Abstract: Reactive foils and their uses are provided as localized heat sources useful, for example, in ignition, joining and propulsion. An improved reactive foil is preferably a freestanding multilayered foil structure made up of alternating layers selected from materials that will react with one another in an exothermic and self-propagating reaction. Upon reacting, this foil supplies highly localized heat energy that may be applied, for example, to joining layers, or directly to bulk materials that are to be joined. This foil heat-source allows rapid bonding to occur at room temperature in virtually any environment (e.g., air, vacuum, water, etc.). If a joining material is used, the foil reaction will supply enough heat to melt the joining materials, which upon cooling will form a strong bond, joining two or more bulk materials.

Abstract: A method of forge welding laminates of titanium and titanium alloys includes interleaving first and second pluralities of metal pieces in an enclosure, filling the enclosure with an inert gas, heating the enclosure and the first and second pluralities of metal pieces, and mechanically pressing the enclosure on a first axis with a force sufficient to cause the first and second pluralities of metal pieces to forge-weld together. The first and second pluralities of metal pieces may be metallurgically dissimilar from each other, and may each comprise a percentage of titanium.

Abstract: Reactive foils and their uses are provided as localized heat sources useful, for example, in ignition, joining and propulsion. An improved reactive foil is preferably a freestanding multilayered foil structure made up of alternating layers selected from materials that will react with one another in an exothermic and self-propagating reaction. Upon reacting, this foil supplies highly localized heat energy that may be applied, for example, to joining layers, or directly to bulk materials that are to be joined. This foil heat-source allows rapid bonding to occur at room temperature in virtually any environment (e.g., air, vacuum, water, etc.). If a joining material is used, the foil reaction will supply enough heat to melt the joining materials, which upon cooling will form a strong bond, joining two or more bulk materials.

Abstract: Reactive foils and their uses are provided as localized heat sources useful, for example, in ignition, joining and propulsion. An improved reactive foil is preferably a freestanding multilayered foil structure made up of alternating layers selected from materials that will react with one another in an exothermic and self-propagating reaction. Upon reacting, this foil supplies highly localized heat energy that may be applied, for example, to joining layers, or directly to bulk materials that are to be joined. This foil heat-source allows rapid bonding to occur at room temperature in virtually any environment (e.g., air, vacuum, water, etc.). If a joining material is used, the foil reaction will supply enough heat to melt the joining materials, which upon cooling will form a strong bond, joining two or more bulk materials.

Abstract: A coated article is provided that may be heat treated in certain example embodiments. A coating of the coated article includes a zinc oxide inclusive layer located over and contacting a contact layer that is in contact with an infrared (IR) reflecting layer of a material such as silver. It has been found that the use of such a zinc oxide inclusive layer results in improved thermal stability upon heat treatment, increased visible transmission, and/or lower sheet resistance (Rs).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a color cathode ray tube provided with a pressed-type shadow mask. As material for constituting the shadow mask 6, a single plate body made of a composite gradient alloy plate consisting of three layers 6A, 6B, 6C or more in which an alloy element has the concentration gradient which is continuously changed from one surface to the other surface is used. The present invention can realize a pressed mask having a large radius of curvature by self-correcting the thermal deformation such as a doming or the like.

Abstract: An electrodeposition process for producing a layered composite material and the layered composite material produced by the process. The layered composite material includes at least one layer of a first alloy species of an alloy and at least one layer of a second alloy species of the alloy. The first alloy species and the second alloy species have distinguishable properties. The process includes the steps of first energizing an electroplating circuit to provide a first electroplating current to deposit a layer of the first alloy species and second energizing the electroplating circuit to provide a second electroplating current to deposit a layer of the second alloy species. The alloy is preferably a gold-tin alloy, the first alloy species is preferably the Au5Sn alloy phase and the second alloy species is preferably the AuSn alloy phase.

Abstract: A coated article having a high resistance to particle-impact damage has a substrate, and a layered coating overlying the substrate. The layered coating includes a substantially continuous quasicrystalline layer, and a substantially continuous ductile metallic layer in facing contact with the quasicrystalline layer. The coated article is preferably used in applications where it is subjected to particle-impact conditions.

Abstract: A magnetooptic read head including a magnetooptic transducer with a multilayer structure with at least one thin magnetic layer with a magnetooptic effect, at least one layer made of nonmagnetic material and having a predetermined wear coefficient, and a layer with good magnetic permeability for closing a magnetic circuit. The layer with good magnetic permeability includes alternating first sublayers made of a magnetic material with good magnetic permeability and second sublayers made of a material having a wear coefficient substantially equivalent to the wear coefficient of the layer made of a nonmagnetic material.

Abstract: The invention uses iridium and iridium compounds as a protective capping layer on multilayers having reflectivity in the deep ultra-violet to soft x-ray regime. The iridium compounds can be formed in one of two ways: by direct deposition of the iridium compound from a prepared target or by depositing a thin layer (e.g., 5-50 angstroms) of iridium directly onto an element. The deposition energy of the incoming iridium is sufficient to activate the formation of the desired iridium compound. The compounds of most interest are iridium silicide (IrSix) and iridium molybdenide (IrMox).

Abstract: The invention uses iridium and iridium compounds as a protective capping layer on multilayers having reflectivity in the deep ultra-violet to soft x-ray regime. The iridium compounds can be formed in one of two ways: by direct deposition of the iridium compound from a prepared target or by depositing a thin layer (e.g., 5-50 angstroms) of iridium directly onto an element. The deposition energy of the incoming iridium is sufficient to activate the formation of the desired iridium compound. The compounds of most interest are iridium silicide (IrSix) and iridium molybdenide (IrMox).

Abstract: A multi-layer coating including a polymeric basecoat layer wherein the polymer of the basecoat layer is cured at subatmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A terminal of the present invention includes a ruthenium layer formed on conductive substrate entirely or partially, and a surface metal layer made of at least one of the metals selected from the group consisting of Au, Pt, Ag, Pd, Rh, Co, Ni, In and Sn, or made of an alloy containing at least one of the metals selected from the group, which is formed on the ruthenium layer entirely or partially.

Abstract: Materials including alternating magnetic layers and spacer layers for use as hard magnetic recording layers of magnetic recording media are disclosed. The spacer layers and the magnetic layers are treated in an oxygen-containing atmosphere in order to form oxidized boundary layers between adjacent granular columns extending through the layers. The columnar microstructure extends through the entire thickness of the multilayer structure to thereby exchange decouple the magnetic layers as well as the spacer layers. The spacer and magnetic layers may include additives which are present in grain boundary regions throughout the layers. The presence of the additives in the grain boundary regions may facilitate diffusion and oxidization between the adjacent granular columns. In a particular embodiment, the magnetic layers comprise Co, the spacer layers comprise Pd, and the additives comprise Cr, Pt, B, Ta, Nb or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Spherical and non-spherical optical elements produced by standard optical figuring and polishing techniques are extremely expensive. Such surfaces can be cheaply produced by diamond turning; however, the roughness in the diamond turned surface prevent their use for EUV lithography. These ripples are smoothed with a coating of polyimide before applying a 60 period Mo/Si multilayer to reflect a wavelength of 134 Å and have obtained peak reflectivities close to 63%. The savings in cost are about a factor of 100.

Abstract: On a substrate at a temperature of 120 to 240° C., Fe and Pt monatomic layers are alternately laminated. The magnetic multilayer film obtained by such a method has an L10 ordered structure so as to exhibit a high magnetic anisotropy energy constant, a (001) surface parallel to the substrate surface, and a high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, while its coercive force in a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface and the squareness ratio of its magnetization curve in a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface are large, so that it is usable as a magnetic recording film for a magnetic recording medium and the like. Also, since the magnetic multilayer film is formed while the substrate temperature is 120 to 240° C., the temperature load on the substrate or the like is lowered as compared with conventional making methods in which the substrate temperature is about 500° C.

Abstract: A method of forge welding laminates of titanium and titanium alloys includes interleaving first and second pluralities of metal pieces in an enclosure, filling the enclosure with an inert gas, heating the enclosure and the first and second pluralities of metal pieces, and mechanically pressing the enclosure on a first axis with a force sufficient to cause the first and second pluralities of metal pieces to forge-weld together. The first and second pluralities of metal pieces may be metallurgically dissimilar from each other, and may each comprise a percentage of titanium.

Abstract: A multilayer engine bearing (10) includes a steel backing (12) having a liner (14) of bearing metal of either copper-lead or aluminum alloys formed on the backing (12). A multilayer overplate (24, 124) is formed on the base lining member (16) and includes at least a first layer (28, 128) electrodeposited from a bath at a first current density to a desired thickness, and at least one additional layer (26, 126) electrodeposited from the same bath but at a different current density and to a desired thickness to yield a composite lamellar overplate structure having layers with differing deposit characteristics, such as hard and soft layers, generated from the same bath at different current densities.

Abstract: Multilayer metal foil pads or panels for heat or sound insulation or shielding comprising two or more corrugated metal foil or metal sheet layers wherein a flat metal foil or metal sheet layer is positioned between each pair of corrugated layers. The corrugated layers and/or the flat layers may be embossed, patterned or textured to enhance performance of the pad or panel. A preferred pad or panel comprises an embossed, patterned or textured flat exterior layer adapted for contacting the surface to be insulated or shielded to provide air space between the pad or panel and the surface and to separate the first corrugated layer from the surface. Methods are provided for making the pads and panels, which are useful in automotive applications, food cooking devices and other uses.

Abstract: A retroflective laminated composite metal product and process for preparing reflective information markers in use where high volume traffic or construction areas require signage is provided, wherein the product exhibits excellent adhesion bonding characteristics between the aluminum surface and the adhesion backed retroflective surface, provides high rigidity and ease of fabrication while still passing the requirements of NCHRP 350.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention a reactive multilayer foil is fabricated by providing an assembly (stack or multilayer) of reactive layers, inserting the assembly into a jacket, deforming the jacketed assembly to reduce its cross sectional area, flattening the jacketed assembly into a sheet, and then removing the jacket. Advantageously, the assembly is wound into a cylinder before insertion into the jacket, and the jacketed assembly is cooled to a temperature below 100° C. during deforming. The resulting multilayer foil is advantageous as a freestanding reactive foil for use in bonding, ignition or propulsion.

Abstract: The instant invention provides a means and method for producing multi-laminar elements, said elements being suitable for operation in high temperature, atmospheric or vacuum environments such as those which may be required when processing materials such as substrates for semiconductors or for chemical vapor deposition.

Abstract: Reactive foils and their uses are provided as localized heat sources useful, for example, in ignition, joining and propulsion. An improved reactive foil is preferably a freestanding multilayered foil structure made up of alternating layers selected from materials that will react with one another in an exothermic and self-propagating reaction. Upon reacting, this foil supplies highly localized heat energy that may be applied, for example, to joining layers, or directly to bulk materials that are to be joined. This foil heat-source allows rapid bonding to occur at room temperature in virtually any environment (e.g., air, vacuum, water, etc.). If a joining material is used, the foil reaction will supply enough heat to melt the joining materials, which upon cooling will form a strong bond, joining two or more bulk materials. If no joining material is used, the foil reaction supplies heat directly to at least two bulk materials, melting a portion of each bulk, which upon cooling, form a strong bond.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer decorative and protective coating having the appearance of stainless steel. The coating comprises one or more electroplated layers on the surface of said article and vapor deposited on the electroplated layers a stack layer containing layers of refractory metal or metal alloy alternating with layers containing refractory metal nitrogen containing compounds and refractory metal alloy nitrogen containing compounds wherein the nitrogen content of the refractory metal nitrogen containing compounds and refractory metal alloy nitrogen containing compounds is from about 3 to about 22 atomic percent.

Abstract: An alloy material is formed on an underlying material, and the alloy material comprises an alloy doping element mixed into a bulk material. A first layer of material including the alloy doping element is deposited on the underlying material using a first type of deposition process. The first type of deposition process is corrosion resistive to the underlying material according to one aspect of the present invention. A second layer of material including the bulk material is deposited on the first layer of material using a second type of deposition process. A thermal anneal may be performed by heating the first layer of material and the second layer of material such that the alloy doping element is mixed into the bulk material to form the alloy material on the underlying material. The alloy doping element of the first layer of material deposited on the underlying material promotes adhesion of the alloy material to the underlying material.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer protective and decorative coating. The coating comprises a polymeric basecoat layer on the surface of said article, vapor deposited on the polymeric layer a stack layer comprised of alternating layers of refractory metal compound or refractory metal alloy compound alternating with refractory metal or refractory metal alloy, and vapor deposited on said stack layer a refractory metal compound or refractory metal alloy compound color layer.

Abstract: A nanolaminate structure comprises a plurality of adjacent metal layers with each layer having a thickness of less than about 1000 nanometers. The composition of the adjacent metal layers alternates between a first metal and a second metal, where at least one mechanical property of the nanolaminate is improved over the same mechanical property of the first and second metal.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage laminated material can be obtained which is capable of achieving reduction in weight as well as being mass-produced industrially while assuring excellent hydrogen storage capability. The hydrogen storage laminated material (10) has a laminated structure of a first layer (6a) and a second layer (7a), wherein the first layer is formed from an alloy or compound including an element of a group 2A or 3A or an element of at least one of the groups 2A and 3A, and at least partially includes a bcc structure, and the second layer is formed from an alloy or compound including an element of one of groups 6A, 7A and 8A or an element of at least one of the groups 6A, 7A and 8A.

Abstract: A target mark member having a mark pattern with a plurality of marks and a controlled width of the marks provides accuracy and efficiency in electron beam shape measurement and focus of the electron beam. The target mark member for adjusting a focus of an electron beam and measuring a shape of said electron beam in an electron beam processing apparatus includes a metal mark portion having a predetermined mark pattern, said metal mark portion comprising an epitaxial metal material; and a substrate that supports said metal mark portion.

Abstract: A laminated chromium plating layers providing improved wear resistance and fatigue strength for use in mechanical parts of an internal combustion engine. The lamination is formed on a base body and contains a plurality of high hardness chromium plating layer and a plurality of low hardness chromium plating layer, and each high hardness chromium plating layer is formed upon each low hardness chromium plating layer to provide the lamination of alternating high hardness chromium plating layer and low hardness chromium plating layer.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer coating comprising a polymeric layer deposited on the surface of the article, a chrome layer deposited on the polymeric layer, and a polyurethane layer deposited on the chrome layer.

Abstract: High reflectance, low intrinsic roughness and low stress multilayer systems for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography comprise amorphous layers MoRu and crystalline Be layers. Reflectance greater than 70% has been demonstrated for MoRu/Be multilayers with 50 bilayer pairs. Optical throughput of MoRu/Be multilayers can be 30-40% higher than that of Mo/Be multilayer coatings. The throughput can be improved using a diffusion barrier to make sharper interfaces. A capping layer on the top surface of the multilayer improves the long-term reflectance and EUV radiation stability of the multilayer by forming a very thin native oxide that is water resistant.

Abstract: An article comprising a metal circuit and/or a heat-radiating metal plate formed on a ceramic substrate, wherein the metal circuit and/or the heat-radiating metal plate comprise either (1) the following first metal-second metal bonded product, wherein the first metal and the second metal are different, or (2) the following first metal-third metal-second metal bonded product, and wherein in (1) and (2), the first metal is bonded to the ceramic substrate; first metal: a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), lead (Pb), platinum (Pt) and an alloy containing at least one of these metal components; second metal: a metal selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), aluminum (Al) and an alloy containing at least one of these metal components; and third metal: a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), zirconium (Zr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W) and an alloy containing at least one of these metal components.

Abstract: A metallic article includes a bond coating and a ceramic thermal barrier coating on the bond coating. The ceramic thermal barrier coating includes a plurality of columnar grains, which extend perpendicularly to the surface of the metallic article. Each columnar grain includes a plurality of layers. Some of the layers include sub-grains extending at an acute angle to the surface of the metallic article to form voids between adjacent sub-grains. The voids are arranged at an acute angle to the surface of the metallic article and reduce the thermal conductivity of the ceramic thermal barrier coating. Some of the layers include sub-grains extending perpendicularly to the surface of the metallic article to provide erosion resistance.

Abstract: An article having a coating comprising at least one nickel layer, a chrome layer, a sandwich layer comprised of titanium compound or titanium alloy compound layers alternating with titanium or titanium alloy layers, and a zirconium compound or zirconium alloy compound layer.

Abstract: Provided are a heat spreader that can reduce an increase in the thermal expansion coefficient up to high temperatures of not lower than 500.degree. C. and has an excellent thermal expansion property and an adequate heat-conductive property and a method of making the same. This heat spreader comprises high-thermal-conductivity layers made of a Cu-base metal, low-thermal-expansion layers made of an Fe--Ni-base alloy each of which layers is provided with a plurality of through holes, and thermal expansion-restraining layers of a metal with a thermal expansion coefficient .alpha. at 30-800.degree. C. of not more than 7.5.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree. C.

Abstract: A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) device is usable as a magnetic field sensor in magnetic disk drives or as a memory cell in a magnetic random access (MRAM) array. The MTJ device has a "pinned" ferromagnetic layer whose magnetization is oriented in the plane of the layer but is fixed so as not to be able to rotate in the presence of an applied magnetic field in the range of interest, a "free" ferromagnetic layer whose magnetization is able to be rotated in the plane of the layer relative to the fixed magnetization of the pinned ferromagnetic layer, and an insulating tunnel barrier layer located between and in contact with both ferromagnetic layers. The pinned ferromagnetic layer is pinned by interfacial exchange coupling with an adjacent antiferromagnetic layer. A high spin polarization ferromagnetic layer (Ni.sub.40 --Fe.sub.60) is placed near the tunnel barrier layer in both the pinned and free layers to enhance the magnetoresistive effect. The undesirable positive magnetostriction coefficient of the Ni.sub.

Abstract: An article, particularly a brass article, is coated with a multi-layer coating comprising a semi-bright nickel layer deposited on the surface of the article, a bright nickel layer deposited on the semi-bright nickel layer, a nickel-tungsten-boron layer deposited on the bright nickel layer, a chrome layer deposited on the nickel-tungsten-boron layer, a layer comprised of a non-precious refractory metal deposited on the chrome layer, a sandwich layer comprised of alternating layers of non-precious refractory metal compound, preferably zirconium nitride, and non-precious refractory metal, preferably zirconium, deposited on the non-precious refractory metal layer, a non-precious refractory metal compound such as zirconium nitride deposited on the sandwich layer, and a layer comprised of a non-precious refractory metal oxide or the reaction products of a non-precious refractory metal, oxygen and nitrogen deposited on the non-precious refractory metal compound layer.

Abstract: An electrical conductor has a copper base substrate coated with a tin base coating layer. To inhibit the formation of a copper/tin intermetallic and the resultant depletion of the free, unreacted, tin utilized as an oxidation and corrosion barrier, a barrier is interposed between the substrate and the coating. In a first embodiment, the barrier is formed from multiple constituent layers, at least one of which is copper. The thickness ("y") of the copper layer is dependent on the anticipated service temperature and satisfies the equation y=(-1.52+0.0871x+0.00859 t).+-.50% where t=anticipated time at the service temperature, x=anticipated service temperature (Celsius), and y=the thickness of the copper layer in microinches. In a second embodiment, the barrier layer is formed from one or more constituent layers, at least one of which is iron or iron base.

Abstract: There is disclosed a composite material for an electronic part which has high thermal conductivity in a laminated direction, and also has low-thermal expansion characteristics. The composite material, used for a heat sink or a heat spreader, includes high-thermal conductivity layers of copper or a copper alloy and low-thermal expansion layers of a Fe--Ni alloy which are alternatively laminated to form a multi-layer structure having not less than 10 layers and preferably not less than 50 layers. Any two adjacent ones of the high-thermal conductivity layers, having the low-thermal expansion layer interposed therebetween, are continuous with each other through a plurality of through holes formed through the low-thermal expansion layer.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer coating comprising a nickel layer, a refractory metal layer, preferably zirconium layer, a sandwich layer comprised of a plurality of alternating layers of a refractory metal compound and a refractory metal, a refractory metal compound layer on the sandwich layer, and a refractory metal oxide layer or a layer comprised of the reaction products of refractory metal, oxygen and nitrogen. The coating provides the color of polished brass to the article and also provides abrasion protection, corrosion protection, and improved acid resistance.

Abstract: A materials system in which exchange coupling is achievable has the potential for allowing direct overwriting of data and comprises at least two multilayer films of platinum and cobalt with independently controlled coercivity and Curie temperatures.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer coating comprising a nickel layer deposited on the surface of the article, a nickel-tungsten-boron layer deposited on the nickel layer, a refractory metal, preferably zirconium layer deposited on the nickel-tungsten-boron layer, a sandwich layer comprised of alternating layers of a refractory metal and of a refractory metal compound deposited on the refractory metal layer, a refractory metal compound layer, preferably zirconium nitride, deposited on the sandwich layer, and a layer comprised of a refractory metal oxide or the reaction products of a refractory metal, oxygen and nitrogen deposited on the refractory metal compound layer.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive element uses a multilayer film where ferromagnetic layers and nonferromagnetic layers are layered on each other, wherein a permanent magnet layer is formed on the aforementioned multilayer film through one of the nonferromagnetic layers and a bias field is applied on the multilayer film.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer coating comprising a nickel layer, a tin-nickel alloy layer, a non-precious refractory metal layer, a sandwich layer comprised of a plurality of alternating layers of non-precious refractory metal compound and of a non-precious refractory metal, a non-precious refractory metal compound layer, and a layer comprised of a non-precious refractory metal oxide or the reaction products of a non-precious refractory metal, oxygen and nitrogen.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer coating comprising at least one nickel layer deposited on the surface of the article, a palladium/nickel alloy layer deposited on the nickel layer, a refractory metal, preferably zirconium, layer deposited on the palladium/nickel alloy layer, a sandwich layer comprised of alternating layers of refractory metal compound and refractory metal deposited on the refractory metal layer, a refractory metal compound layer, preferably zirconium nitride, deposited on the sandwich layer, and a layer comprised of a refractory metal oxide or the reaction products of a refractory metal, oxygen and nitrogen deposited on the refractory metal compound layer. The coating provides the color of polished brass to the article and also provides abrasion and corrosion protection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to high-coercivity magnetic recording media used in a hard disk drive. The magnetic recording medium comprises a nonmagnetic substrate, a seed layer comprising NiAl alloy sputtered onto the substrate, a sublayer comprising CrV alloy sputtered onto the seed layer, a magnetic layer comprising CoCrPtTaNb alloy sputtered onto the sublayer, and a carbon overcoat sputtered onto the magnetic layer. The magnetic recording medium of such a structure has improved signal-to-noise ratio, coercivity, overwrite capability, and orientation ratio thereby greatly improving the storage density and read/write capacity of the magnetic recording medium. Furthermore, the coercivity of the magnetic layer of CoCrPtTaNb alloy according to the present invention can be as high as 4000 Oersteds even without the use of the NiAl seed layer.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive multilayer structure having ferromagnetic layers of Co codeposited with Cu. The codeposited layer has a total thickness between 1 and 20 .ANG.. The volume of Cu in the codeposited layers is between 1% and 120% of the volume of Co. The ferromagnetic layers are separated by layers of Cu. The resulting structure has low magnetoresistive hysteresis.

Abstract: A multilevel high density interconnect structure of a semiconductor device or package including a substrate having at least one conductive feature therein, a film of a polyimide composition on the substrate and selected from the group consisting of a cured product of a polyamic acid and a cured product of a polyamic ester. The polyamic acid is prepared by reacting a stoichiometric excess of a linear aromatic diamine and aromatic dianhydride to form a first reaction product where the molar ratio of said diamine to said aromatic anhydride is in the range from 100:97 to 100:99.5 and then reacting the first reaction product with an aromatic anhydride. The polyamic ester is prepared by reacting a stoichiometric excess of a linear aromatic diamine and an aromatic diester diacyl chloride to form a second reaction product where the molar ratio of said diamine to said diester diacyl chloride is in the range from 100:97 to 100:99.5 and then reacting the second reaction product with aromatic anhydride.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer coating comprising a nickel layer deposited on the surface of the article, a palladium layer deposited on the nickel layer, a palladium-nickel alloy layer deposited on the palladium layer, a non-precious refractory metal such as zirconium layer deposited on the palladium-nickel alloy layer, a sandwich layer comprised of alternating layers of a non-precious refractory metal compound such as zirconium nitride and a refractory metal such as zirconium deposited on the non-precious refractory metal layer, a non-precious refractory metal compound such as zirconium nitride layer deposited on the sandwich layer, and a layer comprised of a non-precious refractory metal oxide or the reaction products of a non-precious refractory metal such as zirconium, oxygen, and nitrogen deposited on the non-precious refractory metal compound layer.