Abstract: Photoluminescent materials useful for detection of infrared light are prepared using a base material, first and second dopants, barium sulfate and a fusable salt. The base material is an alkaline earth metal sulfide or selenide such as strontium sulfide. Barium sulfate is used to increase the brightness of output light, whereas lithium fluoride is used to allow the material to be fused together. Samarium and cerium oxide are used as the first and second dopants for providing electron traps. The photoluminescent material is made according to a process involving heating of the material to a fusing temperature, grinding the material after cooling, and reheating the material to below the fusing temperature, but sufficiently high to repair the crystal surfaces. An infrared sensing device or card may be constructed by placing the material in a transparent binder and applying it to a substrate. The material and its substrate may then by encapsulated.

Abstract: Photoluminescent materials useful for detection of infrared light are prepared using a base material, first and second dopants, barium sulfate and a fusable salt. The base material is an alkaline earth metal sulfide or selenide such as strontium sulfide. Barium sulfate is used to increase the brightness of output light, whereas lithium fluoride is used to allow the material to be fused together. Samarium and europium oxide are used as the first and second dopants for providing electron traps. The photoluminescent material is made according to a process involving heating of the material to a fusing temperature, grinding the material after cooling, and reheating the material to below the fusing temperature, but sufficiently high to repair the crystal surfaces. An infrared sensing device or card is constructed by placing the material in a transparent binder and applying it to a substrate. The material and substrate may then by encapsulated.

Abstract: A radiation image storage panel comprising a support and phosphor layers provided thereon which comprises a binder and a stimulable phosphor dispersed therein, characterized in that said phosphor layer include at least two layers of the first phosphor layer provided on the support and the second phosphor layer provided on the side nearer to the front surface of the panel than said first phosphor layer, and that the mixing ratio of the binder to the stimulable phosphor in the first phosphor layer is larger than the mixing ratio of the binder to the stimulable phosphor in the second phosphor layer.

Abstract: A bismuth activated alkali metal halide phosphor having the formula (I):M.sup.I X:xBi (I)in which M.sup.I is at least one alkali metal selected from the group consisting of Rb and Cs; X is at least one halogen selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br and I; and x is a number satisfying the condition of 0<x.ltoreq.0.2. A process for the preparation of said phosphor, a radiation image recording and reproducing method utilizing said phosphor, and a radiation image storage panel employing said phosphor are also disclosed.

Abstract: A divalent europium activated cesium rubidium halide phosphor having the formula (I):CsX.multidot.aRbX':xEu.sup.2+ (I)in which each of X and X' is at least one halogen selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br ad I; and a and x are numbers satisfying the conditions of 0<a.ltoreq.10.0 and 0<x.ltoreq.0.2, respectively. A process for the preparation of said phosphor, a radiation image recording and reproducing method utilizing said phosphor, and a radiation image storage panel employing said phosphor are also disclosed.

Abstract: A thin-film electroluminescence device comprises a plate-like transparent electrode formed on a transparent substrate. A first insulating layer is formed on the transparent electrode. A second insulating layer is mounted on an electroluminescent layer made of ZnS:Mn and formed on the first insulating layer. A plate-like back electrode is provided on the second insulating layer. The first and second insulating layers are each made of gadolinium oxide of a purity level of over 99.9% and have a thickness of 0.05 to 0.8 .mu.m.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming a hard, carbonaceous film on a substrate and the hard carbonaceous film formed thereby. The hard carbonaceous film is formed by decomposing a gaseous hydrocarbon having carbon atoms tetrahedrally coordinated to its nearest neighbors through carbon-carbon single bonds. The gaseous hydrocarbon is decomposed in a radio frequency maintained plasma and the plasma decomposition products are deposited on a cathodic substrate. Optionally, fluorocarbons may be present in a decomposition gas.

Abstract: A thin film luminescent device comprises a luminescent layer which consists essentially of a luminous matrix compound of an alkaline earth metal sulfide, a luminescent center element of the rare earth elements embedded in the matrix compound, and additives of copper incorporated in the matrix compound. The content of copper is not more than 1 wt % with respect to the amount of the alkaline earth metal sulfide in the thin film luminescent layer.

Abstract: A thin film EL panel including at least a transparent electrode, an EL luminescent layer, an insulating layer and an opposite electrode laminated on a transparent insulating substrate, wherein the thin-film-formed side of the substrate is sealed by a moisture-proof film with a thermoplastic resin interposed between them.

Abstract: A cerium activated rare earth complex halide phosphor having the formula (I):LnX.sub.3 .multidot.aLn'X'.sub.3 :xCe.sup.3+ (I)in which each of Ln and Ln' is at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Gd and Lu; each of X and X' is at least one halogen selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I, and X.noteq.X'; and a and x are numbers satisfying the conditions of 0.1.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.10.0 and 0<x.ltoreq.0.2, respectively. A process for the preparation of said phosphor, a radiation image recording and reproducing method utilizing said phosphor, and a radiation image storage panel employing said phosphor are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electroluminecent device comprises a pair of electrodes, two luminescent layers provided between the pair of electrodes, and an electrode provided between the two luminescent layers, at least one of said two luminescent layers having a layer comprising a monomolecular film of an organic compound or a built-up film thereof.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device comprises a luminescent layer and a pair of electrodes between which the luminescent layer is sandwiched, said luminescent layer comprising one layer comprising a relatively electron-acceptable organic compound and a compound capable of being an electron-donor or electron-acceptor to said compound, another layer comprising a relatively electron-donative organic compound and a compound capable of being an electron-acceptor or electron-donor to said compound, and still another layer having electrical insulating property, said three layers being repeatedly accumulated, and at least one of the three layers having a monomolecular film or a monomolecular layer built-up film.

Abstract: A radiation image storage panel comprising a support and a phosphor layer provided thereon which comprises a binder and a stimulable phosphor dispersed therein, characterized in that said phosphor layer consists essentially of one part on the support side which contains the stimulable phosphor and the other part on the panel surface side which does not substantially contain the stimulable phosphor. Processes for the preparation of said radiation image storage panel are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device includes a tin oxide electrode having a textured surface with a phosphor layer interposed between dielectric layers overlying the textured surface. The textured surface propagates through the overlying layers so as to reduce the amount of generated light trapped in the device structure and increase the output brightness of the device.

Abstract: An electroluminescence device capable of emitting white light is disclosed which comprises a SrS layer with Ce added thereto as an activator and a ZnS layer with Mn added thereto as an activator.

Abstract: A thin film EL device having a double-insulated structure and comprising an emitting layer made of an alkaline-earth sulfide as its host material and doped with Eu.sup.2+ for providing luminescent centers. The emitting layer has a Eu concentration of 0.15 to 0.75 atm. % and a controlled thickness of at least 1.3 .mu.m to impart hysteresis to the brightness vs. applied voltage characteristics of the device.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device comprising a luminescent layer is provided. The luminescent layer comprises a mixed monomolecular film of at least one electroluminescent organic compound and at least one organic compound which is different in electro-negativity from said organic compound or a built-up film thereof.The luminescent layer may be of a double-layer structure wherein a first layer of the luminescent layer comprises a mixed monomolecular film of an electroluminescent organic compound which is electron-acceptable relative to a second layer of the luminescent layer and an organic compound which is electron-acceptable relative to said compound or a built-up film thereof, and the second layer comprises a mixed monomolecular film of an electroluminescent organic compound which is electron-donative relative to the first layer and an organic compound which is electron-donative relative to said compound or a built-up film thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thin film EL device comprising an electrode layer, an emitting layer and an electrode layer formed on a substrate one over another, and an insulating layer interposed between the three layers, the emitting layer containing atoms of a rare-earth element and fluorine atoms in its host material, the atom ratio (F/RE) of the fluorine atoms (F) to the rare-earth atoms (RE) being adjusted to the range of 0.5 to 2.5, and a process for producing the EL device being characterized in that the emitting layer is prepared by forming a film under a condition substantially free from oxygen gas and/or moisture and subjecting the film to a heat treatment at a temperature of 200.degree. C. to 700.degree. C. so that the host material of the emitting layer contains atoms of a rare-earth element (RE) and fluorine atoms (F) in an adjusted atom ratio (F/RE) in the range of 0.5 to 2.5.

Abstract: An intensifying screen comprising: a support, a fluorescent layer on the support and a protective layer on the fluorescent layer, wherein the fluorescent layer is composed essentially of a blue emitting phosphor selected from the group consisting of (1) a M.sup.II WO.sub.4 phosphor wherein M.sup.II is at least one of Mg, Ca, Zn and Cd, (2) a CaWO.sub.4 phosphor, (3) a BaSO.sub.4 :Pb phosphor, (4) a BaSO.sub.4 :Eu.sup.2+ phosphor, (5) a (Ba, Sr)SO.sub.4 :Eu.sup.2+ phosphor, (6) a MeF.sub.2.pMe'X.sub.2.qKX'.rMe"SO.sub.4 :mEu.sup.2+, nTb.sup.3+ phosphor, wherein Me is at least one of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba, each of Me' and Me" is at least one of Ca, Sr and Ba, each of X and X' is at least one of Cl and Br, and p, q, r, m and n are numbers which satisfy the conditions of 0.80.ltoreq.p.ltoreq.1.5, 0.ltoreq.q.ltoreq.2.0, 0.ltoreq.r.ltoreq.1.0, 0.001.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.0.10 and 0.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.0.05, respectively, provided q+r.noteq.0, (7) a LnOX:Tm phosphor wherein Ln is La or Gd, and X is Cl or Br, (8) a Ln(Ta.sub.

Abstract: A divalent europium activated barium fluorohalide phosphor having the formula (I):(Ba.sub.1-a,M.sup.II.sub.a)FX.multidot.bNaX'.multidot.c{Si}.multidot.d{Al}: xEu.sup.2+ (I)in which M.sup.II is at least one alkaline earth metal selected from the group consisting of Ca and Sr; each of X and X' is at least one halogen selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br and I; {Si} and {Al} are respectively Si component and Al Component; a, b and x are numbers satisfying the conditions of 0.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.5.times.10.sup.-2, 0<b.ltoreq.2.0 and 0<x.ltoreq.0.2, respectively; and c and d are numbers satisfying the conditions of 10.sup.-5 .ltoreq.c+d.ltoreq.0.5 and 0<c/(c+d)<1.0. A radiation image storage panel employing said phosphor is also disclosed.

Abstract: Low-velocity electron excited phosphor of the mixture-type is disclosed which is capable of being used for the patterning of phosphor layers by photolithography. The phosphor comprises a phosphor material in the form of particles and a conductive material in the form of fine particles securely deposited thereon by means of an organic binder. Also, a process for preparing such phosphor is disclosed.

Abstract: In an electroluminescent panel comprising a first or transparent electrode, a second or back electrode, and an intermediate layer between the first and the second electrodes, a dielectric layer is included in the intermediate layer and comprises a mixture of tantalum oxide and aluminum oxide. The dielectric layer results from a target of tantalum pentoxide and aluminum oxide by the use of sputtering. Preferably, the target comprises the tantalum oxide and aluminum oxide in a ratio selected between 50:50 and 95:5 by weight. The dielectric layer may be divided into first and second dielectric films which underlies and overlies the electroluminescent layer, respectively. The electroluminescent layer may also be divided into first and second electroluminescent films with a transparent dielectric film interposed therebetween.

Abstract: New black color insulator thin films comprising Pr oxide, composite oxides of Pr-Mn, Pr-Ni, Pr-Co or Mn oxide are used to constitute at least one part or all parts of interface film between a phosphor film and a back electrode film of an AC thin film EL panel; and the panel with such a high contrast as 5:1 even at an illumination of 400 lux has been obtained.

Abstract: X-ray intensifying screen comprising, in order, support; fluorescent phosphor containing active layer; and protective topcoat which is a flexible film of a fluorine containing polymer, the topcoat being energy treated under oxidative condition, e.g., corona discharge, etc., and having an antistatic agent applied thereto, e.g., from a solution containing at least 0.1% by weight of an anionic, cationic, nonionic or amphoteric antistatic agent. The X-ray intensifying screens have improved resistance to static.

Abstract: A thin-film light emitting element in which the light color emitted from the light emitting element can be voluntary changed in accordance with an electric power source applied to the light emitting element by utilizing scattering, accumulation, and discharge of an electric charge in a gate layer disposed between active layers of the light emitting element.

Abstract: An electroluminescent element, especially a thin-film electroluminescent element in which the dielectric film layer provided on at least one side of an electroluminor layer is essentially composed of the materials represented by the following compositional formula:x(Ti.sub.1-s A.sub.s O.sub.2) and y(Sr.sub.1-t B.sub.t O)wherein A is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Zr, Hf and Sn, and B is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ba and Ca. In the above formula, x+y=100 mol %, 0.ltoreq.s<1, 0.ltoreq.t<1, 40.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.80 mol %, and 20.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.60 mol %, but x and y cannot be equal to each other and also s and t cannot be 0 at the same time.

Abstract: A cerium activated rare earth halophosphate phosphor having the formula (I):LnPO.sub.4.aLnX.sub.3 :xCe.sup.3+ (I)in which Ln is at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Gd and Lu; X is at least one halogen selected from the group consisting of f, Cl, Br and I; and a and x are numbers satisfying the conditions of 0.1.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.10.0 and 0<x.ltoreq.0.2, respectively. A process for the preparation of said phosphor, a radiation image recording and reproducing method utilizing said phosphor, and a radiation image storage panel employing said phosphor are also disclosed.

Abstract: A dispersion electroluminescence element comprising a fluorescent powder layer which is formed on a transparent electrode by coating process and a counter electrode facing said transparent electrode with said fluorescent powder layer interposed therebetween, characterized in that the fluorescent particles in the fluorescent material layer are coated with copper after forming the layer on the transparent electrode and then laminating the counter electrode thereon.

Abstract: In an electroluminescent panel comprising a transparent electrode, a back electrode, an electroluminescent layer between the transparent and the back electrodes, and a light absorption layer between the electroluminescent layer and the back electrode, the light absorption layer comprises a lower-order oxide of germanium and has a light absorption coefficient which is not smaller than 3.3.times.10.sup.-4 cm.sup.-1. The light absorption coefficient may be discretely or continuously increased from an electroluminescent layer side towards a back electrode side. The light absorption layer may be selectively deposited under the back electrode when it has a low resistivity.

Abstract: A luminescent screen for a picture display apparatus comprising a plate glass screen 1 and a luminophore layer 6 formed on the glass plate in depressions 4 that are surrounded by a black pigmented contrasted border layer 5. The luminescent screen has an optimum color purity and in particular off-color combinations on the surface of the layer of the respective color should be avoided and is undesirable. For this purpose, the invention provides that the luminous colors of the luminophore layer 6 comprising the luminous colors red (R), green (G) and blue (B) are applied to the screen glass plate 1 in a raster of line-like systematic arrangements by using a silk screening process. Luminescent screen according to the invention is employed as a flat plasma picture screen.

Abstract: The development of a dielectric thin-film which is high (140 MV/cm or above) in product of dielectric constant .epsilon..sub.i and dielectric breakdown field strength E.sub.ib is essential for realizing an EL element which can operate stably at a low voltage. Such dielectric film is also required which can withstand heat treatments at high temperatures above 500.degree. C. and is proof against clouding and in which the electrical breakdown caused by a minute fault produced in the process of film formation is self-healed. A film material which satisfies all of these requirements could be obtained from a TiO.sub.2 -BaO based composition by partially substituting the position of Ti with Sn, Zr or Hf and also partially substituting the position of Ba with Ca or Mg. By using these dielectric films, it is possible to obtain a low-voltage drive thin-film electroluminescent element which are high in production yield and reliability.

Abstract: An x-ray image storage screen for use in converting x-ray images into video pictures by the use of applied heat, such as a laser beam, has an active substance for the storage layer which is an alkaline earth-mixed halogen system having the formula BaF.sub.2 (Br, Cl):Eu:Sr, with barium fluoride (BaF.sub.2) comprising 0.6 mol, and the barium chloride (BaCl.sub.2) and the barium bromide (BaBr.sub.2) comprising the remaining 0.4 mol, preferably in equal portions, and wherein the activator europium (Eu) does not exceed 10.sup.-4 g-atom and the activator strontium (Sr) does not exceed 10.sup.-2 g-atom.

Abstract: A zinc silicate phosphor represented by the formula:(Zn.sub.1-x-2y, M.sup.II.sub.x, Na.sub.2y).sub.2 SiO.sub.4 :Mn.sub.a, As.sub.b, M.sub.c (I)where M.sup.II is at least one element selected from the group consisting of barium, calcium and strontium, M is at least one of antimony and bismuth, and x, y, a, b and c satisfy the conditions of O.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.5.times.10.sup.-2, O.ltoreq.2y.ltoreq.5.times.10.sup.-3, 5.times.10.sup.-5 .ltoreq.a.ltoreq.3.times.10.sup.-2, O.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.5.times.10.sup.-3 and O<c.ltoreq.1.times.10.sup.-2, respectively (provided x+2y.noteq.0).

Abstract: A phosphor having formed on its surface generally spherical or semi-spherical surface treating substance composed of silicon dioxide, an aluminum compound and a zinc compound, at least 70% by weight of the surface treating substance being in the form of particles having an average particle size within a range of from 60 to 300 m.mu.m.

Abstract: A radiographic image conversion screen comprises a support, a first fluorescent layer formed on the support and consisting essentially of a blue emitting phosphor and a second fluorescent layer formed on the first fluorescent layer and consisting essentially of a green emitting rare earth phosphor.

Abstract: A radiographic image conversion screen comprising a support, a first fluorescent layer formed on the support and consisting essentially of a blue emitting phosphor and a second fluorescent layer formed on the first fluorescent layer and consisting essentially of a green emitting rare earth oxysulfide phosphor. The green emitting rare earth oxysulfide phosphor is represented by the formula: (Ln.sub.1-i, Yi, Tba, Rb).sub.2 O.sub.2 S where Ln is at least one element selected from the group consisting of La, Ga and Lu, R is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Dy, Pr, Yb and Nd, and i, a and b are numbers within the ranges of 0.ltoreq.i.ltoreq.0.35, 0.0005.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.0.09 and 0.0002.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.0.01 respectively.

Abstract: A radiographic image conversion screen comprising a support, a first fluorescent layer formed on the support consisting essentially of a blue emitting phosphor and a second fluorescent layer formed on the first fluorescent layer consisting essentially of a green emitting rare earth phosphor.

Abstract: A divalent europium activated alkaline earth metal fluorohalide phosphor containing a transition metal as a coacitivator and a sodium halide, having the formula (I):M.sup.II FX.multidot.xNaX':yEu.sup.2+ :zA (I)in which M.sup.II is at least one alkaline earth metal selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca; each of X and X' is at least one halogen selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br and I; A is at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni; and x, y and z are numbers satisfying the conditions of 0<x.ltoreq.2, 0<y.ltoreq.0.2 and 0<z.ltoreq.10.sup.-2, respectively, and a radiation image storage panel employing said phosphor.

Abstract: A radiographic intensifying screen comprising a support and at least one phosphor layer provided thereonto which comprises a binder and a phosphor dispersed therein, wherein the support is a resin film containing a white pigment.

Abstract: Oxyhalides of lanthanum and gadolinium and coactivated with thulium ion and further containing an impurity ion and a second coactivator selected from praseodymium and neodymium, including mixtures thereof, exhibit reduced quantum noise when employed in X-ray image converter devices. In the preferred embodiments, small but effective amounts of ytterbium ion can also be incorporated into the phosphor material to reduce afterglow and a multilayer X-ray screen construction is disclosed employing the improved phosphors.

Abstract: A topcoat or abrasion layer useful for protecting an X-ray intensifying screen comprising a copolymer of a fluoroester and methylmethacrylate. This topcoat is flexible, adhesive, and nonstaining and permits the use of the X-ray screen in the modern, rapid changer systems.

Abstract: A radiographic image conversion screen comprising a support, a first fluorescent layer formed on the support and consisting essentially of a blue emitting phosphor and a second fluorescent layer formed on the first fluorescent layer and consisting essentially of a green emitting rare earth oxysulfide phosphor. The green emitting rare earth oxysulfide phosphor is represented by the formula: (Ln.sub.1-i, Y.sub.i, Tb.sub.a, R.sub.b).sub.2 O.sub.2 S where Ln is at least one element selected from the group consisting of La, Gd and Lu, R is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Dy, Pr, Yb and Nd, and i, a and b are numbers within the ranges of 0.ltoreq.i.ltoreq.0.35, 0.0005.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.0.09 and 0.0002.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.0.01, respectively.

Abstract: Improved x-ray fluorescent screens include a fluorescent layer having luminescent material bound with a lacquer binding agent characterized by pronounced hydrophilic properties. A preferred binding agent is pure urea-formaldehyde resin which solidifies with heat through a polycondensation reaction. Additives, such as alkyd resins, epoxy resins, polyacrylate resins, nitrocellulose, vinyl chloride copolymers, or polyvinyl butyral can be added to the binding agent. The binding agent prevents agglomerations of the luminescent material crystals so that a more uniform emission of light occurs.

Abstract: Improved performance of rare earth oxyhalide phosphors in x-ray image intensifying screens may be realized by admixing a small but effective amount of inorganic salts such as MgSO.sub.4 or ZnSO.sub.4 with the phosphor prior to the preparation of the screen. It is believed that H+ and SO.sub.4 =ions are present in a protective surface film surrounding each phosphor particle to help preserve the original emission brightness of the phosphor when exposed to humidity as well as reduce attack by volatile organic components which migrate from an associated photographic film.

Abstract: Improved performance of rare earth oxyhalide phosphors in x-ray image intensifying screens may be realized by admixing a small but effective amount of certain fatty acids and fatty acid derivative with the phosphor prior to the preparation of the screen. Alternately, the phosphor powder can be washed with a liquid dispersion or solution of said additives as an equivalent means of providing improved moisture resistance as well as preserving the original emission brightness of the adhesively bonded material when used in x-ray screens.

Abstract: Luminescent materials comprising solid solutions of lithium zinc fluoride and zinc silicate activated with manganese and, optionally, arsenic having improved brightness, persistence, and crystallinity over prior art P-1 or P-39 phosphors are disclosed.A method of formulating these phosphors, and cathodoluminescent screens employing these phosphors are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electro-luminescent structure comprising a laminar composite made up of pairs of semi-insulator films fabricated from substances developing high energy electrons when subjected to an electrical voltage each in association with phosphor films luminescing under electron impact from the semi-insulators.