Abstract: Electrically conductive polymeric compositions adapted for use in forming electronic devices are disclosed. The compositions are thermally curable at temperatures less than about 250° C. Compositions are provided which may be solvent-free and so can be used in processing or manufacturing operations without solvent recovery concerns. Core-shell conductive particles provide the conductivity of the compositions and devices contemplated herein.

Abstract: Fabrication of a solar cell using a printed contact mask. The contact mask may include dots formed by inkjet printing. The dots may be formed in openings between dielectric layers (e.g., polyimide). Intersections of overlapping dots may form gaps that define contact regions. The spacing of the gaps may be dictated by the alignment of nozzles that dispense the dots. Using the dots as a contact mask, an underlying dielectric layer may be etched to form the contact regions through the underlying dielectric layer. Metal contact fingers may be formed over the wafer to form electrical connections to corresponding diffusion regions through the contact regions.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a light extraction substrate for an OLE) by which the flatness of the light extraction substrate for an OLED can be increased. Particles of a first metal oxide and a sol of a second metal oxide are inputted and mixed into an organic solvent. A base substrate is coated with a mixture of the first and second metal oxides and the organic solvent. A resultant coating film on the base substrate is heat-treated. The coating film is coated with the second metal oxide to form a metal oxide thin film on the base substrate. In the metal oxide thin film, the particles of the first metal oxide are impregnated in a matrix of the second metal oxide.

Abstract: A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member has a charge transporting layer, including preparing a first solution containing a specified first liquid, a charge transporting substance and a binder resin, preparing a second solution containing a specified second liquid and water, preparing an emulsion from the first and second solutions, forming the emulsion coating, and heating the coat to form the charge transporting layer, and a method for producing an organic device has a charge transporting layer, including preparing a first solution containing a specified first liquid and a charge transporting substance, preparing a second solution containing a specified second liquid and water, preparing an emulsion from the first and second solutions, forming the emulsion coating, and heating the coat to form the charge transporting layer are used.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a graphene thin film by reducing graphene oxide and a method for fabricating an optoelectronic device using the same are provided. The method for fabricating a graphene thin film includes preparing graphene oxide; preparing graphene through reducing the graphene oxide by a sulfonyl hydrazide-based reducing agent; preparing a graphene dispersed solution by dispersing the graphene into an organic solvent; and fabricating a graphene thin film by applying the graphene dispersed solution. The sulfonyl hydrazide-based reducing agent may be a compound having a sulfonyl hydrazide substituent of Chemical Formula 1 in the present disclosure in which A may be any one in Chemical Formula 2 in the present disclosure.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an apparatus of manufacturing a radiation detection panel, includes an evaporation source configured to evaporate a scintillator material and emit the scintillator material vertically upward, a holding mechanism located vertically above the evaporation source, and holding a photoelectric conversion substrate, and a heat conductor arranged opposite to the holding mechanism with a gap.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer molecular film, a photo-electronic element comprising the same and method for manufacturing the same. The polymer molecular film of the invention is formed via a deformation process on a substrate. Particularly, the polymer molecular film includes a plurality of conjugated polymers, therein at least one of the conjugated polymers has a stretched molecular structure. As a result, the photo-electronic element having said polymer molecular film performs with good lighting or power generating efficiency.

Abstract: A method of disordering a layer of an optoelectronic device including; growing a plurality of lower layers; introducing an isoelectronic surfactant; growing a layer; allowing the surfactant to desorb; and growing subsequent layers all performed at a low pressure of 25 torr.

Abstract: A method and composition for producing a photoactive material including photocatalytic capped colloidal nanocrystals (PCCN) and plasmonic nanoparticles are disclosed. The PCCN may include a semiconductor nanocrystal synthesis and an exchange of organic capping agents with inorganic capping agents. Additionally, the PCCN may be deposited between the plasmonic nanoparticles, and may act as photocatalysts for redox reactions. The photoactive material may be used in a plurality of photocatalytic energy conversion applications, such as water splitting and CO2 reduction. By combining different semiconductor materials for PCCN and plasmonic nanoparticles, and by changing their shapes and sizes, band gaps may be tuned to expand the range of wavelengths of sunlight usable by the photoactive material. Higher light harvesting and energy conversion efficiency may be achieved.

Abstract: Materials and methods for preparing Cu2XSnY4 nanoparticles, wherein X is Zn, Cd, Hg, Ni, Co, Mn or Fe and Y is S or Se, (CXTY) are disclosed herein. The nanoparticles can be used to make layers for use in thin film photovoltaic (PV) cells. The CXTY materials are prepared by a colloidal synthesis in the presence of labile organo-chalcogens. The organo-chalcogens serves as both a chalcogen source for the nanoparticles and as a capping ligand for the nanoparticles.

Abstract: A substrate-supported photoelectrode, which includes an essentially two-dimensional transparent conductive oxide (TCO) film supported by a substrate, wherein the film is doped with at least one element of Group III, and one or more single crystal essentially one-dimensional nanostructures that are integral with the film and grown upwardly therefrom without a boundary layer therebetween, wherein the film and the nanostructures are essentially identical in composition and include zinc oxide or a zinc oxide alloy. Methods for preparing the substrate-supported photoelectrode and solar cells incorporating the substrate-supported photoelectrode are also provided.

Abstract: For vacuum treatment of workpieces by a multitude of distinct processing stations (P11-P1n, P21-P2m) the processing stations are grouped in two groups (I and II). The workpieces are handled towards and from the processing stations of the first group (I) simultaneously, whereat the workpieces are treated by the processing stations of the second group (II) in a selectable individual sequence.

Abstract: A process for producing a light absorbing layer for thin-film solar cell that possesses a film structure having a constituent component of chalcopyrite compound (Cu(In+Ga)Se2) uniformly distributed thereinside. There is provided a process for producing a light absorbing layer, including the precursor forming step of superimposing on an Mo electrode layer, adjacent to the electrode layer, an In metal layer and a Cu—Ga alloy layer according to sputtering technique; a first selenization step of, while accommodating precursor-provided substrate in an airtight space, introducing hydrogen selenide gas in the airtight space conditioned so as to range from room temperature to 250° C.; a second selenization step of additionally introducing hydrogen selenide gas in the airtight space heated so as to range from 250° to 450° C.

Abstract: A vapor deposition apparatus, which is capable of performing a thin film deposition process and improving characteristics of a formed thin film, includes: a chamber having an exhaust opening; a stage disposed in the chamber, and comprising a mounting surface on which the substrate may be mounted; an injection unit having at least one injection opening for injecting a gas into the chamber in a direction parallel with a surface of the substrate, on which the thin film is to be formed; a guide member facing the substrate to provide a set or predetermined space between the substrate and the guide member; and a driving unit conveying the stage and the guide member.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a thin film having at least one layer of a predetermined thickness not exceeding 5 microns is provided such that the integrity of the thin film is preserved. The process for the preparation of such a thin film comprises the step of rolling at least one sheet. The step of rolling is preceded by a step of stacking at least one sheet on a substrate having a predetermined thickness. The process of stacking preferably includes the step of bonding at least one sheet to a substrate. The sheet is a metal, alloy or a combination thereof, the metal and the alloy being of metals selected from the groups IB, IIB, IIIA, IVA, IVB, VB and VIB.

Abstract: Provided are an aqueous dispersion composition, a backsheet for a photovoltaic module, a method of preparing the same, and a photovoltaic module. Since the aqueous dispersion composition includes a fluorine-based polymer, a pigment and an aqueous dispersion binder, a backsheet for a photovoltaic module using the aqueous dispersion composition is prepared without a toxic organic solvent, and thus is environmentally friendly and economical. In addition, as the aqueous dispersion binder is used, a chalking phenomenon in which the pigment projected on a surface of the backsheet is easily detached may be prevented, thereby enhancing both productivity and quality.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an image display device includes the step of forming a cured resin layer by interposing a photo-curable resin composition between a protection member and a display-side panel including an image display unit and a frame member and then photo-curing the photo-curable resin composition, with the photo-curable resin composition being disposed across between the image display unit and the frame member. In the manufacturing method, a high-viscosity resin composition having a viscosity of 3000 mPa·s or more and 12000 mPa·s or less is used as the photo-curable resin composition. Alternatively, after a gap between the image display unit and the frame member is sealed with a sealing film, a photo-curable resin composition is interposed between the display-side panel and the protection member.

Abstract: A method for forming a semiconductor bearing thin film material. The method includes providing a metal precursor and a chalcogene precursor. The method forms a mixture of material comprising the metal precursor, the chalcogene precursor and a solvent material. The mixture of material is deposited overlying a surface region of a substrate member. In a specific embodiment, the method maintains the substrate member including the mixture of material in an inert environment and subjects the mixture of material to a first thermal process to cause a reaction between the metal precursor and the chalcogene material to form a semiconductor metal chalcogenide bearing material overlying the substrate member. The method then performs a second thermal process to remove any residual solvent and forms a substantially pure semiconductor metal chalcogenide thin film material overlying the substrate member.

Abstract: A method for fabricating an IBIIIAVIA-group amorphous compound used for thin-film solar cells is provided. A mixture solution including elements of Group IB, IIIA, VIA or combinations thereof is provided. The mixture solution is heated and filtered. IBIIIAVIA-group amorphous powders are acquired after drying the heated and filtered mixture solution.

Abstract: Present invention relate to a physical/chemical sensor and a physical/chemical phenomenon sensing device that can detect minute change of surface stress and can be reduced in size and arrayed and to provide a method for manufacturing the same In the sensor of the present invention, an air-gap 3 is formed on a surface of the light receiving surface 1a of a photodiode 1. The sensor comprises a membrane section 2 which is oppositely deposited, and the air-gap is blocked air-tightly or liquid-tightly. The membrane section has optical transparency and flexibility, the membrane section and the surface of the light receiving surface form a Fabry-Perot resonator. The sensing device of the present invention comprises a reference sensor, which comprises no air-gap, in addition to the sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus for extracting a bell jar chamber from a processing station of a thin film photovoltaic material is provided. The apparatus includes a rack fixture coupled to a robot loader. The rack fixture is configured to support the bell jar chamber to be moved using the robot loader in a horizontal direction and in a vertical direction. The apparatus further includes at least two support members configured within a vicinity of an upper region of the rack fixture.

Abstract: CIGS absorber layers fabricated using coated semiconducting nanoparticles and/or quantum dots are disclosed. Core nanoparticles and/or quantum dots containing one or more elements from group 13 and/or IIIA and/or VIA may be coated with one or more layers containing elements group IB, IIIA or VIA. Using nanoparticles with a defined surface area, a layer thickness could be tuned to give the proper stoichiometric ratio, and/or crystal phase, and/or size, and/or shape. The coated nanoparticles could then be placed in a dispersant for use as an ink, paste, or paint. By appropriate coating of the core nanoparticles, the resulting coated nanoparticles can have the desired elements intermixed within the size scale of the nanoparticle, while the phase can be controlled by tuning the stoichiometry, and the stoichiometry of the coated nanoparticle may be tuned by controlling the thickness of the coating(s).

Abstract: A composition for manufacturing an electrode of a solar cell, comprising metal nanoparticles dispersed in a dispersive medium, wherein the metal nanoparticles contain silver nanoparticles of 75 weight % or more, the metal nanoparticles are chemically modified by a protective agent having a main chain of organic molecule comprising a carbon backbone of carbon number of 1 to 3, and the metal nanoparticles contains 70% or more in number-average of metal nanoparticles having a primary grain size within a range of 10 to 50 nm.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a solar cell, comprising forming a buffer layer comprising a group-III nitride semiconductor on a substrate using a sputtering method, and forming a group-III nitride semiconductor layer and electrodes on the buffer layer. The group-III nitride semiconductor layer is formed on the buffer layer by at least one selected from the group consisting of the sputtering method, a MOCVD method, an MBE method, a CBE method, and an MLE method, and the electrodes are formed on the group-III nitride semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A multi-layered film, a method of preparing the same and a photovoltaic module are provided. A barrier film having excellent moisture barrier properties can be coated with a fluoropolymer having excellent weather resistance by means of a primer layer including a silane-modified acrylic copolymer, and an interfacial adhesive strength can also be ensured. As a result, a multi-layered film having excellent durability and weather resistance and simultaneously exhibiting a high interfacial adhesive strength to the barrier film can be provided. In preparation of the multi-layered film, the manufacturing cost can also be reduced, productivity can be enhanced, and degradation of product qualities caused by thermal deformation or thermal shock can be prevented. Therefore, the multi-layered film can be effectively used as a backsheet for various photovoltaic modules.

Abstract: Provided are a multi-layered film, a backsheet for a photovoltaic cell, a method of forming the same and a photovoltaic module. The multi-layered film may include a primer layer and a fluoropolymer coating layer formed by coating, and thus the fluoropolymer coating layer, which is a surface layer, may have excellent durability and weather resistance due to an inter-diffusion effect between materials in the respective layers, and a high interface adhesive strength with a substrate and the primer layer. In addition, in the preparation of the multi-layered film, a production cost may be reduced, productivity may be increased, and degradation in quality of a product caused by thermal transformation or heat shock may be prevented. The multi-layered film may be effectively used as a backsheet for various photovoltaic modules.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer molecular film, a photo-electronic element comprising the same and method for manufacturing the same. The polymer molecular film of the invention is formed via a deformation process on a substrate. Particularly, the polymer molecular film includes a plurality of conjugated polymers, therein at least one of the conjugated polymers has a stretched molecular structure. As a result, the photo-electronic element having said polymer molecular film performs with good lighting or power generating efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a transparent conductive film including a conductive layer having different thicknesses so as to increase the optical transmittance while maintaining the conductivity of the transparent conductive film. The present invention also pertains to a process for the preparation of the above-mentioned transparent conductive film.

Abstract: A layered, positively-charged electrophotographic photoreceptor, a method for manufacturing the photoreceptor and an electrophotographic apparatus using the photoreceptor are disclosed. The layered, positively-charged electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive support on which is provided a sequential stack composed of a charge transport layer containing at least a first hole transport material and a first binder resin; and a charge generation layer containing at least a charge generation material, a second hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a second binder resin, wherein the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer have a total amount of residual solvents that is 50 ?g/cm2 or less. The photoreceptor is highly sensitive, highly durable, and has excellent image qualities including low image defects from cracks generated due to image memory or contact contamination.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor material of a photovoltaic device that includes providing a surface of a hydrogenated amorphous silicon containing material, and annealing the hydrogenated amorphous silicon containing material in a deuterium containing atmosphere. Deuterium from the deuterium-containing atmosphere is introduced to the lattice of the hydrogenated amorphous silicon containing material through the surface of the hydrogenated amorphous silicon containing material. In some embodiments, the deuterium that is introduced to the lattice of the hydrogenated amorphous silicon containing material increases the stability of the hydrogenated amorphous silicon containing material.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a semi-conductive substrate, a doping layer, an anti-reflection layer, an electrode, a passivation stacked layer and a contact layer. The semi-conductive substrate has a front and a back surface. The doping layer is disposed on the front surface. The anti-reflection layer is disposed on the doping layer. The electrode is disposed on the anti-reflection layer and electrically connected to the doping layer. The passivation stacked layer is disposed on the back surface and has a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer and a middle dielectric layer sandwiched between the first and the second dielectric layer. The dielectric constant of the middle dielectric layer is substantially lower than the dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer and the dielectric constant of the second dielectric layer. The contact layer covers the passivation stacked layer and electrically contacts with the back surface of the semi-conductive substrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for making an electrode material of lithium-ion batteries. In the method, a carbon source compound is dissolved into a solvent to form a liquid phase solution. A number of titanium dioxide particles are provided and are dispersed into the liquid phase solution. The carbon source compound is pyrolyzed, thereby forming a number of carbon coating titanium dioxide particles. A lithium source solution is provided. The lithium source solution and the carbon coating titanium dioxide particles are mixed, according to a molar ratio in a range from about 4:5 to about 9:10, of lithium element to titanium element, thereby forming a sol. The sol is spray dried to form a number of precursor particles. The precursor particles are heated to form a lithium titanate composite electrode material.

Abstract: Monovalent copper plating baths are used to metallize current tracks of the front side or emitter side of semiconductor wafers. Copper is selectively deposited on the current tracks by electrolytic plating or LIP. Additional metallization of the current tracks may be done using conventional metal plating baths. The metalized semiconductors may be used in the manufacture of photovoltaic devices.

Abstract: A method of forming a thin film includes coating one side of a transferring stamp including a hydrophilic polymer layer with a hydrophilic solution to form a transfer layer, and transferring the transfer layer to the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas barrier film which has both high gas barrier performance and high cracking (bending) resistance. Specifically disclosed is a gas barrier film which comprises, on a substrate in the following order, at least one silanol-containing layer and at least one gas barrier layer that contains silicon atoms and hydrogen atoms. The gas barrier film is characterized in that the relative SiOH ion strength in the central part of the silanol-containing layer in the film thickness direction as detected by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (Tof-SIMS) is 0.02-1.0 when the relative Si ion strength is taken as 1. Also disclosed is an organic photoelectric conversion element which comprises the gas barrier film.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal contact structure of a photovoltaic solar cell, including: applying an electrically non-conductive insulating layer to a semiconductor substrate, applying a metal contact layer to the insulating layer, and generating a plurality of local electrically conductive connections between the semiconductor substrate and the contact layer right through the insulating layer. The metal contact layer is formed using two pastes containing metal particles: the first paste containing metal particles is applied to local regions, and the second paste containing metal particles is applied covering at least the regions covered with the first paste and partial regions located therebetween.

Abstract: Solar cells are provided with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which are used: to define a micron/sub-micron geometry of the solar cells; and/or as charge transporters for efficiently removing charge carriers from the absorber layer to reduce the rate of electron-hole recombination in the absorber layer. A solar cell may comprise: a substrate; a multiplicity of areas of metal catalyst on the surface of the substrate; a multiplicity of carbon nanotube bundles formed on the multiplicity of areas of metal catalyst, each bundle including carbon nanotubes aligned roughly perpendicular to the surface of the substrate; and a photoactive solar cell layer formed over the carbon nanotube bundles and exposed surfaces of the substrate, wherein the photoactive solar cell layer is continuous over the carbon nanotube bundles and the exposed surfaces of the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to surface enhancements for composite mouldings made from polymeric materials and to the use thereof in solar systems. These solar systems may be solar reflectors for concentrating solar radiation, flexible photovoltaic composite films, or CPV (Concentrated Photovoltaics) lenses for concentrating solar radiation. The surface enhancement comprises a self-healing coating based on crosslinkable fluoropolymers, e.g. PFEVE (polyfluoroethylene alkylvinyl ethers). These coatings exhibit good optical properties, can be used in outdoor applications, more particularly in solar applications, over very long periods of time, exhibit self-cleaning properties, and in particular are self-healing in relation to mechanical damage—such as scratching.

Abstract: A single-lens solar module includes solar cells that convert solar radiation into electrical energy, a glass slab, and a single-layer holographic lens formed directly on the glass slab and separated by a distance from the solar cells. The lens is adapted to selectively deflect a first light component comprising visible light and excluding non-visible light, and to concentrate the first component of light onto the solar cells.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and compositions for an organic nanofiber-based heterojunction material, comprising nano fibers of an acceptor molecule, the nano fibers coated with a donor molecule, where the acceptor molecule contains a group and the donor molecule contains a companion group, wherein the group and companion group enables strong binding between the acceptor molecule and donor molecule, the strong binding providing for efficient forward electron transfer between the acceptor molecule and donor molecule, and wherein the group and companion group minimize charge carrier recombination between the acceptor molecule and the donor molecule.

Abstract: A solar cell protective sheet comprising a polyester support having a thickness of from 145 ?m to 300 ?m, a thermal shrinkage in an in-plane first direction after aged at 150° C. for 30 minutes of from 0.2 to 1.0% and a thermal shrinkage in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of from ?0.3 to 0.5%, and a polymer layer arranged on the polyester support and having a residual solvent amount of at most 0.1% by mass, is excellent in adhesiveness between the polyester support and the functional layer formed thereon by water-based coating and can maintain a good shape when kept in a high-temperature high-humidity environment.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to the double complex salts in optoelectronic components, like organic diodes, organic transistors or organic lasers, in particular an organic solar cell (OSC, OPP) and in particular from oligomers built from charged metal complexes.

Abstract: Process and apparatus are generally provided for forming a thin film photovoltaic device. In one particular embodiment, the process includes: depositing a photovoltaic absorber layer on a glass substrate; heating the glass substrate to an anneal temperature; and quenching the glass substrate to cool the glass substrate to a quenched temperature in less than 10 seconds. The quenched temperature can be about 85° C. to about 200° C. less than the anneal temperature. The quenching atmosphere can have a quenching pressure of about 1 torr or more and can include an inert gas.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds, polymeric compounds, and compositions used to prepare semiconductor and optoelectronic materials and devices including thin film and band gap materials. This invention provides a range of compounds, polymeric compounds, compositions, materials and methods directed ultimately toward photovoltaic applications, transparent conductive materials, as well as devices and systems for energy conversion, including solar cells. In particular, this invention relates to polymeric precursor compounds and precursor materials for preparing photovoltaic layers. A compound may contain repeating units {MB(ER)(ER)} and {MB(ER)(ER)}, wherein MA is Ag, each MB is In or Ga, each E is S, Se, or Te, and each R is independently selected, for each occurrence, from alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl, amido, silyl, and inorganic and organic ligands.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a substrate having an N-region and a P-region, a first anti-reflective layer disposed on the substrate, a metallic contact disposed on the first anti-reflective layer, a second anti-reflective layer disposed on the first anti-reflective layer and the metallic contact, and a region partially defined by the first anti-reflective layer and the second anti-reflective layer having diffused metallic contact material operative to form a conductive path to the substrate through the first anti-reflective layer, the metallic contact, and the second anti-reflective layer.

Abstract: Processes for making a photovoltaic layer on a substrate by depositing a first layer of an ink onto the substrate, wherein the ink contains one or more compounds having the formula MB(ER)3, wherein MB is In, Ga, or Al, E is S or Se, and depositing a second layer of one or more copper chalcogenides or a CIGS material.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds and compositions used to prepare semiconductor and optoelectronic materials and devices. This invention provides a range of compounds, compositions, materials and methods directed ultimately toward photovoltaic applications, as well as devices and systems for energy conversion, including solar cells. In particular, this invention relates to molecular precursor compounds, precursor materials and methods for preparing photovoltaic layers and thin films thereof.

Abstract: A solvent composition comprising an organic solvent; dispersed nanoparticles; and a non-volatile electrolyte is provided. A method of forming a liquid composite composition is provided.

Abstract: A pattern forming method using printing device and method of manufacturing LCD device using the same is disclosed, which uses a cleaning dry film to remove a pattern material from a printing plate, the printing device comprising a printing roller coated with a pattern material; a printing plate including embossing and depressed patterns for patterning the pattern material of the printing roller; a substrate to which the pattern material on the embossing patterns of the printing roller is transcribed; and a cleaning unit, for removing the pattern material from the printing plate, provided with a film-supplying roller, a cleaning roller and a film-collecting roller combined with one another by one cleaning dry film.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a light extraction substrate for an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with which the scattering distribution of light that is emitted from the OLED can be artificially controlled. The method includes the step of forming a light extraction layer by depositing an inorganic oxide at least twice on a base substrate, thereby controlling a structure of a texture formed on a surface of the light extraction layer.