Abstract: Provided are a conductive layer and a method of manufacturing the same. The conductive layer is formed without, so called, a high temperature process but has suitable crystallinity, excellent transparency and excellent resistance characteristic, and the method of manufacturing the same is also provided.

Abstract: A method of processing a flexible substrate includes providing a flexible substrate having a polymerized surface; emitting an electron beam; exposing the polymerized surface to the electron beam; modifying the polymerized surface by the exposure to the electron beam; and depositing a barrier layer on the modified surface.

Abstract: A method provides a PMR transducer. In one aspect, the method includes forming a trench in an intermediate layer using reactive ion etch(es). The trench top is wider than its bottom. In this aspect, the method also includes providing a seed layer using atomic layer deposition and providing a PMR pole on the seed layer. Portion(s) of the seed layer and PMR pole reside in the trench. In another aspect, the method includes providing a mask including a trench having a top wider than its bottom. In this aspect, the method includes providing mask material in the trench, providing an intermediate layer on the mask material and removing the mask material to provide another trench in the intermediate layer. In this aspect, the method also includes providing a PMR pole in the additional trench.

Abstract: A method of depositing material onto a substrate at cryogenic temperatures using beam-induced deposition. A precursor gas is chosen from a group of compounds having a melting point that is lower than the cryogenic temperature of the substrate. Preferably the precursor gas is chosen from a group of compounds having a sticking coefficient that is between 0.5 and 0.8 at the desired cryogenic temperature. This will result in the precursor gas reaching equilibrium between precursor molecules adsorbed onto the substrate surface and precursor gas molecules desorbing from the substrate surface at the desired cryogenic temperature. Suitable precursor gases can comprise alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes. At a cryogenic temperature of between ?50° C. and ?85° C., hexane can be used as a precursor gas to deposit material; at a cryogenic temperature of between ?50° C. and ?180° C., propane can be used as a precursor gas.

Abstract: A gas separation membrane, containing: a support; and a separating layer formed on the support, the separating layer containing a resin; the separating layer containing, at the side thereof opposite to the support, a hydrophilic modification treatment surface, the hydrophilic modification treatment surface involved in a layer having a film thickness of 0.1 ?m or less, and the hydrophilic modification treatment surface provided with a surface contact angle measured by using water thereon in the range of 60 degrees or less.

Abstract: A method of forming graphene comprises supplying energy to at least a portion of an organic material monolayer disposed on a substrate. The energy is sufficient to carbonize the at least a portion of the monolayer exposed thereto to form a layer of graphene on the substrate.

Abstract: In a method for imaging a solid state substrate, a vapor is condensed to an amorphous solid water condensate layer on a surface of a solid state substrate. Then an image of at least a portion of the substrate surface is produced by scanning an electron beam along the substrate surface through the water condensate layer. The water condensate layer integrity is maintained during electron beam scanning to prevent electron-beam contamination from reaching the substrate during electron beam scanning. Then one or more regions of the layer can be locally removed by directing an electron beam at the regions. A material layer can be deposited on top of the water condensate layer and any substrate surface exposed at the one or more regions, and the water condensate layer and regions of the material layer on top of the layer can be removed, leaving a patterned material layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A method for producing a low-emissivity layer system on at least one side of the substrate includes the steps of providing the substrate, forming at least one low-emissivity layer on at least one side of the substrate by a deposition process and briefly tempering at least one deposited layer. The electromagnetic radiation used for briefly tempering a low-emissivity layer is adjusted in such a manner that the tempered layer has layer properties comparable to those of a conventionally heat-treated low-emissivity layer of a safety glass.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to improved silica-titania glass articles intended for use in EUV or other high energy reflective optic systems, and to a process for producing such improved silica-titania articles. The improved silica-titania glass articles provide a more stable surface for the coatings that are used in the making of reflective optical elements for EUV applications. The stable surface is provided by densification of at least one face of the silica-titania article, the densification being accomplished by the use accelerated ions, neutrons, electrons and photons (?-ray, X-ray or DUV lasers). After densification, the densified face of the silica-titania article can be coated with a multilayer reflective coating.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for embedding at least one layer of at least one metal trace in a silicone-containing polymer, comprising: a) applying a polymer layer on a substrate; b) thermally treating the polymer; c) irradiating at least one surface area of the polymer with a light beam emitted by an excimer laser; d) immersing the irradiated polymer in at least one autocatalytic bath containing ions of at least one metal, and metallizing the polymer; e) thermally treating the metallized polymer; f) applying a polymer layer covering the thermally treated metallized polymer; and g) thermally treating the metallized covered polymer. The present invention further provides a polymer layer comprising silicone containing oxide particles of SiO2, TiO2, Sb2O3, SnO2, Al2O3, ZnO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, talc, hydroxyapatite or mixtures thereof and at least one metal trace embedded in said polymer layer.

Abstract: A reactor includes a reactor chamber and a carbon nanotube catalyst composite layer. The reactor chamber has an inlet and an outlet. The carbon nanotube catalyst composite layer rotates in the reactor chamber, wherein the carbon nanotube catalyst composite layer defines a number of apertures, gases in the reactor chamber flow penetrate the carbon nanotube catalyst composite layer through the plurality of apertures.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a Group III nitride semiconductor of the present invention includes a sputtering step of forming a single-crystalline Group III nitride semiconductor on a substrate by a reactive sputtering method in a chamber in which a substrate and a Ga element-containing target are disposed, wherein said sputtering step includes respective substeps of: a first sputtering step of performing a film formation of the Group III nitride semiconductor while setting the temperature of the substrate to a temperature T1; and a second sputtering step of continuing the film formation of the Group III nitride semiconductor while lowering the temperature of the substrate to a temperature T2 which is lower than the temperature T1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a functional film and a method for manufacturing the same, the functional film being organically and inorganically laminated to have a desired function such as high gas barrier performance and having high adhesiveness between inorganic and organic layers. The organic layer on top of the inorganic layer contains an organic solvent; an organic compound formed of the organic layer; and a silane coupling agent with a concentration between 0.1 and 25 percentages by mass excluding the organic solvent, the organic layer uses a coating material not containing a pH controller, and the organic layer is formed through curing via a heating process after coating.

Abstract: A membrane separation culture device includes an upper structure including a vessel in which at least a portion of the bottom thereof is formed with a separation membrane having pores that allow stem cells to permeate therethrough, and a lower structure including a vessel that retains a fluid in which the membrane of the upper structure is immersed.

Abstract: Methods of dispensing a small amount of liquid onto a work piece includes in some embodiments known providing a microscopic channel for the liquid to flow from the nanodispenser. In some embodiments, dispensing the liquid includes dispensing the liquid using a nanodispenser have at least one slit extending to the tip. Some methods include controlling the rate of evaporation or the rate of liquid flow to establish an equilibrium producing a bubble of a desired size.

Abstract: Various methods are disclosed for coating or treating a substrate to enhance resistance of the substrate to at least one of cavitation and liquid impingement. One specific method may involve providing an amorphous metal composition which is able to be atomized. The amorphous metal composition may be applied as an atomized spray to a surface of the substrate via a high velocity spray operation to coat the surface. The coated surface may have at least one of a Vickers hardness number of at least about 1100 HVN, or a yield strength of at least about 700 MPa, or a thermal stability between about 600° C. and about 700° C., and is highly resistant to the effects of cavitation and/or liquid impingement.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to anti-reflective coatings comprising ordered layers of nanowires, methods to prepare the coatings, and products prepared by the methods.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing a carbon material based on an organic nanofilm using thermal evaporation, including: depositing a liquid polymer or polymer solution containing a polymer and a solvent onto a substrate, thereby forming an organic nanofilm; stabilizing the organic nanofilm so that the carbon atoms in the organic nanofilm have a cyclic arrangement; and carbonizing the stabilized organic nanofilm, thereby forming a carbon material, wherein the organic nanofilm is formed from the liquid polymer or polymer solution through a thermal evaporation process. The method provides a carbon material with a thickness, sheet resistance and surface roughness suitable for various applications and allows control thereof. In addition, the method uses a relatively inexpensive starting material, pitch, thereby reducing the overall production cost, and avoids a need for a complicated additional patterning operation, so that the carbon material is applied directly to electronic devices.

Abstract: A fluorocarbon resin composite includes a fluorocarbon resin layer on a base, in which a fluorocarbon resin constituting the fluorocarbon resin layer is crosslinked by electron beam irradiation, and the base has a desired shape obtained by machining. The fluorocarbon resin is composed of a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene, or a mixture of the tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer and polytetrafluoroethylene. A fluorocarbon resin composite, cookware, and a roller and a belt for use in office automation equipment are each produced by applying an uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin on a base, subjecting the fluorocarbon resin to electron beam irradiation in a low-oxygen atmosphere to crosslink the fluorocarbon resin while the temperature of the fluorocarbon resin is maintained at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the fluorocarbon resin, and machining the base into a desired shape.

Abstract: A bioartificial kidney equivalent and a process for producing the bioartificial kidney equivalent. The hybrid bioartificial kidney comprises human proximal and distal renal tubule cells grown on particular synthetic membranes.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for laser cladding a substrate, comprising providing the substrate; depositing a first determined variable bead width of a material along a toolpath upon the substrate; depositing a second adjacent determined variable bead width of a material along the toolpath which overlaps the first determined variable bead width of deposited material; continuing to deposit a plurality of overlapping predetermined adjacent variable bead widths of a material until a first material layer is complete; forming a second material layer by depositing a plurality of overlapping predetermined variable bead widths of a material on top of the first material layer; and continuing to deposit material layers on top of deposited material layers until the cladding is complete; wherein the variable bead width of the deposited material is controlled by a computer having a plurality of input parameters to maintain an approximately constant percent of bead width overlap.

Abstract: A method of fabricating quantum confinements is provided. The method includes depositing, using a deposition apparatus, a material layer on a substrate, where the depositing includes irradiating the layer, before a cycle, during a cycle, and/or after a cycle of the deposition to alter nucleation of quantum confinements in the material layer to control a size and/or a shape of the quantum confinements. The quantum confinements can include quantum wells, nanowires, or quantum dots. The irradiation can be in-situ or ex-situ with respect to the deposition apparatus. The irradiation can include irradiation by photons, electrons, or ions. The deposition is can include atomic layer deposition, chemical vapor deposition, MOCVD, molecular beam epitaxy, evaporation, sputtering, or pulsed-laser deposition.

Abstract: A method in one embodiment includes exposing a side of a dielectric layer to a beam of charged particles for converting an amorphous component of at least a portion of a dielectric layer to a crystalline state, wherein the side of the dielectric layer of extends between adjacent layers. Another method includes forming a dielectric overcoat on a media facing side of a plurality of thin films, the thin films having at least one transducer formed therein; and exposing at least a portion of the overcoat to a beam of charged particles for converting an amorphous component of the dielectric overcoat of the thin films to a crystalline state. Another method includes forming a thin film dielectric layer above a substrate; and exposing the dielectric layer to a beam of charged particles for converting an amorphous component of at least a portion of the dielectric layer to a crystalline state.

Abstract: A method of creating a layer of a target deposit-material, in a first target pattern, on a substrate surface. The substrate surface is placed in a vacuum and exposed to a first chemical vapor, having precursor molecules for a seed deposit-material, thereby forming a first substrate surface area that has adsorbed the precursor molecules. Then, a charged particle beam is applied to the first substrate surface area in a second target pattern, largely identical to the first target pattern thereby forming a seed layer in a third target pattern. The seed layer is exposed to a second chemical vapor, having target deposit-material precursor molecules, which are adsorbed onto the seed layer. Finally, a laser beam is applied to the seed layer and neighboring area, thereby forming a target deposit-material layer over and about the seed layer, where exposed to the laser beam.

Abstract: Nanosensors including graphene and methods of manufacturing the same. A nanosensor includes a first insulating layer in which a first nanopore is formed; a graphene layer that is disposed on the first insulating layer and having a second nanopore or a nanogap formed therein adjacent to the first nanopore; and a marker element that is disposed adjacent to the graphene layer and identifies a position of the graphene layer.

Abstract: A system and a method for providing a film having a matte finish. The system includes means for providing a coated substrate, the coated substrate comprising a first coatable material applied to a substrate, the coatable material forming a first major surface of the coated substrate; means for changing the viscosity of the first coatable material from a first viscosity to a second viscosity; a face-side roller having an outer surface positioned to contact the first major surface of the coated substrate to impart a matte finish thereon; and optionally, means for hardening the first coatable material.

Abstract: A method of forming a porous composite material in which substantially all of the pores within the composite material are small having a diameter of about 5 nm or less and with a narrow PSD is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adhesive tape for sheathing elongated goods, such as, in particular, cable looms in automobiles, its production and the use for sheathing cables, wherein the adhesive tape according to the invention comprises a carrier and a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition which is applied to at least one side of the carrier and is in the form of a dried and electron beam (EBC)-crosslinked polymeric acrylate dispersion which is built up from a) monomeric acrylates and optionally b) ethylenically unsaturated comonomers which are not acrylates, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition comprises between 15 and 100 parts by weight of a tackifier (based on the weight of the dried polymeric dispersion).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymerizable composition and to a method for coating metal surfaces, in particular steel, galvanized and alloy-galvanized steel, and also aluminum and alloys thereof, as protection against corrosion. The polymerizable composition preferably contains less than 10% by weight of portions which are not incorporated in the cured coating. In a further aspect, the invention relates to the use of the claimed composition for coating workpieces consisting of the above-mentioned metals, particularly metal surfaces in blanking lines (coil coating). The present invention therefore also comprises the use of metal surfaces, coated according to the invention, for the production of “white goods” (household appliances), automobile bodies, electronic component housings, and for the building trade and the transport sector.

Abstract: Provided is a nanocomplex comprising a core consisting of a metal; and a periphery being formed on a surface of the core to surround the core and consisting of an inorganic substance and a conductive polymer.

Abstract: A method for the production of a brake disc from a basic body (1), which has a friction ring surface (2). The method includes the steps of the provision of the basic body (1) and the roughening of the friction ring surface (2) by directing an electron beam (5) at the friction ring surface (2). A defined quantity of recesses (3) per mm2 of the friction ring surface (2) is created in the friction ring surface (2). The arrangement of the recesses (3) with respect to one another is predetermined and each recess (3) has a predetermined depth and shape. Then a coating (4) is applied to the friction ring surface without the implementation of an chemical etching step. Furthermore, the invention discloses a corresponding brake disc.

Abstract: An article may be fabricated by coupling a thermoplastic to a bonding interface layer, and applying a coating layer to the surface of the bonding interface layer. A bonding interface layer may comprise catalytic nanoparticles embedded within and/or encapsulated by one or more radiatively unstable polymers. Application of ionizing radiation to the article may release a catalyst at the bonding interface. Application of heat and/or stress to the article may enhance catalytic degradation of the remaining bonding interface and uncoupling of the thermoplastic from the coating layer. Embodiments of methods, compositions, articles and/or systems may be disclosed.

Abstract: A method for forming an at least partially crystalline alumina film includes providing a substrate, and depositing alumina onto the substrate at an ambient temperature to form the at least partially crystalline alumina film.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wiping member (10) comprising an elastomer-based material, a coating being provided on at least part of an external surface of the material. At least part of the surface of the assembly formed by the elastomer-based material and the coating has an increased degree of cross-linking over at least one surface thickness of the assembly. The invention also relates to a windshield wiper blade and to a method for treating a wiping member.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a component having increased thermal conductivity through layer-by-layer construction. At least one section of the component is constructed by applying a layer section having predetermined dimensions of a composite material of a metal and/or a metal alloy and particles of a highly heat-conducting material, including diamond and/or cubic boron nitride, in a predetermined area on a base layer by melting the metal or the metal alloy a heat source, in such a way that the metal and/or metal alloy form(s) within the predetermined dimensions a cohesive matrix, in which particles of the highly heat-conducting material are embedded, and then cooling.

Abstract: To provide a charging member that can not easily cause faulty cleaning on a photosensitive member while having a flexibility high enough to form a nip between it and the photosensitive member in a sufficient width. The charging member has an electro-conductive support and an elastic layer that is a surface layer, which elastic layer has at its surface a region having been cured by irradiation with electron rays, where this region supports spherical polyethylene particles in such a state that the spherical polyethylene particles are exposed to the surface of the elastic layer, thereby making the surface roughened.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to production of photoelectric grade films or cells from semiconductor powders or dust. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for producing a photoelectric grade film from a semiconductor powder. The method includes providing a substrate, coating the substrate with a layer of the semiconductor powder and moving the substrate with the layer of the semiconductor powder under an energy source at a predefined rate, wherein the predefined rate is sufficient to melt the semiconductor powder by the energy source and to cool the substrate such that substantially all impurities are moved to an edge of the substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a sample preparation method, including: processing a sample by an ion beam, thereby forming a thin film portion having a thickness that allows an electron beam to transmit therethrough; supplying deposition gas to the thin film portion; and irradiating the thin film portion with the electron beam, thereby forming a deposition film on a front surface of the thin film portion and a deposition film on a rear surface of the thin film portion opposed to the front surface.

Abstract: A graphene-coated steel sheet and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The graphene-coated steel sheet includes a steel sheet and a graphene layer formed on the steel sheet. Therefore, the graphene-coated steel sheet can be useful in preventing corrosion of iron, such as oxidation of iron, and has remarkably excellent thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, as well as excellent heat resistance resulting from thermal stability of graphene. Also, the method can be useful in manufacturing a high-quality graphene-coated steel sheet having a monocrystalline form and showing substantially no defects or impurities.

Abstract: Providing a mold and a manufacturing method therefor wherein protrusions are easy to be pressed into a resin base material and the protrusions are easy to be pulled out from the resin base material. The present invention provides a mold comprising a stamping surface (1a) formed depending on a via pattern and a protruding portion (21, 22) formed in convex shape from the stamping surface (1a), wherein the protruding portion has a base portion (111, 121) merging into a main surface of the stamping surface (1a) to have a curvature and a slope portion (113, 123) progressively decreasing in outer diameter thereof from the base portion (111, 121) to a top portion (112, 122) of the protruding portion (21, 22).

Abstract: A formulation comprising a first organosilane precursor and a halogenation reagent wherein at least a portion or all of the halogenation reagent reacts to provide the second organosilane precursor. Methods of generating such formulation in situ from readily available pure materials are also provided. Further provided are methods of using the formulations as the precursor for a flowable vapor deposition process.

Abstract: A composition for forming an aluminum-containing film includes an organic solvent, and an organic aluminum compound. The organic aluminum compound has a structure represented by a general formula (1). In the general formula (1), each of R1 to R6 is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, each of R1s, R2s, R3s, R4s, R5s and R6s is identical or different, and optionally each of R1s, R2s, R3s, R4s, R5s or R6s is linked to one another.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously forming a thin-film layer of organic or inorganic functional material on one or both sides of a flexible substrate via plasma enhanced vacuum vapour deposition.

Abstract: A method for attaching a frozen specimen to a manipulator probe tip typically inside a charged-particle beam microscope. The method comprises cooling the probe tip to a temperature at or below that of the frozen specimen, where the temperature of the frozen specimen is preferably at or below the vitrification temperature of water; bringing the probe tip into contact with the frozen specimen, and bonding the probe tip to the frozen specimen by flowing water vapor onto the region of contact between the probe tip and the frozen specimen. The bonded probe tip and specimen may be moved to a support structure such as a TEM grid and bonded to it by similar means. The probe tip can then be disconnected by heating the probe tip or applying a charged-particle beam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radiation-curable antimicrobial coating composition, to a process for preparation thereof, and to the use thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for modifying wettability of a surface of an inorganic material, the method comprising the steps of: preparing an inorganic material with a surface; and charging the surface of the inorganic material with positive surface charges obtained from photoelectron-emission by an X-ray irradiation to the surface of the inorganic material.

Abstract: Provided are an anti-static and anti-microbial surface treatment agent including a quaternary ammonium salt compound as an active ingredient and a method of preventing a polymer fiber from developing static electricity by using the surface treatment agent. The quaternary ammonium salt compound has excellent anti-static and anti-microbial effects for the prevention or improvement of static electricity in a polymer fiber. Accordingly, the quaternary ammonium salt compound is suitable for use as a fabric softener, or an anti-static agent, and also, provides anti-microbial effects to a polymer fiber.

Abstract: A method of forming a photocatalyst device includes depositing a layer of UV photocatalyst and depositing islands of a sequestering agent on a surface of the layer of the UV photocatalyst.

Abstract: Electrowetting devices coated with one or more polymeric layers and methods of making and using thereof are described herein. The coatings may be formed in a single layer or as multiple layers. In one embodiment the first layer deposited serves as an insulating layer of high dielectric strength while the second layer deposited serves as a hydrophobic layer of low surface energy. These materials may themselves be deposited as multiple layers to eliminate pinhole defects and maximize device yield. In one embodiment the insulating layer would be a vapor deposited silicone polymeric material including, but not limited to, polytrivinyltrimethylcyclotrisiloxane or polyHVDS. In another embodiment the insulating layer may be a vapor deposited ceramic such as SiO2 with very little carbon content. In a further embodiment the insulating layer may be composed of alternating layers of a siloxane material and a ceramic material.

Abstract: A composite sheet is manufactured by depositing a multi-layer coating on the outer surface of a substrate, the coating comprising a metal layer and an outer polymeric layer formed from a precursor comprising a composition capable of being polymerized and/or cross-linked by free-radical processes. After the precursor is applied, the composite sheet is exposed to beam radiation and ozone, which both promote conversion of the precursor. The function of the cured polymeric layer includes protecting the metal layer from corrosion. The use of both beam radiation and ozone promotes substantially full conversion and curing of the precursor, even in portions of the substrate that are geometrically shadowed from incident beam radiation.