Abstract: A biodegradable nonwoven fabric and molded vessel suitable to throwaway use such as in domestic, wrapping, agricultural, gardening, and civil engineering field. A web of cellulose-based fibers are combined with chitosan salt and an interfiber binder comprising a combination of chitosan salt and fine cellulose, or by combined use of the interfiber binder and physical combining techniques. They are naturally decomposed by microorganisms in the soil and can dissolve the polution problems.

Abstract: Written, typed, penciled, inked, xerographic and other markings on foils, opaque and transparent papers can be erased easily by mechanical means by utilizing an interlayer of alkylketene dimer with hydrophilic colloids and pigments. The provisions of such an interlayer is useful for drafting materials, xerographic and diazotype copies.

Abstract: Silated polysaccharides having 0.005 to 2.0 silyl molar substitution per anhydrosaccharide unit form water resistant films when cast from aqueous solution and dried in the presence of atmospheric carbon dioxide. These films are soluble in aqueous caustic. A preferred water soluble polymer is a cellulose ether with 0.005 to 1.0 silyl substitution.

Abstract: Binder for the production of particle board and plywood with low formaldehyde emission which comprises a polymer formed fron an acidified starch hydrolyzate, urea and formaldehyde. Process for preparation of the polymer and for its use for production of particle board and plywood are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of increasing the absorbency of cellulosic fibers by treating the cellulosic fibers with an aqueous acid solution having a pH value of no more than 4. The treatment is carried out for a time sufficient to obtain the desired absorbency. Optionally, the aqueous acidic solution treatment can be preceded or succeeded by a hot water treatment to further increase the absorbency of the cellulosic fibers. The cellulosic fibers find particular application in nonwoven articles that require high absorbency, i.e., diapers, tampons, medical sponges, etc.

Abstract: Polyisocyanate crosslinked cyclodextrin resins prepared within a certain mole ratio of polyisocyanate to cyclodextrin are soluble in solvents such as pyridine and dimethylformamide but highly insoluble in water. Such resins have excellent adhesive properties toward virtually all solid surfaces which consequently can be readily coated with a thin film having a multiplicity of cyclodextrin moieties available at the surface for separation and/or purification. Such coated substrates can be prepared in a variety of sizes, shapes, and cyclodextrin loading quite conveniently and relatively inexpensive.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for applying waterproof starch layers to substrates, which comprises applying an aqueous starch dispersion containing a waterproofing agent to the substrate and then drying same.In order to improve the processability and processing time of the binders, this invention is characterized in that the waterproofing agent or a catalyst which catalyzes the reaction of the waterproofing agent with the starch molecules is present in the starch dispersion in the form of microcapsules, and that, after applying the starch dispersion to the substrate, the waterproofing agent is reacted with the starch molecules by digesting disrupting or puncturing the microcapsules.

Abstract: The invention relates to absorbent compositions, to methods for handling and immobilizing particulate absorbents, and to absorbent articles produced from the absorbent compositions. Absorbent materials such as cross-linked, water-insoluble and water-swellable particulate polymers are immobilized and safely handled by adding thereto an aqueous liquid such as water or saline in amounts sufficient to form hydrates in which the water comprises from 20% to 80% by weight of the total hydrate. The hydrates may be extruded, sprinkled, or sprayed and can be incorporated into absorbent articles such as diapers and tampons by conventional means. The hydrates unexpectedly increase the total water absorbency of the absorbent on a dry basis.

Abstract: A thermosensitive image transfer recording medium comprising a support material; an image transfer layer formed on the support material, comprising a fine porous network structure made of a resin comprising cellulose acetate butyrate; a non-volatile oily material which is contained in the fine porous network structure, and which does not dissolve the resin of the fine porous network structure; and a thermofusible ink composition which is held in the fine porous network structure, comprising (a) a thermofusible wax material is solid at room temperature, and (b) a colorant.

Abstract: A highly bulked kaolin pigment is prepared by mixing a small but effective amount of a water-soluble cationic polyelectrolyte flocculant with a kaolin clay pigment in the presence of water to prepare a bulked clay pigment product. Upon dewatering, the resultant polyelectrolyte treated clay product can be dispersed to form high solids clay-water slurries useful in making aqueous coating colors suitable for manufacturing coating lightweight publication papers or the pigment can be used as a filler for paper webs.

Abstract: Wood surfaces are bonded together by heating and pressing with a bonding composition containing, on a bonding agent solids basis, from 10-70% of one or more sugars and from 90-30% of an aminoplast, and the bonding composition being used in an amount equal to the amount of straight condensation resin which would normally be used, i.e. the sugar replaces a quantity of condensation resin normally used thereby reducing the total quantity of condensation resin, thereby reducing cost and formaldehyde emissions and without any disadvantages.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coating composition for paper and cardboard comprising, besides the usual pigments, a fluidizing agent and, by way of binder, an undepolymerized starch possibly modified, as well as, generally, one or several synthetic products and/or one or several proteins.

Abstract: Amylose and high amylose starch fibrous food wrappings, including casings for meat products provide a low cost alternative to ordinary fibrous casings. The composite material consists of a cross-linked matrix of the amylose polymer coupled or bonded with the reinforcement and possesses a wet strength and elongation properties for suitable handling and stuffing without exhibiting embrittlement upon aging.

Abstract: A primer coated, oriented polyester film material is provided wherein the primer is applied in an aqueous medium comprising a water dispersible copolyester consisting essentially of the condensation product of components A, B, C, and D or their polyester forming equivalents as follows:(A) about 60 to 75 mole percent of terephthalic acid;(B) about 15 to 25 mole percent of at least one dicarboxylic acid of the formula HOOC(CH.sub.2).sub.n COOH, wherein n ranges from about 1-11;(C) greater than from about 6 up to about 15 mole percent of at least one sulfomonomer containing an alkali metal sulfonate group attached to a dicarboxylic aromatic nucleus, and(D) stoichiometric quantities, i.e., about 100 mole percent of at least one aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alkylene glycol copolymerizable therewith having about from 2 to 11 carbon atoms.The copolyester priming layer may be applied to the polyester film at any suitable stage during manufacture of the film, i.e., before or during the stretching operations.

Abstract: Modified reactive siloxanes are chemically bonded directly to the surface of a cellulosic substrate to form an oleophilic layer of siloxane on the cellulosic substrate and a conventional ink impregnates the oleophilic siloxane to effect printing thereon.

Abstract: Paper coating compositions contain at least one pigment, at least one binder, and, as an insolubilizer for the binder, the product of the reaction of glyoxal and a vicinal polyol.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium and a process for producing a magnetic recording medium are disclosed, the process comprising the steps of applying onto a non-magnetic base a composition comprising (1) a compound having an unsaturated bond polymerizable by electron beams, (2) at least one polymer, (3) ferromagnetic particles, and (4) an organic solvent, and then polymerizing and curing the resulting magnetic layer by irradiation with electron beams, said polymer being such that at least 10% thereof is adsorbed on the ferromagnetic particles in a mixture of 10 parts by weight of a 1 wt % solution of the polymer and 1 part by weight of the ferromagnetic particles.

Abstract: A magnetic recording disk is disclosed, which comprises (1) a three-layered laminate consisting of a core layer of a biaxially oriented polyolefin film which has a birefringence of not more than 0.01 and an amorphous-region orientation coefficient of not more than 0.2 and two outer layers of a biaxially oriented polyester film adhereed to the core layer, and (2) a magnetic layer formed on at least one side of the laminate. This magnetic recording disk undergoes only a slight dimensional change with a variation in humidity and temperature, and the dimensional change is isotropic in the plane.

Abstract: A method for treating starch with organosiloxane polymers is described in which the organosiloxane polymer is contacted with starch in an aqueous dispersion at a temperature of from 60.degree. C. to 98.degree. C. for a period of at least 60 seconds. Starch treated by this method can be useful as glue, a binder, a filler, or a coating. Starch treated with aminoalkyl- or epoxyalkyl- substituted polydimethylsiloxane is especially useful as a water repellent sizing for substrates such as paper and textiles.

Abstract: A metallized, laminated substrate well adapted for the production of printed circuits is comprised of:(A) an electrically insulating support element which comprises (a) a central core member comprising a major proportion by weight of a cellulosic or mica filler and a minor proportion by weight of a thermosetting resin, and (b) and (b') a pair of skin laminae coextensively secured to each face surface, respectively, of said central core (a) each of said skin laminae comprising a fibrous glass, asbestos or heat-stable synthetic polymer reinforcing filler, and a thermosetting resin impregnant, which thermosetting resin may either be the same as or different from the thermosetting resin comprising said central core member (a); and(B) an electrically conducting metal foil (c) coextensively adhered to the exposed face surface of one or the other of said skin laminae (b) or (b').

Abstract: Paper coating compositions contain at least one pigment, at least one binder, and as an insolubilizer for the binder an alkylated product of the reaction of glyoxal and a cyclic urea.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for bonding wallpaper to a wall insulation board or film of a foamed organic polymer, comprising the steps of providing a layer of wall insulation comprising a foamed organic polymer; providing a layer of wallpaper; applying to the surface of either the layer of wall insulation or the layer of wallpaper a coating of an adhesive composition suitable for bonding the layers together, wherein the adhesive composition comprises an amount of a flame retardant agent sufficient to render the adhesive composition flame retardant; and bonding the layer of wallpaper to the layer of wall insulation. Also disclosed is a composite sheeting produced by this process.

Abstract: Texturized wall coverings comprising inexpensive materials such as paper pulp fibers, textile linters, and cotton threads can be made water resistant by the incorporation therein of a blend of tamarind gum, algin, and, optionally, guar gum.

Abstract: Sanitary napkin comprising at least a layer consisting of a water-absorbing substance containing a powdery polymer which is soluble in water or is dispersible in water and is highly water-absorbable and at least a film based on polyvinyl alcohol, which is soluble in water or is dispersible in water is disclosed, the napkin being excellent in absorbing and holding the menstrural blood, in preventing the exudation and the leakage of the menstrural blood once absorbed therein and in disintegrating in water.

Abstract: In a process for producing carbon or graphite articles, baked carbonaceous articles are impregnated with an aqueous solution of lignin sulfonate complex prior to carbonization or graphitization. The carcinogenic effects of conventional impregnants are eliminated, and impregnation temperatures are lowered significantly.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heat-sensitive recording element comprising a recording layer including a starch partially esterified with an organic carboxylic acid as a polymeric binder for dispersing therein a leuco pigment and an organic acidic substance. This recording element provides a recorded image excellent in the water resistance and recording characteristics when it is used for thermographic recording. An aqueous solution of this partially esterified starch has a good storage stability and it does not get moldy even if it is stored for a long time.

Abstract: A heat-sensitive recording material having a heat-sensitive layer composed mainly of a leuco dye and a phenolic compound used as a developer, said heat-sensitive layer containing as a binding agent any one or combinations of polyvinyl alcohol, oxidized starch and etherized starch, and methyl cellulose in a ratio by weight between 98:2 and 90:10.

Abstract: There is disclosed a cellulosic material such as paper or paperboard surface-sized with an aqueous dispersion of a combination of degraded starch or a starch derivative and a branched-chain, water-dispersible polyester condensation product. Said polyester is derived from the reaction of a dicarboxylic reactant, a diol or polyoxyalkylene glycol, and a phosphorus acid reactant wherein said polyester has a carboxylic acid number of about 5 to about 15 and an average molecular weight of about 4,000 to about 11,000. Mixtures of said starch and said polyester when used to surface-size cellulosic materials impart water resistance thereto.

Abstract: Electroconductive coating formulations consisting essentially of (1) a barrier coating which comprises a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, styrene-butadiene latexes, sodium alginate or fluorocarbons with starch; and (2) a conductive coating.

Abstract: A novel clay pigment, the manufacture thereof and the use of the pigment in the production of dull and matte-finish coated printing papers. The novel clay pigment comprises a mixture of a coarse-size fraction of naturally-occurring kaolin clay containing a substantial proportion of kaolinite booklets in the particle size range of 2 to 5 .mu.m equivalent spherical diameter (e.s.d.) and mechanically delaminated kaolin platelets in the particle size range of 2 to 10 .mu.m e.s.d.

Abstract: A gummed adhesive formulation is disclosed which contains as its major component a depolymerized waxy starch ester, preferably an oxidized waxy starch acetate or succinate. Quick tack properties imparted to tape by this formulation are superior to those resulting from an adhesive made from a thin boiling waxy starch and are comparable to those of animal glue at 11 lb/ream remoistening level.

Abstract: Solid lignocellulosic material is bonded together by heating and pressing at a natural wood, pH by reacting sugars, starches or both in the presence of a catalyst capable of catalyzing transformation of the sugars and starches into a solid, insoluble in water, and an alkaline buffering agent if needed, for example to make waterproof plywood or composite products from particulate wood without hydrolytic degradation of the wood.

Abstract: A thermally sensitive record material having a very low abrasive surface comprising a substrate coated with a colorless chromogenic material and a phenolic co-reactant in a binder and including a cross-linked urea-formaldehyde resin pigment as a component thereof. The use of the urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin pigment provides a thermal record material with superior bleed resistance, extremely low abrasivity, thereby reducing wear on imaging tools such as print heads, and improved release properties. The UF pigment also improves the image to background contrast and the efficiency of the action of the co-reactants in the record material.

Abstract: A novel carrier composition for corrugating adhesives contains 1 part amylaceous material, about 3 to 5 parts water, and about 0.5 to 4 parts urea. The carrier is self-gelling at room temperature, and lowers the gel temperature of the adhesive paste to within the optimal range for use in making corrugated paperboard. The carrier is especially well-suited for use in acidic adhesive systems since its effect on the gelatinization temperature of the raw starch component is independent of pH.

Abstract: Electrofax copy paper particularly for dry toner copiers comprises a substantially nonconductive substrate in combination with a photoconductive zinc oxide coating having greater light sensitivity, lower charge characteristicts and greater conductivity than conventional zinc oxide coatings. The substrate does not include any additives specifically for increasing its conductivity but relies on a balanced conductivity from front-to-back as a result of an even distribution of moisture throughout the substrate.

Abstract: A building form and method of preparing molded articles thereon which comprises molding an article on the casting surface of a building form comprising a casting surface adhered to a water destructible support layer, the said casting surface comprising a water permeable polymeric film, water destructing the said support layer, water penetrating the said casting surface, and removing the molded article.

Abstract: Migration-resistant binder compositions for bonding nonwoven fibers are disclosed. These compositions comprise (A) an anionically-stabilized polymer latex; (B) a water-soluble polymer of 20-100% by weight of mer units containing an amine group and having a viscosity average molecular weight between 5,000 and 300,000; and (C) a volatile base. Usually, the compositions have a solids content between 10% and 60% by weight, a viscosity below 3,000 centipoise, a pH above 5, and a component (B) content between 0.1% and 20% by weight of the solids. In alternative compositions, component (B) is replaced by component (B'), a water-insoluble polymer with the same amine group content and a viscosity average molecular weight between 5,000 and 100,000.

Abstract: An anti-fouling overcoating composition for watercraft or stationary underwater structures precoated with hard-surface leaching-type anti-fouling paint consists essentially of an aqueous solution or dispersion of a carboxylated hydrophilic acrylic polymer, a cross-linking agent for the carboxylated hydrophilic polymer, polyethylenimine or a hydrophilic polyethylenimine derivative and an effective amount of an ultraviolet-absorbing agent.

Abstract: Mineral coating compositions for coating papers, the binder of which comprises a negatively-charged latex or an aqueous dispersion of an emulsion polymer, with or without an amylaceous binder, as the major portion thereof, and a relatively small amount of a water-soluble addition polymer having polymerized therein from 20% to 100%, preferably at least 40%, by weight of a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer having a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group, such as an aminoalkyl acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl ether or vinyl sulfide, an N-aminoalkyl(meth)acrylamide, an N-acryloxyalkyl-oxazolidine or an N-acryloxyalkyl-tetrahydro-1,3-oxazine.

Abstract: A solid, adhesive-free, layered composite material consisting of two clearly defined layers, one made of membrane filters and the other of porous material, the said composite material being formed by bringing a polymeric membrane filter forming substance in its gel condition into contact with the porous material, and solidifying the said gel on the porous material; the composite material is useful as a nutrient medium carrier for microbiological tests.

Abstract: Thermosensitive recording material for use in thermal printing, which is composed of a coating composition applied on a support, which coating composition comprises (a) a chromogenic compound, (b) an organic acid, (c) a water-soluble binder containing a carboxyl group and having a softening point of 200.degree. C or higher, (d) a filler, (e) a metal salt of a higher fatty acid and (f) a wax, said recording material having a Bekk surface smoothness of 100 to 500 seconds.

Abstract: A paper or cardboard coating composition comprising an aqueous dispersion containing binder and pigment in which 5-30 percent by weight of the pigment are particles dimensioned within the range of 0.05-0.3 microns of a non-film forming synthetic polymer and in which 70-95 percent by weight of the pigment is calcium carbonate.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous adhesive solution based on polyvinyl alcohol in combination with unboiled unoxidized alkali hydrolyzed neutralized starch for the mechanical labelling of bottles and glass vessels in high speed labelling machines. When dry the adhesive is resistant to condensation water. The solution has a polyvinyl alcohol content of 12% to 25%, based on the total weight of the solution and a thickener content of 0.1% to 1% by weight. The polyvinyl alcohol and starch are present in the weight ratio of 85% to 65% of polyvinyl alcohol, to 15% to 35% of unmodified, hydrolized starch.

Abstract: A multilayered molded plastic having at least one layer comprising pullulan. The molded plastic is low in gas permeability, transparent, high in strength and non-toxic.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic adhesive composition is described comprising starch, polyvinylacetate, a copolymer of vinylacetate and ethylene and, optionally, a water-resistant thermosetting resin such as urea-formaldehyde or melamine-formaldehyde. The adhesive is particularly useful as a corrugator adhesive in the preparation of corrugated paperboard which requires a high wet bond strength. Because of its excellent "green bond" characteristics, the corrugators can be run at high speeds to produce a product having acceptable wet bond strengths with the important additional advantages that the bond is strong, tough and flexible.

Abstract: A biodegradable barrier film is provided which is useful as a barrier layer in absorbent pads such as sanitary napkins and diapers. The film comprises a matrix of a non-biodegradable film-forming material which is resistant to solubility in water having a biodegradable material homogeneously dispersed therein, the biodegradable material being present in said film in an amount from about 40 to about 60 weight percent based on the total weight of said biodegradable and said non-biodegradable film-forming material in said film.