Abstract: In the cell of a water activated battery using a metal/organo-halogen couple wherein the anode and cathode are formed as planar members with a porous insulator sandwiched between there are provided channels to allow the electrolyte access throughout the cell. The channels may be cut in the cathode or the cathode may be formed as discrete portions of cathode reactant material deposited on a current collector backing plate.

Abstract: A float type metal-air battery having an air chamber positioned at the center thereof, a weight positioned at the center bottom thereof, two electrolyte chambers positioned on both sides of the air chamber, and two cells positioned on both sides of the air chamber, so that the battery is improved in balance and is facilitated in manufacture.

Abstract: The invention disclosed is a floating metal/air battery wherein the anode is immersed in an electrolyte, and the cathode is exposed to the atmosphere. An electro-conductive path between the anode and cathode is achieved by a wick means in contact with the electrolyte. Embodiments are described for use in sea-water and in fresh water.

Abstract: A pack of ordinary, commercially-available batteries is provided with a con electrolyte-filled reservoir coupled to each battery by a small tube. The reservoir includes a compliant diaphragm which, when exposed to deep-sea pressure, applies the pressure to the reservoir electrolyte to force it into the battery. Forceful filling of the cells equalizes their internal and external pressures. Electrical discharge currents are reduced to a minimum by making the tubes as small as and as long as possible.

Abstract: A multilayer device has a coated photoelectrochemical electrode and a counterelectrode. The device is packaged without an electrolyte. However, when the device is immersed in sea water, the water acts as an electrolyte by contributing ions which makes photogalvanic action possible. The device may be fabricated in the form of flexible sheets which are easily transported and deployed for use in sea water. The device will generate electricity for a utilization device after it is immersed in sea water and exposed to light.

Abstract: A deferred action battery including a plurality of stacked electrode plates functional to produce an electrical potential when immersed in seawater, the battery having a bottom port cover including an opening for admitting seawater into the battery and a cavity in communication with the opening and intended to facilitate migration of precipitate waste material from the battery during its operation.

Abstract: Liquid oxychlorides are fed to a cathode chamber in an aqueous electrolyte attery. The oxychlorides flow through a porous carbon electrode. At the electrode the oxychlorides are reduced and the reaction products dissolve in an aqueous electrolyte flowing by the face of the carbon electrode opposite to that in which the oxychlorides are introduced. Metal standoffs connect to the porous electrode for use as conductors while maintaining spacing in the cathode chamber.

Abstract: A lead chloride cathode suitable for use in seawater batteries comprises a supporting electrically conductive grid to which lead chloride is applied by dipping the grid in a molten lead chloride bath. The grid is preferably made of mesh or expanded metal, and after allowing the lead chloride to solidify, a conductive matrix is formed in the cathode by inserting it in a salt solution and partially discharging it to form electrically conductive lead pathways within the cathode adjacent the points at which the grid material is closest to the surface and the grid itself. The preferred method comprises dipping the mesh or grid material in molten lead chloride, removing the grid and the adhering lead chloride, allowing the lead chloride to solidify, and partially discharging the cathode to form conductive lead portions.

Abstract: A water activated primary battery in which each cell includes a cathode manufactured largely from an oxy-halogen material and an anode of aluminum, magnesium, zinc or alloys thereof, the electrodes being separated and insulated from one another by a porous membrane; the main feature of the invention being the sandwich construction of the cells and design of the anode which is perforated to provide access of the electrolyte to the cathode and escape of gas from the cell and dimpled to facilitate uniform compaction of the cathode material and to provide cooling water/electrolyte passageways in each cell.

Abstract: A battery electrode structure of flat configuration comprises a cast mass of electrochemically active material, said mass having contained therein and exposed opposite surfaces thereof an open-mesh electrically conductive structure adapted for connection to a battery terminal. An open-mesh electrically conductive support member in the mass and in contact with the exposed electrically conductive structure maintains electrical conductivity throughout discharge to ensure maximum use of the active material.

Abstract: A battery pack is disclosed for an electrical device that is to be stored for an extended period until put into use in a body of water at some depth. The pack is comprised of fully charged batteries from which the electrolyte has been effectively removed for storing. Each battery is connected by a small tube to a reservoir containing an electrolyte-forming substance (which may be just water) or fully constituted electrolyte. Means on an inlet opens at a predetermined depth to admit water into the reservoir and force electrolyte (or just water in the case of battery plates being impregnated with electrolyte-forming substance) into the batteries. Each tube is also blocked by suitable means to hold electrolyte (or water) in the reservoir until its pressure exceeds a predetermined level. The battery pack is encased and the spaces between batteries are filled with inert pressure-equalization fluid so the outside of the batteries will be at the same pressure as the pressurized electrolyte.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell exhibiting high specific power and specific energy n combination which comprises an aluminum-lithium alloy anode with an aqueous electrolyte. The electrolyte may be the readily available seawater circulated through the cell at a predetermined flowrate to obtain maximum controlled electrical energy output.