Abstract: A reserve battery cell which includes a battery cell housing, an anode and cathode collector, and a reservoir housing which includes a quantity of electrolyte which, when applied to the anode and cathode collector, cause the battery to generate an electric current through an external load. Burst discs are located proximate the extremities of the reservoir housing. The upstream burst disc is capable of rupturing upon the application of sufficient externally applied pressure while the downstream burst disc is capable of rupturing upon the application of sufficient hydraulic pressure exerted thereon by the electrolyte. The piston is located within the reservoir housing which establishes the upstream boundary of the electrolyte and which is capable of traveling down the reservoir housing upon the application of an externally applied pressure and which is characterized as preventing electrolyte from leaking around the piston and any substantial amount of gas from entering the electrolyte through the piston body.

Abstract: A deferred action electric cell of the type having a magnesium anode and a silver halide cathode, wherein the electrolyte is supported in dried form intermediate the electrodes for rapidly developing full electrical potential upon the addition of any aqueous fluid, even fresh water. A novel method of coating the magnesium anode utilizing a detergent bath produces a coating that prevents corrosive deterioration of the magnesium from handling and from close proximity of the dried electrolyte, for an extended shelf life.

Abstract: Electrochemical cell containers having an improved seal arrangement including a polymeric member carrying a metal pin in a base extending therethrough.

Abstract: A nickel-aluminum dry charge reserve battery has at least one electrode containing a nickel hydroxide containing active battery material, and at least one aluminum electrode, with a storage reservoir containing electrolyte nearby, and a means to transfer the stored electrolyte to the electrodes.

Abstract: Electrochemical cell containers having an improved seal arrangement including a polymeric member carrying a metal pin in a bore extending therethrough.

Abstract: This invention is a fuel element for liquid fuel cell characterized in that a liquid fuel is rendered to assume a non-fluidized state by either physical means or chemical means, and is returned back to the initial liquid fuel at any time by physical means or chemical means.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell of the limited electrolyte type is described having a cell pack comprised of the normal absorbent separator interleaved and compressed between positive and negative plates, the electrolyte absorbed within pores of the separator and plates, and a container encasing the cell pack. The cell pack has an edge or edges which abut against at least one wall portion of the container, forming an interface in which is formed channels providing passageways which promote uniform distribution of electrolyte within the cell pack at least during filling of the cell with electrolyte. Filling time is also substantially reduced.

Abstract: Electrochemical cell containers having a penetrable, self-sealing septum for filling.

Abstract: A rechargable electrochemical cell has a negative electrode; a positive electrode spaced therefrom; an electrolyte solution in which portions of said negative and said positive electrodes are immersed; a flexible housing means whereby said electrodes and electrolyte solution are housed; a means whereby said flexible housing may be crimped or bent such that said crimping or bending restricts or prevents altogether the free flow of electrolytic ions from said negative electrode to said positive electrode or from said positive electrode to said negative electrode; a third electrode means on one side of the portion of said flexible housing which may be bent or crimped but spaced therefrom, said third electrode means being spaced proximate to but electrically insulated from said electrolyte solution; and a fourth electrode means on the side of the bendable portion of said flexible housing which is opposite that side occupied by said third electrode means, said fourth electrode means being spaced proximate to but e

Abstract: A deferred action battery having a magnesium alloy anode and a cathode depolarizer and a method for making the depolarizer. The depolarizer material comprises cuprous thiocyanate, a form of carbon and free sulphur. A metal grid is used as a current collector and a base for the cathode.

Abstract: A battery apparatus is provided which includes a plurality of modules which re mounted end-to-end in a stacked pile configuration. Each module contains a plurality of bipolar electrodes. One end of each module has a flexible bladder for storing an electrolyte. The bladders in a collapsed condition provide spacing between the modules for cooling. Each module has a passageway for communicating electrolyte from the bladder to the bipolar electrodes. A device seals each passageway from the respective bladder in one mode of operation and is actuated by pressure on the bladder to open the passageway in another mode of operation. With this arrangement pressure on the bladders will distribute electrolyte into each module and the bladders will collapse to provide a cooling space between the modules.

Abstract: The invention relates to a precursor for an electrical storage lead battery which can be converted into an operative storage battery by the mere addition of a sulphuric acid electrolyte. This precusor which has an unlimited shelf life consists of positive plates, of negative plate dispersed therebetween and of separator plates inserted between adjacent positive and negative plates and of a housing encasing the plates in dry condition. These separator plates consist of a densely compressed compact containing(a) 70 to 100% of pulverized silicon-dioxide or of another pulverized material which is capable of absorbing the liquid electrolyte and of being converted thereby into a pressure-resistant gel and(b) 0 to 30% of fibres of glass or any other acid-resistant and oxidation-resistant material.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a lead-acid storage battery capable of being stored after completing the battery processing and thereafter activated by the addition of water including coordinating the formation and processing of the battery elements with a deep discharge to provide residual sulfuric acid electrolyte within the battery elements with a desired specific gravity level and thereafter reducing the amount of the electrolyte in the battery to thereby retain a specified level of residual sulfuric acid electrolyte within the elements of the thus-processed battery. The battery is suitably sealed and may thereafter be stored; and, when desired for service, activation is accomplished by addition of water and suitably charging. The sulfate in the battery elements resulting from the deep discharge and the residual sulfuric acid electrolyte retained within the elements combine, upon the addition of water and recharge, to yield the required specific gravity of the electrolyte.

Abstract: A novel battery package is described wherein a sealing strip having a plurality of minute vent holes, one for each opening in the battery case, is retained in place by a plurality of disposable inserts which retain the strip in place and which seal the strip at least around the top surface of each of the battery case venting ports. An adhesive strip is applied to engage each disposable insert and to engage the sealing strip, as well as the edges of the battery case in such a manner so that, upon activation, the entire battery package may be removed and disposed of by loosening one end of the sealing strip and pulling that strip up and across the top of the battery to expose each of the fill holes for activation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a delay action battery, containing an electrolyte ealed and retained externally to the battery case in order to prevent premature activation due to exposure to excessive heat and or crush forces.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for producing electricity when a fire breaks out, the apparatus comprising a normally sealed vessel of breakable material having an amount of activation electrolyte therein and a water-activated cell provided close to the vessel and which can produce electricity when it touches the electrolyte, so that if a temperature rise is sensed the vessel is broken from which the electrolyte is burst out and the cell is activated by touching and reacting with the electrolyte.

Abstract: A deferred action battery having a magnesium alloy anode and a cathode depolarizer. The depolarizer can comprise one of the following materials: copper oxalate, copper formate, or copper citrate and copper tartrate. In addition, the depolarizer contains a form of carbon, a binder, and a metal grid used as a current collector and a base for the cathode.

Abstract: An improved reserve-type cell is provided which comprises, in combination, a pair of spaced electrodes, a separator between said electrodes, electrolyte storage means comprising bibulous material such as cotton wadding in a cavity disposed in contact with and behind one of the electrodes (which is porous) and out of contact with the other of the electrodes, and electrolyte disposed in the wadding. The electrolyte can be drawn from the storage space through the porous electrode and into contact with the other of the electrodes to activate the cell. Preferably, the electrolyte is in dry form dissolvable in water to activate the cell when needed. Evaporating of the water shuts down the cell until further introduction of water.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprising a lead (II) fluoride cathode, a conductive electrolyte solution such as sea water or a salt-containing organic solvent and an anode of a substance more electropositive than lead fluoride such as magnesium. The cathode preferably comprises lead fluoride, optionally containing an organic binder, a fibrous reinforcement, or a "dope," and an electrically conductive, ionically permeable collector in contact therewith. The cathode may be formed by pressing lead fluoride into a desired shape and then applying metallic collector material onto the cathode surface. Alternatively, molten depolarizing material may be absorbed into a porous graphite collector element and then cooled to form a carbon-reinforced cathode.