Abstract: The invention relates to cast resins containing A) at least one solid unsaturated polyester and B) at least one oligomer and/or polymer cross-linking agent that can be copolymerised therewith, said cross-linking agent having at least one terminal and/or lateral propenyl-, isoprenyl- and/or (meth)acrylester group in relation to the oligomer- and/or polymer main chain. The invention also relates to the use of cast resins as casting beans and impregnants and as coating agents. The invention further relates to a method for melt impregnating or melt coating components, absorbent mattes or grounded or ungrounded substrates with the cast resins.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process to rapidly spin-apply an AR coating system to a backside of a prescription lens. The AR coating system comprises a polyurethane primer layer, a siloxane thermally cured scratch resistant coating layer, a two-layer sol-gel AR coating, and a hydrophobic layer. The process comprising steps of spin-applying each of the layers provides a quick way to furnish a prescription lens that is AR coated on both sides.

Abstract: The present invention includes photocurable, liquid polymers incorporating coumarin ester endgroups into their molecular structure, which polymers are crosslinked upon irradiation with ultraviolet light by photochemically allowed [2+2] cycloaddition reactions among the chain ends, and which crosslinked polymers are useful in the preparation of medical devices, tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery systems and, in particular, in vivo preparation of implants in an open surgical procedure or laproscopically.

Abstract: The invention is used in the field of chemistry and relates to coatings which can be used, for example, for the production of paint films, and a method for production thereof. The object of the invention is to describe permanent coatings with hydrophobic to ultrahydrophobic properties. The object is attained by hydrophobic permanent coatings of a crosslinked layer of a hardener component (A) and resin component (B), whereby (A) and/or (B) comprise chemically coupled lateral and/or terminal perfluoroalkyl groups with at least one trifluoromethyl end group, with a coupling between the layer and the surface region of the substrate.

Abstract: A magnetic disk is produced with improved yield by forming a DLC protective film by a d.c. magnetron sputtering process conducted in a sputtering atmosphere containing oxygen. The magnetic disk carries a lubricating film on the DLC film wherein a fluorocarbon resin constituting the lubricating film contains photocrosslinking groups. A lubricating film having non-polar end groups is also disclosed.

Abstract: The method for hardening electro-insulating materials is characterised by the utilization and/or co-utilization of near-infrared radiation (NIR) having a wavelength of 500 nm to 1400 nm. NIR also enables very fast hardening of the component surface even with pure thermally hardenable impregnating material and further provides good hardening of thick layers located deep inside said layers. Combined hardening, for example, NIR and UV light, is also possible.

Abstract: A binder mixture comprises at least one polymer (A) with saturated main chain that is not a polyester and at least one polyester (B) with a saturated and/or unsaturated main chain, where (i) one of the two components (A) or (B) contains structural units I and/or II, or both components (A) and (B) contain structural units I and/or II, ?in which the index n is an integer from 1 to 10; and where (ii) at least polyester (B) that contains no structural units I and/or II contains maleic and/or fumaric esters incorporated in its main chain.

Abstract: A process for coating a substrate is provided which includes the following steps: (a) applying a waterborne base coat composition to a surface of the substrate; (b) applying infrared radiation at a power density of 1.5–30.0 kW/m2 and a first air stream simultaneously to the base coat composition such that a pre-dried base coat is formed upon the surface of the substrate; and (c) applying a second air stream in the absence of infrared radiation to the base coat composition such that a dried base coat is formed upon the surface of the substrate. Various embodiments of the invention are disclosed including continuous, batch, and semi-batch processes, which may include additional process steps, such as subsequent application of a topcoat. The process may be used to coat a variety of metal and polymeric substrates, for example, those associated with the body of a motor vehicle.

Abstract: A coating material curable thermally and with actinic radiation, comprising at least one constituent (a1) containing at least two functional groups (a11) which serve for crosslinking with actinic radiation, and if desired at least one functional group (a12) which is able to undergo thermal crosslinking reactions with a complementary functional group (a22) in the constituent (a2), and at least one constituent (a2) containing at least two functional groups (a21) which serve for crosslinking with actinic radiation, and at least one functional group (a22) which is able to undergo thermal crosslinking reactions with a complementary functional group (a12) in the constituent (a1), and also, if desired, comprising at least one photoinitiator (a3), at least one thermal crosslinking initiator (a4), at least one reactive diluent curable thermally and/or with actinic radiation (a5), at least one coatings additive (a6), and/or at least one thermally curable constituent (a7), with the proviso that the coating material cont

Abstract: A wet-on-wet process for producing multicoat color and/or effect coating systems is disclosed. The process involves using aqueous functional coating materials comprising (A) at least one crosslinkable binder, (B) at least one separate, water-soluble and/or -dispersible crosslinking system which independently effects partial or complete crosslinking in and/or on the matrix of the wet, drying and/or dried films (2) of the aqueous functional coating materials before the binders (A) crosslink completely; and (C) at least one pigment.

Abstract: A process for the production of coatings having scratch-resistant durable surfaces, in which there is used a photocurable formulation comprising a surface-active photoinitiator, concentrated at the surface of the formulation, of formula (Ia) or (Ib), wherein R and R3 are, for example, a radical of formula (II); R1 is, for example, hydrogen, A1-X1- or a radical of formula (II); R2 is, for example, unsubstituted or substituted C1-C12alkyl or A2-X2-; R4 is, for example, hydrogen or A4-X4-; R5 is, for example, hydrogen or A5-X5- or is a radical of formula (II); R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 are each independently of the others, for example, hydrogen, A-X- , A3-X3- or C1-C12alkyl; A, A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 are each independently of the others, for example, a surface-active radical of formula (III); n is a number from 1 to 1000, m is a number from 0 to 100; p is a number from 0 to 10 000; R18, R19, R20, R21, G1 and G2 are, for example, C1-C18alkyl; and X, X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 are, for example, a single bond.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing a color filter which has pixels formed by an ink-jet printing method and also has superior heat resistance and solvent resistance, especially heat resistance. This method comprises forming pixels on a transparent substrate using a colored composition containing (a) an amino resin having a carboxyl group and/or a phenolic hydroxyl group and (b) a coloring material by an ink-jet printing method, followed by curing the pixels.

Abstract: Compounds of formula Ia, Ib and Ic, (Ic), in which R, R1 and R2 are e.g. phenyl, naphthyl, anthracyl, phenanthryl or a heterocyclic radical, are suitable as photoinitiators which accumulate at the surface of coatings.

Abstract: An improved protective coating, for parking meters or other equipment that is subject to environmental deterioration and/or vandalism, having thereon at least a three layer coating of a composite thickness sufficiently thick to avoid pinholes and sufficiently thin to avoid crazing and cracking due to variations in the ambient environment. The coating has a conventional lower layer of zinc on or proximate to the equipment surface (in the alternative the substrate may be a zinc part); a second layer of a thermosetting polymer that has been applied by a powder coating electrostatic method, and a third, top, coating of an epoxysiloxane polymer. The total coating thickness should preferably not exceed about 6 mils.

Abstract: A method for forming an anti-glaring and anti-reflecting film is disclosed in this invention. According to this invention, an anti-glaring and anti-reflecting film can be produced by a single coating process. Therefore, according to this invention, the manufacture of the anti-glaring and anti-reflecting film can be simplified, and the yield thereof can be improved. Preferably, the anti-glaring and anti-reflecting film of this invention further comprises the functions of anti-fouling and hard-coating. Accordingly, the design of this invention can provide a more powerful anti-glaring and anti-reflecting film.

Abstract: An optical fiber is prepared by applying a liquid electron beam-curable resin composition to a bare optical fiber or a coated optical fiber having a primary or secondary coating on a bare optical fiber, irradiating electron beams to the resin composition on the optical fiber for curing while the optical fiber passes a zone under substantially atmospheric pressure, and providing a magnetic field and optionally an electric field in the zone for thereby improving the efficiency of electron irradiation. The method can comply with the increased drawing speed of the bare optical fiber and does not detract from the transmission properties of the optical fiber.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for producing a high gloss coating on a printed surface. In the present method, an aqueous coating composition is deposited onto a surface to be printed using a blanket roller coating face which is a low energy, non-stick, smooth surface profile. In the present method, simultaneous with the deposition of aqueous coating onto a substrate, or shortly thereafter, pressure either alone or in combination with heat may be applied to the coating in order to create a substantially tack-free surface conforming to the surface of the coating face. By using a highly polished coating face, high gloss coatings may be readily obtained using this methodology in a number of traditional printing techniques including wet trap inline sheet-fed printing, heat-set offset printing, dry trap inline flexographic printing, offset web-fed printing and gravure printing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for coating a metal surface with an aqueous composition, characterized in that the composition contains, in addition to water: a) at least one organic film former that contains at least one water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer with an acid number ranging from 5 to 200, b) at least one particulate inorganic compound with an average particle diameter measured by a scanning electron microscope in the range of from 0.005 to 0.3?, c) at least one slip additive and/or at least one corrosion inhibitor, d) optionally at least one organic solvent, e) optionally at least one silane and/or siloxane, f) optionally at least one cross-linking agent, and g) optionally at least one chromium (VI) compound. The clean metal surface is contacted with the aqueous composition and a particle-containing film is formed on the metal surface which is then dried. The dried and optionally also cured film has a layer thickness ranging from 0.01 to 10 ?m.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a golf ball core that has hardness gradients created in its outer skin by the application of high temperatures from infrared radiation. The outer 0.001 to 0.040 inches of the core has a different hardness than the rest of the core. The skin can either be harder or softer than the rest of the core. The core can be compounded by materials that will only be reactive at temperatures produced by infrared radiation.

Abstract: Thin lubricant films are prepared on optical and magnetic substrates by applying a lubricant having at least one UV polymerizable group onto the substrate and polymerizing the lubricant by UV irradiation at elevated temperatures. Embodiments include applying a lubricant having at least two acrylate groups onto a magnetic recording disc, heating the magnetic recording disc from about 50° C. to about 150° C. and exposing the lubricant to UV radiation substantially free of wavelengths of 200 nm or less.

Abstract: A repair coating method which comprises coating a photocurable processing composition (I) onto a damaged area of a substrate to form a processed layer, followed by coating a colored base coating composition (II) onto the processed layer to form a colored base layer, and coating a photocurable clear composition (III) onto the colored base layer to form a clear layer.

Abstract: A method of coating a substrate comprises the steps of applying a coating composition to selected areas of the substrate. The coating composition comprises a mixture including at least a reactive part. The reactive part comprises between 30% and 100% multi-functional material, and is photoinitiator free. The coated substrate is exposed, in a curing zone, to ultra-violet light from at least one lamp which has a power output of at least 140 watts per linear centimeter. The ultra-violet light initiates curing of the coating. A substantially inert atmosphere is maintained in the curing zone where the substrate is exposed to the ultra-violet light.

Abstract: A poled polymer material is formed on the surface of a substrate by poling a nonlinear optical reactant during a plasma polymerizing deposition of the reactant onto the surface. The substrate is fixed between the positive plasma-generating and ground electrodes in an air-evacuated chamber so that the substrate electrically floats relative to the electrodes. This arrangement permits the application of an electrostatic poling field to the depositing polymer material while the plasma excitation power is maintained. The electrostatic poling field is produced by the application of a dc voltage to poling electrodes that can be arranged in various configurations relative to the substrate.

Abstract: Reactive compositions which consist of or comprise (A) at least one polyisocyanate whose isocyanate groups have been partly or fully blocked with propargyl alcohol, (B) at least one constituent which contains on average at least two isocyanate-reactive functional groups in the molecule, and (C) at least one catalyst which catalyzes the addition reaction of the isocyanate-reactive functional groups of (B) with the acetylenically unsaturated triple bond of the propargyl groups, and their use as coating materials, adhesives, and sealing compounds.

Abstract: A process for the production of coatings having scratch-resistant durable surfaces, in which there is used a photocurable formulation comprising a surface-active photoinitiator, concentrated at the surface of the formulation, of formula (Ia) or (Ib), wherein R and R3 are, for example, a radical of formula (II); R1 is, for example, hydrogen, A1-X1— or a radical of formula (II); R2 is, for example, unsubstituted or substituted C1-C12alkyl or A2-X2—; R4 is, for example, hydrogen or A4-X4—; R5 is, for example, hydrogen or A5-X5— or is a radical of formula (II); R5, R7, R8, R9 and R10 are each independently of the others, for example, hydrogen, A-X—, A3-X3— or C1-C12alkyl; A, A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 are each independently of the others, for example, a surface-active radical of formula (III); n is a number from 1 to 1000, m is a number from 0 to 100; p is a number from 0 to 10 000; R18, R19, R20, R21, G1 and G2 are, for example, C1-C18alkyl; and X, X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 are, for ex

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing high-density polyidimide (HPI) films and its production equipment. The production equipment comprises a raw material supplying means, a vacuum cavity, an energy supplier, a clad laminator, and a baked solidified polymer. The foregoing components constitutes the production equipment, using the monomer with the CONH bond or copolymer as raw materials to extract the unsaturated C═N bond by heat, electrons, light, radiation rays or ions as energy under low-pressure environment, so that the H in vacuum can extract the non-solidified HPI film from the electronic radical covalent polymers and via heat or light to rearrange the structure into a solidified HPI film. By means of the method according to the present invention, the original HPI that is not easily to produce as a film can be easily made in form of a film of HPI polymer on the clad laminator.

Abstract: Radiation curable coating compositions that are solventless homogeneous blends of a 1,2-polybutadiene oligomer, an acrylated bis-phenol-A derivative, and reactive compatible compounds are disclosed. Such solventless coatings can be used in a variety of applications, including the high speed coating of metal coil.

Abstract: The use of a copolymer (A) preparable by free-radical polymerization of a) at least one olefinically unsaturated monomer, and b) at least one olefinically unsaturated monomer different than the olefinically unsaturated monomer (a), of the general formula I R1R2C═CR3R4  (I)  in which the radicals R1, R2, R3 and R4 each independently of one another are hydrogen atoms or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, arylalkyl or arylcycloalkyl radicals, with the proviso that at least two of the variables R1, R2, R3 and R4 are substituted or unsubstituted aryl, arylalkyl or arylcycloalkyl radicals, especially substituted or unsubstituted aryl radicals; in an aqueous medium; to produce deformable color and/or effect laminates and dry-paint films.

Abstract: To provide an apparatus and method for forming a thin-film using raw material fluid containing a film ingredient and supercritical fluid or liquid.

Abstract: An electrically conductive paste is provided in that complexes A each made up of an electrically conductive filler 1 and a heating element 3 adapted to generate heat on electromagnetic induction are compounded with a resin 5.

Abstract: Low dielectric constant films with improved elastic modulus. The method of making such coatings involves providing a porous network coating produced from a resin containing at least 2 Si—H groups where the coating has been thermally cured and has a dielectric constant in the range of from about 1.1 to about 3.5, and plasma treating the coating to convert the coating into porous silica. Plasma treatment of the network coating yields a coating with improved modulus, but with a higher dielectric constant. The coating is plasma treated for between about 15 and 120 seconds at a temperature less than or about 350° C. The plasma treated coating can optionally be annealed. Rapid thermal processing (RTP) of the plasma treated coating reduces the dielectric constant of the coating while maintaining an improved elastic modulus as compared to the initial porous coating. The annealing temperature is preferably in excess of or about 350° C., and the annealing time is preferably at least or about 120 seconds.

Abstract: In a method for the manufacture, by means of lithography, of ceramic small and micro-parts, a pre-ceramic silicon containing polymer layer is deposited on a highly temperature resistant substrate and then dried at room temperature. The layer is then exposed in an image pattern to electromagnetic radiation and the exposed layer is developed in an organic solvent to remove the non-exposed areas. The preparation is then pyrolyzed at more than 900° C. and finally sintered at a temperature of at least 1600° C. to form a ceramic structured layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A system for applying a polyurethane coating to a polyolefin floor tile, comprising a conveyor for moving the floor tile past a plurality of treatment devices, including a heater, a plasma generator, an applicator, and an ultraviolet light system. The heater and plasma generator increase the energy of the top surface of the floor tile, and the applicator applies a liquid polyurethane to the top surface while in the energized state. The ultraviolet light system then exposes the polyurethane to ultraviolet light to at least partially cure it.

Abstract: A composition which provides gas, flavor, and aroma barrier to substrates, where the composition is formed by mixing an ethylenically unsaturated acid, a bis-silane and a polyamine.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of making a polymerizable printing ink which comprises mixing a powdered polymer with a liquid composition comprising at least one polymerizable monomer or oligomer, said oligomer or monomer being polymerizable and the powdered polymer being soluble in said liquid composition at elevated temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing functional coatings with organofunctional silanes, a metal compound and difficultly volatile oxides, in which a) a hydrolytic condensation is performed, optionally in the presence of a condensation catalyst and/or additives, of the following components 1. at least one crosslinkable organofunctional silane, 2. at least one metal compound, 3. optionally at least one non-crosslinkable organofunctional silane and 4. optionally one or more difficultly volatile oxides soluble in the reaction medium; b) that to said hydrolytic condensate is added an organic, crosslinkable prepolymer; and c) the thus obtained coating solution is applied to a substrate and subsequently cured.

Abstract: A process for multi-coat lacquering by applying a coat of filler and/or other coating compounds on to a substrate and then a top coat consisting of a base coat/clear lacquer construction or of a pigmented one-coat finish, at least one of the coats in the multi-coat construction being prepared from a coating compound which is at least partially curable by high-energy radiation, and irradiating this (these) coat(s) with UV radiation and IR radiation, a UV source having a proportion of IR radiation in its emission spectrum being, used for the irradiation with UV and IR radiation and, by alternately adding a UV filter and an IR filter and/or alternately adding and removing a UV filter or an IR filter in front of the radiation source, at least two irradiation intervals being formed, during which irradiation is variously carried out with UV radiation, IR radiation or UV radiation and IR radiation simultaneously.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the fabrication of hydrophilic coatings on hydrophobic surfaces. In one embodiment, a polyethylene oxide (PEO) coating is fabricated on the surface of a polymeric material by contacting the surface with a methacrylic acid or acrylic acid monomer. The monomer first is reacted, for example by irradiation with an electron beam, to polymerize and covalently attach the monomer to the surface, to improve the hydrophilicity of the polymeric material. A coating of PEO molecules is subsequently attached to the polymer surface by hydrogen bond complexation. The PEO coating then may be covalently grafted onto the surface, for example, by irradiation grafting with an electron beam. The covalent grafting of a coating of the methacrylic or acrylic monomers to the surface greatly improves the wettability of the surface, and facilitates the covalent or non-covalent attachment of a coating of PEO to the polymer surface.

Abstract: Method of lacquering a substrate by applying a clear-lacquer coating compound to a precoated substrate or a one-coat top lacquer coating compound to an optionally precoated substrate, followed by curing, the substrate being a motor-vehicle body or parts thereof, in which the substrate is subjected, after the application of the clear-lacquer coating compound or one-coat top lacquer coating compound, optionally to a drying phase and the curing is then performed by irradiation with NIR radiation having the wavelength from 760 to 1500 nm.

Abstract: An atomic layer deposition (ALD) method, whereby an organometallic complex with a &bgr;-diketone ligand is chemically adsorbed onto a substrate and oxidized by activated oxygen radicals to deposit an atomic metal oxide layer on the substrate, uses reactive oxygen radicals generated using plasma and an organometallic complex having a &bgr;-diketone ligand as a precursor, which could not be used in a thermal ALD method using oxygen or water as an oxidizing agent, to address and solve the problem of the removal of organic substances using organometallic complexes with &bgr;-diketone ligands, thereby enabling diversification of the precursors for ALD and formation of excellent oxide films at low temperatures.

Abstract: A process of accelerating electrons with a voltage applied thereto in a vacuum, guiding the accelerated electrons into a normal-pressure atmosphere, and irradiating the electron beam (EB) onto an object. The electron beam irradiation process uses a vacuum tube-type electron beam irradiation apparatus, and with the acceleration voltage for generating an electron beam set at a value smaller than 100 kV, the electron beam is irradiated onto the object.

Abstract: Process for the radiation crosslinking of double-sided adhesive tapes, in which a backing material coated on both sides with adhesives is irradiated asymmetrically from both sides with different doses in an irradiation means.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing epoxy resin composition comprising a fluorine-containing aromatic epoxy resin having in one molecule at least one perfluoroalkyl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and preferably at least two epoxy groups, a cationic polymerization catalyst, and optionally a compatibilizing agent having an epoxy group and a fluoromethyl group is coated on discharge openings of an ink jet recording head, followed by exposure to activation energy rays in a given pattern form to form cured coatings with a desired pattern so that the discharge openings can be endowed with ink repellency.

Abstract: The invention is a method for manufacturing a surface covering product having a gloss controlled surface wearlayer coating and a curable composition used in that method. The preferred curable composition is a polymerizable coating which includes a di-isocyanate and/or isocyanurate structure, a polyester polyol, a hydroxy and acrylyl functional polyester, mono, di, or tri-functional acrylates, and a flatting agent and/or hard particulates. The preferred surface covering product is a floor covering product produced as a vinyl film that is precoated with preferably a wearlayer coating that is adhered to the vinyl film, and the surface of the film is preferably embossed.

Abstract: In the heating of a substrate in a lithographic process, temperature conditions for heating a substrate on which a resist is formed exert a large influence upon the pattern dimensions, and the pattern dimensions vary greatly in the heating from only one of the surfaces of the substrate. There is provided a substrate heating apparatus for heating a substrate before or after irradiation of light for performing a pattern by using a photosensitive material formed on a substrate or by using a material which is photosensitive to charged particles formed on the substrate. The substrate heating apparatus includes an upper heater which serves as a heat source for heating the substrate from the top surface thereof, a lower heater which serves as a heat source for heating the substrate from the bottom surface thereof, and a heat-conducting heater block provided on the lower heater, on which heater block the substrate is placed, making it possible to individually set the temperatures of the upper and lower heaters.

Abstract: A high gloss coating on a mineral substrate, such as a roof tile or floor tile, can be achieved by a method comprising: i) applying a first coating consisting of an aqueous composition comprising a film forming polymeric binder to a surface of the uncured substrate; ii) exposing said first coating to hot air or infrared, ultraviolet or microwave radiation, for sufficient time for at least the surface of said coating remote from the substrate body to form a film of polymeric binder, and iii) applying a second coating consisting of an aqueous composition comprising a film forming polymeric binder on top of the first coating. After application of the second coating, the substrate and coatings are dried and cured, for example in an oven or autoclave.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for curing polymeric materials including dental composites. Preferably, modulated light is used to control the formation of polymer chains in the polymeric material so that a cured polymeric material that has the desired physical characteristics for its intended function is formed. Formation of short chain and long chain polymers from monomers in the polymeric material is initiated and controlled by using a light source with a wavelength suitable for one or more initiators found in the polymeric material.

Abstract: A method of applying a thin film to a body comprising exposing the body to pulsed-gas cold-plasma polymerization of an unsaturated-carboxylic acid monomer thereby forming a polymer film on a surface of the body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic compound having acetylene group(s), a thin film formed by vacuum deposition polymerization using said organic compound, vacuum deposition polymerization to form said thin film, and an electroluminescence device containing said thin film. More particularly, the present invention relates to an organic compound having at least one acetylene groups, vacuum deposition polymerization in which said organic compound is deposited on the substrate and simultaneously or then polymerized by heat treatment or UV irradiation to form a polymer thin film, and an electroluminescence device using at least one layer of said thin film.

Abstract: An UV oven comprises a compact longitudinal elliptical reflector with first and second focal lines; a longitudinal small diameter bulb disposed along the first focal line that generates short wavelength UV radiation, IR radiation, visible radiation and heat to cure the coating on magnet wires or wire-like elements that are passed through the other focal line. The inside surface of the reflector is coated with material to enhance the reflectivity of the short wavelength UV, IR and visible radiation.