Abstract: There is provided a sealed battery having excellent corrosion resistance and sealing performance. The sealed battery 1 includes a battery jacket can 2 having a bottom and being in a cylindrical or polyhedral shape. The battery jacket can 2 also serves as a collector of one of the electrodes. The battery jacket can 2 has an opening pointing upwards and accommodates active parts (3, 4, 5 and 20). The opening is sealed by a sealing part 10 that includes a flat metal sealing plate 6, a gasket 9 made of an insulator, and a terminal part 7 of the other electrode. In the sealing part, the terminal part is attached to the sealing plate 6 using the gasket 9. The sealing plate has a planar shape that matches a shape of the opening of the battery jacket can. The sealing plate is in a saucer shape whose edge section is bent upwards.

Abstract: An adhesion promotion process and composition for enhancing adhesion between a copper conducting layer and a dielectric material during manufacture of a printed circuit board. The composition contains a corrosion inhibitor, an inorganic acid, and an alcohol which is effective to increase copper-loading in the composition.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrode includes casting a molten metal in a mould to form an electrode with a header portion and a blade portion. The blade portion of the electrode is then rolled after it has been cast. The blade portion may be rolled into at least two different thicknesses. In one embodiment the metal is lead or lead alloy and the method relates to the forming of a lead or lead alloy anode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plain bearing composite material with a supporting layer made of a copper alloy, and with a lining applied to the bearing metal layer. The copper alloy can contain 0.5-5% by weight of nickel, 0.2 to 2.5% by weight of silicon and=0.1% by weight of lead. The lining can be a sputtered layer that is applied without an intermediate layer. The invention also relates to methods for producing this composite material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a slide bearing composite material which comprises a support layer from a copper alloy and a bearing coating applied to said support layer. The copper alloy may comprise 0.5 to 5% by weight of nickel, 0.2 to 2.5% by weight of silicon, ?0.1% by weight of lead. The bearing coating can be a galvanic layer, a sputter layer or a plastic layer. The invention also relates to methods of producing such a composite material.

Abstract: Provided is an adhesion assisting agent fitted metal foil, comprising an adhesion assisting agent layer having a thickness of 0.1 to 10 ?m on a metal whose surface has a ten-point average roughness Rz of 2.0 ?m or less, wherein the adhesion assisting agent layer is formed from an adhesion assisting agent composition comprising: (A) an epoxy resin selected from the group consisting of a novolak epoxy resin and an aralkyl epoxy resin; and (C) an epoxy resin curing agent.

Abstract: A method of producing a leadframe is provided, the method including the steps of providing a substrate, plating the substrate with a layer of tin, plating a layer of nickel over the layer of tin, and thereafter plating one or more protective layers over the layer of nickel. The leadframe may thereafter be heated to produce one or more intermetallic layers comprising tin, which impedes the out-diffusion of copper from a base material of the leadframe to the surface thereof.

Abstract: An article comprising the compound of Formula (I): wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic functionality having 1 to 12 carbons, an aromatic functionality having 3 to 20 carbons, and a cycloaliphatic functionality having 3 to 20 carbons; R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, an aliphatic functionality having 1 to 12 carbons, an aromatic functionality having 3 to 20 carbons, and a cycloaliphatic functionality having 3 to 20 carbons; Y is either an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; “n” has a value of 0 to 4; and “m” has a value of 0 to 3.

Abstract: Formation of a mixed-material composition through diffusion using photo-thermal energy. The diffusion may be used to create electrically conductive traces. The diffusion may take place between material layers on one of a package substrate, semiconductor substrate, substrate for a printed circuit board (PCB), or other multi-layered substrate. The photo-thermal energy may be supplied by various devices, for example a YAG laser device, CO2 laser device, or other energy source.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a coated substrate, comprising: an antitarnish layer deposited on a substrate in an amount effective to prevent tarnishing of said coated substrate; and an outer layer deposited onto said antitarnish layer, said outer layer comprising tin or tin alloys having at least 50% by weight tin. The present invention is also directed to coated substrates having a concentration gradient of antitarnish agent diffused into the coating, as well as methods of forming such coated substrates.

Abstract: A method for controlling silver doping of a chalcogenide glass in a resistance variable memory element is disclosed herein. The method includes forming a thin metal containing layer having a thickness of less than about 250 Angstroms over a second chalcogenide glass layer, formed over a first metal containing layer, formed over a first chalcogenide glass layer. The thin metal containing layer preferably is a silver layer. An electrode may be formed over the thin silver layer. The electrode preferably does not contain silver.

Abstract: Coloring master pellets for an optical molded article which are formed from a coloring composition, comprising a transparent thermoplastic resin (component A) containing a colorant (component B), wherein the proportion of pellets having colorant concentrations which satisfy a range of 0.5X to 1.5X when the concentrations of the colorants in the pellets are indicated in terms of absorbance and the average concentration is expressed as X is at least 90%. The coloring master pellets of the present invention have extremely small variations in the concentrations of colorants contained in the pellets. These master pellets are suitably used for obtaining an optical molded article such as an optical disk which has extremely few occurrences of color non-uniformity and color streaks and excellent electric properties.

Abstract: There are provided a copper-based sintered sliding material comprising a steel back metal layer, and a sintered layer made of Cu or a Cu-based alloy which is bonded onto the steel back metal layer, the steel back metal layer having a hardness not less than 160 Hv and an elongation not less than 10%, the sintered layer having a hardness not more than 130 Hv and crystal grains each provided with a grain size not more than 45 &mgr;m, a method of producing the sliding material, and a sliding bearing formed of the sliding material.

Abstract: In order to improve the wear resistance of the swash plate of a swash-plate type compressor, on which plate copper alloy is flame-sprayed, a composite material, which consists of copper or first copper alloy (for example Cu—Pb alloy) including at least unmelted phase and aluminum or first aluminum alloy (for example Al—Si alloy) including at least melted phase, is flame sprayed on the sliding surface with a shoe.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous electrode wire for use in electrical discharge machining and the method of manufacturing the same. The wire improves the machining speed at least 15% compared with a conventional zinc coated wire, which results from an increased cooling ability of the wire with a cooling liquid because of the increase in the surface area of the wire having porous surface morphology. Since the surface of the porous wire presents uniform profile of outer periphery rather than surface protrusions, it does not affect machining accuracy. Further, the porous nature of the wire is expected to improve flushability during the electrical discharge machining, providing spaces to eliminate particles of the machining. Therefore, in accordance with the method of the present invention, a zinc coated wire having improved performance of machining speed and flushability compared with a conventional coated wire can be provided without additional processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous electrode wire for use in electrical discharge machining device and the method of manufacturing the same. The wire improves the machining speed at least 15% compared with a conventional zinc coated wire, which results from an increased ability to cool the wire with a cooling liquid, because of the increase in the surface area of the wire due to its having porous surface morphology. Since the surface of the porous wire presents uniform profile of outer periphery rather than surface protrusions, it does not affect machining accuracy. Further, the porous nature of the wire is expected to improve flushability during electrical discharge machining, providing spaces to eliminate particles resulting from the machining. Therefore, in accordance with the method of the present invention, a zinc coated wire having improved performance of machining speed and flushability compared with a conventional coated wire can be provided without additional processes.

Abstract: The present invention is related to flexible information-carrying substrates, such as optical media discs, which can withstand the stresses of being handled, processed and deformed, yet maintain enough integrity and properties such that it can still be read without the use of a rigid adapter.

Abstract: A reduced CTE composite structure is made by providing a matrix material whose CTE is to be reduced, adding negative CTE bodies to the matrix material and mechanically coupling the matrix material to the negative CTE bodies as by deforming the composite structure. A preferred application is to make an improved composite material for use as a heat sink for semiconductor substrates with a minimum of thermal expansion mismatch.

Abstract: The formation of passivation coatings on ferrous substrates is disclosed by heating the substrate in an aqueous 1.0 to 6.0 M basic metal hydroxide treatment bath containing SiO2 and a water-soluble glycol, at a temperature that is effective to form a passivation coating on the substrate until the passivation coating is formed thereon, wherein the treatment bath contains from about 0.25 to about 1.0 moles of SiO2 per liter of glycol and water. Acmite passivation coatings formed by this method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A three-layer clad material in which stainless steel is used as the substrate, Ni or an Ni alloy is monolithically pressure-welded to either principal plane of the substrate, and Cu is monolithically pressure-welded to the other principal plane, wherein this high-strength, high-drawability clad material allows the thickness ratio of the stainless steel to be further increased, mechanical strength (tensile strength) to be raised above that of a conventional two- or three-layer clad material, and the thickness of the entire clad material to be reduced. Uniform tension can be created across the entire thin sheet, folding or creasing can be prevented from occurring during pressure welding, the thickness of the thin Ni and Cu sheets prior to pressure welding can be reduced to about 5 &mgr;m, and the thickness ratio of each of the thin sheets in the three-layer clad material for cell cases can be reduced to about 0.

Abstract: A sliding bearing, which comprises a lining and a bismuth or bismuth-alloy overlay having improved compatibility and fatigue resistance is provided. The overlay is characterized by the following orientation. The relative ratio of the X-ray diffraction intensity I[hkl] of the bismuth or bismuth-alloy overlay defined below satisfies the following conditions (a) and (b): (a) the relative ratio of the X-ray diffraction intensity I[hkl] of planes other than the {012} planes is from 0.2 to 5 times as high as the ratio of the X-ray diffraction intensity I[012], namely, 0.2I[012]≦I[hkl]≦5I[012] (b) the relative ratio of the X-ray diffraction intensity I[hkl] of three or more planes other than {012} planes ranges from 0.5 to 2 times as high as the ratio of the X-ray diffraction intensity I[012], namely, 0.5I[012]≦2I[012].

Abstract: An article of manufacture having a wear-resistant cylindrical surface is made up of a metallurgically tough base steel with a substantially cylindrical surface, a thin, cylindrical metal sleeve mated to and affixed to the cylindrical surface of the base steel, and a composite metallic coating containing particles having a hardness greater than Rockwell C 70 metallurgically bonded to the surface of the sleeve opposite the base steel/sleeve interface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous electrode wire for use in electrical discharge machining and the method of manufacturing the same. The wire improves the machining speed at least 15% compared with a conventional zinc coated wire, which results from an increased cooling ability of the wire with a cooling liquid because of the increase in the surface area of the wire having porous surface morphology. Since the surface of the porous wire presents uniform profile of outer periphery rather than surface protrusions, it does not affect machining accuracy. Further, the porous nature of the wire is expected to improve flushability during the electrical discharge machining, providing spaces to eliminate particles of the machining. Therefore, in accordance with the method of the present invention, a zinc coated wire having improved performance of machining speed and flushability compared with a conventional coated wire can be provided without additional processes.

Abstract: The bonding material for an electronic component comprises a metal material and fine resin particles dispersed in the metal material. Such a material may form an electrical “bump” for the component.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lead frame material and a process for manufacturing a lead frame material. The process includes forming an intermediate layer on a lead frame substrate by vacuum deposition and forming a top protective layer on the intermediate layer by vacuum deposition. By using vacuum deposition, the coating material can be selected from a wider variety of materials; thus, coatings with novel compositions can be formed. The intermediate layer can be Ni, Ag, W, Zn, Cr, Mo, Cu, Sn, Al, Ta, Co, Nb, or alloys thereof, and the top protective layer can be Pt, Ir, Re, Ru, Rh, Pd, Au, Ag, or alloys thereof.

Abstract: An article comprising a metal circuit and/or a heat-radiating metal plate formed on a ceramic substrate, wherein the metal circuit and/or the heat-radiating metal plate comprise either (1) the following first metal-second metal bonded product, wherein the first metal and the second metal are different, or (2) the following first metal-third metal-second metal bonded product, and wherein in (1) and (2), the first metal is bonded to the ceramic substrate; first metal: a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), lead (Pb), platinum (Pt) and an alloy containing at least one of these metal components; second metal: a metal selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), aluminum (Al) and an alloy containing at least one of these metal components; and third metal: a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), zirconium (Zr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W) and an alloy containing at least one of these metal components.

Abstract: An optical recording medium of the present invention includes a light-transmitting substrate having spiral or concentric grooves formed in at least one major surface, a phase change recording film which is formed on the grooved surface of the substrate and reversibly changes phase upon irradiation of a light beam and thereby changes optical characteristics, and a reflecting layer formed on the phase change recording film, characterized in that the spiral or concentric grooves form, on at least one major surface of the substrate, lands and grooves as a rewrite region in which data is rewritten, the distance between the outer perimeter of the rewrite region and the center of the spiral or circle of the grooves is 58.5 mm or less, and the distance between the centers of a land and a groove adjacent to each other is 0.61 .mu.m to 0.62 .mu.m.

Abstract: An optical recording medium includes a substrate having light transmission properties, which has laminated on a main surface thereof a recording layer and a metal reflection layer. The recording layer is made of a compounded organic dye thin film which contains a specified aromatic amine compound in an amount of not smaller than 3% by weight but below 30% by weight based on the total weight of the recording layer and a specified asymmetric cyanine dye having absorption to light having a wavelength of 500 to 700 nm in an amount of not smaller than 30% by weight but below 97% by weight based on the total weight of the recording layer. The recording layer is applicable to a short-wavelength (500 to 700 nm) semiconductor laser so that an optical recording medium according to the DVD-ROM standards having excellent stability of the dye film and allowing a decrease in jitter component upon high density recording.

Abstract: Focusing and tracking can be stably performed using an optical information recording medium in which a high reflectivity and a large reflective change amount can be attained, and the reflectivity change amounts of the lands and grooves are set equal to each other by forming, between a transparent substrate and a first protective layer, an interference layer containing at least one material selected from the group consisting of Au, Ag, Cu, Si, and Ge. Even if information is recorded on the lands and the grooves, it can be recorded/reproduced without any crosstalk from an adjacent track.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium includes a first substrate; at least a first dielectric layer and a recording layer for signal recording provided on a surface of the first substrate; and a second substrate. The first substrate and the second substrate are assembled together in the state of being warped in planar symmetry and flattened. The first dielectric layer and the recording layer is interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A novel optical recording medium having at least a recording layer and a reflective layer on a substrate is herein disclosed, wherein at least one dipyrromethene metal chelate compound represented by formula (1) is contained in the recording layer: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.9 are each independently an alkenyl group, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group; R.sub.2 to R.sub.8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group having 20 or less carbon atoms; and M is a transition metal.

Abstract: To provide an optical disk with high mass producibility and excellent optical properties, mechanical precision, and mechanical strength, as well as a method for the simple and efficient manufacturing of this optical disk.Comprises a substrate 101 of an extrusion molded sheet of a material consisting primarily of a polyolefin polymer which has been processed into a disk, and a data recording medium surface which consists of a photocuring resin layer 102 formed on the substrate 101 and on which bumps have been formed based on prescribed data.

Abstract: A phase-change optical disc that is adapted to weaken a self-sharpening effect and to be driven by a pulse width modulation system. In the disc, a dielectric layer formed on the surface of a recording layer and a heat flow control layer is sequentially disposed. The heat flow control layer is formed to include a material having a high heat conductivity and a material having a low heat conductivity.

Abstract: An optical data storage disc having a first component disc formed over one side with a pattern of indentations defining digital data, the indented side of the first component disc being provided with a reflective coating, and a second component disc being bonded to the indented side of the first component disc. The second component disc carries a surface relief pattern having continuous variations in depth over a range of depths, and defining a holographic, or other optically variable, image.

Abstract: An information recording medium comprising a substrate having a recording surface provided with emboss pits or guiding grooves, a reflective film formed on the recording surface of the substrate, and a first protective film formed on the reflective film. This information recording medium is featured in that both sides of the information recording medium are constituted by a first surface provided with the protective film and by a second surface formed opposite to the first surface, and that an irradiated light beam is irradiated through the first surface, a recorded information being reproduced based on changes in light intensity of the reflected light beam. The distance between the recording surface of the substrate and the light incident surface is smaller than a thickness of the substrate, and a surface roughness "R" of the light incident surface meets a relationship represented by the following formula (1):R.ltoreq..lambda./(8n) (1)wherein .lambda.

Abstract: A description is given of a rewritable optical information medium having an IPIAIM stack comprising a phase-change recording layer sandwiched between two dielectric layers, a light-absorbing layer of a material like Si, Ge, Mo, or W, a third dielectric layer, and a metal mirror layer. The light-absorbing layer reduces the difference in light absorption between the amorphous state and the crystalline state to a minimum, thus reducing the recording mark distortion. The presence of the light-absorbing layer in this position ensures that the optical phase difference between the amorphous and the crystalline state is almost zero, making the medium suitable for land-groove recording.

Abstract: A magnetic recording has very low warp characteristics but excellent film characteristics. Particularly, the recording medium has a high coercivity with a small range of coercivity distribution, with a warp characteristic below 3 .mu.m per radial inch. The medium is formed by heating a substrate at a high temperature with a temperature distribution on the substrate that is improved by the use of a heat distribution mask, which reduces the temperature distribution of the substrate to below .+-.3%.

Abstract: An optical recording medium according to the present invention includes a data recording area forming a double spiral structured track having spiral recording tracks each formed of a groove and a land adjacent to the groove, and a reproduction only area forming a single spiral structured track consisting of a pit row.

Abstract: In the phase change type optical recording medium of the present invention, loss of reliability by high-temperature storage is prevented, and self-erasure (a phenomenon of partial erasure of the record mark by heat diffusion in the lateral direction during the irradiation of the recording laser beam) is suppressed. There is thus provided an optical recording medium designed for use in a drive system wherein overwriting is conducted at a linear velocity V.sub.0 which satisfies the relation:0.6<V.sub.2nd /V.sub.0 <1.25when V.sub.2nd is the overwriting linear velocity at which the frequency component corresponding to the second harmonic of the frequency of the recording signal used for the overwriting is minimized when the record marks formed by the overwriting are reproduced and measured for such frequency component. Also provided is an optical recording medium adapted for use in a drive system wherein overwriting is conducted at a linear velocity V.sub.

Abstract: In a phase-change recording medium, a recording medium is provided with a barrier layer including Ge--N, Ge--N--O between a recording layer and a dielectric protective layer in order to prevent a chemical reaction and an atom diffusion between the recording layer and the dielectric protective layer. A barrier material can be also applied to the protective layer itself. Thereby, it is possible to considerably suppress a reduction of a reflectivity and a reduction of a signal amplitude due to the repeat of recording and erasing, such reductions being observed in a conventional phase-change optical information recording medium, and thereby the number of overwriting times can be increased.

Abstract: A storage media is provided. The surface of the media is made to vary by an insubstantial amount relative to a datum to provide for improved flyability of a head over the surface.

Abstract: A phase-change recording medium having a recording layer (4) made of a Ge--Sb--Te alloy, comprises an interface reflection control layer (3) provided on a laser beam incident side of the recording layer (4). The interface reflection control layer (3) has an extinction coefficient k and a refractive index n, simultaneously satisfying: k.gtoreq.0.22n+0.14, k.ltoreq.0.88n-0.19, and n.ltoreq.2.8. From the foregoing, it follows that the intensity ratio between the reflected wave from and the incident wave on the interface between the recording layer (4) and the interface reflection control layer (3) is led to a specified range.As a result, for the recording layer (4) the ratio (Ac/Aa) of the light absorption rate (Ac) in the crystalline state to the light absorption rate (Aa) in the amorphous state increases. Furthermore, the optical contrast also has a sufficiently high value. It is therefore possible to produce a high quality readout signal in recording by overwriting.

Abstract: A phase change type optical recording medium comprises a dielectric layer 1a, a dielectric layer 1b, a phase change type recording layer and a second dielectric layer in the described order. The recording layer satisfies Ac/Aa.gtoreq.0.8 where Ac is an absorption coefficient of the recording layer in a crystalline region and Aa is an absorption coefficient of the recording layer in an amorphous region. The dielectric layer 1a comprises ZnS--SiO.sub.2 as main components and the dielectric layer 1b comprises a metal nitride or ZnS--SiO.sub.2 having an SiO.sub.2 content of 40 to 80 mol % as main components. At least an area of the second dielectric layer that is in contact with the recording layer comprises a metal nitride, a rare earth oxide, silicon oxide or ZnS--SiO.sub.2 having an SiO.sub.2 content of at least 40 mol% as main components. However, an optical recording medium comprising a dielectric layer 1a having an SiO.sub.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing the PCE optical information recording disk under control of not only the crystallization velocity but also the complex index of refraction and thus the reflectance on the disk surface.The PCE optical information recording disk is suitable to be used under the constant angular velocity (the constant rotational numbers wherein the disk has a characteristic that the crystallization velocity is designed to become faster from inside area of the disk to outside area in the radical direction thereof under control of not only the crystallization velocity but also the complex index of refraction and thus the reflectance on the disk surface.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical information recording medium having an excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, and improved overwrite cycle property can be provided by forming the dielectric layer by using a mixed target comprising ZnS and SiO.sub.2 in an atmosphere comprising rare gas and at least oxygen at the side where the dielectric layer does not contact to the recording layer. The optical information recording medium is manufactured by using the substrate, the recording layer comprising a material that varies reversibly between the optically identifiable states by an irradiation of a laser beam, and the dielectric layer at least one side of which has a two-layered structure at the upper and lower sides of the recording layer. At least one of the dielectric layers that does not contact to the recording layer is formed by using a mixed target comprising ZnS and SiO.sub.2 in a mixed atmosphere comprising rare gas and oxygen.

Abstract: The optical recording medium of this invention includes: a first substrate having a first information surface; a semitransparent reflection film formed on the first information surface of the first substrate; a second substrate having a second information surface; a reflection film formed on the second information surface of the second substrate; and an adhesive layer for adhering the first substrate and the second substrate so that the first information surface and the second information surface face each other, wherein the thickness of the first substrate is 0.56 mm or more, the thickness of the adhesive layer is 30 .mu.m or more, and the total thickness of the first substrate and the adhesive layer is 0.68 mm or less.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical recording medium, in particular to a compact disc, comprising the following layers:a) a transparent substrate with a spiral having an indented or protruding geometry; superposed byb) a recording layer; optionally superposed byc) a protective coating, wherein the recording layer comprises a partially transparent layer; superposed by a transparent buffer layer comprising a cross-linked material; superposed by a thick layer, said layers forming together a Fabry-Perot etalon.

Abstract: A lead-free solder contains nickel, silver and tin. A soldered article is a workpiece containing a transition metal conductor capable of readily diffusing into melted tin; and the lead-free solder; wherein the lead-free solder is applied and bonded to the workpiece so as to be electrically and mechanically bonded to the transition metal conductor. The lead-free solder and soldered article barely cause electrode erosion during soldering or during aging after soldering, and have high tensile strength and thermal impact resistance.

Abstract: A method of introducing an anti-tarnish agent into the matrix of a tin coating to reduce oxidation and/or yellowing of the tin coating. The agent is preferably zinc, indium or phosphorous and can be deposited in a molten form to alloy with the existing tin coating. Alternatively, the existing tin coating may be exposed to a chemical bath including the agent and later heated to reflow the tin coating and agent thereby incorporating the agent into the matrix of the tin coating.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a glass substrate of a disk for recording information, containing oxides of rare earth elements and fine particles dispersed therein, and a disk for recording information and a disk apparatus for recording information using the glass substrate of the disk are provided. The glass substrate of the disk for recording information having preferable mechanical characteristics, as well as superior chemical stability, thermal stability, flatness, and transparency is provided, and a disk for recording information and a disk apparatus for recording information using the glass substrate of the disk are provided.