Abstract: Fiber reinforced plastic FRP formed about concrete piles and columns. The FRP components generally includes an exterior shell and an interior pultruted component. The exterior shell can include multilayers of fibers wrapped in straight hoop patterns in single sheets with or without longitudinal axial fibers. Alternatively the exterior shell can include angled wrapped fibers. The interior FRP pultruted component comes in various forms such as pultruted ribs, crossed attached ribs, interior co-axial concentric cylinders and additional shapes such as ones having an H cross-shaped pattern. The FRP materials can consist of fiber and resin such as a preferred embodiment of approximately 60% glass and 40% polyester. Other fiber type materials include but are not limited to glass, carbon, Kevlar, combinations thereof, and the like. Types of resin include but are not limited to polyester, vinylester, epoxy, combinations thereof, and the like.

Abstract: A geosynthetic clay liner with a low permeability or controlled permeability intermediate sheet is provided. The liner includes two outer sheets with two layers of bentonite and an intermediate sheet disposed therebetween. The intermediate sheet may be rippled or deformed to enhance the structural stability of the liner. The intermediate sheet may be chosen from a material with low or ultra-low permeability characteristics or may be chosen from a material with controlled or directional permeability characteristics.

Abstract: Novel mixtures containing at least one polysiloxane and at least one reactive filler, at least one pigment and/or unreactive filler and optionally other additives, their preparation and use in coating. Preferably they are largely free of organic polymers.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a water-based paint composition comprising sodium silicate, water, water-soluble base, metal oxide pigment, and zinc oxide as an adhesion promoter. Preferably, it further comprises glass frit and surfactants. In other aspects, it is directed to the method of making the composition, and glass sheets having a cured paint field thereon, and the method of making such glass sheets.

Abstract: A sandwich panel which is formed by sandwiching a core member of synthetic resin foam (plastic foam) between a front surface member and a back surface member into an unified body, is provided with plural gas-permeable members in the core member or/and at the boundary between the core member and the front and/or back surface member of the sandwich panel, whereby internal gas produced in the core member is discharged through the gas-permeable members to the outside of the sandwich panel.

Abstract: A method for producing coated wood-based panels with rounded edge from a starting panel coated on at least one of its two sides, and which is subjected to a preforming or direct postforming process. The starting panel is coated using coatings based on unsaturated resins of the type curable by ionizing radiation.

Abstract: A wood veneer laminated gypsum board comprises a gypsum core and lamination f a paper or a paper-like outer layer on both sides, an aluminum backed wood veneer bonded to the paper outer layer, and debossed designs on the wood veneer which penetrates beyond the surface of the gypsum board. The wood veneer laminated gypsum board is formed by spraying or applying a mixture of adhesive diluted with liquid softening agent, which may include water or water mixed with other materials, on the aluminum side of the aluminum-backed wood veneer. The paper or paper-like outer covering is lightly sprayed or coated with the softening agent. The coated aluminum backed wood veneer is placed on the lightly coated the gypsum board. The wood veneer is moistened with water. The wood veneer and the gypsum board is pressed with application of heat for a predetermined period.

Abstract: An acoustical tile composition based on a gypsum/cellulosic fiber composition which can replace all or a portion of the mineral wool normally present in acoustical ceiling tiles. The gypsum/cellulosic fiber composition is combined with a lightweight aggregate material and a binder to form a composition which is used in a water-felting process to manufacture acoustical ceiling tiles and panels. The preferred source of the cellulosic fiber is a composite gypsum/cellulose fiber material which is prepared by mixing the gypsum and cellulosic fiber material with sufficient water to form a dilute slurry which is then heated under pressure to calcine the gypsum, converting it to an alpha calcium sulfate hemihydrate. The resulting composite material comprises cellulosic fibers physically interlocked with calcium sulfate crystals. Another source of both gypsum and cellulosic fibers is waste (scrap) gypsum wallboard. Expanded perlite is the preferred lightweight aggregate material.

Abstract: A core for fire doors comprises hydrated gypsum occupying about 40% to 46% of the core volume and bubbles occupying almost all the core volume which is not gypsum. The bubbles preferably comprise about 31% to 38% by volume of larger bubbles of between 1 and 4 mm and about 17% to 25% of smaller bubbles between 0.01 mm and 0.25 mm. The larger bubbles are formed using styrene spheroids.

Abstract: Sealable liquid-tight containers and methods for economically manufacturing such containers for storing and dispensing substances and any other purposes for which conventional sealable liquid-tight containers are utilized. The containers are readily and economically formed from mixtures of hydraulically settable binders such as hydraulic cement, gypsum and clay with water. Appropriate additives can also be added to the mixture which impart desired characteristics and properties to both the mixture and the hardened containers. The mixtures can be utilized to form containers by various methods. One method involves forming the containers without substantial mixing of the mixture, compacting the mixture and hydrating the mixture. Other methods involve molding the mixture, extruding the mixture and forming sheets from the mixture to be converted into containers. The components may also be dried, coated, lined, laminated and/or receive printing.

Abstract: A flexible, protective and waterproofing membrane for application onto a body to conform to a surface of the body and to be bonded thereto is provided. The membrane includes a flexible polymeric sheet which has an open-textured surface on each of its opposite faces. The textured surfaces are impregnated with a dry, cementitious material and define interconnected internal voids open to the atmosphere. The dry cementitious material includes a water-hardenable cement which is substantially non-hydrated.

Abstract: Containers incorporating a hydraulically settable structural matrix including a hydraulically settable binder such as cement for use in the storing, dispensing, and/or packaging of food and beverage products are disclosed. The disposable and nondisposable food and beverage articles of manufacture have high tensile, compressive, and flexural strengths, and are lightweight, insulative (if desired), inexpensive, and more environmentally compatible than those currently used. These disposable containers and cups are particularly useful for dispensing hot and cold food and beverages in the fast food restaurant environment. The structural matrix of the food and beverage containers includes a hydraulic cement paste (formed from the reaction of water with, e.g., a portland-type cement) preferably in combination with a rheology-modifying plasticizer, such as methylhydroxyethylcellulose, various aggregate materials, and fibrous materials, which provide desired properties at a cost which is economical.

Abstract: This invention relates to a panel of material comprising a film comprising a layer of a solid polyolefin and a layer of copolyester wherein said copolyester comprises:(1) a dicarboxylic acid component comprising repeat units from at least 90 mole percent terephthalic acid; and(2) a diol component comprising repeat units from 20 to 40 mole percent diethylene glycol and 80 to 60 mole percent ethylene glycol, based on 100 mole percent dicarboxylic acid and 100 mole percent diol,said layer of a copolyester being intimately bonded to a wooden substrate and said polyolefin layer being exposed on the outer surface of said film.

Abstract: A slump-resistant, curable polymer concrete composition, suitable for coating onto a concrete surface or an asphalt surface to resurface same, comprising (a) 5 to 95 weight percent of an aggregate at least 20 percent of which has a minimum particle dimension of 1/16 inch or greater, (b) 5 to 95 weight percent of a curable polymer composition containing an ethylenically unsaturated polymer containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the molecule and carbon-bonded carboxyl groups or carbon-bonded hydroxyl groups or both in the molecule, (c) an effective amount of a curing catalyst effective to initiate the curing of the polymer, and (d) at least one reactive, time-delay thickener comprising (1) a Group IIA metal oxide or hydroxide in the amount of 0.1 to 20 equivalents per carbon-bonded carboxyl group of the polymer, the Group IIA metal oxide or hydroxide being reactive with the carboxyl groups of the polymer to thicken said polymer concrete composition and/or (2) a polyisocyanate in the amount of 0.

Abstract: A board of calcium silicate crystals, characterized in that the board is composed of a plurality of layers of laminated thin sheets, each of the thin sheets having a thickness of 2 mm or less, each layer comprising secondary particles of calcium silicate crystals, a fibrous material, a coagulant and preferably additionally a polymer adsorbed on the surface of the secondary particles of calcium silicate; wherein each layer contains secondary calcium silicate particles interconnected with one another, and wherein the superposed thin sheets are firmly united with one another into an integral body by the interlayer interconnection of secondary particles of calcium silicate crystals present on the surface of the sheets.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a composite security wall system having high impact performance and meets certain fire codes. The composite comprises a thermoplastic sheet preferably a polycarbonate sheet and a dry wall type product such as gypsum board, laminated together with an adhesive. The composite is then fastened to wall studs with the thermoplastic sheet on the inside, i.e. in contact with the wall studs. When thus so placed, the composite provides a security wall having high impact performance and meets certain fire codes.

Abstract: Cementitious containers which have a cementitious structural matrix for use in the packaging, storing, partitioning, and/or shipping of goods. The containers are manufactured from cementitious materials in order to be strong, durable, tough, lightweight, cushioning, insulative, inexpensive, and more environmentally compatible than those currently used in packaging, storing, and/or shipping goods. The cementitious structural matrix of the containers includes a hydraulic cement paste (formed from the reaction of water with, e.g., a portland cement) in combination with a rheology-modifying plasticizer, such as methylhydroxyethylcellulose. Preferred embodiments may also include various aggregate materials, fibrous materials, and air voids, which add the necessary strength while making the product lightweight, and which can provide insulative properties (if desired) at a cost which is economically justified in comparison to conventional paper and polystyrene products.

Abstract: A concrete article having a mixture layer comprising concrete and a polysulfide-modified epoxy resin as an intermediate layer between a concrete body and a cured layer of a polysulfide-modified epoxy resin, which concrete article is excellent in corrosion resistance, durability and workability, and shows good adhesion to the concrete body and to the cured layer of the polysulfide-modified epoxy resin. This concrete article can be produced by applying a coating composition containing the polysulfide-modified epoxy resin to the concrete body in an uncured state.

Abstract: This invention relates to mineral fiberboard products which are embossed to provide a decorative surface. In the invention herein a layered structure is formed before the embossing process that consists of the currently used mineral fiberboard on the bottom with an additional layer of a granulated fines material on the board surface. When embossed using the current process, the resulting composite board provides higher fidelity images than the unlayered embossed board.

Abstract: A pre-fabricated building section made up of gypsum board laminated to either a double or triple layer of a length of U- or C-shaped corrugated cardboard in approximately two foot widths. The completed sections are then used in homes or building constructions. Within the shaped cardboard is a sheet of fireproof foam. Metal stays bolted in place at the ends and corners of corrugated cardboard, used to attach adjacent sections, assist in the rigidity of the resulting section.

Abstract: A civil engineering and construction fibrous reinforcing material having a metal oxide, metal hydroxide, and metal hydroxy-oxide fast deposited on a fibrous substance is practically useful as a substitute for asbestos. This material is produced by immersing the fibrous substance in a mixed solution of a metal salt and a solvent. Civil engineering and construction materials having the fibrous reinforcing material incorporated in inorganic refractory substances are used in the form of sheet-molded plates, for example.

Abstract: The storage and processing times of sprayed concrete can be significantly extended by the addition of a retarder, a chemical compound which is capable of chelating with calcium ions. Preferred retarders are phosphonic acid derivatives which have at least one amino and/or hydroxyl group. The retarder can be used for both wet- and dry-sprayed concrete, the usual accelerators can be used for activation, and the strength is not adversely affected.

Abstract: The novel composition of the present invention comprises a paper-like sheet material or a non-woven mat which contains water-insoluble gypsum anhydrite microfibers and a cellulosic binder, such as cellulose fibers, optionally with glass fibers, which has surprising fire-retardant properties. Typical paper processing methods or wet process mat techniques are utilized in preparing this material. The flexible gypsum microfiber sheet or mat of this invention may be used as microfiber insulation, particularly in a fire retardant barrier.

Abstract: A fibrous mat-faced gypsum board is coated with a water-resistant resinous coating.

Abstract: A gypsum board comprises linings made of coated non-woven fiberglass mats having surfaces turned away from the gypsum core of the fiberglass mats which have been coated with an inorganic binder at least partially set with water. Preferably, quick-setting mixtures comprising cement, .alpha.-hemihydrate and ultra-fine silica are used which are dimensionally stable during setting as well as later on.

Abstract: Asphaltic roofing material, such as roll or shingle roofing, employs Class F fly ash as the filler to the asphaltic base material. The fly ash is more readily heated than conventional crushed limestone which has been used as a filler, and further promotes a more rapid cooling of the composite asphaltic web prior to rolling or cutting into shingles. The Class F fly ash comprises between 40% and 70% of the hot asphaltic mixture, by weight. It may be delivered to the roofing plant in a state of elevated temperature from the fly ash source to reduce the requirement for preheating the fly ash or eliminating the preheating step altogether. The slightly acidic content of fly ash discourages the growth of fungus and mold on the roofing material in hot and humid climates, and the resulting shingle has greater overall flexibility and resistance to cracking at low temperatures, as compared to a shingle in which crushed limestone is used as the inert filler.

Abstract: Containers incorporating a hydraulically settable structural matrix including a hydraulically settable binder such as cement for use in the storing, dispensing, and/or packaging of food and beverage products are disclosed. The disposable and nondisposable food and beverage articles of manufacture have high tensile, compressive, and flexural strengths, and are lightweight, insulative (if desired), inexpensive, and more environmentally compatible than those currently used. These disposable containers and cups are particularly useful for dispensing hot and cold food and beverages in the fast food restaurant environment. The structural matrix of the food and beverage containers includes a hydraulic cement paste (formed from the reaction of water with, e.g., a portland-type cement) preferably in combination with a theology-modifying plasticizer, such as methylhydroxyethylcellulose, various aggregate materials and fibrous materials which provide desired properties at a cost which is economical.

Abstract: A flexible, resilient, intumescent mat material comprising fiber, binder, and an intumescent agent which includes a mixture of unexpanded vermiculite and expandable graphite undergoes intumescence at a lower temperature, with an enhanced degree of expansion and with a lesser degree of contraction upon prolonged heating. The intumescent mat can be employed in catalytic converters for motor vehicles and as a firestop material.

Abstract: A method of producing replicated paving stone including a base having a shaded and stratified layered upper surface with a plurality of simulated grout lines formed therein including the steps of preparing a cementitious mortar, applying a release agent to the interior of a forming mold, pouring the cementitious mortar into the forming mold, leveling the mortar, vibrating the forming mold and cementitious mortar therein, allowing the cementitious mortar to cure forming a base with an upper surface, releasing the base from the forming mold, applying an acid stain to the base, allowing the acid stain to etch the base to shade the upper surface, accenting the plurality of simulated grout lines with a pigment and sealing the replicated paving stone with an acrylic polymer sealer.

Abstract: A fiber reinforced plastic reinforcement for concrete structure comprises a core made of a fiber reinforced plastic material composed of a matrix resin and reinforcing fiber, uneven profile portion integrally formed on the peripheral surface portion of the core having alternately arranged first higher portions and second lower portions, and the reinforcing fiber extending in series across the core and the uneven profile portion.

Abstract: A solvent mixture of a petroleum distillate and toluene is disclosed. The solvent is used to dissolve a hydrocarbon resin and block copolymers of styrene and isoprene or styrene and butadiene and the solution is applied to newly constructed basement walls to provide a water-resistant elastomeric coating on the walls.

Abstract: A slurry composed of paper fibers, water, and cement that can then be used for a variety of construction applications is prepared. After draining the majority of the water, the slurry may be molded into blocks, sheets, or any other desired shape to be used as a construction material, or it can be sprayed onto wire shapes to form custom structures. The slurry product can be used as a mortar in conjunction with building blocks that have been made from the slurry, and it can be used as a plaster when mixed with conventional cement and sand mortar. The slurry can also be poured into forms in the same manner as concrete to form blocks for construction applications.

Abstract: A bistable single crystal magneto-optic film of preselected coercivity is described. The film is readily switchable and is characterized by a substantially square shaped hysteresis loop. The film properties are attributed to controlled introduction in the film of defects of predetermined size and distribution. Defects of from about 0.4 .mu.m to about 4.0 .mu.m present in numbers per cm.sup.2 of from about 10 to about 10.sup.6, with optimal distribution falling in the range of from about 100 to about 1000, are described. Also described are methods of achieving the required defect size and distribution utilizing procedures such as ion bombardment, particle abrasion/deposition, laser ablation or annealing of the film or substrate upon which the film is supported. Devices in which the films can be used to advantage, such as flaw detecting, imaging and microwave processing, are described.

Abstract: In gypsum board faced with a fibrous mat, for example, a mat of glass filaments adhesively bound together, improvements are realized by the use of a reinforcing resinous binder in the mat.

Abstract: A fire resistant and high temperature insulating composition is provided. The composition generally comprises a carbonate material in an amount from about 20% to about 80% by weight, an aluminosilicate in amount from about 0.5% to about 15% by weight, talc in amount from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight, cellulose in amount from about 1% to about 30% by weight, a binder in an amount from about 1% to about 45% by weight, and a gelling agent in an amount from about 1% to about 45% by weight. The binder is preferably a mixture of an organic adhesive such as a polymeric resin, and a non-organic adhesive such as cement, but other adhesives can be used alone or in combination therewith. The gelling agent is preferably a polymeric substance that swells in the presence of a liquid such as superabsorbent polymers. The components are combined and water may be added in an amount from about 1 to about 50% by weight to obtain a composition of the desired consistency.

Abstract: Reinforcing fibres made from polyolefin and polyolefin derivatives, the fibres having a thickness of 10-100 .mu.m and containing inorganic particles of a size of 1-10 .mu.m in an amount of at least 12% by weight, calculated on the total fibre weight, the particles being embedded in the polyolefin or polyolefin derivative, substantially none of the particles being exposed at fibre surfaces. The inorganic particles are preferably chalk or barium sulphate. The fibres are prepared from a fibrillated, stretched, blown or cast film, which may have been subjected to a surface treatment such as a corona treatment or application of avivage. The reinforcing fibers are useful in composite materials comprising an inorganic binder such as cement and puzzolane.

Abstract: The clay tile proposed consists of a clay-bound core layer (20) with, on each side of it, a surface layer (22,24) of netlike tear-resistant textile material which is at least partially embedded in the clay of the core layer (20).

Abstract: An improved composite material is produced by mixing gypsum and host particles of a stronger substance, such as wood fibers, in a dilute slurry; heating the slurry, under pressure, to convert the gypsum to calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate; and substantially dewatering the hot slurry before rehydrating the hemihydrate back to gypsum. The resulting material is a homogoneous mass comprising gypsum crystals physically interlocked with the discrete host particles.According to a further aspect of the invention, an improved wallboard, having fire resistance, dimensional stability and excellent strength properties, is produced by compressing the composite mass before hydrating it to a final set.

Abstract: Soundproofing materials consisting essentially of zinc oxide whisker particles having a nucleus body and needle crystal portions extending radially from the central body in different plural directions. The materials may comprise a support material for supporting the zinc oxide whisker particles. Such support materials include inorganic materials such as metals, ceramics, glasses, cements, mortars and various fillers in the form of powder, flakes, fibers and the like, and organic materials such as resins, rubbers, waxes and the like. These materials are particularly suitable for sound insulation, sound proofing, vibration damping and vibration insulation.

Abstract: Building materials such as concrete can be protected from the growth of algae by being treated with a compound containing tin covalently bonded to a silylating group such that cleavage of the covalent bonds due to hydrolysis or photolysis is minimized, thus making the treatment ecologically safe. One such compound is (n-Bu).sub.3 SnCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Si(OEt).sub.3. The tin compound can either be incorporated into raw materials from which building materials are to be made, or it can be applied to the finished building materials. When the tin compound is applied to a building material that is algae streaked, the streaking should disappear.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a waterproofing membrane comprising a carrier, a synthetic adhesive coated on one face of the carrier substrate, and a protective layer coated on the synthetic adhesive. The present invention also relates to a method of waterproofing post cast concrete structures comprised of affixing a carrier to the inside of a concrete form and post casting concrete, wherein the carrier further comprises a synthetic adhesive coated with a protective coating. Furthermore, the present invention relates to post cast concrete structures comprising a waterproofing membrane adhered to all or part of the exposed surface of said structure, wherein said membrane comprises a carrier, a synthetic adhesive coated on one face of the carrier substrate, and a protective coating on the synthetic adhesive and wherein the protective coating face contacts said structure.

Abstract: A concrete surface having at least a residual amount of sodium fluorophosphate. A method to reduce scaling due to freezing and thawing is also disclosed. The method comprises contacting the surface of a concrete with a system containing at least sodium fluorophosphate. The sodium fluorophosphate closes the pores to water and other foreign matter.

Abstract: A pipe cladding composition is described which is a phosphate ceramic permeating a non-woven fibrous network. The overall thickness of the sheet is between about 5 and about 20 mils. The phosphate ceramic permeates the fibrous network and extends beyond the fibrous network only up to a maximum thickness of about 3 mils across each side of the sheet. The sheets are prepared using wet reaction mixtures which produce phosphate ceramics. These reaction mixtures are mixed and pressed into the non-woven fibrous network which forms a wet sheet that is then cured to provide the cladding material.

Abstract: A fiber-hydratable cement composition comprising a uniform dispersion of from 0.0001 to 10 volume percent interground fiber in hydratable cement powder is prepared by introducing fiber precursors and cement clinker to a grinding mill and grinding the mixture until the clinker has been reduced to a fine powder. The fiber can be steel, alkaline resistant glass, ceramic, carbon or organic polymer, and preferably are steel, polyolefin or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: For covering the outer surface of a structure, an outer surface structure of a layer of elastomeric material with a sheet of fabric embedded in the elastomeric material includes an outer coating of silica sand to receive a second layer of rigid material bonded and covering the surface structure, such as a gypsum material or plastic material.

Abstract: The occurrence of efflorescence has been reduced or eliminated in ceramic articles formed from a novel vitreously bonded cement-containing composition. The articles also exhibit improved strength, reduced firing shrinkage and increased frost resistance. The articles are produced by combining hydraulic cement containing calcium silicate and/or calcium aluminate components, vitrifiable inorganic powders forming molten liquid-flowing substances, and reactive or sinterable mineral powders selected from the group consisting of magnesium silicates, aluminum silicates and mixtures thereof; combining the ingredients with water to form a mixture; molding the mixture into an article; hardening the article by hydration; and firing the molded article to a maximum temperature of between about 1000.degree. C. to 1400.degree. C.

Abstract: Iron pipe and other hollow articles are lined with a cementitious mortar containing a quantity of polymer particles and the pipe is rotated about its axis so as to stratify the mortar and develop a polymer rich inner surface that is subsequently cured, dried and heated to the polymer fusion temperature and then coated with a continuous layer of pure polymer.

Abstract: Shaped, self-supporting ceramic bodies are produced by preparing a mold by applying a permeable, conformable material to a shape-defining surface of an expendable pattern. The permeable, conformable material, when set or stable, provides a mold with a shaped surface which is defined by, and is therefore substantially congruent to, the shape-defining surface. Upon heating, the material of the expendable pattern combusts or volatilizes and thus establishes the shaped cavity mold. A molten parent metal is then vaporized with a vapor-phase oxidant in such a manner as to form a ceramic body which grows into the mold cavity, and is shaped by it. The ceramic body is recovered from the mold having a shaped surface replicating the shape-defining surface of the expendable pattern.

Abstract: A low cost, lightweight, high strength, long lasting, crack resistant, monolithically formed composite structural material and the method of making the same in which the composite consists of a core constructed from lightweight, granulated scrap or waste plastic bonded together with a relatively inexpensive cementitious slurry binder. The core is covered on one or more of its surfaces with a high strength outer layer constructed of layers of non-woven fabric material impregnated with a cementitious slurry binder having a different formulation than the core cementitious slurry binder to effectively bond with the fibers in the layers of non-woven fabric material to form a three-dimensional reinforcement matrix for the outer layer cementitious slurry binder.

Abstract: A self-hardened, high temperature-resistant, foamed composite is described. An alkali metal silicate-based matrix devoid of chemical water has dispersed therein inorganic particulates, organic particulates, or a mixture of inorganic and organic particulates, and is produced at ambient temperature by activating the silicates of an aqueous, air-entrained gel containing matrix-forming silicate, particulates, flyash, surfactant, and a pH-lowering and buffering agent.