Abstract: Methods of forming metal-containing films by atomic layer deposition are provided. The methods include delivering a metal-containing complex, a purge gas, and a co-reactant to a first substrate under sufficient conditions such that the metal-containing film selectively grows on at least a portion of the first substrate.

Abstract: Assemblable disposable shuttering, for constructing modular formworks suitable for making foundations, said shuttering substantially configured as the lateral surface of a parallelepiped, having on the lateral faces a plurality of openings suitable toe release, during the filling casting, a part of the cement mixture into the foundation trench.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for forming aluminum ingot having shaped ends to avoid alligatoring during rolling.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for making quaternary chalcogenide wafers. The process comprises heating a mixture of quaternary chalcogenide crystals and flux and then cooling the mixture to form a solidified mixture comprising ingots of quaternary chalcogenide and flux. The process also comprises isolating one or more ingots of quaternary chalcogenide from the solidified mixture and mounting at least one ingot in a polymer binder to form a quaternary chalcogenide-polymer composite. The process also comprises optionally slicing the quaternary chalcogenide-polymer composite to form one or more quaternary chalcogenide-polymer composite wafers. The quaternary chalcogenide wafers are useful for forming solar cells.

Abstract: A method of grinding an ingot for use in manufacturing a semiconductor or solar wafer is disclosed. The method includes providing an ingot including four flat sides and four rounded corner portions, each corner portion extending between an adjacent pair of the flat sides, and grinding a plurality of planar facets on each corner portion, each planar facet of the corner portion joined to an adjacent facet at a juncture and oriented such that each corner portion has a substantially arcuate shape. A wafer and ingot are also disclosed.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for forming aluminum ingot having shaped ends to avoid alligatoring during rolling.

Abstract: A base tube for an electrophotographic photoconductive member, is provided with a cylindrical body on which a photoconductive layer is formed; and a first slanting portion formed on a peripheral surface of an end portion of the cylindrical body, and slanting inward toward an end face of the end portion with respect to an axis of the cylindrical body. An axial length of the first slanting portion of the cylindrical body is within a range of 0.3 to 5 mm.

Abstract: A cap nut to be enveloped in a casting made of casting material includes a substantially cylindrical body. The body has a first end and a second end adjacent to a top end surface of the body. The body has a hole and an outer peripheral surface to be enveloped in the casting material. The body has an exposed surface adjacent to the hole at the first end thereof, and the exposed surface is exposed to an outside of the casting. The body has formed in the outer peripheral surface thereof a tapered surface that broadens from the second end of the body toward the first end. The body has formed in the tapered surface a retaining means for preventing the cap nut from falling off from the casting. The body is installable in and removable from a pattern for forming a sand mold at the tapered surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heat shading glass including a glass sheet and a heat shading film formed on the glass sheet. The heat shading film comprises a first metal oxide film, a first Ag film, a second metal oxide film, a second Ag film, and a third metal oxide film, layered in that order on the glass sheet. The oxide films include indium oxide containing tin oxide. An X-ray diffraction chart of the heat shading film shows a diffraction peak of the indium oxide as well as a diffraction peak of the Ag. Thus, as a heat shading laminated glass, it can be used as window glass for buildings or vehicles, has superior visible light transmittance, reflects infrared radiation, has colorless transmission color and reflection color, and has superior durability.

Abstract: A method of corrosion protecting a tube having an end portion extending into a tube receiving hole of a mud drum of a boiler and the tube produced by that method. The end portion of the tube is provided with a corrosion resistant cladding layer which may contain chromium. Laser cladding is used to produce the corrosion resistant cladding layer, which advantageously tapers along a length of the end portion of the tube. The tube may be swaged before or after the cladding is applied and suitable heat treatments may be performed on the bare or clad tube to develop suitable properties in the tube, the cladding, or a tube-cladding interface.

Abstract: A method for forming a patterned layer within an integrated circuit. There is first provided a substrate having formed thereupon a blanket target layer. Formed upon the blanket target layer is a blanket focusing layer, where the blanket focusing layer is formed from an organic material and where the blanket focusing layer is susceptible to a reproducible negative etch bias within a first etch method employed in etching the blanket focusing layer to form a patterned focusing layer. There is then formed upon the blanket focusing layer a blanket photoresist layer which is photoexposed and developed to form a patterned photoresist layer. There is then etched through the first etch method the blanket focusing layer to form the patterned focusing layer while employing the patterned photoresist layer as a first etch mask layer. The patterned focusing layer so formed has the reproducible negative etch bias with respect to the patterned photoresist layer.

Abstract: A billet of extrudable metal, particularly an Al alloy is tapered at its back end. The billet is compressed longitudinally so that the metal of the tapered end is upset transversely. The compressed billet is hot extruded. The upsetting improves the fracture toughness of the back end of the extrusion. This is useful in long extrusions for the aircraft industry.

Abstract: An alloy exhibiting corrosion resistance in a combustion environment where V, Na, S and Cl are present comprises, in weight percent, not more than 0.05% C, 0.02-0.5% Si, 0.02-0.5% Mn, 15-35% Cr, 0.5-4% Mo, 10-40% Co, 5-15% Fe, 0.5-5% W, 0.0003-0.005% Ca and the remainder of Ni at a content of not less than 4% and unavoidable impurities, provided that Cr (%)+0.5Ni (%)+3Mo (%).gtoreq.30 (%) and Ni (%)+0.5Co (%).gtoreq.Cr (%)+Mo (%)+W (%). A composite steel tube exhibiting corrosion resistance in a combustion environment where V, Na, S and Cl are present comprises an inner tube constituted of Cr-containing boiler tube and an outer tube constituted of the alloy.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of making a billet comprising a mass of compressed swarf jacketed in a tubular jacket. A number of similar indentations are formed in the ends of the jacket. The indentations are symmetrically disposed about the axis of the billet. The indentations terminate at terminal positions spaced from the ends of the billet and increase in depth from the terminal positions to the ends of the billet. Jackets of various materials are envisaged, in particular of stainless steel and mild steel. Where the jacket is of stainless steel tubular end pieces of mild steel in which the indentations are formed may be welded thereon.

Abstract: Method for the charging and controlled addition of pre-alloys to molten alloys of metals reactive and nonreactive at room temperature which are held in a crucible. To permit pre-alloys with a high percentage of reactive metal to be handled more easily, a casting is produced from the reactive and nonreactive metals by a casting process followed by solification. This casting is nonreactive at its surface at room temperature and its average content of reactive metal is equal to or greater than the reactive metal content in the crucible. Such castings are added to the crucible according to the need for the reactive metal. In an especially advantageous manner, a casting produced in a casting mold in a nonreactive atmosphere has at least at its surface such a content of nonreactive metal that it is stable at room temperature.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing thread-forming screws wherein the tapered leading end of the screws can include thread portions or sections having sharp crests but wherein the thread-forming screws can be made using conventional flat thread rolling dies. Also provided is a screw blank having a tapered leading end particularly shaped or formed such that when the threads are rolled on the screw blank using conventional flat thread rolling dies, the tapered leading end of the screw will include thread sections having sharp crests.

Abstract: A truncated conical segment is made by the steps of longitudinally welding two pieces of metal, then contour rolling the weldment to preferentially reduce one of the pieces of the weldment more than the other. This provides a skewed trapezoid shape which is then 3-roll formed into a ring having a conical shape. The angle of the cone is a function of the preferential reduction in the second contour rolling step.

Abstract: A threaded fastener particularly designed for extruding and forming threads in a sheet metal material. A threaded shank region and threaded, generally, conical point region are interconnected by a thread forming and extruding region which includes a plurality of partially formed threads both in circumferential extent and depth of impression. The thread-forming region tapers downwardly toward the point region at an angle of about 6.degree. to maximize the thread-forming capabilities of the screw.

Abstract: An improved billet and process for producing a tubular body by forced plastic deformation is disclosed. The billet includes a metallic tubular sheath, a metallic center core and a salt intermediate core. The radial thickness of the metallic tubular sheath is equal to or less than 0.11 times the outer diameter of the metallic tubular sheath. The metallic center core is positioned within the tubular sheath and is surrounded by the salt intermediate core which fills the cylindrical space between the tubular sheath and the center core. In the process of the present invention, the foregoing billet is subjected to forced compulsory deformation to reduce the diameter of the billet. Thereafter, the intermediate core is removed through solution and the center core is drawn out of the sheath in order to obtain the tubular body.

Abstract: An improved self-tapping or thread-forming screw where the thread configuration on the screw end swages or forms the thread in an object to be threaded rather than cutting and removing a portion of the material of the object. The screw is provided with a threaded shank terminating in a tapered thread-forming end having four equi-spaced flattened surfaces separated by four threaded lobes or corners, and each corner is provided with a leading flattened surface in place of a portion of the radius to provide a partially threaded relief area in addition to the full relief areas formed by the flattened sides.

Abstract: A blank is formed for providing a self-thread forming threaded fastener having a straight thread on a shank of circular cross section and tapered thread of the work-entering end. The tapered portion of the thread is of lobular root, pitch and crest surface cross sections and which lobular configuration is continued, but to a diminishing extent, on the first few threads on the shank immediately adjacent to the tapered section. The fastener is formed by rolling between thread-rolling dies a blank having a cylindrical shank of circular cross section and an end section of arcuate lobular cross section including a tapered portion. At least the lobular and tapered portions of the blank are intermittently deflected first in one direction and then in the opposite direction by the dies. Due to such deflections of the end of the blank, a lobular tapered thread is produced on the tapered portion of the blank.