Abstract: Electrochemical structures with a protective interlayer for prevention of deleterious reactions between an active metal electrode and polymer electrolytes, and methods for their fabrication. The structures may be incorporated in battery cells. The interlayer is capable of protecting an active metal anode and a polymer electrolyte from deleterious reaction with one another while providing a high level of ionic conductivity to enhance performance of a battery cell in which the structure is incorporated. The interlayer has a high ionic conductivity, at least 10?7 S/cm, generally at least 10?6 S/cm, and as high as 10?3 S/cm or higher. The interlayer may be composed, in whole or in part, of active metal nitrides, active metal phosphides or active metal halides. These materials may be applied preformed, or they may be formed in situ by conversion of applied precursors on contact with the active metal anode material.

Abstract: An interdigitated microelectrode (2) comprising a substrate (4), a first layer (6) of a first metal on the substrate (4), and a second layer (8) of a second metal on the substrate (4), the first layer (6) comprising a plurality of line microelectrodes (10) which are connected at a first end (12) and are not connected at a second end (14), the second layer (8) comprising a plurality of line microelectrodes (16) which are connected at a first end (18) and are not connected at a second end (20), the line microelectrodes (10) of the first layer (6) and the line microelectrodes (16) of the second layer (8) being such that they extend into each other but do not touch each other thereby to form an interdigititated microelectrode array (22), and the first metal being different from the second metal. A process for producing the interdigitated microelectrode (2) is also disclosed.

Abstract: A battery electrode, includes: a collector; and an active material layer formed on a surface of the collector and including: an active material, and a conductive additive having a bulk density which is gradually decreased in a direction from a collector side of the active material layer to a surface side of the active material layer.

Abstract: A carbon nano-tube CNT thin film and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. In detail, the CNT thin film comprises a plastic substrate; and a CNT composition being coated over the plastic substrate, in which the CNT composition includes a CNT; and an amine compound of boiling point lower than 150° C. used as a dispersion solvent. When the CNT composition is coated over the plastic substrate, an amine compound is contained in its dispersion liquid. This amine compound is then removed after the CNT composition is coated over the plastic substrate.

Abstract: An electrochemical device includes a first electrode in electrical communication with a first current collector, a second electrode in electrical communication with a second current collector and a crosslinked solid polymer in contact with the first and second electrodes. At least one of the first and second electrodes includes a network of electrically connected particles comprising an electroactive material, and the particles of one electrode exert a repelling force on the other electrode when the first and second electrodes are combined with an uncrosslinked precursor to the solid polymer.

Abstract: A method for preparation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) bundles for use in field emission devices (FEDs) includes forming a plurality of carbon nanotubes on a substrate, contacting the carbon nanotubes with a polymer composition comprising a polymer and a solvent, and removing at least a portion of the solvent so as to form a solid composition from the carbon nanotubes and the polymer to form a carbon nanotube bundle having a base with a periphery, and an elevated central region where, along the periphery of the base, the carbon nanotubes slope toward the central region.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for coating metallic surfaces with an anti-corrosive composition that contains a conductive polymer and is a dispersion that contains the at least one conductive polymer mainly or entirely in particulate form, as well as a binder system. The conductive polymer is at least one polymer based on polyphenylene, polyfuran, polyimidazole, polyphenanthrene, polypyrrole, polythiophene and/or polythiophenylene charged with anti-corrosive mobile anions. Alternatively, the metallic surfaces can be first coated with a dispersion based on conductive polymers in particulate form, then coated with a composition which contains a binder system.

Abstract: Provided are methods of manufacturing carbon nanotube (CNT) paste, to which a nano-sized particle is added, and a CNT emitter with high reliability for a field emission display (FED). The method includes the steps of: (i) dispersing CNT powder in a solvent; (ii) adding an organic binder to the solution in which the CNT powder is dispersed; and (iii) performing a milling process to adjust viscosity of the dispersion solution to which the organic binder is added, wherein a nano-sized metal particle is added in step (i) or (iii). Accordingly, the nano-sized metal particle is added as a metal filler of the CNT paste, and thus a metal may be melted at a low temperature at which CNTs do not deteriorate. Thus, adhesion between the CNT paste and a cathode may be improved, and resistance between the cathode and the CNT or between CNTs may be reduced.

Abstract: An anode of a lithium battery includes a supporting member and a carbon nanotube film disposed on a surface of the support member. The carbon nanotube film includes at least two overlapped and intercrossed layers of carbon nanotubes. Each layer includes a plurality of successive carbon nanotube bundles aligned in the same direction. A method for fabricating the anode of the lithium battery includes the steps of: (a) providing an array of carbon nanotubes; (b) pulling out, by using a tool, at least two carbon nanotube films from the array of carbon nanotubes; and (c) providing a supporting member and disposing the carbon nanotube films to the supporting member along different directions and overlapping with each other to achieving the anode of lithium battery.

Abstract: A plating method of a negative electrode can of a flat alkaline cell and a plating apparatus thereof are provided, by which a plated-coating layer can be formed only in a concave of the negative electrode can, a plating liquid is not uselessly consumed, and an inner face of the negative-electrode-can can be washed with a small amount of washing liquid. An electroless plating liquid is filled into the concave of the negative electrode can so as to form a plated-coating layer on an inner face of the concave. The electroless plating liquid is recovered from the concave of the negative electrode can, then a washing liquid is filled into the concave to wash the inner face of the concave. Then, the washing liquid is recovered from the concave of the negative electrode can, and then air is filled into the concave to dry the inner face of the concave.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a transparent electrode having a carbon nanotube. The carbon nanotube powder is dispersed in a solvent to form a carbon nanotube ink. The carbon nanotube ink is coated on a substrate to prepare a carbon nanotube film. The carbon nanotube has a defect formed on a surface thereof. The defect is formed through an acid treatment process of immersing the carbon nanotube powder or the carbon nanotube film in a nitric acid, a sulfuric acid, a hydrochloric acid, a phosphoric acid, or a mixture thereof. The defect can be formed through an ultrasonic treatment process of exposing the carbon nanotube powder or the carbon nanotube film to an ultrasonic wave having a predetermined frequency and intensity.

Abstract: An highly porous electrically conducting film that includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes, nanowires or a combination of both. The highly porous electrically conducting film exhibits an electrical resistivity of less than 0.1 O·cm at 25 C and a density of between 0.05 and 0.70 g/cm3. The film can exhibit a density between 0.50 and 0.85 g/cm3 and an electrical resistivity of less than 6×1031 3 O·cm at 25 C. Also included is a method of forming these highly porous electrically conducting films by forming a composite film using carbon nanotubes or nanowires and sacrificial nanoparticles or microparticles. At least a portion of the nanoparticles or microparticles are then removed from the composite film to form the highly porous electrically conducting film.

Abstract: A process for fabricating a field emitter electrode includes: impregnating a cathode and anode in an electrolyte containing carbon nanotubes dispersed therein and applying a predetermined voltage to the cathode and anode so as to deposit carbon nanotubes on a substrate provided on the anode; recovering the substrate and applying a conductive polymer onto the surface of the substrate having carbon nanotubes deposited thereon; and heat treating the conductive polymer having carbon nanotubes deposited thereon, so as to completely cure it.

Abstract: A polymer dispersion comprising one or more proton-conducting polymer materials in a liquid medium, and an electrocatalyst ink comprising one or more electrocatalyst materials and one or more proton-conducting polymer materials in a liquid medium are disclosed. The polymer dispersion and the electrocatalyst ink further comprise a protic acid. Electrocatalyst layers, gas diffusion electrodes, catalysed membranes and membrane electrode assemblies prepared using the dispersion and/or the ink are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a diamond electrode with synthetically produced, electrically conductive (doped) diamonds. The surface has diamond particles (5) embedded in a metal or metal alloy layer so as to produce a conductive connection to the metal or metal alloy.

Abstract: Low resistivity graphite coated fibers having exfoliated and pulverized graphite platelets coated on an outer surface of electrically insulating fibers are provided. Various methods are also provided for surface coating of the graphite platelets onto the insulating fibers which are provided to increase the glass fiber surface conductivity. The graphite coated glass fibers can be used to produce reinforced composite materials. Reinforced composite materials incorporating the graphite coated fibers can be electrostatically painted without using a conductive primer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a film comprising greater than 80 wt % single-wall carbon nanotubes wherein the tensile modulus is at least about 6 GPa at 0.2% strain and the conductivity of the film is at least about 70,000 S/m. The tensile modulus is typically about 8 GPa at 0.2% strain. The method for making the film comprises preparing a solution of single-wall carbon nanotubes in a superacid, such as oleum containing approximately 20 to 30% sulfur trioxide, under a dry, oxygen-free atmosphere. The solution is placed on a surface in a moisture-containing atmosphere, wherein the solution absorbs moisture and acid leaches out. The film is washed to further remove acid, dried, and, optionally, subjected to a heat treatment. Besides free-standing films, coatings of single-wall carbon nanotubes can be made on a variety of surfaces including polymers, glass, metals, and ceramics. The surfaces can be flat planes, fibers or contour shapes.

Abstract: An object comprising a conductive body part, a layer comprising a refractory metal (e.g. tantalum), and a layer comprising a precious metal (e.g. platinum or gold). A metallurgical bond has been formed between the layers. Thereby oxidation of the refractory metal layer, and thereby passivation of the object, can be avoided even with small amounts of precious metal. This lowers the material costs while ensuring desired corrosion resistant properties. The object is suitable for an electrode to be used in a corrosive environment, in particular when a large conductivity is needed. Also a method of manufacturing the object. The metallurgical bond is provided by heating the object.

Abstract: An electron source producing apparatus for forming an electron-emission part on a conductive member disposed on a substrate in an atmosphere containing a desired gas. The apparatus includes a container for forming a hermetic atmosphere between the container and a surface of the substrate on which the conductive member is formed. The container has a gas inlet and a gas outlet. A diffusing member is for diffusing an introduced gas, and is disposed between the gas inlet and the surface of the substrate. A resisting member provides exhaust resistance, and is disposed between the gas outlet and the surface of the substrate and is separated from the gas outlet. The resisting member is disposed closer to the surface of the substrate than is the diffusing member.

Abstract: To provide an antistatic film that requires low power consumption and provides satisfactory electric contact, as a measure for preventing an insulating substrate surface having an electronic device formed thereon from being charged. The electronic device includes: an insulating substrate; a conductor; and a resistance film connected with the conductor, the conductor and the resistance film being formed on the insulating substrate, characterized in that the resistance film has a larger thickness in a connection region with the conductor than a thickness in portions other than the connection region.

Abstract: A novel process for producing an electron source substrate is disclosed for formation of electron-emitting element at high efficiency with less shape irregularity. In the process, the region for electroconductive film formation is divided into plural subregions on which an electroconductive film is formed respectively. In forming the electroconductive film by application of plural liquids, the time interval between the application of the two drops is controlled to be larger than the time length necessary for suppressing the spreading of the succeedingly applied liquid within an allowable limit.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device comprises a pair of opposing electrodes formed on a substrate, an electroconductive film having a fissure arranged between the pair of electrodes, and at least a film having a gap and containing carbon as a main ingredient, arranged at an end portion of the electroconductive film facing the fissure. The fissure is a region of 95% or more of a length in the fissure direction, has a width of from 60 nm or more to 800 nm or less, and has a difference of 300 nm or less between a maximum value and a minimum value of the width, thereby providing high withstanding voltage without forming branched fissure.

Abstract: Titanium oxide based hybrid material usable as an electrochemical sensor which is particularly sensitive for detecting chemical and biological substances, in particular substances which act as neurotransmitters. Said material may be represented by the formula: TiCxOyHz with 0.1?x?0.6, 2.0?y?3.0 and 0.1?z?0.9 and may be produced and deposited on a substrate using two techniques called: Polymeric precursor route and MOCVD (Metalorganic Chemical Vapour Deposition).

Abstract: A nano-carbon material field emission cathode plate is prepared by an oxidation-reduction reaction, which includes immersing a substrate having a first metal layer thereon in a solution of a second metal salt with a nano-carbon material dispersed therein. A difference between the two standard redox potentials of the first metal and the second metal is so great that ions of the second metal in the solution are reduced to elemental metal while the first metal is oxidized, and thus a layer of the second metal is formed on the first metal layer with the nano-carbon material partially embedded in the second metal layer.

Abstract: Provided are a cathode active material with high safety, with high discharge capacity even at high operating voltage, and with excellent cyclic charge and discharge properties, its production method and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing the cathode active material. The cathode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprises a surface-modified lithium-containing composite oxide particle, wherein the particle is a lithium-containing composite oxide particle represented by the general formula LipNxO2 (wherein N?NiyM1-y-zLz, M contains at least one element selected from Co and Mn, L is an element selected from alkaline earth metal elements, aluminum and transition metal elements other than Ni, Co and Mn, 0.9?p?1.1, 0.9?x<1.1, 0.2?y?0.9, and 0?z?0.3), and a surface layer of the particle contains aluminum, said surface layer within 5 nm having an aluminum content of at least 0.8 as an atomic ratio to a total of Ni and the element M.

Abstract: A method of making an electron-emitting device including the steps of (A) preparing a member comprising first and second substances composed of carbon, wherein the substances have respective reaction rates different from each other for a gas, and (B) heating the member in an atmosphere containing the gas.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a porous metal catalyst (44) on a substrate (42) for nanotube (84) growth in an emissive display. The method comprises depositing a metal (44) onto a surface of a substrate (12) at an angle (?) to the surface, depositing a metal catalyst (72) onto the metal (44), and forming nanotubes (84) on the metal catalyst (72).

Abstract: An all-solid-state lithium-ion secondary battery has an anode, a cathode, a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, and at least one of a first mixed region formed at an interface between the anode and the solid electrolyte layer and containing a constituent material of the anode and a constituent material of the solid electrolyte layer, and a second mixed region formed at an interface between the cathode and the solid electrolyte layer and containing a constituent material of the cathode and a constituent material of the solid electrolyte layer.

Abstract: A direct internal reforming system of ethanol for a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) is provided. An MCFC anode for a direct internal reforming of ethanol, a manufacturing process thereof, and a direct internal reforming method in MCFC where an ethanol solution is injected into the anode are provided. by the simple process of coating the surface of the anode with small quantity of catalyst, the drawback in that the performance of MCFC is degraded when the ethanol is directly used as a fuel is overcome. Further, an additional apparatus such as an external reforming apparatus and additional cost for pelletizing the catalyst powders are not required, which is economical. Furthermore, the performance improvement enables long-term operation, which contributes to commercialization of MCFC.

Abstract: An electrode for a battery includes a thin plate current collector and an active material layer coated on the current collector. The current collector is provided at a top surface with a coated current collector part and an uncoated current collector part adjacent to the coated current collector part. The uncoated current collector part has less yield stress than the coated current collector part.

Abstract: One subject of the invention is films of active carbon-based material based on activated carbon of set porosity, purity and particle size distribution and on a polymer binder, the electrodes comprising such a film coated on a current collector and the ultracapacitors comprising at least one of these electrodes. Another subject of the invention is the process for preparing these films, electrodes and ultracapacitors.

Abstract: A current collector forming an electrode for battery is provided. The electrode current collector includes a conductive layer made of copper or a copper alloy. Furthermore, the conductive layer has a plurality of crystallites, the crystallites containing crystallites having a cross-section area of 20 ?m2 or more.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an anodic structure includes the steps of: providing a carbon nanotube slurry and a glass structure; applying a carbon nanotube slurry layer onto the glass structure; drying the carbon nanotube slurry layer on the glass structure; applying a phosphor layer on the carbon nanotube slurry layer; and solidifying the carbon nanotube slurry layer and the phosphor layer on the glass structure at an approximate temperature of 300˜500° C. and under protection of an inert gas to form the anodic structure.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to bipolar cells including electrodes surrounding a collector. Embodiments of the bipolar cells include a collector containing a highpolymer material. The disclosure also relates to bipolar electrode batteries containing bipolar cells including a collector body containing electrically conductive highpolymer or electrically conductive particles distributed in a high-polymer. By adding such high molecular weight polymer material to the collector, the weight of the collector may be reduced and the output power density per weight of the battery may be improved. The disclosure further relates to methods of forming collecting bodies and electrodes for bipolar cells using an inkjet printing method. Bipolar cells according to the present invention may be used to fabricate batteries such as lithium ion batteries, which may be connected to form battery modules used, for example, to provide electrical power for a motor vehicle.

Abstract: In a method of fabricating a battery, a substrate is annealed to reduce surface contaminants or even water of crystallization from the substrate. A series of battery component films are deposited on a substrate, including an adhesion film, electrode films, and an electrolyte film. An adhesion film is deposited on the substrate and regions of the adhesion film are exposed to oxygen. An overlying stack of cathode films is deposited in successive deposition and annealing steps.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward methods for incorporating low work function metals and salts of such metals into carbon nanotubes for use as field emitting materials. The present invention is also directed toward field emission devices, and associated components, comprising treated carbon nanotubes that have, incorporated into them, low work function metals and/or metal salts, and methods for making same. The treatments of the carbon nanotubes with the low work function metals and/or metal salts serve to improve their field emission properties relative to untreated carbon nanotubes when employed as a cathode material in field emission devices.

Abstract: A cathode for high-temperature fuel cell, comprising a layer of porous particles applied on a sintered electrolyte, the layer having a surface area of 15 to 900 m2 per gram and the average size of the porous particles do not exceed 30 nm and a method for preparing the same.

Abstract: A method for the self assembly of a macroscopic structure with a pre-formed nano object is provided. The method includes processing a nano object to a desired aspect ratio and chemical functionality and mixing the processed nano object with a solvent to form a suspension. Upon formation of the suspension, a substrate is inserted into the suspension. By evaporation of the solvent, changing the pH value of the suspension, or changing the temperature of the suspension, the nano objects within the suspension deposit onto the substrate in an orientational order. In addition, a seed crystal may be used in place of the substrate thereby forming single-crystals and free-standing membranes of the nano-objects.

Abstract: A method of transferring imprint carbon nano-tube (CNT) field emitting source is disclosed. Firstly, cathode lines are screen printed on a substrate. Then a dielectric layer formation on the cathode lines and substrate is followed. Afterward, gate lines formed on the dielectric layer by screen printing are performed. Next a patterning process is carried out to form openings. Subsequently, an imprint negative mold is dipped with CNT paste and imprinted the CNT paste on the cathode lines through the openings. After drawing of pattern from the imprint mold, the CNT paste is cured by annealing. Since the emitting sources are formed through the imprint negative mold, as a result, the size and shape can be predetermined. Moreover, the intervals between gate line and the emitting source are readily control, which resolve the circuit short problem between gate and cathode. Consequently, the current density, brightness, and uniformity of the emitter sources are significantly improved.

Abstract: An electrode (30) comprises a plate (31) having a major surface to which there has been attached an initially separate raised pattern (32) for guiding application of and/or retaining electrolyte paste adjacent the plate (31).

Abstract: Conductive ink formulations comprising a conductive polymer, metallic nanoparticles and a carrier are described. The formulations are printable on a surface, and annealed to form source and drain electrodes.

Abstract: A microreactor for use in a microscope, comprising a first and second cove layer (13), which cover layers are both at least partly transparent to an electron beam (14) of an electron microscope, and extend next to each other at a mutual distance from each other and between which a chamber (15) is enclosed, wherein an inlet (4) and an outlet (5) are provided for feeding fluid through the chamber and wherein heating means (8) are provided for heating the chamber and/or elements present therein.

Abstract: The inventive method relates to microelectronic and consists in the application of an emission layer to elements of an addressable field-emission electrode with the aid of a gas-phase synthesis method in a hydrogen flow accompanied by a supply of a carbonaceous gas. A dielectric backing is made of a high-temperature resistant material and discrete elements of the addressable field-emission electrode are made of a high-temperature resistant metal. The growth rate of the emission layer on the dielectric backing is smaller than the growth rate of the emission layer on the metallic discrete elements as a result of a selected process of depositing the carbonaceous emission layer, namely the backing temperature, the temperature of the reactor threads, the pumping speed of a gas mixture through the reactor, a selected distance between the reactor threads and the backing and a settling time. The cathode metallic discrete elements can be made of two metallic layers.

Abstract: In order to provide a positive electrode for a secondary battery having a low electric resistance and a large mechanical strength, and a secondary battery capable of charge and discharge using a large current and having a large capacity and excellent in storage characteristics, there is used a positive electrode for a secondary battery comprising an active material layer at least comprising a radical compound and a carbon fiber in which a graphite structure has an average value of interlayer distances d002 in the range of not less than 0.335 nm and not more than 0.340 nm. Such a carbon fiber having the interlayer distance has a modulus of elongation in the range of not less than 200 GPa and not more than 800 GPa. Particularly the carbon fiber preferably has a volume resistivity in the range of not less than 200??·cm and not more than 2000??·cm. The carbon fiber is preferably a vapor-grown carbon fiber or a graphitized carbon fiber derived from a mesophase pitch as a precursor.

Abstract: A composition of matter and a structure fabricated using the composition. The composition comprising: a resin; polymeric nano-particles dispersed in the resin, each of the polymeric nano-particle comprising a multi-arm core polymer and pendent polymers attached to the multi-arm core polymer, the multi-arm core polymer immiscible with the resin and the pendent polymers miscible with the resin; and a solvent, the solvent volatile at a first temperature, the resin cross-linkable at a second temperature, the polymeric nano-particle decomposable at a third temperature, the third temperature higher than the second temperature, the second temperature higher than the first temperature, wherein a thickness of a layer of the composition shrinks by less than about 3.5% between heating the layer from the second temperature to the third temperature.

Abstract: A nanostructured working electrode of an electrochemical sensor wherein the working electrode is composed of a material in the form of a film and is inserted onto the sensor. The electrode can be prepared from materials the use of which was impossible in the working electrodes known in the art (e.g. metals of defined purity).

Abstract: A method for preparing a periodically poled structure comprises the steps of providing a ferroelectric substrate having an upper surface and a bottom surface, forming an upper electrode including at least one first block and at least one second block on the upper surface, forming a bottom electrode including at least one third block and at least one fourth block on the bottom surface and performing a plurality of poling processes to form at least one first domain and at least one second domain in the ferroelectric substrate, wherein the first domain is formed between the first block and the third block, and the second domain is formed between the second block and the fourth block.

Abstract: A process for making a catalytic electrode containing a transition metal nano-catalyst without using spray or thermal decomposition, and a process for making an electrochemical cell with a catalytic electrode. The nano-catalyst is a particulate material that includes particles that are at least partially oxidized, preferably to include at least oxide shells, before mixing with an activated carbon and binder in a liquid medium to adhere particles of the nano-catalyst to internal and external surfaces of the particles of activated carbon. Oxidation of the nano-catalyst particles allows the mixing of the nano-catalyst, activated carbon and binder in air rather than an inert gas atmosphere and can avoid the use of potentially dangerous liquid media such as highly volatile alcohols.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for forming a black electrode by performing sintering at a temperature in the range of 500-600° C. after applying a lead-free black conductive composition to a substrate. The aforementioned black electrode comprises a binder comprising a crystallized glass component. The aforementioned black conductive composition comprises conductive particles of black RuO2, lead-free black ruthenium-based polyoxide, and mixtures thereof in an amount of 4-30 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition, a lead-free non-conductive black oxide in an amount of 0-30 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition, and a lead-free bismuth-based glass binder in an amount of 10-50 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition.

Abstract: A curable aryl (thio)ether aryl silicon composition is disclosed. A cured aryl (thio)ether aryl polysiloxane composition is further disclosed, along with a method of making that cured aryl (thio)ether aryl polysiloxane composition from the curable aryl (thio)ether aryl silicon composition. An encapsulated semiconductor device, and a method of making that encapsulated semiconductor device by coating a semiconductor element of a semiconductor device with cured aryl (thio)ether aryl polysiloxane are further disclosed.