Abstract: A magnetic refrigeration composition for magnetic refrigeration including at least three kinds of magnetic substances selected from the group consisting of magnetic substances having the formulaR'Al.sub.2, R'.sub.3 Al.sub.2, and R'Al.sub.2+.delta.wherein R' is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho and Er, provided that the total number of atoms satisfies the above formula and 0<.delta.<0.2, the composition being a mixture of the magnetic substances or a multilayered composition of the magnetic substances, and when a multilayered composition, each layer of the multilayered composition consists of one magnetic substance, wherein each kind of said at least three kinds of magnetic substances has a Curie temperature which is different from that of the other kinds and which preferably range up to about 77.degree. K.

Abstract: A composite body for rotary anodes of X-ray tubes is made from graphite, a carbide-forming, high-melting metal component and a multi-layered intermediate layer. The first layer of the intermediate layer closest to the graphite is made up of a metal or an alloy thereof which does not form a carbide. Applied over the first layer are at least two double layers. Each double layer has one individual layer of at least one carbide-forming metal or at least one carbide thereof, and a second individual layer of a metal or an alloy thereof which does not form a carbide. Preferred carbide-forming metals are tungsten, tantalum, hafnium and niobium. Preferred metals which do not form carbides are rhenium and platinum. In a preferred embodiment, the composite body is a rotary anode for X-ray tubes, with a basic body made of graphite and a burning track made of tungsten or a tungsten-rhenium alloy applied directly to the intermediate layer.

Abstract: An improved sputtering process for making a platinum/cobalt (Pt/Co) multilayer film comprised of alternating layers of platinum and cobalt, said improvement comprising using as the sputter gas krypton, xenon or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: An improved neutron reflecting supermirror structure comprising a plurality of stacked sets of bilayers of neutron reflecting materials. The improved neutron reflecting supermirror structure is adapted to provide extremely good performance at high incidence angles, i.e. up to four time the critical angle of standard neutron mirror structures. The reflection of neutrons striking the supermirror structure at a high critical angle provides enhanced neutron throughput, and hence more efficient and economical use of neutron sources. One layer of each set of bilayers consist of titanium, and the second layer of each set of bilayers consist of an alloy of nickel with carbon interstitially present in the nickel alloy.

Abstract: Laser light is irradiated on a multilayered magnetic thin film having a spin-glass characteristic consisting of a rare-earth metal and a conductive material, the film being heated to a predetermined temperature below the spin-glass transition temperature when recording information and heated to a temperature above the spin-glass transition temperature when erasing the information.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium is disclosed, comprising a substrate having thereon a recording layer comprising laminated thin films of rare earth metals and transition metals, wherein said recording layer has a structure such that a unit of laminated thin films is periodically laminated in the thickness direction of the recording layer, and each unit of said laminated thin films is composed of at least four thin films and includes a thin film of a rare earth metal having disposed adjacent to both surfaces of the thin film of the rare earth metal a thin film of a transition metal as the upper and lower layers.

Abstract: A storage medium comprising a multilayer system with at least one magnetic layer, of magneto-optical storage material, and at least one reflector layer, with an index of refraction n<1, which is at least as thick as one of the magnetic layers. The maximum thickness of each of the magnetic layers is inversely proportional to its absorption coefficient, K. In the magneto-optical multilayer system of the present invention, a large Kerr angle O.sub.K is obtained.

Abstract: Composite bodies comprise a metallic member and a ceramic member integrally joined together by joining a projection of the ceramic member to a recess of the metallic member. Their joining strength is improved by substantially limiting brazing metal to an interface between the outer peripheral surface of the projection of the ceramic member and the innner peripheral surface of the recess of the metallic member. The joining strength is also improved by forming a groove around the outer periphery of the metallic member at the joined end. The joining strength is also improved by providing a space or an intermediate member between a tip end surface of the projection and a bottom surface of the recess and attaining the relation: ##EQU1## in which G, L.sub.1, .alpha., .alpha.', T.sub.S and T.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetic multilayered film in which layers of Fe or of an alloy containing Fe as an essential constituent are laminated together with intermediate layers of a nonmagnetic metal. In an embodiment of the magnetic multilayered film, each of the Fe layers or each of the Fe alloy layers is epitaxially grown on at least part of each of the intermediate layers of the nonmagnetic metal. A magnetic head having the magnetic multilayered film is also disclosed. The nonmagnetic metal is at least one of those selected from the group consisting of V, Cr, Cu, Nb, W, Al and Pt.

Abstract: A decorative and protective coating is provided on articles by a composite of a dry metallized layer on the substrate, a substantially transparent base coating of a synthetic resin formulation, a decorative metal layer hereon and a substantially transparent top coating of a synthetic resin formulation. As a result, the metallic layer is visible through the top coating to provide the desired metallic appearance, and the thin metallic deposit on the surface of the substrate is visible through both of the resin coatings in the event that the continuity of the metallic layer is ruptured during use. The coatings are produced by dry metallizing the surface of the article to provide the thin metallic deposit, electrostatically spraying the base coating thereon and thereafter curing the coating. Dry metallizing the base coating to provide the decorative metallic layer and then depositing the top coating thereon and effecting its curing.

Abstract: An improved highly erosive and abrasive wear resistant multi-layered coating system on a substrate which provides protection against impact of large particles is disclosed comprising a plurality of composite layers. In each of the composite layers, the first layer closest to the substrate comprises tungsten of sufficient thickness to confer substantial erosion and abrasion wear resistance characteristics to the coating system and a second layer deposited on the first layer comprises a mixture of tungsten and tungsten carbide and the tungsten carbide comprises W.sub.2 C, W.sub.3 C, or a mixture of both. Because the resulting coating system has enhanced high cycle fatigue strength over the substrate, the coating system is especially useful on such structures as turbine blades and similar articles of manufacture where such high stress cycles occur during normal operation. Also dislcosed is the method for preparing such improved composite coating systems.

Abstract: Magnetic Fe alloy films in which at least nitrogen is compositionally modulated along the thickness of the film substantially in the form of a sine wave. By the compositional modulation, the Fe alloy film having high saturation magnetization is imparted with good resistances to corrosion and wear. The method of making a compositionally modulated Fe alloy film is described. The compositional modulation may be realized by merely superposing at least one nitrided layer and at least one nitride-free layer. The thermal treatment of the superposed layers is effective for the modulation where the content of the nitrogen in the film is compositionally modulated.

Abstract: An erosion and corrosion resistant coating is formed of a plurality of alternating layers of metallic and ceramic materials. The two materials selected for the layers have complementary wear resistant characteristics, such that one is relatively ductile and the other is relatively brittle. The concentration of the two materials at the interface between adjacent layers is graded to improve the adhesion of the layers and to provide a more unified coating. Prefereably radio-frequency sputtering is employed to deposit the coating, since it does not produce excessive heating which could negate any prior heat treatment of the substrate onto which the coating is deposited.

Abstract: Soft magnetic laminated materials having both superior wear resistance and a high saturation magnetization comprising Fe-Si alloy films 1 having small magnetostriction, and films 2 of an amorphous alloy or Fe-Si-Al alloy having both small magnetostriction and excellent wear resistance, said first and second films being alternately laminated, the thickness (t.sub.1) of the first film and the thickness (t.sub.

Abstract: A process for electrodepositing a multilayer deposit on an electrically-conductive substrate from a single electrodeposition bath yields a deposit which includes a sequence of essentially repeating groups of layers. Each group of layers comprises a layer of a first electrodeposited material and a layer of a second electrodeposited layer. The process includes the steps of immersing the substrate in an electrodeposition bath and repeatedly passing a charge burst of a first electric current and a second electric current through the electrodeposition bath to the substrate. The first electric current is a pulsed current with a first pulsed-on/off waveform and a first peak current density which is effective to electrodeposit the first electrodeposited material. The second electric current has a second waveform and a second current density which is effective to electrodeposit the second electrodeposited material.

Abstract: A multilayer photoconductive material wherein at least two kinds of alloys selected from the group consisting of amorphous silicon or germanium alloys comprising silicon and/or germanium and at least one element selected from the group consisting of carbon, fluorine and hydrogen are alternately laminated, the kinds of alloys of the adjacent layers being different from each other and the total number of the layers being at least 6, which has exhibits a high response speed and can be easily controlled in sensitivity not only to long wavelength light but also to short wavelength light.

Abstract: The disclosed magnetic nitride T-M-N film (T is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni and Mn; M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Nb, Zr, Ti, Ta, Hf, Cr, W and Mo; N is nitrogen (N)) has excellent wear resistance and high electric resistivity, and the compositionally modulated nitride film shows a soft magnetic property, as well as thermal stability of the properties.

Abstract: An improved shielding structure for providing shielding from X-ray and gamma radiation, containing at least two, and possibly three layers of material, provided in specific order from the side in which X-ray or gamma radiation is received. The first layer in order has K-edge and L.sub.I -edge levels of a first range. The second layer in order has K-edge levels between the K-edge and L.sub.I -edge levels, and lower than a secondary radiation level which is emitted by the first layer. A third layer in order has K-edge levels between the K-edge and L.sub.I -edge levels of the second layer. Materials such as uranium, lead, and gold, among others, may be used in the first layer. Materials such as tin and indium, among others, may be used in the second layer. Materials such as zinc, copper, nickel, and chromium, among others, may be used in the third layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a film comprising alternate layers of a metal such as zirconium and silicon. The film has a critical temperature at which the film can undergo explosive crystallization. The film undergoes explosive crystallization upon subjecting the film to an energy impulse at temperature equal to or greater than the critical temperature.

Abstract: Chipping, flaking, and cracking of mechanical galvanizing coatings applied on metal substrates is prevented by interposing between successive layers of plating metal, which are used in galvanizing the metal substrate, a layer of cushioning metal. Each interposed layer of cushioning metal imparts malleability to the coating such that chipping, cracking, and flaking is prevented or substantially reduced. The plating metal is preferably zinc, while the cushioning metal is preferably tin, lead, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A shielding article assembled by piling a plurality of multilayer sheets and fastening the sheets at one or both end portions, the multilayer sheet comprising an aluminium layer and a lead layer, wherein the thickness of the aluminium layer, the lead layer and the multilayer sheet are 10 to 100 .mu.m, twice the aluminium layer and 50 to 400 .mu.m, respectively. The shielding article is useful for shielding radioactive rays or sound and has excellent mechanical properties and heat resistance.

Abstract: A ferromagnetic material is composed of an iron alloy which contains 2 to 12% by weight of silicon and 5 to 25% by weight of at least one element selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium, platinum, gold and silver. This ferromagnetic material exhibits a high saturation flux density and good corrosion resistance. Excellent magnetic characteristics are obtained by a multilayered film which is obtained by alternatingly laminating the above ferromagnetic material and a spacer layer composed of other material. Further, a markedly increased recording density is exhibited by a magnetic head for perpendicular magnetic recording, when the end of the main pole is composed of the ferromagnetic material.

Abstract: A multilayered ferromagnetic amorphous alloy film is constituted by a plurality of main ferromagnetic material alloy films of a ferromagnetic amorphous alloy laminated one upon another with a spacer ferromagnetic material layer interposed therebetween, the spacer ferromagnetic material layer being of a ferromagnetic material different from the ferromagnetic alloy. Also disclosed is a magnetic head employing the above-described multilayered film for, at least, a portion of a core thereof. The multilayered film has excellent magnetic characteristics and is easily patterned.

Abstract: X-ray dispersive and reflective structures and materials are provided which exhibit at least one third of the theoretical integral reflection coefficient for the structures in the range of interest without fluorescence or absorption edges. The materials can be thermally activated to control the desired properties, during or post deposition. The structures can be deposited by ion beam absorption techniques to form the structures in a precise manner. The index of the refraction of the structures can be continuously varying throughout the structures.

Abstract: A film resistor for a flow measuring apparatus including: a substrate; a first insulating layer on the substrate; a platinum (Pt) pattern on the first insulating layer; and a second insulating layer on the platinum pattern. A titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) layer is provided between each of the first and second insulating layers and the platinum pattern.

Abstract: A laminated aluminum fluidic device is constructed by sequentially coating the facing side surfaces of the aluminum laminae with layers of zinc, nickel and solder, positioning the facing pairs of solder layers in intimate contact, and heating the coated laminae to fuse the facing solder layers.

Abstract: The film is composed of an alternate lamination of unit iron layers and unit layers of ferromagnetic iron compound such as Fe.sub.3 Al, Fe.sub.3 Si, Fe.sub.3 Ge and Fe.sub.3 Ga. The thickness of the both unit layers is less than 70 .ANG.. The film has a high saturation magnetization more than 230 emu/g and a high thermal stability so that the film is particularly applicable to a magnetic head core.

Abstract: A vertical magnetic recording medium comprises a non-magnetic substrate, a permalloy film consisting of plural permalloy layers separated by at least one non-magnetic layer placed therein, each of said plurality of permalloy layers being 2000 .ANG. or less thick, and a Co-Cr vertical magnetization film formed on the permalloy film directly or through another non-magnetic layer.

Abstract: A magnetic structure having improved permeability characteristics at very high frequencies and comprising a plurality of magnetic metal layers, together with electrically insulating layers which are interposed between successive magnetic metal layers to form a laminate therewith, and at least one conductive strip electrically connecting together at least two of the magnetic metal layers, the conductive strip being of lesser width than the surface on which it is located, and serving to reduce eddy current losses.

Abstract: A magnetic film structure comprises at least one magnetic film unit wherein a plurality of main magnetic films of 0.05 to 0.5 .mu.m thickness made of a magnetic alloy containing iron or cobalt as principal constituent and having a high saturation magnetic induction of 10,000 gauss or more and a magnetostriction of 10.sup.-6 or less are laminated through intermediate magnetic films made of a magnetic material such as a nickel and iron alloy or amorphous magnetic alloy different from that of the main magnetic film and being so thin that the influence of coercive force of the intermediate magnetic film does not come out. A plurality of the magnetic film units are also laminated through non-magnetic insulating films. The magnetic film structure has high saturation magnetic induction and low coercive force.

Abstract: Layered coherent structures characterized by periodic, alternating layers of cobalt and palladium and/or platinum exhibit perpendicular magnetic anistropy.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having a non-magnetic substrate on which a first bismuth Bi under layer, a first magnetic metal layer, a compound layer made of the magnetic metal, a second bismuth Bi under layer and a second magnetic metal layer are sequentially formed in this order.

Abstract: The surface of a metal article which is exposed to the atmosphere and abrasion during normal use of the article is protected from scratches and/or corrosion during such use by a thin transparent abrasion-resistant film of an inert non-metallic material such as SiO.sub.2, SiC, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, TiO.sub.2, MgO, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5, Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5, GeO.sub.2, spinel and selected colorless glass compositions. The protective film is preferably deposited by RF-sputtering techniques and undesirable coloration of the article by optical interference effects from incident light rays is avoided by properly correlating the film thickness with the refractive index of the particular material used to form the film. The invention permits the use of thinner gold plating on such items as articles of expensive jewelry and bracelets and cases for fine wristwatches without detracting from the quality, durability or appearance of the merchandise.

Abstract: A composite structure of thin films including alternating layers of relatively high conductivity metals and low conductivity metals to combine the effects of reflection and absorption and thereby maximize the attenuation of the structure. Additionally, a similar structure of layers of materials with differing magnetic permeabilities may be used for the same purpose.

Abstract: A new material consisting of a multilayer crystalline structure which is coherent perpendicular to the layers and where each layer is composed of a single crystalline element. The individual layers may vary from 2.ANG. to 100.ANG. or more in thickness.

Abstract: A film type light receiving element and a method for producing such an element in which the electric current ratio for light and dark input intensities is large while the resistance of an optically transmissive electrode is made low. Belt-shaped metal electrodes and a photoconductive film are provided on a smooth surface of an insulating substrate. The optically transmissive electrode film layer is formed on the photoconductive film. A portion of the optically transmissive electrode film adjacent the photoconductive film has a high specific resistance while the remaining portion has a low specific resistance. To form the portion having a low specific resistance, the film is formed by sputtering in an oxygen partial pressure close to a value at which a minimum specific resistance is obtained while to form the portion having a high specific resistance, the oxygen partial pressure is set to a value higher than the value at which the minimum specific resistance is obtained.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a film type light receiving element in which the electric current ratio for light and dark input intensities is maximized. Metal electrodes and a photoconductive film are provided in the form of belt-shaped layers on a flat smooth substrate such as a quartz layer. An optically transmissive electrode film of a tin oxide compound is formed thereon in a magnetron type sputtering device. Utilizing the fact that the electric current ratio for light and dark input intensities of the light receiving element varies according to the oxygen partial pressure of the sputtering atmosphere in the sputtering device, the oxygen partial pressure is set close to a value at which the electric current ratio for light and dark input intensities is at a peak value.

Abstract: This invention relates to an aluminum-zinc alloy coated ferrous base product which exhibits improved atmospheric corrosion resistance, and to the process whereby such improved corrosion resistance may be realized. The process is characterized by the steps of heating such coated product to a temperature within the single phase region for the composition corresponding to the aluminum and zinc of said coating, defined as .alpha. in the FIGURE in the accompanying drawing, preferably at a temperature between about 650.degree. F. (343.degree. C.) to 750.degree. F. (399.degree. C.), for a period of time to solution treat the aluminum-zinc alloy coating overlay, and cooling slowly to at least 350.degree. F. (177.degree. C.).

Abstract: A continuous layer of transparent material is formed on a base. A desired pattern of transparent electrically conductive material is included in the layer. The regions of the layer not included in the conductor pattern are insulative. The insulative material is preferably an indium oxide. Tin is preferably used as a dopant in the indium oxide to made it electrically conductive according to the desired pattern. The electrically conductive pattern is first formed in metallic tin. The tin pattern is diffused into a layer of metallic indium. The layer is then thermally oxidized to form the electrically conductive pattern as indium-tin-oxide (ITO) in indium sesquioxide, In.sub.2 O.sub.3, an insulator.

Abstract: Magnetic cores suitable for use in transformers, generators and motors are provided. The core is formed of a laminate of layers of substantially amorphous metal laminae compressed to a rigid composite.

Abstract: A flywheel is provided for storing rotational energy at high energy densities and which possesses a primary failure mode of delamination. The flywheel is constructed from glassy metal alloy strips having a high specific strength comparable to anisotropic fibers used in high energy density flywheels and, in addition, having isotropic or nondirectional strength properties allowing a fuller utilization of the strength of the material and thereby increasing energy storage capacities. The glassy metal alloy strips are formed into circular layers, and a plurality of layers are joined concentrically to build up the flywheel. Joining between strips and layers is accomplished with bonding means such that a substantially mechanically monolithic composite structure results, by providing a bonding shear strength at least about equal to the specific strength times the density divided by the aspect ratio of the glassy metal alloy strips.

Abstract: A metallization scheme for interconnection of elements in thin film and hybrid circuits is described. A thin layer of titanium is first formed, preferably by evaporation or sputtering, on the surface of the insulating substrate. A thin layer of copper is then formed in the same manner over the titanium layer. This is followed by electroplating of copper to a desired thickness onto selected portions of the Ti-Cu multilayer. Successive layers of nickel and gold are then selectively electroplated onto the plated copper regions. An additional layer of palladium may also be included between the titanium and copper layers for improved adhesion. The Ti-Cu-Ni-Au metallization system has been found unusually compatible with the major processing requirements of thin film circuits, for example, thermocompression bonding, soldering, via-hole coverage and resistor stabilization.

Abstract: This disclosure pertains to an electrodeposited chromium composite having ternating layers of high contraction and low contraction chromium. The laminated composite properties are enhanced because of thin layers of the same metal existing under different states of hardness, stress, orientation and microstructure. Thin layers of HC chromium are produced with a random orientation, low residual stress, and crack-free structure. The alternating LC chromium layers tend to duplicate the random structure of HC chromium through epitaxial growth. Accordingly, crack-free laminated chromium are produced having hardness values ranging from 655 to 1084 Knoop Hardness Numbers. By comparison, conventional high-contraction chromium shows hardness values between 1000 and 1100 KHN. However, the latter deposits are invariably micro-cracked.