materials which are arranged one after the other.In order to produce new corrosion-resistant coatings with improved properties and improved surfaces, the invention provides that the elongated metallic material is guided in a straight line through the installation so as to be regulated in temperature via the adjustable bath temperatures of the different molten coating materials. The device used for this purpose is characterized by a plurality of treatment tanks (4a, 4b) arranged in series and having through-ducts (12) for the elongated metallic material (B) below the surface (h) of the dip bath, the through-ducts (12) being closed by magnetohydrodynamic seals (13).

Abstract: A method of galvanizing ferrous linear elements, e.g., tube, pipe, structural shapes, as part of a continuous manufacturing line by passing the axially travelling preheated element through transversely flowing molten zinc.

Abstract: For the production of lightweight reflectors or mirror structures, metallic silicon of sufficient thickness is applied to a CFC or CMC substrate preform structure having the dimensions of the component to be produced by a heat treatment process, in particular at temperatures between 1300.degree. C. and 1600.degree. C. and in a vacuum or in a protective atmosphere. In this way, reflectors or mirror structures are formed directly. It is possible to work at temperatures of 300.degree.-600.degree. C. when the silicon is applied in the form of wafers which are joined to the substrate preform by way a zone of a melt eutectic incorporating a nonferrous metal. Preferably the nonferrous metal is gold.

Abstract: A system for casting straps and terminals on lugs of storage batteries includes a loading station including means for receiving at least one non-metallic battery case having a plurality of plates and separators partially inserted in the case with lugs extending out of the case. Clamping structure holds the battery case in position and includes metallic structure for overlying edges of the case to insulate the edges of the battery case from heat. Means rotates the receiving means to position the lugs in a downward substantially vertical direction. Included is a casting mold for receiving molten lead. Transportation means moves the receiving means over the casting molds and lower the lugs into the casting mold. Following the setting of the lead, the receiving means is transported to an un-loading station where the battery case is removed from the receiving means. The casting mold includes a vent for letting air from the mold as molten lead is added to the mold.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for forming metal matrix composite bodies. Particularly, an infiltration enhancer and/or an infiltration enhancer precursor and/or an infiltrating atmosphere are in communication with a rigidized filler material or a rigidized preform, at least at some point during the process, which permits molten matrix metal to spontaneously infiltrate the rigidized filler material or rigidized preform. Such spontaneous infiltration occurs without the requirement for the application of any pressure or vacuum. In one embodiment of the invention, a filler material or preform can be rigidized by firing and at least partially sintering the filler material so as to provide a three-dimensionally interconnected network of sintered filler material. In another embodiment of the invention, a refractory material mixture is contacted against an exterior surface of a preform or filler material and at least at some point during the process becomes structurally supportive.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte gas sensor comprising: a base plate of a solid electrolyte, on which are disposed a detecting electrode for detecting a selected gas, a reference electrode, and a conductor portion for external connection such as an outer lead.A process of producing a joined body of a ceramic member and a hard-to-sinter oxyacid salt crystal, the process comprising the steps of: impregnating a melt of a hard-to-sinter oxyacid salt such as a sulphate or a carbonate into a porous ceramic plate having micropores extending through the entire thickness thereof; then cooling the impregnated ceramic plate to form a composite plate composed of the ceramic plate with the micropores filled with a crystal of the hard-to-sinter oxyacid salt; and joining the composite plate to a ceramic base.