Abstract: An article having a spallation resistant TBC comprises a metal substrate, such as a high temperature superalloy, and a TBC, such as a coating of yttria stabilized zirconia. The TBC comprises a plurality of plasma-sprayed layers. The TBC has a coherent, continuous columnar grain microstructure, wherein at least one layer has a plurality of continuous columnar grains which have been extended by directional solidification into an adjacent layer. In a preferred embodiment, the coherent, continuous columnar microstructure comprises substantially all of the volume of TBC. A coherent, continuous columnar grain microstructure is also taught wherein at least some of the plurality of coherent, continuous columnar grains which comprise a TBC extend through essentially the entire thickness of the coating.

Abstract: A press roll for a paper or board machine, a method for manufacturing a roll for a paper or board machine and a coating composition for a roll which enable the roll to endure difficult corrosion conditions. An adhesion/corrosion-protection layer having a thickness of from about 150 &mgr;m to about 300 &mgr;m is applied onto the frame part of the roll by a high-velocity flame spraying technique. The adhesion/corrosion-protection layer contains a nickel-chromium alloy. A tight-ceramic layer having a thickness from about 50 &mgr;m to about 150 &mgr;m is applied onto the adhesion/corrosion-protection layer by a high-velocity flame spraying technique and includes from about 50% to about 100% of Al2O3 and optionally includes up to about 50% of TiO2 and/or any amount of Al2TiO5. A porous ceramic layer is applied onto the tight ceramic layer. The tight-ceramic layer may include only Al2TiO5 instead of Al2O3, with or without TiO2.

Abstract: A coating of whisker shaped beta silicon nitride grains are formed upon a silicon nitride substrate by sintering over a period of several hours, and the resulting product has a porous reaction bond coating strongly adhered to the silicon nitride substrate.

Abstract: A process for depositing a mullite coating on a silicon-based material, such as those used to form articles exposed to high temperatures and including the hostile thermal environment of a gas turbine engine. The process is generally to thermally spray a mullite powder to form a mullite layer on a substrate, in which the thermal spraying process is performed so that the mullite powder absorbs a sufficient low level of energy from the thermal source to prevent evaporation of silica from the mullite powder. Processing includes deposition parameter adjustments or annealing to maintain or reestablish phase equilibrium in the mullite layer, so that through-thickness cracks in the mullite layer are avoided.

Abstract: To provide a substrate consisting of carbon or non-metallic materials containing carbon with a layer of a metal having a high melting point, first an undercoat layer is applied to the substrate by plasma spraying in an inert atmosphere. The undercoat layer predominantly consists of rhenium, molybdenum, zirconium, titan, chrome, niobium, tantalum, hafnium, vanadium, platinum, rhodium or iridium. Onto that undercoat layer, a covering layer can be applied, by plasma spraying as well. In order to reduce the thermo-mechanical stress and to improve the adhesion of the undercoat layer on the surface of the substrate, the substrate is preheated prior to applying the undercoat layer. By means of such a method, carbon-containing substrates can be provided with an undercoat layer and, if required, with a covering layer quickly and reliably at low costs.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems, methods and apparatus for processing of semiconductor wafers. Specifically, embodiments of the present invention include apparatus designed to resist etching and deposition by processing and cleaning gases in a processing chamber. The apparatus of the present invention allow multiple process steps to be performed in situ in the same chamber to reduce total processing time and facilitate cleaning of the processing chamber. In one embodiment of the invention, a heating assembly for heating a semiconductor wafer within a deposition apparatus comprises a pedestal having a substantially planar upper surface for supporting the semiconductor wafer thereon and a heating element disposed therein for heating the wafer to the required temperatures for processing. According to the invention, the pedestal includes a protective layer substantially covering and adhered to the wafer support surface.

Abstract: A method for providing a substantially-smooth protective coating on a metal-based substrate is disclosed. A thermal barrier coating is first applied over the substrate by plasma-spraying. The coating is then plasma-heated according to a time- and temperature schedule sufficient to re-melt its surface region, allowing the coating material to flow and smoothen. The surface region is then allowed to cool to a temperature below its melting point. After being cooled, the surface is much smoother than when originally applied, which allows the coating to be used in a higher-temperature environment. The coating is often zirconia-based, e.g., yttria-stabilized zirconia.

Abstract: In a method of coating easily oxidisable materials by plasma powder build-up welding of additive materials in powder form using alternating current or direct current with superimposed alternating current to produce a plasma transferred arc for powder build-up welding in accordance with patent application No 196 26 941.5 a CuNi-alloy is used as an additive welding material with additions (in % by weight) of:______________________________________ Fe below about 10; Cr below about 5; B below about 4; Si below about 4; C with about 1.5; ______________________________________with a degree of mixing of more than 40% by volume.

Abstract: A method of depositing a bond coat (16) of a thermal barrier coating (TBC) system (14) for a component (10) designed for use in a hostile thermal environment. The method yields a bond coat (16) having an adequate surface roughness for adhering a plasma-sprayed ceramic layer (18), while also exhibiting high density and low oxide content. The method generally entails forming the bond coat (16) by depositing a metal powder on the substrate (12) using a plasma spray or high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) technique. The metal powder contains particles that are sufficiently large to incompletely melt during deposition, yielding a surface roughness of at least about 350 microinches Ra. The large particles cause the bond coat (16) to have relatively low density and a propensity to oxidize, both at the surface of the bond coat (16) and internally due to the porosity of the bond coat (16).

Abstract: A method for preparing and coating metal cookware having an interior cooking surface and for the application of a lubricative coating is disclosed. The method includes mechanically spraying the interior cooking surface with an aluminum oxide material to produce a roughened surface and applying by thermal spraying a metallic abrasion resistant layer of substantially pure titanium, titanium oxide and/or titanium nitride. Also disclosed is a cooking utensil having a substrate and an intermediate layer deposited on the substrate by thermally spraying the substrate with a mechanically durable material, said mechanically durable material being selected from the group consisting of chemically pure titanium, titanium-aluminum, nickel-titanium, and titanium 6-4.

Abstract: A method of forming a thermal barrier coating system on an article subjected to a hostile thermal environment, such as the hot gas path components of a gas turbine engine. The coating system is generally composed of a ceramic layer and preferably a bond coat that adheres the ceramic layer to the component surface. Surface features such as grooves are cast directly into the surface of the component. If the bond coat is present, the grooves in the component surface cause the bond coat to also have grooves that generally correspond to the grooves in the component surface.

Abstract: A thermal barrier coating may be applied by depositing a MCrAIY bond coat onto a superalloy substrate, wherein M stands for Ni, Co, Fe, or a mixture of Ni and Co. Undesired oxides and contaminants are removed from the MCrAIY bond coat with an ionized gas stream cleaning process, such as a reverse transfer arc process. An adherent aluminum oxide scale is formed on the MCrAIY bond coat and a ceramic layer is deposited on the aluminum oxide scale by physical vapor deposition to form a columnar structure.

Abstract: A thermal barrier coating (TBC) system, comprising a metallic bond coat on an article surface and an outer ceramic TBC is repaired by renewing without removing the bond coat. The outer ceramic TBC is removed to expose a bond coat substrate. At least one discrete local surface area of the article surface subject to bond coat degradation is selected from a thermal pattern unique to the article surface from service operation. At least one renewal metal selected from Pt, Rh, and Pd is applied at least to the selected discrete local surface area and heated to diffuse the renewal metal into the bond coat substrate. An environmental resistant coating selected from aluminides and alloys including aluminum is applied at least to the discrete local surface area over the renewal metal. Thereafter, an outer ceramic TBC is applied to the article surface.

Abstract: A method for improving the quality of a zirconia-based coating deposited on a metal-based substrate is disclosed. The method comprises the step of plasma-spraying zirconia powder of substantially uniform particle size onto the substrate. The disclosure further relates to an improved powder source material for use in a plasma. The source material is zirconia powder having a uniform particle size, and optionally, a uniform particle density. The use of such a material results in improved thermal barrier coatings for various substrates, such as those found in a turbine engine.

Abstract: A tribo-system comprises a first structural component part and a second structural component part which are in dry frictional contact with one another, each through a surface layer. For this purpose, the surface layer of the first structural component part is based on oxides or mixed oxides in monoclinic, triclinic or tetragonal crystal structure formed from MeO.sub.6 octahedrons with planar oxygen defects.

Abstract: A method for applying coatings to substrates using combustion chemical vapor deposition by mixing together a reagent and a carrier solution to form a reagent mixture, igniting the reagent mixture to create a flame, or flowing the reagent mixture through a plasma torch, in which the reagent is at least partially vaporized into a vapor phase, and contacting the vapor phase of the reagent to a substrate resulting in the deposition, at least in part from the vapor phase, of a coating of the reagent which can be controlled so as to have a preferred orientation on the substrate, and an apparatus to accomplish this method.

Abstract: A method of coating a component (6) having at least one passage (16) entirely therethrough. The method comprising the steps of applying a coating (28) to a region of the surface (22) of the component (6), adjacent to one end of the passage. Then directing a liquid jet (38) through the other end of the said passage (16) so as to remove at least a portion of any coating material (28) located within, or obstructing, the passage (16). In this method the jet is channelled by a first portion (42) of the passage (16) before it encounters the coating material (28) within, or obstructing, the passage (16). In particular the jet (38) is a water jet, which is used to remove a ceramic coating (28) from a component (6). The method has particular use in clearing cooling holes (16) within combustor components or turbine blades. The method can also be used in the repair of such components (6).

Abstract: A process for the deposition of thick coatings with a thickness >1 mm on products made of copper or alloys thereof, wherein said products are subjected to the following operations: surface activation of the product made of copper or alloys thereof; optional heat stabilization to a temperature below the ones causing deterioration of the chemical and physical properties of the copper or alloys thereof; deposition of a first layer, for example of Ni or alloys thereof; optional interdiffusion heat treatment; optional activation of the surface of the first layer; thermal stabilization of said product at a temperature of between 20.degree. and 400.degree. C.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine component coated with a thermal barrier coating that includes a metallic bond coat and a ceramic top coat is repaired by removing the ceramic top coat from an engine-run gas turbine engine component and inspecting the component. A metallic flash coat is applied to at least a portion of the component. A ceramic top coat is then applied over predetermined portions of the component, including the portion to which the metallic flash coat was applied.

Abstract: A method of thermally spraying a coating onto the interior of a cylindrical surface which coating is graded between enhanced optimal machinability and enhanced wear resistance.

Abstract: A method of protecting reinforced concrete structures comprising of applying a protective cathodic coating containing a non-corroding metal and an electrochemically active material on concrete wherein the protective coating is formed by thermally spraying a mixture of said non-corroding metal such as a valve metal and said electrochemically active material. The coating may also be formed by applying a precursor of the electrochemically active material and a metal-containing layer to concrete, then anodically polarizing said metal layer to convert the precursor into an electrochemically active material.

Abstract: A spray deposit is formed by applying a spray deposit on a target object, and applying a sealer onto the spray deposit on the target object immediately after the spray deposit is applied on the target object. Thus, a thin layer of sealer components contained in the sealer is formed immediately on the spray deposit while a liquid component of the sealer volatilizes.

Abstract: A process for the production of coaxial and confocal mirrors having grazing incidence consists essentially of a support element or a carrier made of ceramic material, a layer reflecting X-rays and intermediate layer which is a buffer and which avoids the transfer of the rough surface of the carrier or support element to the reflecting layer. The support element or carrier is prepared by deposition involving the spraying of the ceramic material in the form of plasma (plasma spray deposition).

Abstract: A thermal barrier coating member to be used for such as a member for a gas turbine comprising a metallic member comprising a super alloy mainly composed of at least one of Ni, Co and Fe, an intermediate layer composed of a MCrAlY alloy (M denotes at least one of Ni, Co and Fe) covering this metallic substrate, and a ceramic layer mainly composed of stabilized zirconia formed on the intermediate layer. A ceramic material having a higher melting point than zirconia is compounded in the ceramic layer as a member for suppressing a reaction sintering of the ceramic layer.

Abstract: A method for temporarily protecting at least one passage hole in a metal-based substrate from being obstructed by at least one coating applied over the substrate is disclosed. The method includes the following steps:(a) filling and covering the hole with a curable masking material which forms a protrusion over the hole;(b) curing the masking material;(c) applying at least one coating over the substrate and the masking material, wherein the coating does not substantially adhere to the protrusion; and then(d) removing the masking material to uncover the passage hole.Usually, there are an array of holes, and they serve as conduits for cooling gasses for an engine component. The curable masking material exhibits substantially non-Newtonian flow characteristics which make it especially suitable for forming protrusions of the proper size and shape on the coating-side of an engine part.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermal barrier coated article with spallation and delamination inhibiting metallic bond coat. The metallic bond coat contains a reactive element oxide, preferably yttria, which reacts with sulfur, typically migrating from the substrate to the thermal barrier coating, to prevent the sulfur from inducing spallation of the oxide scale at the interface of the thermal barrier coating and the metallic bond coat. This metallic bond coat is preferably multi-layered having a reactive element oxide containing layer sandwiched between two reactive element oxide-free layers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus form a thermal barrier coating on a metal component. A molten thermal barrier coating powder is sprayed on the component in sweeping strokes. A plurality of overlapping solidified coating ribbons are deposited on the component and include a sequentially deposited surface ribbon forming sublayer ribbons therebelow. The surface ribbon is preheated at a spray site so that the sprayed molten powder remelts the surface ribbon at the spray site for sequentially welding the sequentially deposited surface ribbons to the sublayer ribbons.

Abstract: A process for controllably applying thermal spray coating onto substrates is described. The process includes positioning rotor blades in a fixture rotatable about an axis, forming a spray of particles of softened coating medium in an apparatus for propelling the coating medium towards the blade tips and coating the blade tips by passing the blades through the spray of particles of coating medium. Various process details, including process parameters, are developed.

Abstract: A method for applying a rough slip resistant non-skid surface to a substrate in the field at the cite of use, comprising applying at least one base coat of metal to a surface of the substrate; wetting the surface of the substrate with a surfactant; spreading grit onto the wetted surface of the substrate; applying at least one bond coat of metal over the grit and the substrate, locking the grit in place; and, applying at least one finish coat of metal over the grit and the substrate.

Abstract: A method for applying coatings to substrates using combustion chemical vapor deposition by mixing together a reagent and a carrier solution to form a reagent mixture, igniting the reagent mixture to create a flame, or flowing the reagent mixture through a plasma torch, in which majority of the reagent is vaporized into a vapor phase, and contacting the vapor phase of the reagent to a substrate resulting in the deposition, at least in part from the vapor phase, of a coating of the reagent which can be controlled so as to have a preferred orientation on the substrate.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a roll for use in the production of paper in which the roll is coated by thermal spraying. A sealing-agent solution is spread onto a coating of the roll which is produced by thermal spraying to seal pores in the coating, the sealing-agent solution is then allowed to be absorbed into the pores in the coating. The roll is heated in order to eliminate the water from the sealing-agent solution, and upon elimination of the water, the sealing-agent solution crystallizes in the pores in the coating after which the roll is allowed to cool. A roll for use in the production of paper having a frame and a roll coating produced by thermal spraying. The coating is sealed by crystals formed out of a sealing-agent solution after the elimination of water therefrom. A coating for a roll for use in the production of paper produced by thermal spraying and having pores. In order to seal the coating, a sealing agent is crystallized in the pores in the coating.

Abstract: A thermal barrier coating system and a method for forming the coating system on an article designed for use in a hostile thermal environment, such as superalloy turbine, combustor and augmentor components of a gas turbine engine. The method is particularly directed to a coating system comprising an APS bond coat on which a thermal-insulating APS ceramic layer is deposited, wherein the oxidation resistance of the bond coat and the spallation resistance of the ceramic layer are increased by diffusing platinum, palladium, hafnium, rhenium and/or rhodium into the bond coat. The diffusion process is performed so as not to alter the surface roughness of the bond coat, which is maintained in a range of about 200 to about 500 .mu.inch Ra.

Abstract: A method of depositing a bond coat (16) of a thermal barrier coating (TBC) system (14) for components designed for use in a hostile thermal environment, such as turbine, combustor and augmentor components (10) of a gas turbine engine. The method yields a bond coat (16) having an adequate surface roughness for adhering a plasma-sprayed ceramic layer (18) while also producing a bond coat (16) that is dense with low porosity, thereby yielding a thermal barrier coating system (14) that is highly resistant to spallation. The method generally entails forming the bond coat (16) by depositing two metal powders on the substrate (12) using either a vacuum plasma spraying (VPS) or high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) technique. The particle size distributions of the two powders are chosen to yield a bimodal (dual-peak) particle size distribution that will produce a VPS and HVOF bond coat (16) characterized by a macro-surface roughness of at least about 350 microinches Ra attributable to particles of the coarser powder.

Abstract: Thermally sprayed coatings made from carbides of metals having greater carbon affinity than Cr in the presence of free carbon, or thermally sprayed coatings made from carbides of metals having smaller carbon affinity than Cr are heat treated in a chromium halide containing atmosphere which also contains hydrogen gas, whereby activated metallic Cr is precipitated in a fine particulate form, which is allowed to act on the thermally sprayed coatings, whereupon a Cr.sub.23 C.sub.6 -form carbide is created not only on the coating surface but also in its interior, particularly within pores, to form a modified layer, thereby compositing the thermally sprayed coatings.

Abstract: A dental care material comprising a titanium sintered body has no harmful effects on the human body and easily produces products with complicated shapes having a high level of strength. A mixture of titanium powder and an organic binder is injection molded and subjected to binder removal and sintering processes to form a bracket for orthodontic or dental implant materials. Pure titanium powder, with an average granule diameter of no more than 40 .mu.m, a carbon content by weight of no more than 0.3%, and an oxygen content by weight of no more than 0.6%, preferably is used to produce a titanium sintered body of combined carbon and oxygen content by weight of no more than 1.0%. Colored layers can be formed on the surface of the titanium sintered body using various methods as needed.

Abstract: Method of depositing a metal base coating containing a self-lubricating oxide phase and one or more wear resistant phases, by: preparing at least one light metal substrate surface to be essentially oxide-free and in a condition to adherently receive the coating, plasma spraying a supply of metal (M) powder particles onto the substrate surface to produce a composite coating of such metal (M) and an oxide (MO.sub.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of treating an artifact to combat unauthorized tampering with the identity thereof. The method comprises forming a coating on at least part of a surface of the artifact, to provide the artifact with an identification mark which comprises said coating. Forming the coating is by means of thermal spray-coating. The method can be used to coat a pre-formed identification mark on the surface, or to apply an identification mark to the surface, the mark being an engine number, chassis number, or the like. The method acts to render vehicle or aircraft theft, and forgery of parts thereof, more difficult.

Abstract: A method of making coater and doctor blades for use on paper-making machinery is disclosed. A bond coating and then a wear-resistant coating are applied to one edge of an endless steel carrier strip. The strip is passed together with a masking strip continuously in only one direction through a coating zone for spraying by a plasma gun. The masking strip masks a transverse portion of the carrier strip so as to leave one edge of the latter exposed to the spray. Spraying continues for the number of passes necessary to apply desired thicknesses of the coatings to the carrier strip.

Abstract: A method of bonding a thermally sprayed coating to a non-roughened light metal (i.e. cast aluminum-based) surface. The method comprises the steps of (a) depositing a flux material (i.e. potassium aluminum's fluoride containing up to 50 molar % other fluoride salts) onto such cast surface which has been cleansed to be substantially free of grease and oils, such deposition providing a dry flux coated surface, the flux being capable of removing oxide on the cast surface and having a melting temperature below that of the cast surface; (b) thermally activating the flux in the flux coated surface to melt and dissolve any oxide residing on the cast surface; and (c) concurrently therewith or subsequent to step (b) thermally spraying metallic droplets or particles onto the flux coated surface to form a metallic coating that is metallurgically bonded to the cast surface.

Abstract: A method for applying a coating of catalytic material onto a metallic substrate involves thermal spray deposition of refractory oxide particles directly onto the substrate, preferably to attain an undercoat having a surface roughness of Ra 3 or greater. The catalytic material may then be applied to the undercoated substrate in any convenient manner. In a particular embodiment, the metallic substrate is treated by grit blasting prior to the application of an undercoat principally containing alumina. The coated substrate can be used in the assembly of a catalyst member for the treatment of exhaust gases.

Abstract: A dielectric image receiving member is disclosed which comprises a substrate layer, a porous plasma-sprayed dielectric layer formed on the surface of the substrate layer, and a dielectric polymeric coating material filling at least those pores opening at the surface of the oxide layer. Most preferably, the plasma-sprayed layer is a metal oxide and the coating material is a glass resin.

Abstract: A method of producing a segmented abradable ceramic coating system having superior abradability and erosion resistance is disclosed. The system includes a duct segment having a metallic substrate, a MCrAlY bond coat on the substrate and a segmented abradable ceramic coating on the bond coat. The segmented abradable ceramic coating includes a base coat foundation layer, a graded interlayer and an abradable top layer for an overall thickness of preferably about 50 mils (1.270 mm). The coating is characterized by a plurality of vertical microcracks. By precisely controlling the deposition parameters, composition of the layers and layer particle morphology, segmentation is achieved, as well as superior abradability and erosion resistance.

Abstract: A carbon member having an excellent bonding property is provided at its surface with a metal spray coating layer, and comprises a carbon substrate and a spray coating layer made from at least one metal selected from Cr, Ti, V, W, Mo, Zr, Nb and Ta or an alloy thereof, in which the coating layer has a ratio of linear expansion coefficient to carbon of 0.73-1.44 and a large chemical affinity to carbon at its interface.

Abstract: An optical waveguide tube has a transparent core received in a cladding having a lower refractive index than the core. The entire cladding or an inner layer of the cladding fitting on the core is formed of a fluororubber which has been vulcanized by radical crosslinking. The vulcanized fluororubber has a residual halogen atom content of up to 80 ppm. A trapping agent surrounds the cladding for trapping coloring substances. The optical tube maintains satisfactory optical transmission capability over a long time while the core is not colored.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the preparation and coating of the surface of a substrate by thermal projection, in which the surface of the substrate is progressively subjected to laser irradiation thereby at least partially to eliminate a superficial contaminating film on the surface of the substrate, and then there is projected by a thermal projection device a deposit material on the surface thus prepared immediately after the preparation. The surface of the substrate is subjected to successive laser and thermal projection treatments thereby to lay down on the surface a plurality of layers of deposit material. The substrate can be cylindrical, and can be rotated about its axis while continuously applying laser radiation and thermal projection thereto, with the substrate rotating in a direction such that the surface of the substrate is subjected first to laser radiation and subsequently to thermal projection. The laser is a pulsed laser.

Abstract: A composite plating film is prepared from a composite plating solution containing a metal matrix and insoluble particles 4 dispersed therein or deposited therewith. The composite plating film has a non-uniform concentration of insoluble particles along a direction of the thickness of the composite film. The non-uniform concentration is achieved by changing the discharge rate of composite plating solution during deposition of the film on the base material.

Abstract: Method of depositing an Fe.sub.x O comprising coating onto a light metal substrate by use of wire-arc thermal spraying that propels atomized droplets by use of atomizing gases, comprising: preparing at least one surface of the light metal substrate to present an exposed essentially non-oxidized substrate surface; and thermally spraying melted droplets of a steel feedstock wire onto the prepared surface by use of propellant gases to deposit a composite coating, the gases being controlled as to content to regulate the exposure of the droplets to oxygen so that Fe.sub.x O is substantially the only iron oxide formed during spraying, x being 0.5-1.5.

Abstract: An oxygen concentration detector includes a one-end closed cylindrical oxygen sensing element having an inside electrode, outside electrode provided on the inner side and outer side respectively, an electrode protecting layer made up of ceramics porous member provided further outside the outside electrode, and a trap layer 1 of ceramics porous member having a surface roughness of 20 to 100 .mu.m measured according to a 10 point mean roughness measurement and provided outside the electrode protecting layer is employed. By dipping the to-be-detected gas side surface of an oxygen sensing element into a slurry with coarse heat-resisting metal oxide particles, 2 to 50 .mu.m in average grain size, dispersed, depositing the slurry on the surface of a protective layer of an oxygen sensor element, thereafter drying and baking the deposit, a porous poisonous substance trap layer, 10 to 500 .mu.m thick, is formed.

Abstract: A laser remelting process is provided to fabricate a metal article with a thermal-barrier ceramic top coat having improved oxidation resistance and surface properties. The process includes the combination of following two laser remelting treatments which are conducted while the metal substrate is at temperatures above 850.degree. C.: (1) Firstly, remelt a plasma-sprayed zirconia coating which is applied on a metal article by means of a high-power laser. The process step is assigned as a "primary laser remelting" step; (2) coat the treated surface with a thin layer of zirconia powder, then remelt the surface of the article while the metal substrate is preheated. The step is assigned as a "secondary laser remelting" step. The treated articles are well-suited for such applications as turbine blades and engine parts operated at high temperatures and corrosive environment.

Abstract: A ceramic heat insulation layer applied to a metal structural part or to an intermediate adherent layer thereon, has the surfaces of its inner, open pore structure coated with a passivating ceramic material or a metal deposition material for improving the properties of the heat insulation layer.