Abstract: The present invention pertains to the selection of cathode materials. The cathode materials of concern are the conducting polymer or backbone and the redox active species or sulfur species. The selection of the materials is based on the characteristics of the materials relating to the other components of the batteries and to each other. The present invention also pertains to the resultant cathode materials, particularly a selected cathode material of a single component sulfur-based conducting polymer with the sulfur species covalently linked to the conducting polymer, and most particularly a thiophene based polymer with covalently linked sulfur species. The conducting polymers have been covalently-derivatized with sulfides and/or sulfide-containing groups as battery cathode materials. The present invention also pertains to a battery employing the selection method and resultant cathode materials.

Abstract: A method of detecting chlorate in soil includes contacting soil wetted with a solvent containing an electrically conductive salt with an electrode comprising layers of vanadium-substituted phosphomolybdate alternating with layers of para-rosaniline, and performing voltammetry with the electrode, wherein a catalytic reduction current indicates a likelihood of the presence or absence of chlorate in the soil. A system includes a potentiostat operably connected to the electrode and in communication with hardware and software sufficient to produce an output indicating a chlorate level in soil.

Abstract: A core-shell-type electrode material is used as an electrode active material layer of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the core-shell-type electrode material having a core part in which at least a part of a surface of an electrode active material is coated with a first conductive material and a shell part in which a second conductive material is contained in a base material formed by a gel-forming polymer having a tensile elongation at break of 10% or more in a gel state.

Abstract: A core-shell-type electrode material is used as an electrode active material layer of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the core-shell-type electrode material having a core part including an electrode active material and a shell part in which a conductive material is contained in a base material formed by a gel-forming polymer having a tensile elongation at break of 10% or more in a gel state.

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery includes: an electrode mixture layer that contains an electrode active material and an organic ferroelectric having a dielectric constant of 25 or higher; and an electrolytic solution that contains lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and a nonaqueous solvent. A content of the organic ferroelectric is 0.5 parts by mass to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the electrode active material. A proportion of a high-polarity solvent having a dielectric constant of 10 or higher in the nonaqueous solvent is 10 vol % or lower.

Abstract: A ion-conductive fused-ring quinone polymer includes recurring units of formula (1) and/or (2) below wherein each X is independently a single bond or a divalent group, and A1 and A2 are each independently an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an oxygen atom or sulfur atom-containing aromatic heterocycle that forms together with two carbon atoms on a benzoquinone skeleton. This polymer is a material having charge-storing properties which, when used as an electrode active material, is capable of providing a high-performance battery possessing high capacity, high rate characteristics and high cycle characteristics.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to compositions, devices, and methods for storage of energy (e.g., electrical energy). In some cases, devices including polyacetylene-containing polymers are provided.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte includes an interpenetrating polymer network and a lithium salt dispersed in the interpenetrating polymer network. The interpenetrating polymer network includes CH2—CH2On segments, and is formed by polymerizing a first monomer R1—OCH2—CH2—OnR2, a second monomer R3—OCH2—CH2—OmR4 and an initiator. Each “R1”, “R2” and “R3” includes —C?C— group or —C?C— group. The “R4 . . . ” includes an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom. The “m” and “n” are integer. Molecular weights of the first monomer and the second monomer are more than or equal to 100, and less than or equal to 800. The first monomer is less than or equal to 50% of the second monomer by weight. The lithium salt is less than or equal to 10% the second monomer by weight. A lithium based battery using the solid electrolyte is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high-capacity electrochemical energy storage device in which a conversion reaction proceeds as the oxidation-reduction reaction, and the separation (hysteresis) between the electrode potentials for oxidation and reduction is small. The electrochemical energy storage device includes a first electrode including a first active material, a second electrode including a second active material, and a non-aqueous electrolyte interposed between the first and second electrodes. At least one of the first and second active materials is a metal salt having a polyatomic anion and a metal ion, and the metal salt is capable of oxidation-reduction reaction involving reversible release and acceptance of the polyatomic anion.

Abstract: The use of a methylated amorphous silicon alloy as the active material in an anode of Li-ion battery is described. Lithium storage batteries and anodes manufactured using the material, as well as a method for manufacturing the electrodes by low-power PECVD are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a positive electrode composition for a lithium secondary battery and a secondary lithium battery using the same. The positive electrode composition for a lithium secondary battery includes a positive active material, a binder, and a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1. The above Chemical Formula 1 is the same as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery comprising: a core including a compound represented by chemical formula 1, and a shell including a compound represented by chemical formula 2, wherein the material composition of the core and the material composition of the shell are different; and a lithium secondary battery including the cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with novel compounds derived from polyquinonic ionic compounds and their use in electrochemical generators.

Abstract: A method of pre-doping an anode of an energy storage device can include immersing the anode and a dopant source in an electrolyte, and coupling a substantially constant current between the anode and the dopant source. A method of pre-doping an anode of an energy storage device can include immersing the anode and a dopant source in an electrolyte, and coupling a substantially constant voltage across the anode and the dopant source. An energy storage device can include an anode having a lithium ion pre-doping level of about 60% to about 90%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a secondary battery, comprising an electrode element in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are opposed to each other, and an electrolyte solution, wherein the negative electrode active material comprises a metal alloyable with lithium and/or a metal oxide capable of intercalating/deintercalating lithium ions, and the electrolyte solution is a nonaqueous electrolyte solution comprising an electrolyte salt dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, and comprises a carbonyl compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein two R1s may be the same or different from each other, and each independently represents hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, oxyalkylene group, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, cycloalkyloxy group, alkenyloxy group, alkynyloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic oxy group, or oxyalkyleneoxy group.

Abstract: A rechargeable magnesium-sulfur cell comprising an anode layer, an electrolyte, a metal polysulfide-preloaded active cathode layer, wherein the active cathode layer comprises: (a) an integral porous structure having massive surfaces (specific surface area >100 m2/g) or pores with a size from 1.0 nm to 100 nm and wherein multiple particles; and (b) a metal polysulfide, MxSy, preloaded in the pores or deposited on the massive surfaces, wherein x is an integer from 1 to 3 and y is an integer from 1 to 10, and M is a metal element selected from an alkali metal, an alkaline metal, a transition metal, a metal from groups 13 to 17 of the periodic table, or a combination thereof. The metal polysulfide is in a form of solid-state thin coating or small particles with a thickness or diameter less than 50 nm.

Abstract: A preloaded cathode layer, comprising: (A) An integral porous structure having massive surfaces greater than 100 m2/g or pores with a size from 1.0 nm to 100 nm, wherein multiple conductive particles, platelets or filaments, without a conductive filler, form a 3-D conductive network; and (B) a metal polysulfide preloaded in the pores or deposited on the massive surfaces, selected from: (a) an MxSy, (x=1-3 and y=1-10) wherein M is a metal element selected from a non-lithium alkali metal, an alkaline metal selected from Mg or Ca, a transition metal, a metal from groups 13 to 17, or a combination thereof, or (b) Li2S6, Li2S7, Li2S8, Li2S9, or Li2S10, wherein the metal polysulfide contains a thin coating or small particles with a thickness or diameter less than 20 nm and occupies a weight fraction of from 1% to 99%.

Abstract: A gel polymer composite electrolyte, a polymer lithium ion battery comprising the gel polymer composite electrolyte and methods of preparing the polymer lithium ion battery are provided. The gel polymer composite electrolyte is formed by swelling after a polymer membrane absorbs an electrolyte, wherein the polymer membrane is formed by thermocuring a polymer mixture comprising an acrylic emulsion, water and ammonia water, and the acrylic emulsion has a glass transition temperature ranging from about ?30° C. to about 50° C.

Abstract: An electrode of the present invention includes: an electrically conductive support (11); and an active material layer (12) provided on the electrically conductive support (11), containing an electrode active material (13) and an electrical conductivity assistant (14), wherein: the electrode active material (13) includes at least one of a first polymer compound having a tetrachalcogenofulvalene structure in a repetition unit of a main chain, and a second polymer compound which is a copolymer between a first unit which has the tetrachalcogenofulvalene structure in a side chain and a second unit which does not have the tetrachalcogenofulvalene structure in the side chain; and in active material layer (13), the electrode active material (13) does not form particles but covers at least a portion of a surface of the electrical conductivity assistant (14).

Abstract: Methods of forming composites that incorporate networks of conductive polymer nanofibers are provided. Networks of less-than conductive polymers are first formed and then doped with a chemical dopant to provide networks of conductive polymers. The networks of conductive polymers are then incorporated into a matrix in order to improve the conductivity of the matrix. The formed composites are useful as conductive coatings for applications including electromagnetic energy management on exterior surfaces of vehicles.

Abstract: Provided is an anode active material including lithium metal oxide particles having an internal porosity ranging from 3% to 8% and an average particle diameter (D50) ranging from 5 ?m to 12 ?m. According to the present invention, since the high-density lithium metal oxide particles are included, the adhesion to an anode may be significantly improved even by using the same or smaller amount of a binder that is required during the preparation of an anode slurry, and high rate characteristics of a secondary battery may be improved by decreasing the average particle diameter of the lithium metal oxide particles.

Abstract: A positive electrode material for a lithium ion secondary cell, includes: a binding agent in which an active material formed from a lithium metal oxide are dispersed together with barium titanate and conductive carbon.

Abstract: A redox flow battery is described, mainly including a charge/discharge cell, a cathode electrolyte tank, and an anode electrolyte tank. The inside of the charge/discharge cell is divided into a cathode cell and an anode cell by a diaphragm. A collector plate and a cathode are contained in the cathode cell. An aqueous solution containing a Mn-polyethyleneimine complex is supplied from the cathode electrolyte tank to the cathode through a supply pipe. Thereby, an energy storage battery that has durability sufficient for practical applications in a wide range of fields can be provided.

Abstract: An anode active material includes: a core including a metal or a metalloid that can incorporate and deincorporate lithium ions; and a plurality of coating layers on a surface of the core, each coating layer including a metal oxide, an amorphous carbonaceous material, or combination thereof. Also, a lithium battery including the anode active material, and a method of preparing the anode active material.

Abstract: The main object of the present invention is to provide a lithium solid state secondary battery system capable of restoring the decrease of output characteristics of a lithium solid state secondary battery without deteriorating an anode. The present invention attains the above-mentioned object by providing a lithium solid state secondary battery system including a lithium solid state secondary battery and an overdischarge treating unit, wherein an anode active material layer of the above-mentioned lithium solid state secondary battery contains an anode active material and a sulfide solid electrolyte material containing Li, A (A is at least one kind of P, S, Ge, Al and B) and S and having an ortho-composition, and the above-mentioned anode current collector includes a metal.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate generally to electric double layer capacitors having an electrolyte formulation that includes a quantity of a stabilizing additive such that the electrochemical double layer capacitors retain cell capacitance for longer periods of time, generate less gas during operation, and experience less long term ESR. In some embodiments, an electrolyte formulation includes an ionic species, a solvent, and a stabilizer. In some embodiments the stabilizer contains a moiety that promotes adsorption to a surface, such as a carbon surface, and a moiety that promotes polarity of the stabilizer. In some embodiments, the solvent can be a nitrile compound and the stabilizer can be a compound of the formula I: Such that R is H, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, acyclic carbon group, OH, halogen NH2, NO2, S(O)2CF3, or monocyclic or polycyclic aryl, and n is an integer from 0 to 5.

Abstract: Disclosed are a negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery, a method of preparing the same, and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same. The negative active material includes a composite particle including a silicon particle and a carbon coating layer coated on the surface of the silicon particle and a porous space formed by the entangled carbon nanofibers, the composite particle contacting the external surface of the carbon nanofibers in the porous space of the carbon nanofiber structure, and the carbon nanofibers have a larger diameter than that of the composite particle and a diameter ranging from about 100 nm to about 2000 nm.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a rechargeable Li—S battery including a cathode including a firbrous carbon material, a catholyte including a polysulfide, and an anode. In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a charged or partially charged rechargeable Li—S battery including a cathode including a fibrous carbon material and amorphous microparticles of elemental sulfur, a catholyte including high-order polysulfides having a general formula of Li2Sn, wherein n is at least eight, and an anode. In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a discharged or partially discharged rechargeable Li—S battery including a cathode including a fibrous carbon material and amorphous microparticles of Li2S, a catholyte including a negligible amount of polysulfides, and an anode.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes: a cathode; an anode; and a non-aqueous electrolytic solution, wherein the cathode includes a second lithium-containing compound having an olivine-type crystal structure, a photoelectron spectrum of oxygen 1s obtained by surface analysis of the cathode with the use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy includes a third peak and a fourth peak, the third peak having an apex in a range in which binding energy is equal to or larger than 530 electron volts and less than 533 electron volts, and the fourth peak having an apex in a range in which binding energy is from 533 electron volts to 536 electron volts both inclusive and having spectrum intensity smaller than spectrum intensity of the third peak, and a ratio IE/ID between a spectrum intensity ID of the third peak and a spectrum intensity IE of the fourth peak is larger than ¼.

Abstract: A cathode active material of the present invention is a cathode active material having a composition represented by General Formula (1) below, LiFe1?xMxP1?ySiyO4??(1), where: an average valence of Fe is +2 or more; M is an element having a valence of +2 or more and is at least one type of element selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Y, and Al; the valence of M is different from the average valence of Fe; 0<x?0.5; and y=x×({valence of M}?2)+(1?x)×({average valence of Fe}?2). This provides a cathode active material that not only excels in terms of safety and cost but also can provide a long-life battery.

Abstract: An electrode is provided as one capable of achieving further improvement in safety of an electrochemical device when exposed to a high-temperature environment, and an electrochemical device is provided as one using the electrode. The electrode has a current collector, an endothermic material layer provided on the current collector, and an active material layer provided on the endothermic material layer. The endothermic material layer contains an endothermic material absorbing heat at 80° C. or higher in a differential scanning calorimetry curve thereof.

Abstract: An energy storage device structure comprises a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer and a second electrode layer. At least one of the electrode layers comprise a metallic base layer, a layer of carbon nanotubes grown on the base layer and a layer of carbon nanoparticles disposed on the carbon nanotube layer, the carbon nanoparticle layer being arranged to face the electrolyte layer. The structure has much larger width and length than thickness, so it is rolled up or folded and then hermetically sealed to form an energy storage unit. The layer of carbon nanotubes is grown on the metallic base layer by a chemical vapor deposition process at a temperature no higher than 550° C. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube layer are at least partially aligned in a direction that is perpendicular to the surface of the metallic base layer.

Abstract: Provided are compositions having the formula MnTi(L1)(L2)(L3) wherein L1 is a catecholate, and L2 and L3 are each independently selected from catecholates, ascorbate, citrate, glycolates, a polyol, gluconate, glycinate, hydroxyalkanoates, acetate, formate, benzoates, malate, maleate, phthalates, sarcosinate, salicylate, oxalate, a urea, polyamine, aminophenolates, acetylacetone or lactate; each M is independently Na, Li, or K; n is 0 or an integer from 1-6. Also provided are energy storage systems.

Abstract: A cathode material for a lithium ion secondary battery is a composite grain including an oxide and a carbon material. The oxide includes, as constituent elements, Li, Si and at least one of Fe and Mn. According to a measurement by an X-ray diffraction method using Cu-K? as an X-ray source, a diffraction peak exists within a range of 2?=33±2° and a half width of the diffraction peak is 0.55° or more. A size of the grain is 1 ?m or more and 20 ?m or less.

Abstract: Provided is a solid electrolyte battery that has favorable charge-discharge characteristics with impedance reduced. This solid electrolyte battery has, on a substrate 10, a stacked body of a positive electrode side current collector film 30, a positive electrode protective film 31, a positive electrode active material film 40, a solid electrolyte film 50, a negative electrode potential formation layer 64, and a negative electrode side current collector film 70 stacked in this order. The positive electrode active material film 40 is composed of an amorphous positive electrode active material. The positive electrode protective film 31 is composed of LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, LiNiO2, or the like.

Abstract: A rechargeable lithium cell comprising a cathode having a cathode active material, an anode having an anode active material, a porous separator electronically separating the anode and the cathode, a non-flammable quasi-solid electrolyte in contact with the cathode and the anode, wherein the electrolyte contains a lithium salt dissolved in a first organic liquid solvent with a concentration sufficiently high so that the electrolyte exhibits a vapor pressure less than 0.01 kPa when measured at 20° C., a flash point at least 20 degrees Celsius higher than the flash point of the first organic liquid solvent alone, a flash point higher than 150° C., or no flash point. This battery cell is non-flammable and safe, has a long cycle life, high capacity, and high energy density.

Abstract: A positive electrode mixture including a positive electrode active material represented by the following formula (1); and a solid electrolyte that comprises Li and S: aLi2MnO3bLiNi1-yM1yO2-cLiM2vM3wM4xO2??(1) wherein M1 is one or more elements selected from Co, Mn, Al, Fe, Cu, V, Zn and Cr; M2, M3 and M4 are independently one or more elements selected from Ni, Co, Mn, Al, Fe, Cu, V, Zn and Cr; M2, M3 and M4 are elements different from each other; a, b and c satisfy a+b+c=1, 0<a<1, 0<b<1 and 0<c<1; y satisfies 0?y?1; and v, w and x satisfy v+w+x=1, and satisfy 0?v?1, 0?w?1 and 0?x?1.

Abstract: Disclosed is method of fabricating sulfur-infiltrated mesoporous conductive nanocomposites for a cathode of a lithium-sulfur secondary battery, whereby a cathode material having a relatively high content of sulfur is fabricated and a high energy density in a lithium-sulfur secondary battery is realized, including: a) performing thermal treatment on sulfur particles in a reactor at a high temperature to melt the sulfur particles; b) adding a mesoporous conductive material in macroscale to a sulfur solution in the reactor; c) pressurizing the mesoporous conductive material in macroscale in the reactor so that the mesoporous conductive material in macroscale is completely immersed in the sulfur solution, and then maintaining the pressurized and molten state; d) cooling the sulfur particles and the mesoporous conductive material in macroscale so that sulfur within pores of the mesoporous conductive material in macroscale is crystallized; and e) grinding sulfur-infiltrated mesoporous conductive composites to fabri

Abstract: Provided are redox flow batteries employing supporting electrolyte of a ring- or spiro-type structure and having high energy efficiencies and energy densities.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a solar electrode comprising steps of:(a) stencil printing a conductive paste onto a front side of a semiconductor substrate through a printing mask comprising: (i) 60 wt % to 95 wt % of a conductive powder, (ii) 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of glass frit, (iii) 3 wt % to 30 wt % of an organic medium, (iv) 0.4 wt % to 1.7 wt % of an amide compound, based on the total weight of the conductive paste and (b) firing the applied conductive paste to form an electrode.

Abstract: An electrode active material is based on an organic compound containing in the structural unit thereof a pyrazine structure bound to cycloalkane. The electrode active material and a secondary battery containing it have large energy density, outputting high power, and having excellent cycle characteristics with little reduction in capacity even after repetition of charging and discharging.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a lithium-ion secondary battery includes a first current collector, a first layer, and a separator. The first current collector has a plurality of first recesses on a surface of the first current collector. The first layer is provided on the first current collector. The layer includes a first active material body, a first binder, and a first conductive body. The separator is provided in the first recesses via the first layer and including a fiber.

Abstract: An electrochemical ethylene sensor and method for ethylene sensing are disclosed. In one aspect, an electrochemical ethylene sensor includes a working electrode and a counter electrode on an electrically insulating substrate. An ionic liquid layer covers the working electrode and counter electrode. In one method, a voltage is applied to the working electrode which is equal to or lower than the voltage required for the onset of oxidation of the material of the working electrode, for example, in the range spanning 700 mV before the onset of oxidation of the material of the working electrode.

Abstract: Presented herein is a rechargeable lithium battery that includes a cathode, a liquid electrolyte, a solid electrolyte, and an anode. The anode is at least partially coated or plated with the solid electrolyte. The cathode may be porous and infiltrated by the liquid electrolyte. The cathode may also include a binder having a solid graft copolymer electrolyte (GCE). In certain embodiments, the liquid electrolyte is a gel that includes a PIL and a GCE. The battery achieves a high energy density and operates safely over a wide range of temperatures.

Abstract: Ion storage electrodes formed by coating an underlying substrate with a nanofibrillar film of structured conjugate polymer nanofibers and methods of forming such electrodes are described herein. The electrical properties of the electrodes may be customized by modifying the structure of the polymer nanofibers, the thickness of the nanofiber film, and the pore size of the nanofiber films.

Abstract: A composite comprising a combination of a self-healing polymer matrix and a carbon fiber reinforcement is described. In one embodiment, the matrix is a polybutadiene graft copolymer matrix, such as polybutadiene graft copolymer comprising poly(butadiene)-graft-poly(methyl acrylate-co-acrylonitrile). A method of fabricating the composite is also described, comprising the steps of manufacturing a pre-impregnated unidirectional carbon fiber preform by wetting a plurality of carbon fibers with a solution, the solution comprising a self-healing polymer and a solvent, and curing the preform. A method of repairing a structure made from the composite of the invention is described. A novel prepreg material used to manufacture the composite of the invention is described.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprising an anode, electrolyte or an electrolyte/separator combination, and a nano-structured cathode, wherein the cathode comprises: (a) an integrated nano-structure of electrically conductive nanometer-scaled filaments that are interconnected to form a porous network of electron-conducting paths comprising pores with a size smaller than 100 nm (preferably smaller than 10 nm), wherein the filaments have a transverse dimension less than 500 nm (preferably less than 100 nm); and (b) powder or salt of lithium-containing sulfide (lithium polysulfide) disposed in the pores, or a thin coating of lithium-containing sulfide deposited on a nano-scaled filament surface wherein the lithium-containing sulfide is in contact with, dispersed in, or dissolved in electrolyte liquid and the lithium-containing sulfide-to-filament weight ratio is between 1/10 and 10/1 which is measured when the cell is in a fully discharged state.

Abstract: A secondary battery capable of providing a high energy density and superior cycle characteristics is provided. The secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution. The anode has an anode active material layer containing a carbon material and a lithium-containing compound (Li3-aMaN) as an anode active material. M is one or more transition metal elements. a is a numerical value satisfying 0<a?0.8.

Abstract: An ionic liquid that is a salt has a Formula: Such ionic liquids may be used in electrolytes and in electrochemical cells.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment, a rechargeable battery is provided comprising an electrolyte including an organic solvent and a solution-treated polyolefin separator. A contact angle of the electrolyte including the organic solvent upon the separator may be from 0 to 15 degrees. In one embodiment, the solution-treated polyolefin layer has an increased concentration of ionic functional groups at its surface compared to an untreated polyolefin layer. In another embodiment, the solution-treated polyolefin separator has been treated with a treatment solution having a pH of either at most 2 or at least 12. The separator may be treated with an acid or base solution for at least 30 seconds. The solution-treated separator may exhibit improved wetting with an electrolyte compared to an untreated separator.